Azhwarachariyargal Thaniannaal Pattu Vazithirunamam 25 07 18 Koil Athan File PDF

=:
=kNj uhkhE[ha ek:

=KLk;ig G+h;zha ek:
=kj; tutuKeNa ek:
=kj; tujFUNt ek:
Mo;thuhrhh;ah;fs; jdpad;fs;, thopj;jpUehkq;fs;

Mo;thh;fs; / Mrhhpah;fs; jdpad;, ehs; ghl;L, thopj;jpUehkk;, kq;fs ];Nyhfk;
Kjypaitfs; jpUel;rj;jpu fpukkhf fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. midtUk;
,jid jpdKk; me;j jpd jpUel;rj;jpuj;Jf;F Vw;wthW mEre;jpf;fyhk;. ehs;
ghl;L ,y;yhj Mrhh;ah;fSf;F fPNo nfhLj;Js;s cgNjruj;jpdkhiy 36Mk;
ghRuj;ij mEre;jpf;fyhk;.
njUSw;w Mo;thh;fs;. rPh;ik mwpthuhh;.

mUspr; nraiy mwpthuhh;. - mUs; ngw;w
ehjKdp Kjyhk;* ek; Njrpfiu my;yhy;
Ngij kdNk! cz;Nlh NgR.
(*Kjyhd vd;w ghlKk; cz;L)
fPNo nfhLj;Js;s jdpad;fs;, thopj;jpUehkq;fs;, ehs; ghl;L Kjypaitfs;

Gj;J}H; ];thkp njhFj;J mUspAs;s epj;ahEre;jhdk; vd;Dk; Gj;jfj;jpypUe;Jk; ,
Gj;J}h; = uFkhd; ];thkp (= ghyh[p) njhFj;J mUspAs;s Mo;thuhrhh;ah;fs;
thopj;jpUehkq;fs; vd;Dk; Gj;jfj;jpypUe;Jk; vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Gj;J}h; ];thkp
Gj;jfj;jpy; jdpad;fSk;, thopj;jpUehkq;fSk; jdpj; jdpahf nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
mbNad; ,itfs; ,uz;ilAk; Nrh;j;Jk;, me;je;j Mo;thh;fspd;/ Mrhh;ah;fspd;
ehs; ghl;L, njhq;fy;, rPh;, kq;fs ];Nyhfq;fs;; Kjyhdtw;iw njhFj;Jk;
el;rj;jpu fpukkhf nfhLj;Js;Nsd;. rpy Mrhh;ah;fspd; jdpad;fs; kw;Wk;
thopj;jpUehkq;fis mbNaDf;F nfhLj;J cjtpa ez;gh;fs; mizth;f;Fk;
ed;wpia njhptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpNwd;. ,q;F =kzthskhKdpfs; fhyk; tiu
tho;e;j Mrhh;ah;fspd; jdpad;fs;, thopj;jpUehkq;fs; jhd; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
mth; fhyj;jpw;F gpd; mtjhpj;j jq;fSila Mrhh;ah;fspd; jdpad;fs;, kw;Wk;
thopj;jpUehkq;fis ,j;Jld; Nrh;j;J mEre;jpf;fyhk;. rpy thopj;jpUehkq;fspy;
ghlNgjq;fs; cs;sd. mitfis Nfhtpy;/jpUkhspif tof;fj;Jf;F Vw;whh;Nghy;
khw;wpf; nfhz;L mEre;jpf;fTk;.
nghUslf;fk;;
thpir jpUel;rj;jpuk; / Mo;thuhrhh;ah;fs; jpUehkk; / gf;fk;

