7placedbtwmost ENNIA mostF PIA group

P block Group 18
o in air 1 afair

act are present basic source b air

C

Inert gases Rare gases aerogens Noble Gases

He is

Ne P

Ar Electronic configuration EFFIE gasesexceptRn

Kv Ly in

Xe
u Lg occur atmosphere
Ar is most abundant foggy

z Griff

Rn He We are found in

Radioactive in minerals likepitchblend

i Ionisation Energy or Ionization enthalpy monazite cleveite

He The main source ofHaeis

natural

Ne gas

Ar
IT'Eaxtimum in respective period

Ee
gmgdfejtgbuunedg.ee
by vol

Rn

Av Ne Kr Xe He

by wt

Civ Atomic radius Vander Waals Radius

He
atomicradius

Ne 9

Ee V
i

monoatomic nature Evidence for monoatomicstate is Edu 1.66

b specificheat

defined for exothermic process

data

Vi

Electron affinity Electron hairs enthalpy

I h te Ia OH tie Q

endothermic

He

Ne

Ar incoming e experience lessrepulsion

Kr

Xe induced dipole induceddipole

Rh

mpg B P y forces
dispersive foray
or dispersion forces

Low MP BP M

4 weakest wanderWaal force London force is present

low Othfusion low OHvaporipation

heatof fusion heat of uaborisation



6 solubility in water Due to Debye force

Infrato gas t Hµw

solubility T

B Dipole InducedDipole Interaction

dipole dipole

ease of induced polarisation T forces

because Known as

size T

kees as

CD liquification London forces operates

the
BP of He 4 2K

1 London force T lowest ht

ease of liquification T
e

sa

eµ instanteous polarisation temporary

induced dipole induceddipole

London forces

Adsorption over charcoal

Except He rest of inert gases are adsorbed on charcoal

at low temp

This technique is used for separation of inert gases

Dewar Method coconut charcoal is used

u Clathrate corge like

of Noble gases

Inert gases phenol phenol

smpounes
derivatives eagealiaz.ro

ErIg

A CDIbugiegatfinduced dipole

Guest Host clathrate compound

I

havingvacantspaces 7


Xu Interstitial compound formation S

He metal atoms

Ne
suoid1interstitidal.sit

YI x

Xe

Discovery of Inert has compound

First inert gas compound by Neil Bartlett 1962

0A w

f powerful

02 t Ptt Of Ptt Red colored

solid

9 g

oxygenyl Ptatium hexafluoride

i
e moi

µ
pozgzeo.to oHz.q uask

it

Xe g Xet te OHIE Xe 1170 KJ Mol

Xe Pt FG XI PTE Redlorangesolid

Kt have been synthesized

After this compounds of Xe

okuftmlkrfawnipnoym.ch of Ari Ne He are yet known

Among the noble gases I E Value of Xe is less It is reactive

and capable of forming a hoof compounds

Still Xe reacts only with more EN FA 0 or molecules

carrying 0 F like 0 Sets OTeFs because the more

EN 04 F can excite the stable n5np6 E C

Xecompounds

Xe Fai Xe Fu XeFf

Xe oFz Xe0zFz Xe Ost XeOth

Xe 03 Xe04

Several molecular ions such as He HEH HEH Ari

