:

22thDec,2016

ComputedTomography
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62 2006 3
) 1!1980 (
.

1
IMV 2006 CT Market Summary Report. Des Plains, IL: IMV Medical Information Division, 2006.

.

... . .

.
DetectorArray .

reconstruction axial two-dimensional
.image .

)(

x-ray .
) ( .
. .
.
. .
.
. .

) (

* Ionizing Radiation

)( )(

1972 .GodfreyHounsfield
1971 .
. 1979 . AllanCormack
. .
.1974

.

1980.
. .

. .

.

.
. .
.
. MPR
.Multi-PlanarReconstruction

MPR

%17

.
250 5000 .

.
.
- - creatinine
.
- -allergicreactions .

2
NationalCouncilonRadiationProtectionandMeasurements.Ionizingradiationexposureofthe
populationoftheUnitedStates:NCRPreportno.160.Bethesda,MD:NationalCouncilonRadiation
ProtectionandMeasurements,2009

. .
.
.reconstruction
detectors .
.

.
.
" :
"! 3
.
.
.

X-RayTube
.
.
. ! ) (

3
LoisE,Romans:"Youdon'thavetoknowhowtobuildacartobeagooddriver".Acomprehensive
Text,ComputedTomographyforTechnologist

10


Superimposition

superimposition
.

AP
... . Lateral .
.

.

11


) ( BeamAttenuation

.
. Absorption .

) ( .

. .
.
.

.
:
Energy
.
.
density
thickness
.
.

.

12


HounsfieldUnits

CTNumber .
. HU
.
reconstruction
.

HU
1000-
.

.

HU .

13


.1 DataAcquisition
.2 ImageReconstructions
.3 ImageDisplay

14


: DataAcquisition

)( . .

. ImageReconstruction

attenuation
.absorption&scatter detectors
.rawdata

15


ElectricalSignal
. :

XenonGas ) (ionization .
.
.pressurized

Solid-StateCrystal .
. .

16


17


: ImageReconstruction

.
.view view
reconstruction .views

18


view rawdata :

.
.
another
view

.
views .
FilteredBackProjection

.

19


IterativeReconstruction .
4.reduction%57

.adaptivestatisticaliterativereconstruction ASIR
noise
noise .


.

ASIR
.%100-%10 FBP ASIR .

ASIR40
FBP%60 .ASIR%40

990 680

4
EvaluationofdosereductionandimagequalityinchestCTusingadaptivestatisticaliterative
reconstructionwiththesamegroupofpatients. 2012 Oct;85(1018):e906-11. doi: 10.1259/bjr/66327067. Epub
2012 May 17.

20


: ImageDisplay

.
HU .

Pixels&Voxels,andMatrix

HU
.
.

Matrix
.

Thickness

0.6
10 .

vs

21


Windowing

. ) ( .
. .

SofttissuewindowLungwindowBonewindow

. .LungWindow
.Bonewindow .SoftTissuewindow

WindowWidth-WindowLevel :

22


WindowWidth-WW :

23


.
.windowlevel

WindowLevel-WL :

50 .windowwidth 50
. windowlevel . 25
25 . .

24


: .WW-WL:100-40 100
.40 .

bonewindow WW-WL:2200-350 :

25


CTGenerations
.

1stgeneration

singlex-raytube )( .detector
. pencilbeam
.translate rotate
.

projection .
/ .translate/rotate
poorspatialresolution
.BrainVentricles

26


2ndgeneration

translate/rotate .
multipledetectors . .narrowfanbeam

27


3rdgeneration

/ rotate/rotate .
. widefanbeam .
.

28


4thgeneration

.StationaryRingDetectors
.

RingArtifact .
.

RingArtifactCT

29


30


5thgeneration

. EBCT
ElectronBeamComputedTomography .UltrafastCT


.

.ElectronGun
Tungusten . .anode

lowspatialresolution&highnoiselevel
.
.

31


6thgeneration

Helical/Spiral
. .

32


.Slip-RingTechnology
.
.
.brushes

33


7thgeneration

.MultisliceComputedTomography
.
64 128 - ....

34


gantry
table .controlroom


.

.
LeadEquivalentGlass
.

:


. lockers
.

35


GantryComponents

36


Generator
highfrequencygenerators .
.

Filtration
.

.

Collimators
.scatterradiation
. thickness
.

)( Detector

attenuation
.absorption&scatter detectors
.rawdata ElectricalSignal
. .

37


Spiral/HelicalScanning
Helical/Spiral
.

Slip-RingTechnology

.Slip-RingTechnology
.
.
.brushes

38


MultisliceComputedTomography

.
64 128 - ...

DualSourceCT

.
.

.DualEnergy
.

. .

.

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DualSourceCTSCAN

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