vz; jpUttjhpj;j khjk;
1 mr;tpdp 6 – 7
tLfek;gp – rpj;jpiu
rpwpa Nfhtpe;jg;ngUkhs; - khrp;
khnwhd;wpy;yh khUjpr; rpwpahz;lhd; - khh;fop
2 Guzp 8 – 10
mUshsg;ngUkhs; vk;ngUkhdhh; - fhh;j;jpif
<Az;zp khjtg;ngUkhs; - fhh;j;jpif
3 fhh;j;jpif 11 – 16
jpUkq;ifaho;thh; - fhh;j;jpif
ca;af;nfhz;lhh; - rpj;jpiu
ek;gps;is - fhh;j;jpif
[Pah; ehadhh; - rpj;jpiu
4 Nuh`pzp 17 – 24
nghpa ngUkhs; - gq;Fdp
fz;zd; - Mtzp
jpUg;ghzho;thh; - fhh;j;jpif
jpUf;Nfhl;bA+h; ek;gp – itfhrp
vq;fsho;thd; - rpj;jpiu
nghpathr;rhd;gps;is - Mtzp
ehadhuhr;rhd;gps;is - Mtzp
=ngUk;G+J}h; xd;whd vk;ghh; [Pah; - Mtzp
5 kpUfrPhp\k; 25 – 27
jpUf;fr;rp ek;gp – khrp
jpUf;FUifg;gpuhd; gps;shd; - Mtzp
Re;juj;NjhSilahd; - khrp
jpUf;NfhtY}h; xd;whd vk;ngUkhdhh; [Pah; - ij
6 jpUthjpiu 28 – 32
vk;ngUkhdhh; - rpj;jpiu
N]hkhrpahz;lhd; - rpj;jpiu
myq;fhuNtq;flth; - khh;fop
Ml;nfhz;ltpy;yp [Pah; - rpj;jpiu
$uFNyhj;jkjh]h; - Ig;grp
7 Gdh;G+rk; 33 – 41
rf;uth;j;jp jpUkfd; - rpj;jpiu
FyNrfuho;thh; - khrp
Kjypahz;lhd; - rpj;jpiu
vk;ghh; - ij
xd;whd thdkhkiy [Pah; - Gul;lhrp
gj;jq;fp gut];J gl;lh;gpuhd; [Pah; - fhh;j;jpif
fe;jhilahz;lhd; - khrp
xd;whd uhkhE[k; gps;is – gq;Fdp
mj;jq;fp Fkhu jhj;jhrhhpahh; - gq;Fdp
8 G+rk; 42 – 44
nry;tg;gps;is – gq;Fdp
nry;t ek;gp – Mtzp
gpujpthjp gaq;fuk; mz;zh – Mb
=ngUk;G+J}h; xd;whd ajpuh[ [Pah; - Ig;grp
9 Mapy;ak; 45 – 46
khwNdhp ek;gp – Mdp
nfhkhz;^h; ,isatpy;yp Mr;rhd; - rpj;jpiu
gps;isAwq;fhtpy;yp jh]h; - khrp
10 kfk; 47 – 49
jpUkopiraho;thh; - ij
kzf;fhy; ek;gp – khrp
jpUkhiyahz;lhd; - khrp
fe;jhil mg;gd; - Gul;lhrp
11 G+uk; 50 – 52
aJfphpehr;rpahh; - Mb
Mz;lhs; - Mb
fe;jhil Njhog;gh; - Mb
12 cj;jpuk; 53 – 55
=uq;fehr;rpahh; - gq;Fdp
jpUf;Nfhl;bA+h; jpUkhkfs; ehr;rpahh; - gq;Fdp
eQ;rPah; - gq;Fdp
13 `];jk; 56 – 61
gjhPP ehuhazg;ngUkhs; - Mb
Njtg;ngUkhs; - rpj;jpiu
jpUehuazg;ngUkhs; - gq;Fdp
$uj;jho;thd; - ij
KLk;ig ek;gp - ij
jpUtuq;fj;jKjdhh; - gq;Fdp
fplhk;gpahr;rhd; - rpj;jpiu
<r;rk;ghb Mr;rhd; - ij
mg;ghr;rpahuz;zh - Mtzp
14 rpj;jpiu 62 – 66
kJuftpaho;thh; - rpj;jpiu
mee;jho;thd; - rpj;jpiu
elJ}uk;khs; - rpj;jpiu
xd;whd =kj; Mj;jhd; ];thkp – Mtzp
15 ];thjp 67 – 71
mofparpq;fh; - itfhrp
nghpaho;thh; - Mdp
nghpa jpUkiyek;gp – itfhrp
mofg;gpuhd; (Re;juNjrpfd;) - Gul;lhrp
tlf;Fj; jpUtPjpg;gps;is – Mdp
thjpNfrhp mofpakzthsr;rPah; - Mdp
nghpa ஶ{j;j]j;j;tk; mz;zd; - khrp
njhl;ilaq;fhug;ig – ij
16 tprhfk; 72 – 76
ek;kho;thh; - itfhrp
FUiff;fhtyg;gd; - ij
gps;is jpUkiy ek;gp - itfhrp
guhq;Frek;gp - itfhrp
M#hpg;ngUkhs; - Mdp
jpUtha;nkhopg;gps;is - itfhrp
17 mD\k; 77 – 78
=ke; ehjKdpfs; - Mdp
nghpa gl;lh; - itfhrp
=uhkg;gps;is - itfhrp
18 Nfl;il 79 – 82
njhz;lubg;nghbfs; - khh;fop
nghpaek;gp - khh;fop
jpUtuq;fg;ngUkhs; miuah; - itfhrp
nfhq;fpyhr;rhd; - Mtzp
$uehuaz [Pah; - khh;fop
ehY}uhr;rhd; gps;is – khh;fop
mz;zhtpyg;gd; - khrp
19 %yk; 83 – 88
kzthskhKdpfs; - Ig;grp
20 G+uhlk; 89 – 90
Nrid Kjypahh; - Ig;grp
jpUehuhazGuj;J Ma; - Ig;grp
21 cj;jpuhlk; 91 – 92
Mste;jhh; - Mb
=Gz;lhPfh�h; - Mb
rz;lkhUjk; njhl;ilahrhh;ah; - khrp
22 jpUNthzk; 93 – 102
jpUNtq;flKilahd; - Gul;lhrp
jpUnts;siw Gz;lhPfh�h; - gq;Fdp
jpUnts;siwg; gq;far;nry;tp ehr;rpahh; - gq;Fdp
jpUf;Nfhl;bA+h; =cufnky;yizahd;- Ig;grp
ngha;ifaho;thh; - Ig;grp
njw;fho;thd; - Mb
jpUfz;zkq;ifahz;lhd; - Mdp
<r;rk;ghb [Pah; - Mdp
jpUf;FWq;Fb =NguUshs uhkhE[ [Pah;-
rpj;jpiu
gps;isNyhfhrhh;ah; - Ig;grp
Ntjhe;jNjrpfd; - Gul;lhrp
gps;isNyhfk; [Pah; - rpj;jpiu
QhdjpU\;b mofg;gq;fhh; - rpj;jpiu
tpQ;r%h; jhjhr;rhhpah; - rpj;jpiu
jpUf;NfhtY}h; Mo;thd; - Mtzp
muzGuj;jho;thd; - gq;Fdp
jpUNtq;fl uhkhE[ [Pah; ];thkp-Gul;lhrp
23 mtpl;lk; 103 – 104
G+jj;jho;thh; - Ig;grp
mofpa kzthsg;ngUkhs; ehadhh; - khh;fop
eLtpy; jpUtPjp gl;lh; - Ig;grp
tue;jUk; ngUkhs; mg;ig – Mtzp
24 rjak; 105 – 106
Ngaho;thh; - Ig;grp
gpd;gofpa ngUkhs; [Pah; - Ig;grp
25 G+ul;lhjp 107 -108
nrhl;il ek;gp – ij
ehY}uhd; - ij
Nfhapy; fe;jhil mz;zd; - Gul;lhrp
26 cj;jpul;lhjp 109 -109
tpshQ;Nrhiyg;gps;is – Ig;grp
Vl;^h; rpq;fuhrhh;ah; - Mb
fe;jhil ehad; - khh;fop
27 Nutjp 110 -111
ek;ngUkhs; - rpj;jpiu
vWk;gpag;gh – Ig;grp
epj;a jdpad; kl;Lk; cs;s Mrhhpah;fs; - 112
thopj;jpUehkq;fis mEre;jpg;gjd; gad; ,
Mo;thh;fs; gd;dpUthpd; thopj;jpUehkk; - 113
,ay;rhj;J 114 - 115
rhj;JKiw 116 - 117
kq;fs ];Nyhfq;fs; 118 – 120
nghJj;jdpad;
mk;Gtpap yho;thh;f shz;lhs; kJuftp
jk;gjpehs; khje; jkpo;j;njhifia – ek;Gtpf;Nf
nrg;Gsh kpd;wdkha;r; Nrh;e;jngU thopnra;j
mg;Gshd; jhNs auz;.
1)mr;tpdp el;rj;jpuk;
a) tLfek;gp - rpj;jpiu
jdpad;
irj;Nu j;tஶ;tpdp ]Q;[hjk; ]k;]huhh;z tjhufk; /

