fl;llf; Nfhapy;fs; (fw;wsp)

(ROCK CUT TEMPLES)

Kd;Diu:

Nfhapy; fl;llf; fiy fp.gp.Mwhk; Ehw;whz;bypUe;J jhd; tsu;r;rp

ngw;wjhf nfhs;sKbAk;. jkpofj;jpd; njd; gFjpahd rptfq;if

khtl;lj;ijr; Nru;e;j gps;isahu;gl;b vd;Dk; Cupd; Filtiuf;

Nfhapy;jhd; jkpofj;jpy; ,d;W fhzg;ngWk; Filtiuf; Nfhapy;fSs;

goikahdJ. ,J Kw;fhyg; ghz;bau;fsJ gilg;ghFk;. ,jidaLj;J

jkpofj;jpd; gy gFjpfspy; Filtiuf; Nfhapy;fs;

mikf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. mitfs; gy;ytu;fs;> Kw;fhyg; ghz;bau;fs;>

mjpau;fs;> Kj;jiuau;fs; MfpNahu; mikj;jitfshFk;. fp.gp. 8 Mk;

Ehw;whz;NlhL Filtiuf; Nfhapy;fs; mikf;Fk; gzp epd;Wtpl;lJ

vdyhk;.

jdpj;jdpf; Fd;Wfisr; nrJf;fpf; Nfhapyhf;Fk; Kiw gy;ytu;>

Kw;fhyg; ghz;bau; fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;jpUf;fpwJ. khky;yGuj;jpy; cs;s Ie;J

,ujq;fSk; fOF kiyapy; cs;s ntl;Lthd; NfhapYk; mtu;fsJ

gilg;GfshFk;.

‘fw;fis xd;NwhL xd;whf mLf;fp mikf;Fk; Nfhapw;gzp gy;ytu;>

Kw;fhyg; ghz;bau; fhye;njhl;L Vw;gl;L ,d;W tiu njhlu;e;J epytp

tUfpwJ.1” gy;ytu; fhyj;Jf; Nfhapy;fshf khky;yGuj;Jf; flw;fiuf;

NfhapiyAk; fhQ;rpGuj;Jf; ifyha ehju; NfhapiyAk;> Kw;fhyg; ghz;bau;

187
fhyj;jjhf jpUg;Gj;Jhu; jpUj;jspehju; Nfhapy;> jpUf;Nfhl;bA+u; nrskpa

ehuhazg; ngUkhs; NfhapiyAk; Nrhou; fhyj;Jr; rpwe;jitfshf

ehu;j;jhkiy tprahya NrhoPr;Ruk;> jQ;ir ,uhruhNrr;Ruk; vd;Dk;

jQ;irg; ngUTilahu; Nfhapy;> fq;if nfhz;l NrhoGuj;Jf; fq;if

nfhz;l NrhoPr;Ruk;> jhuhRuk; IuhtNjRtuu; Nfhapy;> jpupGtdk; jpupGtd

tPNur;Ruk; Kjyhdtw;iwf; $wyhk;.

,f;fiyapd; tsu;r;rpiaj;jhd; gpw;fhyg; ghz;bau;> tpraefu

kd;du;fs;> ehaf;fu;fs; fhyq;fspy; fhzKbfpwJ. Filtiu> fw;wspfspd;

Jhz; mikg;G tbtk;> fiyr;rpwg;G Mfpatw;wpy; Vw;gl;l khw;wk;> tsu;r;rp

Mfpatw;iwf; fhZjy; fl;llf; NfhapyhFk;. Nfhapw; fl;ll mikg;gpy;

Jhz;fSk; kz;lgq;fSk; xd;iwnahd;W rhu;e;Nj mikfpd;wd.

Jhz;fspd; mikg;G Kiw Filtiu mikg;gpypUe;J khWgl;l

tbtikg;Gk;> tiffSk; ,lk; ngwj; njhlq;fp> Nfhapw; fl;llf; fiyapy;

Vw;gl;l khw;wq;fNs ,j;Jhz; mikg;G Kiwapy; khw;wq;fs; Vw;gl

mbg;gilf; fhuzq;fshf mike;jd.

kz;lgq;fs; vd;gd myq;fhuj; Jhz;fisf; nfhz;lit.

Jhz;fshy; mikfpd;w rpwg;Gila kz;lgq;fis epWTk; gzp

Nkw;nfhz;likahy; Jhz;fspd; mikg;gpYk; Njhw;wj;jpYk; gy;NtW

khw;wq;fisg; ngw;wd.

fl;llf; Nfhapy; fl;llf; fiyapy; nja;tj;jpUTUtq;fis

mikf;Fk; Kiwia khlf;Fopfs;> Rtu;gg

; Fjpfs;> tpkhdq;fs;> NfhGuq;fs;

Kjypa ,lq;fspy; rpwg;ghff; fhzKbfpwJ.

188
 kz;lgj;jpy; Jhz;fspd; kPJ rpw;gq;fs; nrJf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. Nfhapy;

fl;llf; fiyapy; ,lk;ngWk; rpw;gq;fSk; myq;fhu tbtq;fSk; rkaj;

jj;Jtf; fUj;JfSld; njhlu;G ngw;W mike;Js;sd.

Kw;fhyg; ghz;bau; fhyj; Jhz;fspy; nja;tj; jpUTUtq;fs;

mikf;fg;gltpy;iy. Nfhapy;fs;> tpkhdk;> ,ilf;fl;L> Kd;kz;lgk; vd;w

ghzpapy; Kw;fhyg; ghz;bau; fiyg;ghzp mike;jJ. Kw;fhyg; ghz;bau;

fhyf; Nfhapy;fisf; Filtiuf; Nfhapy;fs;> xw;iwf; fw;Nfhapy;fs;>

fl;llf; Nfhapy;fs; vd;W %d;W tifahfg; gpupf;fyhk;. ,tw;iwNa

Filtpj;j Nfhapy;fs;> nrJf;Ftpj;j Nfhapy;fs;> fl;Ltpj;j Nfhapy;fs;

vdTk; $wyhk;.