are formed under high energy condition in discharge tube

They only survive momentarility detected spectroscopically

Neutral molecule such as unstable in dischargetube

age


Compound of Xe

Sd Ground state covalency X

sp6 11 11 1L Excited state covalency

1st ES covalency 2

Xe 552 I Expanded

sunateuence
and n n a

phenomenon

or 3rd n u 6

internal

excitation more EN like F 0

can excite 4 do

d m

Fluorine Xenon Flouride

IntraEibitienomenon
a
f.o.mx 03

Xe
Sp3
Both Flourine Xenon oxyflourides
XeOg
sp3 Jst

My Sd 4 Oxygen Xe Fz XeQFz XeOzF2

5d XeOF4

SP d orbit contraction

55 I
more F N og f w

possible
by

XeFf distorted Octahedral Keepson moving

GILP

d Fed ed

XeFa square planar

sp3d2

XeFz 1 SiOz Sifu Xe t 02

I
present in glass

Preparation of Xenon Flourides Lab method

2 BP F

Xe Fz
diflouride
gp3df linear

xenon 3 LP I

Xet Fz F

ormond g XeFg GBP

Nu g Gdm 59planar

vessel Xenon tetrafluoride sp3d f up F

p
20
XeFG
monadni

50 Goatm Xenon hexafluoride

Fe

GBP Ee Fe

sp3d3y
XeFz Xefa XeFG are whitesolid ILP Fe

I Fe 1

colorless Fe

cabbed octahedral

They can be sublimed at room temperature or

and can be stored indefinitely in nickel distorted

or monel an alloy of Wi containers octahedral

Properties

of Xenon Flourides ability to fluourinate others

o

Imply I provide F

oxidising agent Fluorinating agentIFlourination

Flouride ion donor acceptor Hydrolysis of Xenon flourides

I
becomes cationic farm becomes flouroanion

agent oxidising power XeF6

strongoxidising
ez o
Fu XeFz
Xe

a Xe Fu t th Xe THF

XeFei H2 Xe c HE with the

XeF6 t Hz Xe HF

RA
OA

U Uz

I Iz

Ce parrot green

XeFz t HU act Xe HF

a violet

XeFu t KI Iz Xe 1 KF

Xetz softie Cs0a7z 26 50472 t Xe t Fz

or er

11250in w HF

ie

Flourinatingagent
ability
order for to fluorinate XeF67XeFg XeFz
uncantdorbity F

XeFz UBI Fz Xe I Cn Tsh

Utz I I

h F

XeFz t CGHg I F

ef coughs zsFzt
Colts e s seesaw

eF2 Oxidise fluorinate 6h5I

F

the hetero atom

but doesn't altak alkyl

or

aryl group

HE 25 4

t Pt XexetzsFpfp

Xe Fa


If

is
XeFz is mixed with anhydrous HF Isles reactivity

greatly y possible due to formation of Xeet

Pt 1 XeFz HF PtFoo t X e

Sss t n Sts X X e

rFz Cr
Fg Xe Gfa Xe

Mo03 t Mo Ff t Xe t 02

Moko 6 MoFG t Xe t CO

l monoxide

carbon

3 W

Flourideion donor with strong Lewis acid

a

BFz PFS AsFs sbF5 NBT

efjsifatjfjfijtj.OSFSPTFSIrfs.ru's
Xen

Iihf
fy
3

behave in similar way

x b

I reais EEsI9 eE E as

eF6 t Pt Fs gphfpfgheated

fees

sq pyramidal it

Flouride ion acceptor with Flouride ion donor

XeF6 t MF M CXeF where M Na K Rb orcs

Cmt F l

qPure

XeFG t Rbf RbHeft XeEtRbz Xe

2
Xe Et Gz xeFs

pure
GIF Fon
RIFLE