uhkhE[hh;a ]r;rp\;ak; Me;j;uG+h;z k`k; gN[ //
uhkhE[hh;a ]r;rp\;ak; ]hyf;uhk epth]pek; /

gQ;rNkhgha ]k;ge;jk; Me;j;uG+h;z k`k;gN[ //
thopj;jpUehkk;
VuhUk; rpj;jpiuapy; mRtjP te;jhd; thopNa

vopy; rhsf;fpuhk efuj;jpy; mtjhpj;jhd; thopNa
ruk gh;t ep\;ilapy; Cd;wpdhd; thopNa
vk;ngUkhdhNu nja;tnkd;W mD\;bj;jhd; thopNa
mdtujk; Mrhh;a ifq;fh;aNk nghOJ Nghf;Fk; vd;whd; thopNa
Mrhhpaid my;yhJ NtW nja;tk; mwpahd; thopNa
];thrhh;ah; m\;Nlhj;ju rj ehkq;fis mUspdhd; thopNa
=uhkhD[h; itgtNk epue;juk; mD]e;jpj;jhd; thopNa
Mrhh;a ghj jPh;j;jNk guk Nghf;ankd;W vz;zpdhd; thopNa
=tL` ek;gp jpUtbfs; thop thop thopNa.
,e;j thopj;jpUehkj;ij mbNaDf;F nfhLj;J cjtpa =Uf;kzp
rj;agh rNkj =NtZNfhghy fpU\;z Rthkp rd;djp, ky;Ny];tuk;,
ngq;f�h; Kjy; jPh;j;jf;fhuh; tLfek;gp =uq;fhrhh;a Rthkpf;Fk; kw;Wk;
tLfek;gp =uq;fuh[d; ];thkpf;Fk; (ngq;f�hpy; cs;s ajpfhp
klj;jpy; epj;a ifq;fh;ak; nra;J tUgth;) mbNaDila ed;wp
cwpj;jhFf.
b) rpwpa Nfhtpe;jg;ngUkhs; - khrp
jdpad;
fyNஶsஶ ;tpep ]k;G+jk; gh\;afhuhq;f;hpkh=jk; /