Kw;fhyg; ghz;bau;fs; kiyiaf; Filtpj;J kz;lgf; Nfhapy;fs;

mikj;jNjhld;wp Fd;Wfisr; nrJf;fpf; Nfhapy;fshfTk;

mikj;Js;sdu;. gy;ytu;fhyf; fl;llf; Nfhapy;fspy; kpfTk; njhd;ikahf

vQ;rpAs;sJ fhQ;rpGuj;jpw;F mUfpy; cs;s $uk; vd;w ,lj;jpy;

cs;sjhFk;. guNkRtutu;kDf;Fg; gpwF mtd; kfd; ,uhrrpk;kd;

fhyj;jpy; jhd; rpwe;j fl;llf; Nfhapy;fs; vLg;gpf;fg;gl;ld. ,td; vLj;j

Nfhapy;fs; fhQ;rpGuk;> khky;yGuk;> gdkiy Mfpa ,lq;fspy;

vQ;rpAs;sd. khky;yGuj;jpy; flw;fiuNahuj;jpy; cs;s flw;fiuf; Nfhapy;

cyfg; Gfo; tha;e;jJ.

gy;ytu;fs; khky;yGuj;jpy; rpwe;j xw;iwf; fw;Nfhapy;fisr; nrJf;fp

mikj;Js;sdu;. mNjNghd;W Kw;fhyg; ghz;bau;fSk; xNu xU xw;iwf;

fw;Nfhapiyj; Njhw;Wtpj;Js;sdu;. mf;Nfhapy; fOFkiy vd;Dkplj;jpy;

189
cs;s ‘ntl;Lthd;” NfhapyhFk;. gy;ytu;fs; xU rpW Fd;W KOtijAk;

nrJf;fp mijNa Nfhapyhf mikj;jdu;. Mdhy; Kw;fhyg; ghz;bau;fs;

xU kiyapd; xU gFjpia kl;Lk; nrJf;fpj; jdpj;jhf;fp mjpy; Nfhapiyr;

nrJf;fpapUf;fpd;wdu;. ,jpy; vopy;kpF rpw;gq;fSk; cs;sd.

vy;Nyhuhtpy; cs;s ifyhr ehju; NfhapYk; ,JNghyr;

nrJf;fg;gl;lJ. ,jd; mofpdhYk; mikg;gpdhYk; ntl;Lthd;

Nfhapiyj; ‘njd;df vy;Nyhuh” vd;W miog;gu;. nrl;behl;Lg; gFjpapy;

Kw;fhyg; ghz;bau; fl;llf; Nfhapy;fs;; Fwpg;gpl;Lf; $Wkstpw;F

jpUg;Gj;Jhu;>jpUf;Nfhl;bA+u; Mfpa jpUf;Nfhapy;fisf; $wyhk;.

fw;wsp:

rq;f fhyj;jpy; vOg;gg;ngw;w flTsu; Nfhl;lq;fs; kuj;jpdhy;

mikf;fg; ngw;wit. kuf;fl;llq;fs; ntapyhYk; kioahYk; tpiutpy;

gOJgl;LtpLtij mwpe;J> kuj;jpd; Nky; nrg;Gj; jfLfis Nta;tJ

gz;ilf; fhyj;Jg; gof;fkhFk;.

kuf; fl;llk; vspjpy; jPg;gw;wpf; nfhs;Sk;. vdNt gpw;fhyj;jpy;

nrq;fy;ypdhYk;> Rz;zhk;gpdhYk; Nfhapy;fisf; fl;lj;

njhlq;fpdhu;fs;. nrq;fw;fl;llq;fs; ,UEhW Ke;EhW Mz;LfNs

gOjpy;yhky; epd;wd. fhy tsu;r;rpapy; Nfhapy; fl;ll mikg;gpy; ngupa

kiyfis> ghiwfisf; File;J ‘Fiff;Nfhapy;fs;” cUthf;fk; ngw;wd.

ghiwfSk; kiyfSk; ,ay;ghf ,Uf;Fk; ,lq;fisj; Njbr; nrd;W

Nfhapy;fs; mikg;gij tpLj;J> ghiwfisr; rpWrpW fw;fshf cilj;J

Vw;fdNt kuk;> nrq;fy;yhy; cUthfp topghl;Lj; jpUj;jyq;fshf

190
tbtq;nfhz;Ls;s Nfhapy;fs; fw;Nfhapy;fshf khw;wp mikf;fg; ngw;wd.

fUq;fw;fis xd;wpd; Nky; xd;whf mLf;fpf; fl;lg; ngw;wd.

,f;Nfhapy;fisf; ‘fw;wsp” vd kf;fs; mioj;jdu;.jsp vd;why; Nfhapy;

fy;+ jsp fw;wsp Mapw;W. ,j;jifa fw;wspf; Nfhapy;fs; gy jkpofj;jpy;

Cu;NjhWk; cUthfp epw;gij ,g;NghJk; fhzKbfpwJ.

jpUg;Gj;Jhu; jpUj;jsp:

jpUj;jsp vd;why; jpUf;Nfhapy; vdg; nghUs; ngWk;. jkpofk;

vq;FKs;s Nfhapy;fs; midj;ijAk; jpUj;jspfs; vd;Nw Fwpg;gplyhk;.

Mdhy; jkpo;ehl;by; cs;s NtW ve;jj; jpUf;NfhapYk; jpUj;jsp vd;W

miof;fg;gLtjpy;iy. ‘jpUg;Gj;Jhupy; mike;Js;s jpUf;Nfhapy; kl;LNk

‘jpUj;jsp” vdf; Fwpg;gplg;ngWfpwJ.2” jkpo;ehl;bYs;s rpy

jpUf;Nfhapy;fis ,yf;fpaq;fs; jpUj;jsp vdf; Fwpg;gpl;Lf; $wpDk;>

tof;fpy; kf;fspd; thu;j;ijapy; mitfs; jpUj;jsp vd toq;fg;

ngWtjpy;iy. jpUg;Gj;Jhu; jpUNfhapy;> ,yf;fpaq;fspy; kl;Lkpd;wp

,ay;ghf kf;fspd; Ngr;R tof;fpYk; jpUj;jsp vd;Nw $wg;gl;L tUfpwJ.

%u;j;jp> jPu;j;jk;> jyk; Mfpa %d;WNk jpUj;jspNahL ,izj;Jr;

rpwg;gpj;Jf; $wg;ngWfpd;wd. %u;j;jpapd; jpUehkk; jpUj;jspehju;.

jPu;j;jj;jpd; jpUg;ngah; =jsp. jyf;NfhapNyh jpUj;jsp vd tpsf;fk;

ngw;Ws;sJ. Mf> jpUg;Gj;Jhu; Myaj;jpw;Nf nrhe;jkhfpAs;s nrhy;yhf

‘jpUj;jsp” vd;Dk; nrhy; tpsq;fp epw;fpwJ.