GF 673k Cs z XeFs Gz Xe Fs or 2

XeF6 et

mh z mm

F donor

XeF6 t 2N OF NO reefs Xefs

Not F


4

Hy roysis of Xenon flouride

with Hw reactivity of differ
flourides

Xefz is soluble in water but undergoes slow hydrolysis e

with alkali hydrolysis is more rabid it

XeFg Xeff reacts violently with H2O ht

XeFG undergoes K

2 2 o
stepwise hydrolysis
o

xeFz t 1420 Xe 1 HE Oz Xefz TH Xe F t H2O Oz

HzFa

4 o 6 explosive solid

Xx Fa t 4920 Xe t Yeo HE cOz Disproportionation
colorless Wa

XeF6 H2o o

F F d mid

SHI Xe Hw Xe0F4 HF F
redd

pl

Stef I XeOFa 11120 Xe0zFz Hf xeF6t HW

Xe 03 t te f

Stef is Xe0zFz t H2O 1 Hf

In

strongly alkaline medium XeF6 hydrolyses to give perxenateion

6 18 o

Xe FG OH Of Xe Xe 02 420

wong

BItf uzo perxenation

with small quantity of water partial hydrolysis occurs giving

a colorless big XeOFg xenon oxoflouride The same is

obtained when XeF6 reacts with silica glass

XeFoo t H2O small amount XeoFa t ti f

XeF6 t sick XeOfa Sita

Noli's

f
Due to such reaction XeFG can't be stored

glass container

go xe0zFz

sight

Xe0zfz t Si02 Xe z t

z Xe FG t 3 Si Oz axe 03 t 3 SiFax Le

I.TL

Note's HzXe04 xenic acic Bixenate
Xe a ion

T z

xeOaxenateion
le
 an white hygroscopicexplosive solid It reacts

Xe0
is

with

XeF6 XeOFa

Yeo XeFG Xe0Fg

i o

XeOz 1 NaOH 03 Nacelle06 420102

Xe0z is water soluble but doesn't louse However

in alkaline solution above pH 10 5 it forms

the xenate ion HXe0a

le

iii

swine

give Xe 4 perxenate ion

2 HXe0a t 20Th XeOf t Xe 102 2420 K

05g Xe's t G g O e

Perxenates are extremely strong 0A It converts

HU Uz
f

with
Imo
none 42504 they give Xeog volatile explosive

foot Bacotilz Baz e Of t Baf 2 Yet H2O1oz

BazXeF6 42504 XeOg t Basoat 1 H2O nortdox

I if

anti two

Baz 06 t 112504

Goldcone BazfxeOg

Bariumpevxenate

Reaction
of Xe0 in alkaline medium is discussed abone

d d

d92 Izu

all of
hfifilarstrokedq
in Xe03 Xe04

Bonding

Laa a

xiii

iii
is

3

Pa da bon

FormationOfa

0 Pa da bond
T bond

dny P

dyz

Pa da bond 1 a bond

Tn bond is dz2

by

dz2 P

XX c
non Bonding interaction

2
p

duty no abad form h

F t

X
xefsthfzxet.at

XeFa tou Xeff t HF

Ief FL

aiIg o


Kt

Xenon diflouride Xefz

L

I
preparation XeFz

te Iz nd
ygBza

e in exam

usac

Xe t 0212 XeFz 1 Oz

exam

hw

Xe t 0 Fz Xe Fz 1 Oz

B Properties Sunlight

Colorlesscrystalline solid

potential oxidising g fluorinating agent

mp 1242

Heating Xefz Is Xe t XeFa disproportionation

Hydrogen XeFz t Hz Is Xe t te f

xeFz t H2O Xe 1 HF t Oz

H2O
ofideation

503 Xefz 1503 Xe c Sz sFz Hydrolysis

songF

NO XeFz t NO NOF t Xe

Nitrosyl Flouride

oxidation rxm oxidising power XeF6 Xe Fu XeFz

a tell U2

XeFz 1 ZHU zHF t Xe t Iz

b I I

Ce Ce