Nfhtpe;jhh;ahE[k; te;Nj Nfhtpe;jhh;ak; jah epjpk; //
=gh\;afhu ]r;rp\;ak; Gz;lhPfh\ ee;jek; /

Nfhtpe;jhh;ahE[k; te;Nj Nfhtpe;jhh;ak; jahepjpk; //
thopj;jpUehkk;
kUthUk; koiyefh; thote;Njhd; thopNa

khrpjdpy; mRtjp ehs;* te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa
njUshUk; Mste;jhh; Fiw jPh;j;jhd; thopNa
rPh; jpUkiy ek;gp jidr; rpe;ijnra;Nthd; thopNa
**ghuhUk; vjpuhrd; gjk; gdpe;Njhd; thopNa
gjpd;kh; fiy cl;nghUis gfUktd; thopNa
VuhUk; vk;ghhpd; ,idabNahd; thopNa
vopy; ,isaNfhtpe;jdhh; ,idabfs; thopNa.
*mRtjpapy; vd;w ghlk; cz;L

**ghh;GfOk; vd;w ghlk; cz;L
NkNy cs;s thopj;jpUehkj;ij mbNaDf;F nfhLj;J

cjtpa jpUefhp fPoj;jpUkhspif vk;ghh; = c.Nt.tujhrhh;a ];thkpf;F (=
jhNkhjud; ];thkp) ed;wp cwpj;jhFf.
c) khnwhd;wpy;yh khUjpr; rpwpahz;lhd; - khh;fop
jdpad;
[;QhJk; $uFyhjpgk; f;hpkpfyhj; g;uhg;jhgjk; g;Nu\jp:

=uhkhtuN[d Nfh]ygjhj; j;U\;l;th jjPahk; ];jpjpk; /
g;uj;ah (]k;g;uh) g;j];j;tuah Guhe;jfGuhj; fy;ahzthgPjNl

Nahsn]s khUjphpj;a ஶk;]j tak; j];ik ek];Fh;kN` //
jE];]pijfhr;ahk; J [hjk; Njtgp\f;jpNe /

nys`pj;ahe;takhrhh;ak; te;Nj mg;ujpkkhUjpk; //
2) guzp el;rj;jpuk;
a) mUshsg;ngUkhs; vk;ngUkhdhh; - fhh;j;jpif
jdpad;
mde;jho;thd; mUspr;nra;jJ
uhkhE[gjhk;Ngh[ ]k;r;hpjk; Fzthhpjpk;

jahghy Kepk; te;NjNtjhe;j ghpep\;bjk;
vr;rhd; mUspr;nra;jJ
jahghyeNjtha[;Qhd]hug;jhapNe
g;uNka]huk;jjNj eNkh];Jg;NukrhypNe
njhz;lD}h; ek;gp mUspr;nra;jJ
ajpuh[jahghj;uk; ajpgq;j;jptpG+\zk;
jahghyKepk; te;NjNjrpfhf;Nuruk;]jh
kUJ}h; ek;gp mUspr;nra;jJ

uhkhE[hh;a ]r;rp\;ak; Ntjrh];j;uhh;j;j]k;gjk;
rJh;j;jh];uk ]k;ge;jk; Njtuh[Kepk;gN[
myq;fhu Ntq;flth; (jpUNtq;flhrhh;ah;) mUspr;nra;jJ
fhh;j;jpNf guzP[hjk; ajPe;j;uh=j khஶ;uNa /

[;Qhe g;uNka ]huhgp tf;jhuk; tujk; Kepk; //
epj;a jdpad;
[;Qhegf;jahj;j ituhf;ak; uhkhE[ gjh=jk; /

gQ;rNkhgha ]k;ge;ek; ]k;akPe;j;uk; ekhk;a`k; //
rPh;
thop najpuhr khKdptd; khjfthy;

thO kUshs khKdptd; thopatd;
Qhdg; gpuNka rhukij Qhykjpy;
NjdKjha;r; Nrh;j;jUSk; rPh;.
thopj;jpUehkk;
jpUthOe; njd;duq;fQ; rpwf;f te;Njhd; thopNa

njd;dUshsh; md;ghy; jpUe;jpdhd; thopNa
jUthOnkjpuhrd; jhsile;Njhd; thopNa
jkpo;Qhdg;gpuNka]huk; jkh;f;Fiug;Nghd; thopNa
njUshU kJuftp epiy njspe;Njhd; thopNa
NjRnghyp kle;jd;idr; rpijj;jpl;lhd; thopNa
mUshskhKdpahk; Mhpad;jhs; thopNa
mUs; fhh;j;jpifg; guzpNahd; midj;J}op thopNa.
mUshs khKdptd; mbapizfs; thop

miwakh; nre;JtUilNahL mzpAe;jp thop
mUshUk; mq;ifnahL Kf;NfhYk; thop
mzptlq;fs; GhpE}NyhL MfkJ thop
njUshop rq;fnkhL jpUj;Njhs;fs; thop
jpUf;fzpid ehkkJ Nrh;EjYk; thop
nghUshU ew;fiyfs; Gfy; ehTk; thop
nghq;nfopy; JkhiyGid nghw;FQ;rp thop.
jpUehs; ghl;L
nghq;FGfo;g; Gtpnaq;FKjpj;jpL Gz;zpah; ,d;GUehs;