Kw;fhyg;ghz;ba kd;du; ,uz;lhk; tuFzd; Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy;

nghwpf;fg; ngw;wjhff; fUjg;ngWfpd;w ,q;Fs;s fy;ntl;by;

191
,j;jpUf;Nfhapy; ‘jpUg;Gj;Jhu; jpUf;fw;wsp” vdf; Fwpg;gplg; ngw;wJ.

,uz;lhk; tuFz ghz;badpd; Ml;rpf; fhyk; fp.gp.vl;lhk;

Ehw;whz;nldf; fzf;fplg; ngw;Ws;sJ. vdNt> ,j;jpUf;Nfhapy; vl;lhk;

Ehw;whz;Lf;F Kd;Ng fw;wspahf vLf;fg; ngw;Ws;snjd mwpaKbfpwJ.

tuFz ghz;bad; fhyj;ijr; Nru;e;j fy;ntl;Lfs; ,uz;L> jdpf;fw;fspy;

,q;F fhzg;gLfpwJ. mitfspy; ‘=jsp” ‘jpUj;jsp” vd;Wk;

,j;jpUf;Nfhapy; Fwpg;gplg; ngWfpd;wd.

kz;zhy; cUthf;fg; ngw;wit kz;jsp vd;Wk; fy;ypy;

cUthfpaij fw;wsp vd;Wk; miog;gJ tof;fkhf ,Ue;J te;jJ.

jpUg;Gj;Jhu; fw;wspr; rpwg;gpw;F jpU milnkhop Mfp jpUf;fw;wsp vd

miof;fg; ngw;W jpUj;jspahf kUtp gpd;du; tlnkhopapy; ‘=jsp” Mfp

cs;sijAk; mwpa KbfpwJ.

gy;ytu;fSila fw;wspfspNyNa cau; rpwg;Gk;> cd;dj vopYk;

nfhz;lJ fhQ;rp ifyhrehju; Myak;> md;W cUthf;fk; nfhz;l

fw;Nfhapy;fspNyNa kpfngupa MyaKkhff; fUjg;gLfpwJ. ,jw;Fg;

‘ngupa fw;wsp” vd;w ngaUz;L ‘fhyj;ijf; fUj;jpy; nfhz;L vz;zpg;

ghu;f;fpd;w NghJ Kw;fhyg; ghz;bau;fs; cUthf;fpa fw;wspfspNyNa

jpUg;Gj;Jhu;f; fw;wsp Kjd; Kjyhf cUthf;fk; ngw;wpUf;f Ntz;Lk;3 “

vdNt Kjd;ikr; rpwg;Gf; fUjp ,jidj; ‘jpUf;fw;wsp” vdg;

Nghw;wpapUf;f Ntz;Lk; vdj; njupfpwJ.

‘jpUf;fw;wsp” tof;fpy; ‘jpUj;jsp” vdg; Gfo; ngw;wpUe;jjhy; mg;gu;

Rthkpfs; jpUg;Gj;Jhu;j; jpUj;jspahd; fhz;! mtd; vd; rpe;ijahNd!

192
vdg; Nghw;wpg; ghb> jkJ jpUg;gjpfj;jpd; jpUtUshy; Ntz;bAs;shu;.

vOe;jUspAs;s flTsiuf; nfhz;Nl cUthf;fk; nfhz;l jpUf;Nfhapy;

miof;fg;ngWtJ ,ay;G. ,j;jifa ,ay;Gjhd; jkpofj;jpd;

ngUk;ghd;ikahd jpUf;Nfhapy;fspy; tof;fkhf ,Ue;J tUfpwJ.

Nfhapy; ‘jpUj;jsp” vdg; Ngrg; ngw;W> tPw;wpUf;Fk; %u;j;jp ‘jpUj;jsp

ehju;” ‘jpUj;jspahd;” vd miof;fg; ngw;Ws;shu;. ,j;jifa ,ay;Gk;

jpUg;Gj;Jhu; jpUj;jspf;Fj; jdpj;jd;ikahdNjhu; Vw;wk; mspj;jpUg;gijj;

njspthf fhzKbfpwJ.

jpUg;Gj;Jhu; fl;llf; Nfhapy; mikg;G:

jpUg;Gj;Jhu; jpUj;jspf; fUtiw kl;Lkpd;wp> tpkhdKk; fy;yhy;

cUthfpAs;s mikg;G Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;. mj;Jld; %d;W jsq;fisf;

nfhz;l ,e;j tpkhdj;jpd; fpuPlKk;> rpfuKk; rJutbtkhd ehfu

mikg;Gg; ngw;Ws;sJ. jkpo;ehl;Lf; Nfhapy;fspy; mjpfk; ,lk; ngw;wpuhj

ehfu mikg;G ,q;Nf ifahsg;gl;bUf;Fk; rpwg;Gj; jd;ikAk;

Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;.

ghuj ehl;Lf; fl;llf; fiyia %d;W ngUk; gpupthfg; gpupf;fyhk;.

mit ehfuk;> Ntruk;> jpuhtplk;. mb Kjy; mb tiuapy; ehd;F

gl;ilahfr; rJukhf mikf;Fk; fiyg;ghzp> eUkij Mw;Wf;F tlf;Nf>

tl ghujj;jpy; gpugykhdJ. ,jid ‘ehfuk;” vdf; $Wfpd;wdu;. tl;l

tbtkhf my;yJ ePz;l miutl;l tbtkhfj; jiu> cly; tpkhd

mikg;Gfis cUthf;Fk; fiyg;ghzp ‘Ntruk;” vd miof;fg;ngWfpwJ.

tlf;Nf fpU\;zhejp Kjy; njw;Nf fd;dpahFkup tiuapy; gpd;gw;wg; ngw;w

193
fiyg;ghzpiaj; ‘jpuhtplk;” vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdu.; ,k;%d;W tpjkhd

fiyg;ghzpfSk; jpUg;Gj;Jhu; jpUf;Nfhapypy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sik> Kw;fhyg;

ghz;baupd; fiyg;ghzpia ntspg;gLj;jp epw;fpd;wd..

