You are on page 1of 16

)(1

, , ,
, , , . 2012 , .

,
, :

(1 .

(2 , .

(3 ,.

, ,
, ,

,
.

,
.


.
: , .

:
1
( Van Dam, Thomas E., "Money & Banking, An Introduction To The Financial System," D. C.
.Heath & Company, Lexington, Massachusetts. Toronto London, 1975 .pp 26-46

1
,
:

(1 .

(2 .

(3 .

,
.
, , ,
.


, ,
, .

, .
) %2
( ,
.
,
,
.
.

, :

(1 ,
.

(2 .

2
(3
.

,
.

.
,

.
,
2
.

,
, , ,
,
.
" "
.

" "
) ( ,
, , )
,( Credit " "Credit " ."to believe

,
.

2
( " " ,
.:
Van Dam, Thomas E., "Money & Banking, An Introduction To The Financial System," D. C.
.Heath & Company, Lexington, Massachusetts. Toronto London, 1975.p. 29

3
,
.

, .

) (

.
,
.
,
.


, .



. , ,
, .

, ,
. ,
, , , ,
, .
,
, .

4
:
.
.
,

.

:

:
,
,
.
, ,

.
,
.
,
.


, " ,

..........
"" , 3
...
" ,4
,
5
.

. , ,
3
" , , " , 3 .6
4
( , 7 .8
5
( " , " , .615

5
,
. "
) (6 ") (7




" ).(8


" :

" ) .(9
,
)( .
. :
"

" ) (10
. )(11
" "
" :


)(12
"

." :
:
. :

6
) .
7
)" , " , .47
8
( . 67 66
9
) .80
10
( . 81
11
( .82
12
( 82

6
)(13

" .
)(14



.

"
:

-1

" : .....15".

-2 :

- " :
" .34 :

- ) 20
( ) 200 (.
.......
.


.



.





".16

13
( .
14
( " , " , .83
15
( , , , ,
,7965 .
16
( , , " , "

http://www.al-yemen.org/vb/archive/index.php/t-51900.html

7

.



.
, ,
.
:
. .
(17).
,
.



, ,
.

: .

: .

: .

: .

25 )(.

, .

17
(


.


,
,

. :

: M1


, ,
)(

: M2




) ( .

: M3


(18).

, ,
" " .
) ,( M1 , M2 , M3
, , ,
:

18
( - , " , " .138

9
-1
.

, , -2
.

.1 .

.2 .

, ,

.
.
,
, , .
) (19
.




, , .

(20) :

19
( .
20
( " "
247 , 279 " , , , . 1978

10


1914 .



,
,
.


1914


) (21
.


.
:
)(22

-1 :

1844 ,

.

21
( .
22
( :
De Kock., M. H " Central Banking", pp. 29-37.

11

,
.
.
1939
,

.

-2 :

1870 1928 ,
1939 1941 .
.

-3 :



, ,
.

,
1930 1933 ,

.


.
:

12
) (Cash in hand ,....
%5 .

: -4




) ( A first charge
.


.

(23) : -5

,



, .

:
, (24) .
23
( " , " , 215 . 216
24
( ,
, ,
. = = ,
, . : ," ,

13


.


).(25

:


.

:
.

.
,
, .

,
:

-1 .

-2
.

. -3

".

25
( .

14
:


. ) (26
.


(27) ,
,
) ( .



,
, .


" "
, , .
, ,
, .
:

-1


.

26
( , ,
.
27
( .

15
-2 :
, (28) .
:

-
, , -
.

.

, ,

, ,
.

, ,

.

28
(

" .... " "
1967 . 201 . 222

16

You might also like