5042 XeFz t Cez soy

t 72 Ce Sou z Yet Fz

c XeFz t Hz Is X e X H F

d Iz XeFz Iz 5 If c Xe oxidation of Iz

e NO XeFz t NO NOF t Xe

Nitrosyl Flouride

F order forability to fluorinate XeF67XeFg XeFz

Xetz t 412 412 Utz 412 CHE Ctb 1 Xe

ethene lil difluoroethane

ethylene 1,2 difluoroethane f

I ch
XeFz 1 Utz I UBI Fz Xe

XeFz t C6HgI F

xerz
eF2 Oxidise
cooks

fluorinate
zs Hs zsFzt e
j'sI
6h5
F

the hetero atom

but doesn't altak alkyl

or

aryl group

If XeFz is mixed with anhydrous HF ids reactivity

is possible due formation of Xeft

greatly y to

Pt 1 XeFz HF PtFoo t Xe

Sso t n Sts X Xe

CRE t Crf Xe CrFa Xe

Mo03 t Mo Ff t Xe t 02

Moko 6 MoFG t Xe t CO

Acts as Flouride ion donor

XeFa t SbFg XeFjSbF5 XeF SbF6

XeF2 AsFs similar

Xefz t PFS i

XeFu t 2SbFs xefz.ZSbfsfxeftsbz.fi

similar rxn is observed with Vbts Tais

It dissolves in HF

c Structure Bonding in Xefz

Hybridisation sp3d

Geometry linear

Nu of L P 3

Excited State 1st



CI Xenon Tetrafluoride Xen

A Preparation
i S ratio
Xe 2Fz XeF4
400 C
5 to 6 atm
in Nickel monet
vessel
Xe tae Xefa
electricdischarge
80 C
z 15 atm
B Properties
a colorless crystalline solid
Mp 11701
oxidising agent Flourinating agent
O
Heating Xeta Xe t XeFG

Hydrogen Xe Fa t Hz Xe the
H2O XeF4 t H2O Xe t Xe03 t HF 1 Oz
It is an example of dispropor in aq solution
can be controlled to yield different product
XeF4 H2O Xe0Fz C 2mF
Xenon oxyflouride
Flourination
withCzHa XeFa 1 Utz cuz Utz cuz Xe
e p
with Pt HE XeFa t Pt HE HzptF6 the

with Dt XeFa Pt Pt Fat Xe

 with Sfa GHG NO NOz NHS
NH4FtNz
FG gf two f twozf
with Hg XeFa t Zug HgFz t Xe
with BU i XeFa BU BFz t Xe t Uz
oxidation
XeFu t HU Uz t HF 1 Xe
Xe Fu t KI Iz t KE t Xe
Acts as Flouride ion donor

7XeFat2SbFs
XeFatsbFs sXeFciSbFsfEXeFzJ bF6J
Ce sXefa.zsBFS B Sb2Fu
It is soluble in flouroacetic acid CF H

Xeta t Xe exam Is XeFz

structure
BondinginXet
Hybridisation sp3d2
Geometry square planar
hoof LP 2
Excited stat 2nd
I Xenon hexaflouride Xero
A Preparation i ratio
Xe t 31 2 Xeff
50 60 atm
802
XeFu t OzFz XeF6 cOz
Xe t 3Fz XeFg
electricdischarge
B Properties low temp
colorless solid
Mp 49.6 C
oxidising agent Flourinating agent
Heating o
XeF6 XeFa t XeFz t Fz
Hydrogen Xefs THz Xe 1nF

H2O XeF6 H2O XeOF4 1 HF

Xe Fg 1 H2O Xe zFz t

XeOzFz t H2O Xeoz.tn

Xe0ztHF
Sio i
Xets reacts with Sioz it is not stored in
glass or Quartz vessel
XeF6 t sick Xe0F4 t SFG
xe0F9 t Xe0zFz t

se zFz t n Xe z t m

z XeF6 t 3Si0z 2XeOz c3SiF4

a with alkali NaOH sodium perxenate

XeFG t NaOH NacelleFoo t Xe t Nak t H2O Oz
2 XeF6 16TH Xe064 Xe 112 FI 81120 Oz
perxenate im
b with Bacon z Barium perxenate
XeFG 1 Bacon z Baz 06 t Xe 1 Ba Fz
Xe tho Oz
 oxidation
Xe Fo t Hz Xe th F