Kjy; jpUr;Rw;wpd; njw;fpYs;s Njt Nfhl;lj;jpd; Kd;gf;fj;jpy;

jl;rpzh %u;j;jp fhl;rp jUfpd;wdu;. Kd;G NfhKfj;jpw;F mUfpypUe;J

Ju;f;ifia> rw;W njw;fpy; js;sp itj;Jj; jdp Myakhf

mz;ikf;fhyj;jpy; mikj;Js;sdu;. tlNkw;F %iyapy; mUs; ghypf;f

mfj;jpaypq;fKk;;. tlf;fpy; rz;bNfRtuUk; fhl;rpaspf;fpd;wdu;.

fUtiwapd; njw;fpy;> jpUr;Rw;W khspifapy; rg;jkhju;fSk;

mijaLj;J N[\;lh Njtpapd; jpUTUtKk; cs;sd. rg;j khju;fSf;F

Kd;Dk; gpd;Dk; tPzhjuu;> tpehafu; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sdu;. mgpuhkp>

kNf];tup> ,e;jpuhzp> it\;ztp> tuhfp> nfskhup> rhKz;lh vd;w

rg;jkhju; tupirg;gLj;jp itf;fg; ngw;Ws;sdu;.

khju;fs; midtUk; khu;Gf; fr;R mzpe;Js;sdu;. ,lJ fhiy

kbj;J tyJ fhiyj; njhq;ftpl;L mku;e;Js;sdu;.

fUtiwf;F tlf;fpYs;s jpUr;Rw;W khspifapy; tpehafu;> kpoiy

<ru;> jpUkiwf; fhl;L <ru; fhl;rp jUfpd;wdu;. Kjy; jpUr;Rw;wpd;

thapiyAk; ,uz;lhk; jpUr;Rw;wpd; thapiyAk; ,izf;Fk; kz;lgj;jpy;

etfpufq;fs; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd.

194
 ,iw newpapy; <LghL nfhz;L> jq;fs; mupa Neuq;fisj; jpUg;gzp

Mf;fj;jpw;nfd mu;g;gzpj;Jr; nraw;fupa nray;fshw;wpa khngUk;

kd;du;fspd; fiyg;gzp Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;.

Rq;ffhyj;jpy; jpUg;Gj;Jhu; Myak; nrq;fy; kuf;fl;llkhfNt

,Ue;jpUg;gjw;fhd Mjhuq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. fp.gp.Mwhk;

Ehw;whz;bd; Kw;gFjpapy; Myak; ‘fw;wsp” ahff; fl;lg;gl;L>

Kw;fhyg;ghz;ba kd;du;fs; cUthf;fpa Kjy; fw;wsp vDk; jdpr;rpwg;Gk;

ngw;W ‘Xq;FNfhapy;” vd miof;fg; ngw;Ws;sJ.

fUtiw kl;Lkpd;wp tpkhdKk; fy;yhy; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

fUtiwf;Fs; jpUkQ;rdj; jPu;j;jj;ij epug;gp itf;f> xU fy;njhl;bAk;

fhzg;gLfpwJ.

fl;llk; vOg;Gtjpy; Mjhug; gFjpfshf cs;sit mjpl;lhdk; (gPlk;)

Rtu;(fhy;) gpu];juk; ($iu) MfpaitahFk;. ,e;j mq;fq;fis mb> fhy;>

Njhs;> fOj;J> jiy> Kb vd kdpj cWg;GfSld; ctkpj;Jf;

$wg;gLfpwJ.

,j;jifa mikg;GKiw gpd;gw;wg; ngw;w fUtiwapd; epiy kfu

Njhuzq;fshy; myq;fupf;ff;fl;Ls;sJ. fUtiwapd; mu;j;j kz;lg

thapypd; ,UGwKk; Jthu ghyfu; rpw;gq;fs; cs;sd. mu;j;j kz;lgj;jpd;

ntspg;Gw thapy; kfu Njhuzq;fshy; myq;fupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

$iug; gFjpapd; nfhLq;ifapy; $Lfs; mikf;fg;ngw;W>

vopyhu;e;j rpwpa rpw;gq;fs; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sd. fPNo G+jtup

195
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. fUtiwAk;> mu;j;j kz;lgKk; Kjd; Kjypy;

Nfhapiy vLg;gpj;j fhyj;jpy; cUthf;fk; ngw;wpUf;f Ntz;Lk;>

vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. fUtiwAk; mu;j;j

kz;lgKk; fpof;F Nehf;fp vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjpl;lhdg;gFjp [fjp>

Kg;gl;ilf; FKjk;> fz;lk;> fNghjk;> Nghjpif Mfpait nfhz;L

tpsq;Ffpd;wd. Rtu;g; gFjp gy fhy; tiffisAk;>

NjtNfhl;lq;fisAk; nfhz;L mikf;fg; ngw;Ws;sJ. ‘Kw;fhyg;

ghz;bau; fhyf; fl;ll mikg;gpy; Njt Nfhl;lq;fspy; rpw;gq;fis

mikg;gjpy;iy. jpUj;jspapd; fUtiwj; Njt Nfhl;lq;fspYk;

rpw;gq;fs; ,lk;ngwtpy;iy”4 Njt Nfhl;lq;fspd; NkYs;s kfu

Njhuzq;fs; kpFe;j tdg;Gf; nfhz;litahff; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

Ntiyg;ghLfs; tpaf;f itf;fpd;wd. eurpk;kUk;> itFz;l ehjUk;

tlf;Nf gpUk;khTk; tPw;wpUg;gJ Nghy; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

Kjy; jpUr;Rw;wpy; vz;jpirg; ghyu;fSf;fhd gypgPlq;fs; ,lk;

ngw;Ws;sd. njw;fpYs;s Njt Nfhl;lj;jpd; Kd;> jl;rpzh%u;j;jpapd;

jpUNkdp epiyngw;Ws;sJ. jl;rpzh%u;j;jpapd; fUtiwf;F Kd;ghfr;

rpwpa kz;lgk; cs;sJ.

Kjy; jpUr;Rw;wpd; Nkw;fpy; jytpUl;rkhd nfhd;iw kuk;

mike;Js;sJ. tlNkw;F %iyapy; mfj;jpaypq;fu; NfhapYk;> tlf;fpy;

rz;bNfRtuu; NfhapYk; mike;Js;sd. jpUr;Rw;Wg; gpufhu khspif

cs;sJ. gpufhu khspifapd; ehd;F %iyfspYk; kz;lgq;fs;

,Ue;jpUf;fpd;wd. fUtiwapd; njw;fpy; gpufhu khspifapy; rg;jkhju;;

cUtq;fSk;> mijaLj;J N[\;lh Njtpapd; jpUTUtKk; cs;sd.

196
 fUtiwf;F tlf;fpYs;s gpufhu khspifapy; kpoiy <ru;>

jpUkiwf;fhl;L <ru;> tpehafu; MfpNahuJ Myaq;fs; cs;sd. fp.gp.9

Mk; Ehw;whz;ilr; Nru;e;jnjdf; $wg;gLfpd;w nrskpa ehuhazg;

ngUkhspd; mku;e;j jpUNkdp tlGwj;Jg; gpufhu khspifapd; jpU

kz;lgj;jpy; tPw;wpUf;fpwJ. ngUkhspd; ,UGwKk; gpUF KdptUk;

G+NjtpAk; cs;sdu;.

