Lab Report 2

Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal
EXPERIMENT NO. 2
INK CHROMATOGRAPHY
LABORATORY REPORT
Name:Justine Kate C. Balinbin Subject: General Chemistry 1
Grade Level and Strand: Grade 12- STEM Section: Quantum
Teacher: Mr. Clint Allen Reyes Score: _______________
I. INTRODUCTION
Chromatography is derived from the Greek words “khroma” and “graphein” meaning “color”
and “to write” or “to present”. Chromatography is a process of separating mixtures into the chemicals
from which it is made from. There are many types of chromatography which test some liquids, gases and
etc. In ink chromatography, you are separating the colored pigments that make up the color of a certain
pen. Chromatography had been an important basis to solve crimes and aids in determining if a substance
is a methamphetamine drug.
II. OBJECTIVES
1. To use paper chromatography to separate the pigments found in ink samples.
2. To construct a reference library of ink samples and use it to identify an “unknown” marker.
3. To calculate the retention factor for ink samples.
III. MATERIALS AND REAGENTS

 Graduated Cylinder
 Beaker
 Calculator
 Activity sheet
 Filter Paper
 Toothpick
 Pencil
 Scissors
 Ruler
BATANG KN S.I.K.A.T
Skilled communicator, Innovative, Knowledge seeker, Active collaborator,
and Technologically gifted
BATANG KN S.I.K.A.T
Skilled communicator, Innovative, Knowledge seeker, Active collaborator, and Technologically gifted
Region XII
City of Koronadal
 Distilled Water
 70% Isopropyl Alcohol
 4 different brands of black pens (Panda, Dong-A, Titus, HBW)
 4 different colors of ink (Magenta, Black, Yellow, Cyan)
IV. PROCEDURE
1. Mix the 71.5 ml of Isopropyl alcohol and 28.5 ml of distilled water in the beaker.
2. Divide the solution into two equal parts then pour them into a beaker. Each beaker should
contain 50 ml of the solution (35.75 of alcohol and 14.25 of water).
3. Cut a piece of filter paper thatfits enough in the opening of the beaker
4. Draw four rectangles which is 1.5 cm away from the end of the filter paper.
5. Drop a dot of ink on the filter paper where the rectangleswere drawn.
6. Slowly put the end of the paper to the beaker with the solution and wait for 1 hour.
7. After 1 hour, remove the filter paper from the solution and measure the distance of the
pigments and distance of the solute.
BATANG KN S.I.K.A.T
BATANG KN S.I.K.A.T
Region XII
City of Koronadal
V. RAW DATA
DISTANCE TRAVELLED BY SOLUTE (Black Ink Pens)

PANDA 1st pigment: 15 mm 2nd pigment: 30 mm 3rd pigment: 34 mm
DONG-A 1st pigment: 8 mm 2nd pigment: 49 mm None
TITUS 1st pigment: 24 mm 2nd pigment: 29 mm None
HBW 1st pigment: 16 mm 2nd pigment: 30 mm 3rd pigment: 32 mm
REFERENCE LIBRARY FOR INK SAMPLES AND THEIR COLORED PIGMENTS

(Black Ink Pens)
PANDA DONG-A TITUS HBW
BATANG KN S.I.K.A.T
BATANG KN S.I.K.A.T
Region XII
City of Koronadal
Total # of Colored Total # of Colored Total # of Colored Total # of Colored

Pigments:3 Pigments: 2 Pigments: 2 Pigments: 3
Solvent Distance Solvent Distance Solvent Distance Solvent Distance
Measured: 52 mm Measured: 52 mm Measured: 52 mm Measured: 52 mm

(Colored Inks)
BATANG KN S.I.K.A.T
BATANG KN S.I.K.A.T
Region XII
City of Koronadal
DISTANCE TRAVELLED BY SOLUTE (Colored Inks)

CYAN
MAGENTA 1st pigment: 2nd pigment: None None None
34 mm 48 mm
BLACK 1 pigment: 2 pigment: 3rd pigment:
st nd
None None
15mm 21 mm 33mm
YELLOW 1st pigment: 2nd pigment: None None None
29mm 58 mm
CYAN 1st pigment: 2nd pigment: 3rd pigment: None None
27mm 30mm 65 mm
UNKNOWN 1 pigment: 2 pigment: 3 pigment: 4th pigment:
st nd rd
5th pigment:
9mm 16 mm 34 mm 48 mm 51 mm
MAGENTA YELLOW UNKNOWN

BLACK
Total # of Colored Total # of Colored Total # of Colored Total # of Colored Total # of Colored
Pigments: 2 Pigments: 3 Pigments: 2 Pigments: 3 Pigments: 5
Solvent Distance Solvent Distance Solvent Distance Solvent Distance Solvent Distance
Measured: 65 mm Measured: 65 mm Measured: 65 mm Measured: 65 mm Measured: 65 mm
VI. CALCULATIONS
BATANG KN S.I.K.A.T
BATANG KN S.I.K.A.T
Region XII
City of Koronadal