Xero t Ha Xe e Uz 1 HF
XeF6 t NHz Xe t NHaF t Nz
Flourination
XeF6 t NHz Xe t NHuF Nz
As a flouride ion donor
XeF6 t AsFs Clefs AsFs
n t sbF5 n SbF6
t FeFz n Feta
i t BFz a Bfa
As a flouride ion acceptor with MF Est Rbf KENAF
withGF Xe56 GF Gt XeFa Gz XeFs
highly stable
with Naf Xero Naf Naz Xero 0g XeE pure
with NOF vets c Not NO XeFg
2

XeFG dissolves in HF according to following r n

Xe56 t HF XeFst t HFz
After the men due to formation of ions there will be
change in the electrical conductivity of HF
di

IuIII sImm molar conductance data

structureqBonding
Hybridisation sp3d3
Geometry distortedoctahedral
ve of L P I
Excited State 3rd
W Uses ability toflowup
of Inert has p
in MRI Helium I liquid
fused
µe He 117 Hell s Held
superfluid Yz o
t used as
Superconducting
f a cryogenic fluid
helping to produce superconducting resistance D

Iti'T tenth Qumanelmaaniaenanid

balloons for alow

weatherstudy nitrogen helium is not soluble in blood
due to its light even under high pressure A mix of
4 non inflammable 80.1 He 4 20 02 is used by divers to avoid
property caisson sickness or bends used in deepsea
divine
painful sensation due toNz dissolve in blood
if air is used for breathing in diving
Ne lamps glowsign board
M more inert thanNz
refining
f Zone
Ar process
Inert atmosphere Electrical welding
Headlight
Kyte mix is used in High Intensity light ofvehicles
due to low thermal conductivity
High speed photography
Krypton 85 is used to measure thickness of sheets of metals plastics
is used in electronic tube forvoltageregulation leaktester

RE radioactive

I used in treatment of cancer

otRIT
dn
tianya.E.o.IT i deI4ay
Xeuonoxyflourides.CI
Xe0Fz
Preparation partial Hydrolysis
XeFa t H2O Xe0Fz t 2nF
Structure Bonding
o

AI Xe0zFz xenon dioxydifloun.de

preparation 78
Xe0z t XeOFa Xe zFz
Xe Ofa 1 H2O XeOzFz c HF

XeOFa t sick Xe0zFz Si Fg

Properties
a.ersity hydrolysed to give Xe03
colorless solid which melts at 36C
Structure Bonding

I XeOFa xenon oxy tetraflouride

Preparation
XeF6 t H2O XeOFa t 2mF partial Hydrolysis
Xefs t si Oz KeOFa Si Fg

Xe0z Xe FG XeOFg
largeexcess
Xe t Fz Xe0F4
1 4 of Oz
Properties 230 c
eOF4 cH2O Xe0zFz t HF
Xe0zFz 11120 11303 HE

XeOFa si Oz Xe0zFz Sify

xe0zFz e siOz xeO3 Sita
 St Bnd 0g

Xenonoxidy
I Xenon Trioxide Xe03 Highly explosive colorless solid
Preparation
Xe0zFz t H2O Xe z t 2mF
Xe Ff t H2o Xe O t HF

6 Xe Fu t 121120 4Xe t 2Xe0z 124 H F T 3 Oz

Xe 02 Fz SiOz Xc z t SiFg
Properties I
with H2O produce weakly acidic solution
XeOz t 31120 Ht x Hls Xe06

with alkali undergo complete hydrolysis after dispropor

produce perxenate ion
2 XeOz c UNaOH t 6h20 NaaXe06 81120 t Xe t 02
Sodium Perxenate

oxidising action KI Iz
Xe z T GRI t 6 HU s Xe 131120 t 3 Iz GK U
Xe03 r
Xe 1 Oz
study

I XeOg
Preparation
t come 11250in Xe Og t Basog f two
Baz Xe06
Properties e

explosive 9 unstable gas

It decomposes to Xe Oz
Xe Oa Xe 1 Oz
stranding
Note's Xe PtF6 xenon
hexaflouroplatinati V
undergoes the following stepwise
transformation
Xefptfo PtFoo eF tho t Ptts

I 330k

xefs Pts Fn