Kjw;gpufhuj;jpd; tlfpof;F %iyapy; vLg;Gk;> vopYk; nfhz;l

khkz;lgk; fiyr;nrwpTld; jpfo;fpwJ. kz;lgj; Jhz;fSk;>

nfhLq;ifg; gFjpfSk; fiy EZf;fj;Jld; tpsq;Ffpd;wd.

fy;ntl;Lfspy; ‘fhypq;fuhad; kz;lgk;” vdf; Fwpg;gplg;ngWk;

kz;lgk; ,Jthfj;jhd; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vdf; fUjg;gLfpwJ.

,k;kz;lgj;jpy;jhd; njw;F Nehf;fpf; ‘nfsupjhz;ltk;” epfo;j;jpf;

nfhz;bUf;Fk; eluh[g; ngUkhdpd; jpUNkdp ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ.

Mly; ty;yhd; re;epjpf;F Kd;Ds;s fhypq;fuhad; kz;lgj;jpd;

Jhz;fs; mupa rpw;g Ntiyg;ghLfs; mike;J fhzg;gLfpwJ.

,k;kz;lgj;jpd; nfhLq;iffs; kuj;jhy; Mdit NghyNt fy;ypy;

nrJf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

,uz;lhk; jpUr;Rw;wpd; thapy; vjpNu ee;jpAk;> nfhbf;fk;gKk;>

gyp gPlKk; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sd. Kjy; jpUr;Rw;W thapiyAk;> ,uz;lhk;

jpUr;Rw;W thapiyAk; ,izj;Js;s kz;lgj;jpy; etf;fpufq;fs;

mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

197
 ,uz;lhk; jpUr;Rw;wpd; njw;fpy; jpUklg; gs;spAk;>

mjidaLj;J Rg;gpukzpa Rthkp re;epjpAk; cs;sd. KUfg;

ngUkhd; tlf;Nf ghu;j;J epw;Fk; jpUf;NfhyKk; fhz;gjw;fpdpJ.

mUzfpupg; ngUkhdpd; jpUg;Gfo; ngw;W> ,U NjtpaUld;

tPw;wpUf;Fk; KUfg; ngUkhd; Myak; mz;ikapy; GJg;gpf;fg;gl;lJ.

,uz;lhtJ gpufhuj;jpd; tlf;fpy; igut%u;j;jp Myak; Nkw;F

Nehf;fp mike;Js;sJ. Myaf; fUtiw> mu;j;j kz;lgk;> Kd;

kz;lgk; Mfpa mikg;GfSld; mike;Js;sd. Kd; kz;lgj;ij

mLj;Js;s khkz;lgk; kUJ rNfhjuu;fshy; fl;lg;gl;Ls;sjhy;.

kz;lgj; Jhz;fspy; kUJ ghz;bau; ,UtUk; igutiu tzq;Fk;

jpUf;Nfhyj;jpy; fhzg;ngWfpd;wdu;. igutiu Mya tpkhdk;> gPlk;>

mjpl;lhdk;> Rtu;> $iu> fPuPlk;> rpfuk;> ];Jhgp Mfpa midj;J

mk;rq;fisAk; ngw;Wj; jpfo;fpwJ. tpkhdk; nrq;fy;ypdhy;

mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. tpkhdj;jpd; Nky; epiyapy; igutu;>

,lgthfddhu; ahidKff;flTs; Mfpa fiyr; rpw;gq;fSk;> fPo;

epiyapy; fhk tag;gl;l ngz;fspd; epiyiar; rpj;jpupf;Fk; Rijr;

rpw;gq;fSk; mike;Js;sd.

igutu; Myaj;jpw;Fg; gpd;Gwk; fpof;F Nehf;fp ,Uf;Fk;

ehNf];tuu; Nfhapypd; mikg;G> igutu; Mya mikg;igg; NghyNt

fhzg;gLfpwJ. Fk;g gQ;ruq;fSk;> Fk;ggQ;ruq;fs; kPJ mike;Js;s

kfuNjhuzq;fSk; fl;blf;fiy jhd; rpwg;gpw;F vLj;Jf;fhl;lhff;

jpfo;fpd;wd.

198
 ,uz;lhk; jpUr;Rw;wpd; tlf;fpy;> ehNf];tuu; Nfhapiy xl;b

%d;whk; jpUr;Rw;Wf;Ff; nry;y xU thapy; cs;sJ.

%d;whk; gpufhuj;jpy; Eio thapy; ‘ek;gpahz;lhu; ek;gp thapy;”

vd miof;fg; ngw;W tUfpd;wJ. Eio thapypy; tyJ Gwk;

jpUf;fy;ahz kz;lgKk;> ,lJ Gwk; njd; fpof;F %iyapy; ‘ahidf;

fl;L’k; cs;sd.

Kw;fhyg; ghz;bau;fs; fhyj;jpy; fl;lg;gl;l jpUg;Gj;Jhu;

jpUj;jspapy; mUs;ghypj;J tUk; ngUkhdplj;Jk; Mz;l gps;isahu;

igut %u;j;jpaplj;Jk; jtj;jpU mbfshu; kpFe;j <LghL

nfhz;ltu;fs;. ghly;ngw;w ghz;bg; gjpdhd;fpy; xd;whfTk;> Mly;

ngw;w jpUj;jyq;fs; Mwpy; xd;whfTk;> Nfhapy; mikg;gpy; jdpj;

jd;ikAk;> rpw;g Ntiyg;ghl;by; jdpg; ngUikAk; cilaJ

jpUg;Gj;Jhu; jpUj;jspahFk;.

jpUf;Nfhl;bA+u; fl;llf; Nfhapy;

Kd;Diu:

rptfq;if khtl;lk; jpUg;Gj;JhupypUe;J 8 fP.kP. njhiytpy;

jpUf;Nfhl;bA+u; cs;sJ. nrskpaehuhazg; ngUkhSf;fhf fp.gp. 9 k;

Ehw;whz;by; Kw;fhyg;ghz;bauhd =khwd; =ty;ygd; fhyj;jpy;

fl;llf; Nfhapyhff; fl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. gpd;G te;j kd;du;fs;

jpUf;Nfhapy; tpupthf;fg; gzpapy; <Lgl;ldu;. itztg; ngupahu;