(Black Ink Pens)
PANDA DONG-A TITUS HBW
Colored Pigment #3 Colored Pigment #3 Colored Pigment #3 Colored Pigment #3
Color: Blue Color: None Color: None Color: Yellow

Distance measured: Distance measured: Distance measured: Distance measured:
34mm None None 32mm
Rf: 0.65 mm Rf: None Rf: None Rf: 0.62 mm
Color: Yellow Color: Pink Color: Yellow Color: Yellow

30mm 49mm 29mm 30mm
Rf: 0.58 mm Rf: 0.94 mm Rf: 0.56 mm Rf: 0.58 mm
Color: Dark blue Color: Gray Color: Light Blue Color: Dark Blue
15mm 8mm 24mm 16mm
Rf: 0.29 mm Rf: 0.15 mm Rf: 0.46 mm Rf: 0.31 mm
BATANG KN S.I.K.A.T
BATANG KN S.I.K.A.T
Region XII
City of Koronadal
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 (𝑝𝑖𝑔𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑘)

𝑅𝑓 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 =
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 (𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟)
PANDA PANDA PANDA

(Colored Pigment #3) (Colored Pigment #2) (Colored Pigment #1)
34 𝑚𝑚 30 𝑚𝑚 15 𝑚𝑚
= 52 𝑚𝑚 = 52 𝑚𝑚 = 52 𝑚𝑚
= 0.65 𝑚𝑚 = 0.58 𝑚𝑚 = 0.29 𝑚𝑚
DONG-A DONG-A
(Colored Pigment #2) (Colored Pigment #1)
49 𝑚𝑚 8 𝑚𝑚
= 52 𝑚𝑚 = 52 𝑚𝑚
= 0.94 𝑚𝑚 = 0.15 𝑚𝑚
TITUS TITUS
29 𝑚𝑚 24 𝑚𝑚
= 52 𝑚𝑚 = 52 𝑚𝑚
= 0.56 𝑚𝑚 = 0.46 𝑚𝑚
HBW HBW HBW

32 𝑚𝑚 30 𝑚𝑚 16 𝑚𝑚
= 52 𝑚𝑚 = 52 𝑚𝑚 = 52 𝑚𝑚
= 0.62 𝑚𝑚 = 0.58 𝑚𝑚 = 0.31 𝑚𝑚
BATANG KN S.I.K.A.T
BATANG KN S.I.K.A.T
Region XII
City of Koronadal

(Colored Inks)
MAGENTA BLACK YELLOW CYAN UNKNOWN
Colored Pigment#5 Colored Pigment#5 Colored Pigment#5 Colored Pigment#5 Colored Pigment#5
Color: None Color: None Color: None Color: None Color: Yellow
Distance measured: Distance Distance Distance Distance
None measured: None measured: None measured: None measured: 51 mm
Rf: None Rf: None Rf: None Rf: None Rf: 0.78 mm
Color: None Color: None Color: None Color: None Color: Light Pink
None measured: None measured: None measured: None measured: 48 mm
Rf: None Rf: None Rf: None Rf: None Rf: 0.74 mm
Color: None Color: Brown Color: None Color: Blue Color: Pink
None measured: 33mm measured: None measured: 65 mm measured: 34 mm
Rf: None Rf: 0.51 mm Rf: None Rf: 1 mm Rf: 0.52 mm
Colored Pigment #2 Colored Pigment#2 Colored Pigment#2 Colored Pigment#2 Colored Pigment#2
Color: Dark Pink Color: Yellow Color: Yellow Color: Light Pink Color: Yellow
48 mm measured: 21 mm measured: 58 mm measured: 30 mm measured: 16 mm
Rf: 0.74 mm Rf: 0.32 mm Rf: 0.89 mm Rf: 0.46 mm Rf: 0.25 mm
Color: Light Pink Color: Dark Blue Color: Light Pink Color: Light Blue Color: Blue
BATANG KN S.I.K.A.T
BATANG KN S.I.K.A.T
Region XII
City of Koronadal

34 mm measured: 15 mm measured: 29 mm measured: 27 mm measured: 9 mm
Rf: 0.52 mm Rf: 0.23 mm Rf: 0.45 mm Rf: 0.42 mm Rf: 0.14 mm
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 (𝑝𝑖𝑔𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑘)

𝑅𝑓 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 =
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 (𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟)
MAGENTA MAGENTA
48 𝑚𝑚 34 𝑚𝑚
= 65 𝑚𝑚 = 65 𝑚𝑚
= 0.74 𝑚𝑚 = 0.52 𝑚𝑚
BLACK BLACK BLACK

33 𝑚𝑚 21 𝑚𝑚 15 𝑚𝑚
= 65 𝑚𝑚 = 65 𝑚𝑚 = 65 𝑚𝑚
= 0.51 𝑚𝑚 = 0.32 𝑚𝑚 = 0.23 𝑚𝑚
YELLOW YELLOW
58 𝑚𝑚 29 𝑚𝑚
= 65 𝑚𝑚 = 65 𝑚𝑚
= 0.89 𝑚𝑚 = 0.45 𝑚𝑚
CYAN CYAN CYAN