G+jy kPJah; Ntjpaud;G nghUe;jp kfpo;jpLehs;
nrq;fkyj; JWehd;Kf ehd;kiw njsp nghUSw;wpLehs;
rpl;lh; Jjpf;Fk; muq;fefh;f;fpiw rpe;ijcfe;jpL ehs;
jpq;fs; xspf;F epfh;j;jpL tz;Gfo; jpirnjhU Nktpaehs;
nre;jkpo; khkiw je;jUs; Nahfpah; Nrh;e;J kfpo;e;jpLehs;
kq;fsKw;W mUshs Kdpg;gud; itafk; va;jpa ehs;
khrW fhh;j;jpif ew;guzpg; ngah; itfpa ed;dhNs.
njhq;fy;
gl;lkzp ahhpah;fs; ghUyNfhh; jhk; thor;

rl;lkpLk; ghbaj;Njhd; jhs; thOk; rpl;lUld;
md;dth;fs; jhk; GfOk; mUshs khKdpNa
,d;dnkhU E}w;whz;bUk;.
b) <Az;zp khjtg;ngUkhs; - fhh;j;jpif
jdpad;
fhh;j;jpNf guzP [hjk; =Nyhfhh;a gjh=jk; /

Ntjhe;j j;ta ]k;ge;jk; khjthh;a k`k;gN[ //
,tiug; Nghw;wp ciuf;Fk; ghRuk;
cgNjruj;jpdkhiy - 49 ghRuk;
Mq;fth;ghy;ngw;w rpwpaho;thdg;gps;is
jhk;nfhLj;jhh; jk;kfdhh; jk;ifapy; - ghq;FlNd
ehYhh;gps;isf;fth;jhk; ey;y kfdhh;f;fth;jhk;
NkNyhh;f;fPe;jh utNukpf;F.
<Az;zp khjtg;ngUkhSf;F rpwpaho;thdg;gps;is nad;w xU kWngaUk; cz;L.
,jid gps;isNyhfk; [Pah; gzpj;j tpahf;fpahdj;jpy; fhzyhk;. < vd;why;
nfhL vd;W nghUs;. cz;zp vd;why; cz;gth; vd;W nghUs;. mjhtJ gpwUf;F
nfhLj;J cz;gth; vd;W nghUs;.
3) fhh;j;jpif
a) jpUkq;ifaho;thh; - fhh;j;jpif
jdpad;
t;Uஶ;rpNf f;Uj;jpfh [hjk; rJ\;ftp ஶpfhkzpk; /

\l;g;ue;jf;Ujk; ஶhh;q;f %h;j;jpk; fyp`khஶ;uNa //
fypahkp fypj;tk;]k; ftpk; Nyhf jpthfuk; /

a];a Nfhgp: g;ufhஶhgp: Mtpj;ak; ep`jk; jk: //
ehs; ghl;L cgNjruj;jpdkhiy 8,9 ghRuq;fs;
NgijneQ;Nr ,d;iwg;ngUikawpe;jpiyNah
VJngUik apd;iwf;nfd;nwd;dpy; - XJfpd;Nwd;
tha;j;jGfo;kq;ifah;Nfhd; khepyj;jpy;te;Jjpj;j
fhh;j;jpifapy; fhh;j;jpifehs; fhz;.
khwd; gzpj;j jkpo;kiwf;F. kq;ifah;Nfhd;

Mwq;fk;$w ttjhpj;j – tPWila
fhh;j;jpifapy;fhh;j;jpifeh nsd;nwd;W fhjypg;ghh;
tha;j;jkyh;j;jhs;fs; neQ;Nrtho;j;J.
thopj;jpUehkk;
fye;jjpUf; fhh;j;jpifapy; fhh;j;jpif te;Njhd; thopNa

fhrpdpap; nyhz; FiwaY}h;f; fhtNyhd; thopNa
eye;jpf ohapuj; njz;gj;J ehYiuj;jhd; thopNa
ehiye;J khiwe;Jk; ekf;Fiuj;jhd; thopNa
,yq;nfO $w;wpUf;if apU klyPe;jhd; thopNa
,k;%d;wpypU E}w;wpUgj;NjoPe;jhd; thopNa
tye;jpfOq; FKjty;yp kzthsd; thopNa
thl;fypad; gufhyd; kq;ifah;Nfhd; thopNa.
jpUkq;ifaho;thhpd; tbtofpy; <Lgl;L kzthskhKdpfs; mUspa tbtoF
#h;zpifAk; jdpg;ghly;fSk;
mizj;jNtYk;, njhOjifAk; , mOe;jpa