,uhkhD[u; fhyj;jpw;F Kd;gpUe;Nj ,j;jpUf;Nfhapy; rpwe;J

199
tpsq;fpapUf;fpd;wJ. ,J Mo;thu;fspd; ghly; ngw;w jykhf cs;sJ.

jpUf;Nfhl;bA+u; Nfhapypd; GfOf;Ff; fhuzk; ,f;Nfhapypy; cs;s

m\;lhq;f tpkhdk; MFk;. ,e;j m\;lhq;f tpkhdk; ehd;F

jsq;fisf; nfhz;L mikf;fg;ngw;Ws;sJ.

fl;ll mikg;G:

‘fUtiw> mu;j;j kz;;lgk;> Kd;kz;lgk; nfhz;L mike;Js;s

%ytu;”5 ‘fl;Lkhdj;jpy; Nky;jsk; Nfhztl;lkhf ngupa kuq;fisf;

nfhz;L fapw;whNyNa mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J mf;fhyf;

fl;Lkhdf; fiyf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf tpsq;FfpwJ”6.

m\;lhq;f jpt;a tpkhdk;:

108 Gz;zpa jyq;fspy; 96 tif tpkhd mikg;Gfspy; rpw;g

rhj;jpu tpjpg;gb rJuk;> vz;Nfhzk;> tpUj;jk; Kjypa mikg;Gfspy;

xd;W Kjy; %d;W jsq;fSf;F tpkhdmoFld; tpkhdk; miktJk;.

nrt;tf tbtpy; NfhGu mikg;gpYk; ahidapd;gpd;ghf tbtq;fspYk;

rkkhf mikg;gJk; ,ay;ghFk;;.

,it tpkhd fl;Lkhdk; kl;Lky;yhJ> Fzk;> %ytu;>

Mjpl;;lhd Njtijfs; Mfpatw;why; jpUehkj;Jld; jpfo;fpd;wd.

jpUf;Nfhl;bA+u; Gz;zpa jyj;jpy; gukgjj;jpy; mike;Js;s tpkhd

mikg;Ng m\;lhq;f jpt;a tpkhdkhf mike;Js;sJ

Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;.

200
 cghdk; Kjyhf mjpl;lhdk;> FKjk;> gj;kk>; [fjp> fz;lk;

ftpo;e;jgj;kk;> nfhLq;if> $u;ktupkhdk;> tpahsk;> rf;fuj;jpd;

Kbthf kfu tupkhdk; tiu> %ytu;; Mfpatw;wpd; midj;Jf;Fk;

nghUj;jkhf mikAk; fUtiwf;F Nkyhf tpkhdk; mikg;gJ

tof;fk;.

jpUf;Nfhl;bA+u; m\;lhq;f jpt;a tpkhdk;> fPo;j;jsk; ePq;fyhf

Nky; jsk; %d;W mLf;Ffisf; nfhz;ljhf xt;nthd;Wk;

fPo;j;jsj;jpypUe;J rJu mikg;gpy; msT FWfpAk; fPo;j;jsk; fUtiw

mikg;ghYk;> mjd;Nkyhf Kjy;jsk; radj; jpUf;Nfhyj;Jld;

%ytu; vOe;jUSk; fUtiwahfTk;> ,uz;lhk; jsk; epd;w Nfhyj;jpy;

cNge;jpu ehuhazu; vOe;jUSk; fUtiwahfTk;> %d;whk; jsk;

mku;e;j jpUf;Nfhyj;jpy; gukgjehju; fhl;rp jUk; epiyapYk;> mjd;

cr;rpapd; vz;Nfhz mbj;jsj;jpy; tpUj;j tbtkhf jq;ffyrk;

jpfo;fpwJ. ,J jiu kl;lj;jpypUe;J 96 mb cauj;jpy;

mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

xt;nthU jsKk; fUtiwia mLj;J xU jpU cz;zhsp

gpufhuKk;> tpkhdj;jpd; ntspapy; xU Rw;Wg; gj;jpAk; nfhz;L ehd;F

gpufhuKk; ehd;F tpkhd Rw;Wg;gj;jpAk; xt;nthU jsKk; jpirf;F

,uz;lhf vl;Lf;fu;zf; $LfSld; Kg;gj;jhW fu;z $lq;fSk;

xt;nthU jsj;jpw;Fk; tlf;F> njw;F gf;fq;fspy; jsj;jpw;F

,uz;lhf vl;L khlq;fSk; fPo;j;jsj;jpypUe;J Kjy; jsk; tiu

nrd;W tUtjw;F tlf;Fj; jpirapy; xU topAk; njw;Fj; jpirapy; xU

topAkhf mike;Js;sd.

201
,iwr; rpw;gq;fs;:

m\;lhq;f tpkhdj;jpd; fPo;j; jpirapy; Kjy; jsj;jpy; nyl;Rkp

tuhf %u;j;jp> m\;l rpk;kq;fs;> fUlho;thu;;. ,uz;lhk; jsj;jpy;

kfhtp\;Z> igutu;> tpehafu;> ehfehju; fhspq;f eu;j;jdu; fN[e;jpuh

Nkhl;rk;> Mfpa ,iwr; rpw;gq;fs; Kw;fhyg;ghz;bau;fspd; fhyr;

RtLfisg; giwrhw;wpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. %d;whk; jsj;jpy;

nyl;Rkp> Mly; fpU\;zu;> jz;lhAjghzpapd; rkkhd tbtq;fshf

Rijr; rpw;gq;fs; mike;Js;sd.

m\;lhq;f tpkhdj;jpd; njd;jpirapy; Kjy; jsj;jpy; nyl;Rkp

eurpk;ku;> m\;lrpk;kq;fs;> fUlu;> ,uz;lhk; jsj;jpy; Myku;

nry;tzhd njl;rpzh%u;j;jp> jhUfhtd fhl;rpfs;> gpr;rhldu;>

eluhru;> mNfhu tPugj;jpuu;> rf;fuj;jho;thu;> Rg;gpukzpau; %d;whk;

jsj;jpy; cgehr;rpahu;fSld; kfhtp\;Z ,uz;aAj;jk>; ,uz;a

tij> mDkd; rPjhuhku; nyl;Rkzu;. m\;lhq;f tpkhdj;jpd; Nkw;Fj;

jpirapy; nyl;Rkp rNkj kfhtp\;Z> m\;lrpk;kk;> fUlho;thu;>

,uz;lhk; jsj;jpy; Vfhe;j kfhtp\;Z> %d;whk; jsj;jpy; gj;J

mtjhuq;fs;> Jthughyfu;fs;.

jpUm\;lhq;f tpkhdj;jpd; Kjy;jsj;jpd; Nky; gFjpapy;

nfhLq;if tupkhdj;jpy; Nkw;F Nehf;fp tyJGwk; fpuPlk; jupj;j

murd; epd;w jpUf;Nfhyj;jpy; jpUf;fuq;fs; tzf;f Kj;jpiuAlDk;

mtupd; ,lJGwk; jiyglghif jupj;j epiyapy; mku;e;j Nfhyj;jpy;

202
$g;gpa fuq;fSld; mQ;ryp Kj;jpiuAld; Mr;rhupahUk; fhl;rp

jUfpd;wdu;.