65 𝑚𝑚 30 𝑚𝑚 27 𝑚𝑚
= 65 𝑚𝑚 = 65 𝑚𝑚 = 65 𝑚𝑚
= 1 𝑚𝑚 = 0.46 𝑚𝑚 = 0.42 𝑚𝑚
BATANG KN S.I.K.A.T
BATANG KN S.I.K.A.T
Region XII
City of Koronadal
UNKNOWN UNKNOWN UNKNOWN UNKNOWN

(Colored Pigment #5) (Colored Pigment #4) (Colored Pigment #3) (Colored Pigment #2)
51 𝑚𝑚 48 𝑚𝑚 34 𝑚𝑚 16 𝑚𝑚
= 65 𝑚𝑚 = 65 𝑚𝑚 = 65 𝑚𝑚 = 65 𝑚𝑚
= 0.78 𝑚𝑚 = 0.74 𝑚𝑚 = 0.52 𝑚𝑚 = 0.25 𝑚𝑚
UNKNOWN
(Colored Pigment #1)
9 𝑚𝑚
=
65 𝑚𝑚
= 0.14 𝑚𝑚
QUESTIONS:
1. What is the purpose of water in the experiment?

The purpose of water is to act as a solvent in the solute concentration.
2. Do you think permanent markers would have reacted the same in the water? Why or
Why not?
No, because permanent markers may use certain pigments and dyes that do not
dissolve in water.
3. Do you thinking linking a brand of marker or pen to the crime is enough evidence to
convict a suspect?
Yes, because Forensic scientists are able to use ink chromatography to solve
crimes by matching documents or stains found at a crime scene to the marker or pen that
belongs to a suspect. Forensic scientists analyze the unknown ink and compare it to
writing utensils collected from possible suspects.
BATANG KN S.I.K.A.T
BATANG KN S.I.K.A.T
Region XII
City of Koronadal
4. Did any of the marker samples have the same chromatography results? If so, which
ones?
Panda, Titus and HBW has the same yellow pigment. Then Panda and HBW
has the same dark blue pigment.
5. What are some other mixtures that you think can be separated by chromatography?
Food colorings and plant pigments
VI. CONCLUSION
After the ink chromatography was conducted, I observed that a piece of ink is
composed of different pigments combined together. As the end of the filter paper was
soaked for an hour, the pigments on it separated. In each certain type of ink, the
pigments it contains varies from one another. In black ink pens, Panda, Titus and HBW
has the same yellow pigment. Then Panda and HBW has the same dark blue pigment.
Then Panda and HBW has the same dark blue pigment. In colored inks, Magenta,
Yellow and Cyan has the same light pink pigment. Then Black, Yellow, and Unknown
has the same yellow pigment. In summary, each color that were separated out from
each other has different distance from its point of origin. By the help of calculating the
Retention Factor Value, the distance of solvent travelled and the distance of pigment
was determined.
BATANG KN S.I.K.A.T
BATANG KN S.I.K.A.T

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Republic of the Philippines

Name:Justine Kate C. Balinbin Subject: General Chemistry 1

Grade Level and Strand: Grade 12- STEM Section: Quantum

Teacher: Mr. Clint Allen Reyes Score: _______________

III. MATERIALS AND REAGENTS

contain 50 ml of the solution (35.75 of alcohol and 14.25 of water).

pigments and distance of the solute.

DISTANCE TRAVELLED BY SOLUTE (Black Ink Pens)

DONG-A 1st pigment: 8 mm 2nd pigment: 49 mm None

TITUS 1st pigment: 24 mm 2nd pigment: 29 mm None

HBW 1st pigment: 16 mm 2nd pigment: 30 mm 3rd pigment: 32 mm

REFERENCE LIBRARY FOR INK SAMPLES AND THEIR COLORED PIGMENTS

Total # of Colored Total # of Colored Total # of Colored Total # of Colored

REFERENCE LIBRARY FOR INK SAMPLES AND THEIR COLORED PIGMENTS

DISTANCE TRAVELLED BY SOLUTE (Colored Inks)

MAGENTA YELLOW UNKNOWN

REFERENCE LIBRARY FOR INK SAMPLES AND THEIR COLORED PIGMENTS

Color: Blue Color: None Color: None Color: Yellow

Color: Yellow Color: Pink Color: Yellow Color: Yellow

𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 (𝑝𝑖𝑔𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑘)

PANDA PANDA PANDA

= 0.65 𝑚𝑚 = 0.58 𝑚𝑚 = 0.29 𝑚𝑚

HBW HBW HBW

= 0.62 𝑚𝑚 = 0.58 𝑚𝑚 = 0.31 𝑚𝑚

REFERENCE LIBRARY FOR INK SAMPLES AND THEIR COLORED PIGMENTS

Distance measured: Distance Distance Distance Distance

𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 (𝑝𝑖𝑔𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑘)

BLACK BLACK BLACK

= 0.51 𝑚𝑚 = 0.32 𝑚𝑚 = 0.23 𝑚𝑚

CYAN CYAN CYAN

UNKNOWN UNKNOWN UNKNOWN UNKNOWN

1. What is the purpose of water in the experiment?

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