jpUehkKk; , Xk; vd;wthAk; , cah;e;j %f;Fk; ,
Fsph;e;j KfKk; , gue;j tpopAk; , gjpe;j new;wpAk; ,
newpj;j GUtKk; , RUz;l FoYk;, tbe;j fhJk; ,
mire;j fhJ fhg;Gk; , jho;e;j nrtpAk; , rhpe;j
fOj;Jk; , mfd;w khh;Gk; , jpuz;l NjhSk; , nespj;j
KJFk; , Ftpj;j ,ilAk; , my;ypf;fapWk;, mOe;jpa
rPuhTk; , J}f;fpa fUq;NfhitAk; , njhq;fYk;
jdpkhiyAk;, jspUkpspUkha; epw;fpw epiyAk;,
rhw;wpa jpUj;jz;ilAk;, rjpuhd tPuf;foYk;
jQ;rkhd jhspizAk; Fe;jpapl;l fizf;fhYk;
Fspuitj;j jpUtb kyUk;, tha;j;j
kzq;nfhy;iyAk;, tayhyp kzthsDk;,
thbNdd; thb (vd;W) tho;tpj;jUspa,
ePyf;fypfd;wp, kUtyh;jk; cly;Jzpa ths;tPRk;
gufhyd;, kq;ifkd;ddhd tbNt.
ciw fopj;j thisnahj;j tpopkle;ij khjh;Nky; ,

cUfitj;j kdnkhopj;J, ,t;Tsfse;jek;gpNky;,
Fiwiaitj;J klnyLj;j Fiwayhsp jpUkzq;
nfhy;iyjd;dpy; topgwpj;j Fw;wkw;w nrq;ifahd; ,
kiwAiuj;j ke;jpuj;ij khYiuf;f, mtd;KNd
kbnahLf;fp kdklf;fp tha;Gijj;J, xd;wyhh;
fiwFspj;j Ntyizj;J epd;wtpe;epiyik, vd;
fz;iztpl;lfd;wplhJ fypadhiz MizNa.
fhJk; nrhhpKj;Jk; ifAk; fjph;NtYk;

jhJGiz jhspizAk; jdpr;rpyk;Gk;
ePjpGid njd;dhyp ehld; jpUtoifg;Nghy,
vd;dhiz xg;ghhpy;iyNa.
Ntyizj;jkhh;Gk; , tpsq;F jpUntl;nlOj;ij

khYiuf;fj;jho;j;j tyr;nrtpAk;
jhspdpizj; jz;ilAk; , tPuf;foYk; jhh;f;fypad; nfhz;l ed;KfKk;
fz;L fspf;Fnkd;fz;.
,JNth! jpUtuR ,JNth! jpUkzq;nfhy;iy
,JNth! vopyhyp vd;D%h;
,JNth jhd;ntl;Lk; fypad; ntUl;b neLkhiy
vl;nlOj;Jk; gwpj;jtplk;.
*IadUs;khhp nra;a mbapizfs; thopNa

me;JfpYk; rPuhTk; kzpaiuAk; thopNa
ikapyF Ntyizj;j tz;ikkpF thopNa
khwhky; mQ;rypnra; kyh;f;fuq;fs; thopNa
nra;a fyDldyq;fy; Nrh; khh;Gk; thopNa
jpz;GaKk; gzpykd;d jpUf;fOj;Jk; thopNa
ikay; nra;Ak; KfKWty; kyh;f;fz;fs; thopNa
kd;DKbj;njhg;ghuk; tisaKld; thopNa.
*,e;j thopj;jpUehkj;ij =uq;fk;, jpUthyp, jpUefhp kw;Wk; jpUehq;$h;

jpt;taNjrq;fspy; mEre;jpf;fpwhh;fs;.
kq;fs ];Nyhfk;
=kjhyp=efhP ehjha fypithpNz

rJ\;ftp g;ujheha gufhyha kq;fsk;
b) ca;af;nfhz;lhh; - rpj;jpiu
jdpad;
Nk\ khN] ]Nuh[h�k; fpUj;jpfh [hjkhஶ;uNa /

ehjNahfp gjhk;Ngh[j;te;j;tg;utz khe]k; //
ek: gq;f[ Nej;uha ehj =ghjgq;fN[ /

e;a];j ]h;t guhah];kj; Fyehjha jPkNj //
ek];ahk;autpe;jh�k; ehjghNt t;at];jpjk; /

ஶ{j;j]j;;t kak; nஶsNu utjhukpthguk; //
thopj;jpUehkk;
thynta;Nahd;jiz ntd;w tbtofd; thopNa

khy; kzf;fhy; ek;gp njhOk; kyh;g;gjj;Njhd; thopNa
rPykpF ehjKdp rPUiug;Nghd; thopNa
rpj;jpiuapy; fhh;j;jpif ehs; rpwf;f te;Njhd; thopNa
ehypuz;Lk; Iiae;Jk; ekf;Fiuj;jhd; thopNa
ehnyl;bd; cl;;nghUis elj;jpdhd; thopNa
khyuq;f kzthsh; tsKiug;Nghd; thopNa
itaKa;af;nfhz;lth; jhs; itafj;jpy; thopNa.
Fwpg;G : ehypuz;L – jpUntl;nlOj;J, Iiae;J – 25 m�uKs;s j;tak;,

ehnyl;L - 32 m�uKs;s ruk];Nyhfk;, u`];aj;uaKk; nrhd;dgb
c) ek;gps;is - fhh;j;jpif
jdpad;
t;Uஶ;rpNf f;Uj;jpfh[hjk; fypithp FUk;gN[ /