‘,f;fhl;rp Kw;fhyg;ghz;bauhd ghz;bad; = ty;ygDk;

muritg; GNuhfpjUk; Mr;rhupahUk; nry;t ek;gpfSk; Nru;e;jpUf;Fk;

epiyia epidt+l;LfpwJ7” jpUcw;rt%u;j;jp fpilf;fg;ngw;w

jpUf;Nfhl;bA+u; jpt;aNjrk; mur jiyikj;jd;ikia Kd;djhfNt

Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;w mUq;fhl;rpahfNt rpj;jpupf;fgl;Ls;sd.

m\;lhq;f tpkhdj;jpd; tlf;Fj; jpirapd; Kjy; jsj;jpy;

cgaehr;rpkhu;fSld; MjpNfrtd; Fil gpbf;f kfhtp\;Z mku;e;j

jpUf;Nfhyk;. m\;lrpk;kq;fs; fUlho;thu; ,uz;lhk; jsj;jpy; gpuk;kh

igutu;> eluh[u;> uhF> NfJ> eurpk;ku;> fhspq;feu;j;jdu;> rq;F> rf;fuk;

jpUkz;> %d;whk; jsj;jpy; kPdhl;rp Re;jNu];tuu;> mu;j;j ehuP];tuu;>

gpuk;kh> tp\;Z mNfhutPugj;jpuu; Rijr; rpw;gq;fshff; fhl;rp

jUfpwhu;fs;.

jiuj;jsk;:

fpoNky; 120 mbAk; njd;tly; 120 mbAk; nfhz;l

rJutbthd kfh jsj;jpd; fpof;F Nehf;fpa fUtiw thapypy;

$j;jhLk; epiyapy; eu;j;jd fz;zd; rj;aghkh Uf;kzpAld; fhl;rp

jUfpwhu;. Njhuz thapypd; vjpNu ehd;F ahspfSld; jpUKw;wk;

mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

203
 Mly; fz;zd; tyJ jpUtbia MlYf;F ,ire;jgb Jhf;fpa

epiyapYk;> ,lJ jpUtbia gPlj;jpy; rkkhf Cd;wpAk;> tyJ

jpUf;fuk; mga jpUf;fukhfTk; ,lJ jpUf;fuk; ahidKj;jpiu

jpUf;fukhfTk; fhspq;fdpd; thiyg; gpbg;gJ NghYk; MlYf;F

,ireld cly; nespTk; Kfg;Gd;difAk; nfhz;L mUs; nra;Ak;

Njhw;wk;> ,f;fz;zNd Mo;thu;fshy; nfhz;lhlg;gLk;>

ngupaho;thuhy; ngupJk; cfe;J Nghw;wg;gLk;; ,iwtdhfr;

rpj;jupf;fg;gl;Ls;shu;.

jpUf;Nfhapy; fy;nyOj;Jfspd;gb fPioj;jpUepiy mofpa

kzthsu; re;epjp mike;Js;sJ.

Kjy;jsk;:

fUtiw Kjy; jsj;jpw;F tlf;F topahfTk; rpwg;G topahf

jpUkhkzp kz;lgk; topahfTk;> te;J juprpf;Fk;gb

mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. m\;lhq;f jpt;a tpkhdj;jpd; %ykhf

vz;topapy; cs;s %d;W gpupTfshfTk; vz;tbtkhfj; jpfOk;

epiyapy; Kjy; jsj;jpy; vOe;jUSk; %ytu; fUlho;thu; vjpu;Nrit

ju Jthu ghyfuhd n[a tp[ahs; fhty; Gupfpd;wdu;..

‘cufnky;yizahd;” ‘gz;zf kpUJrhap” vd;w

jpUehkq;fSld; ghw;fly; ehjd; njd; jpirapy; jpUj;jiyAk;;

tljpirapy; jpUg;ghjq;fSk; Nky;jpirapy; gf;fj;jpy; mku;e;J

=G+kpNjtp =Njtp jd; fztUf;Fj; jpUg;gzp nra;J nfhs;Sk;

epiyapy; fpof;Nf jpUKf kz;lyk; rhjpj;J Ie;J jiy ghk;gizg;

204
gs;spapy; jd; tyJ jpUf;fuk; cau;j;jp mgafuk; rhjpj;Jk; ,lJ fuk;

ahidKfKj;jpiuf;if tuj epiyapy; jpUtbepiy fhl;bAk;

jpUg;ghw;fly; Nahf radkhff; fhl;rp jUtJNghy;

mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,uz;lhk; jsk;:

,uz;lhk; jskhf cNge;jpu ehuhazu; re;epjpapd; gpufhuk;

fpof;fpypUe;J FWfyhfg; gbfs; Vwp gukgjehjupd; njw;Fg;

gpufhuj;ij milfpNwhk;. gpufhuk; tyk; te;jJk; gukgjehju; re;epjp

21x21 mb msT mjpl;lhdk; Kjy; kfu tupkhdk; tiuapyhd

Nfhl;lq;fSld; $ba fUtiw mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

vk;ngUkhd; gukgjehju; G+kp ePsh rNkjuhf MjpNrrd;

Filgpbf;f tPw;wpUe;j Nfhyj;jpy; rf;fuk; rq;F mga> tuj

Kj;jpiuAld; ,iwj;njhz;lu;fSf;Fj; juprdk; nra;tJ Nghy;

mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.. ,iwj;jpUNkdp rhk;gpuhzpj; ijyf; fhg;Gld;

fhl;rpaspg;gJ Nghy; tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

Nfhapy; fy;nyOj;Jfs;:

jpUf;Nfhl;bA+u; jpt;a Njr Nfh\;behjd; eurpq;fd; vdTk;

Nfusrpq;fd; vdTk; nrhf;f ehuhazd; vd;Wk; nrskpaehuhazd;

vd;Wk; khjtd; vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpwhu;.

‘Kw;fhyg; ghz;bau; fhyj;jpy; uh[uh[ghz;ba ey;Yhu;

tsehlhf ,Ue;J Nrhou;fspd; Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; vk;ngUkhdpd;

205
ngauhNyNa tsehl;bd; jiyikaplkhff; nfhz;L Nfusrpq;f

tsehL Vw;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.”8

fpof;Ff; Filtiuj; njd; Rtw;wpy; ‘Nfus rpq;f tsehl;by;

Njt];jhdk; jpUf;Nfhl;bA+u; ngupa Nfhapy; ehadhu; nrhf;f

ehuhazg; ngUkhs; vd;W kFlkpl;l fy;ntl;L

mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. kj;jpa muR njhy;ypay; Jiwapduhy;

nkhj;jk; 54 fy;ntl;Lfs; ,f;Nfhapypy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. rpyh

rhrdf; Fwpg;Gfs; vz;fs; 287> 288> 292> 298> 299> 301> 305> 306

vz;fspy; fy;nyOj;Jfs; gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd.

‘,f;fy;nyOj;Jfs; 9-k; Ehw;whz;L Kjy; 15 Mk; Ehw;whz;L

tiuapyhd Nfhapw; nra;jpfs; epte;jq;fs;> Cu;r;rig jPu;khdk;

Mfpad njuptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,q;F 9>10 Mk; Ehw;whz;Lfspy;

Kw;fhyg; ghz;bau; Ml;rp vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

‘Kw;fhyg; ghz;bau;fsJ fy;ntl;Lfshy; ,q;F ciwAk;

ngUkhid ngupaNfhapy; glhuu; vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sijf;

fhzKbfpwJ.”9

tl;nlOj;Jfs; nfhz;l gy fy;ntl;Lfs; ,lk; ngau;e;J

gpw;fhyf; fl;Lkhdq;fspy; tputp ,lk; ngw;ws;sd. Kw;fhyg; ghz;ba

kd;dd; jpupGtdr; rf;futu;j;jp =ty;yg ghz;bau; nra;jpfs;

njuptpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ‘jpUf;Nfhl;bA+u; Nfhapy; Kw;fhyg;

ghz;bau;fspd; fiyg; gilg;Gfshf fl;bak; $wp epw;fpd;wd.”10

206
jpUg;gzpfs;:

‘Kw;fhyg; ghz;bau;fs;> Nrhou;fs;> gpw;fhyg; ghz;bau;fs;

>tp[aefu kd;du;fs;> jQ;ir ehaf;fu;fs;> thdhjp uhau;fshy;

jpUg;gzpfs; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd.”11

207
njhFg;Giu:

njd;dfj;jpy; kpf mjpfkhd Filtiuf; Nfhapy;fSk;

fw;wspf;Nfhapy;fSk; Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;ld. fw;wspfspd; tsu;r;rpjhd;

fl;llf; NfhapyhFk;. jkpofj;jpy; Kw;fhyg; ghz;bau; fhyk; njhl;L

,g;ghzp ,uz;lhk; gbepiyahf tsu;e;J te;Js;sJ.

jkpofj;jpy; FiltiufSk;> fw;wspfSk; kpFjpahf ,lk;ngWk;

xU gz;ghl;Lf; fsQ;rpakhfj; jpfo;fpd;wd. fl;llf; fiyapd;

thapyhf xU ehl;bd; tuyhW> gz;ghL Mfpatw;wpd; rpwg;ig mwpa

KbAk;. jkpoff; fl;llf;fiyapy; rpwg;gplk; ngWtJ jpUf;Nfhapy;

fl;llq;fshFk;. gz;ghl;Lr; rpd;dkhf tpsq;Fk; fl;llf;

Nfhapy;fspd; Jhz;fs;> Nky;jsk; vd;gd njhd;ikahd fiy>

tuyhw;Wr; rpwg;Gld; jpfo;fpd;w gFjpahFk;.

mt;thNw jkpo;ehl;by; gy gFjpfspYk; Nfhapy;fspd;

tbtikg;G njhopy; El;gk;> fiyaikg;G gw;wpa Ma;Tfis tuyhw;W

mikg;G Kiwapy; mikj;Js;sdu;.

jdpf; Fd;Wfis cupa tifapy; ntl;b vLj;Jr; nrk;ik nra;J

fw;Nfhapy;fshfTk;> gpd; ghiwfisf; File;J Fiff;

Nfhapy;fshfTk; cUthf;fp> mLj;jtsu;r;rpg; gbahff; fw;fis

xd;wpd; Nky; xd;whf mLf;fpf; fw;wspfshf tbtk; nfhs;sr; nra;J

jpUf;Nfhapy;fis cUthf;fpatu;fs; Kw;fhyg; ghz;bau;fshtu;

jpUg;Gj;Jhu;> jpUf;Nfhl;bA+u; fl;llf;Nfhapy;fs; Kw;fhyg;

ghz;bau;fspd; fl;llf; fiyf;Fr; rpwe;j vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfshfj;

jpfo;fpd;wd.

208
Fwpg;Gfs;:

1. Nky;epiy ,uz;lhkhz;L - jkpo;ehl;Lg;ghlEhy; - nghJj;jkpo; g -

175. (jpUj;jpa gjpg;G -2007).

2. Fd;wf;Fbg; ngupa ngUkhs;: jpUg;Gj;Jhu;jpUj;jsp> g - 11.

3. Fd;wf;Fbg; ngupa ngUkhs;: jpUg;Gj;Jhu;jpUj;jsp> g - 12.

4. Fd;wf;Fbg; ngupa ngUkhs;: jpUg;Gj;Jhu;jpUj;jsp> g - 41.

5. uh[hkzp FkNurd;> jpUf;Nfhl;bA+u; jpt;aNjrk; jytuyhW> g - 6.

6. uh[hkzp FkNurd;> jpUf;Nfhl;bA+u; jpt;aNjrk; jytuyhW> g - 19.

7. uh[hkzp FkNurd;> jpUf;Nfhl;bA+u; jpt;aNjrk; jytuyhW> g - 11.

8. uh[hkzp FkNurd;> jpUf;Nfhl;bA+u; jpt;aNjrk; jytuyhW> g - 35.

9. uh[hkzp FkNurd;> jpUf;Nfhl;bA+u; jpt;aNjrk; jytuyhW> g - 36.

10. fe;jrhkp tp.jkpo;ehl;bd; jytuyhWfSk; gz;ghl;Lr;

rpd;dq;fSk;>g-321.

11. uh[hkzp FkNurd;> jpUf;Nfhl;bA+u; jpt;aNjrk; jytuyhW> g - 37.

209