Ntjhe;jpKep ghjhg;[ =Pjk; ]{f;jp kh`h;ztk; //
Ntjhe;j Ntj;ahk;Uj thhp uhNஶh; Ntjhh;j;j ]huhk;Uj G+ukf;h;ak; /

Mjha th;\e;j k`k; g;ugj;Na fhUz;aG+u;zk; fypitup jh]k; //
ehs; ghl;L
cgNjruj;jpdkhiyapy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s ,tiu gw;wpa ghRuq;fs;
43, 44, 48, 50, 51, 66 ghRuq;fs;
ek;gps;is jk;Kila ey;yUshNatpapl

gpd;nghpa thr;rhd;gps;is ajdhy; - ,d;gh
tUgj;jp khwd; kiwg;nghUisr; nrhd;dJ
,Ugj;J ehyhapuk;.
njs;spajh ek;gps;is nrg;G newpjd;id

ts;sy; tlf;Fj;jpUtjPg; gps;is . ,e;j
ehlwpa khwd; kiwg;nghUis ed;Fiuj;jJ
<LKg;gj;jhwhapuk;.
rPuhh; tlf;Fj; jpUtPjpg;gps;is. vO
Njuh jkpo; Ntjj;jPLjidj; - jhUnkd
thq;fpKd;ek;gps;is aPAz;zp khjth;f;Fj;
jhk; nfhLj;jhh;. gpd;djidj;jhd;.
ek;ngUkhs; ek;kho;thh; eQ;rPah; ek;gps;;is
nad;gh;. mtuth;jk; Nkw;wj;jhy; - md;GilNahh;
rhw;WjpUehkq;fs; jhndd;W ed;ndQ;Nr
Vj;jjidr;nrhy;ypeP apd;W.
Jd;DGfo;f; fe;jhilj;Njhog;gh; jk;Kfg;ghy;

vd;dTyfhhpaNdh ntd;Wiuf;f – gpd;id
cyfhhpandDk;Ngh; ek;gps;isf;Nfhq;fp
tpyfhky; epd;wnjd;Wk;Nky;.
gpd;gofuhk;ngUkhs; rPah;. ngUe;jptj;jpy;
md;gJTkw;W kpf;fthirapdhy; - ek;gps;isf;
fhdtbikfs;nra; ae;epiyia ed;ndQ;Nr
Cdkw ntg;nghOJNkhh;.
thopj;jpUehkk;
NjkUTk; nrq;fkyj; jpUj;jhs;fs; thopNa

jpUtiuapy; gl;lhil Nrh;kUq;Fk; thopNa
jhkkzp tlkhh;Gk; GhpEhYk; thopNa
jhkiuf;if apidaoFk; jlk;GaKk; thopNa
ghkUTe; jkpo;Ntjk; gapy;gtsk; thopNa
ghbaj;jpd; nghUs; jd;idg; gfh;ehTk; thopNa
ehkEjy; kjpKfKk; jpUKbAk; thopNa
ek;gps;is tbtoFk; ehNlhWk; thopNa.
fhjYld; eQ;rPah; foy;njhONthd; thopNa

fhh;j;jpiff; fhh;j;jpif Ajpj;j fypfd;wp thopNa
NghjKl dho;thh; nrhw; nghUSiug;Nghd; thopNa
G+Jhuhd; ghbaj;ijg; GfOktd; thopNa
khjfth nyt;Taph;f;Fk; tho;tspj;jhd; thopNa
kjpsuq;f Nuhyf;fk; tsh;j;jpl;lhd; thopNa
ehjKdp ahste;jhh; eyk; Gfo;Nthd; thopNa
ek;gps;is jpUtbfs; ehNlhWk; thopNa.
d) [Pah; ehadhh; (kzthskhKdpfspd; G+h;thr;uk ngsj;uh;) - rpj;jpiu
jdpad;
;
m];kh]{ tj;]yjah f;Ugah r G+a:
];Ntr;rhtjPh;zkpt n]sk;atuk; KePe;j;uk;
Mrhh;a ngsj;u kgpuhk tuhgpjhek;
m];kj;FUk; gukfhUzpfk; gN[.
thopj;jpUehkk;
rPuhUk; tuKdptd; nrOq;Fyj;Njhd; thopNa

rpj;jpiuapy; fhh;j;jpif ehs; rpwf;f te;Njhd; thopNa
ghuhUk; vjpuhrd; gjk; gzpNthd; thopNa
ghbaj;jpd; cl;nghUis gfUktd; thopNa
Muk; #o; FUifjdpy; mtjhpj;Njhd; thopNa
Mo;thh;fs; fiyg;nghUis Ma;e;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa
tujFU fUizapdhy; tho;TilNahd; thopNa
thd;rPh; eapdhh; kyh;g;gjq;fs; thopNa.
ghftjh; tho guhq;Frd; jd; rPh;tho

jhKld; te;jize;Njhd; jhk; tho
NghjkpF njd;duq;fk; tho rPah;eapdhh;
4) Nuh`pzp
a) nghpangUkhs; - gq;Fdp
jdpad;
jg];Na kh]p Nuh`pz;ahk; jNl ]`;;aGt];];jpjk; /

=uq;fஶhapek; te;Nj N]tpjk; ]h;tNjஶpif: //
=];jehguzk; Nj[: =uq;Nfஶa khஶ;uNa /

rpe;jhkzp kpNthj; the;j Kj;]q;Nfsee;jNghfpe: //
y�;kPfy;gyNjhj;Jq;f];je];jgfrQ;ry: /
=uq;fuh[ g;Uq;NfhNk ukjhk; khe]hk;GN[ //
thopj;jpUehkk;
jpUkfSk; kz;kfSk; rpwf;f te;Njhd; thopNa

nra;atpilj; jha;kfshh; Nrtpg;Nghd; thopNa
,UtpRk;gpy; tPw;wpUf;F kpikath;Nfhd; thopNa
,lh;fbag; ghw;fliy va;jpdhd; thopNa
mhpa jaujd; kfdhatjhpj;jhd; thopNa
me;jhpahkpj;JtK khapdhd; thopNa
ngUfp tUk; nghd;dp eLg; gpd;Japd;whd; thopNa
nghpangUkh nsq;fs;gpuh dbfs; thopNa.
nghpa gpuhl;bahh;
gq;fag; G+tpw; gpwe;j ghit ey;yhs; thopNa

gq;Fdpapy; cj;jpuehs; ghUjpj;jhs; thopNa
kq;ifah;fs; jpyjnkd te;j nry;tp thopNa
khyuq;fh; kzpkhh;ig kd;Dkts; thopNa
vq;fnsopw; Nridkd;dh;f; fpjKiuj;jhs; thopNa
,Ugj;jQ;Rl;nghUs; khypak;Gkts; thopNa
nrq;fkyr; nra;auq;fk; nropf;f te;jhs; thopNa
rPuq;fehafpahh; jpUtbfs; thopNa.
(nghpa ngUkhSf;Fk; ek;ngUkhSf;Fk; xNu thopj;jpUehkk; jhd;. nghpa

ngUkhspd; thopj;jpUehkj;Jld; nghpagpuhl;bahhpd; thopj;jpUehkj;ijAk; Nrh;j;J
mEre;jpf;Fk; tof;fk; cs;sjhy; ,t;tplj;jpy; nghpagpuhl;bahhpd; thopj;jpUehkk;
nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ)
kq;fs ];Nyhfk;
y�;kp ruz yh�hq;f ]h�hr;r;hPtj;] t�N] /

N�kq;fuha ]h;Nt\hk; =uq;Nfஶha kq;fsk; //
b) =fz;zd; - Mtzp
jdpad;
]pk;`khN]s]pNj gN�Nuh`pz;ahk\;lkPjpnjs /
rukhh;j;j g;ujhjhuk; f;U\;zk; te;Nj [fj;FUk; //
jNjhsfpy[fj;gj;k Nghjhahr;AjghEeh /
NjtfP G+h;t]e;j;ahah khtph;g;g+jk; k`hj;keh //
kq;fs ];Nyhfq;fs;
ePshry epth]ha epj;aha gukhj;kNe /

]{gj;uh g;uhz ehjha [fe;ehjha kq;fsk; //
g;Ue;jhuz;a epth]ha gyuhkhE[har /

Uf;kpzPg;uhz ehjha ghh;j;j ]{jha kq;fsk; //
c) jpUg;ghzho;thh; - fhh;j;jpif
jdpad;
t;Uஶ;rpNf Nuh`pzP [hjk; =Pghzk; epRshGNu /

=tj;]hq;fk; fhaNfe;j;uk; Kdpthèkhஶ;uNa //
Mghj#lk; mEG+a `hpk; ஶahek;

kj;Na fNtu J`pJh; Kjpjhe;juhj;kh /
mj;u\;l;Ujhk; eaeNahh; tp\ahe;juhzhk;
Nah epஶ;rpfha keit Kepthèk; jk; //
ehs; ghl;L cgNjruj;jpdkhiy 10 Mk; ghRuk;
fhh;j;jpifANuhfpzp ehs; fhz;kpdpd;WfhrpdpaPh;

tha;j;jGfo;g;ghzh; te;Jjpg;ghy; - Mj;jpah;fs;
md;GlNdjhd; mkydhjpgpuhd; fw;wjw;gpd;
ed;FlNd nfhz;lhLk;ehs;.
thopj;jpUehkk;
ck;gh;njhOk; nka;Q;Qhdj; JiwA+uhd; thopNa
cNuhfpzpehs; fhh;j;jpifapYjpj;j ts;sy; thopNa
tk;gtpo;jhh; KdpNjhspy; te;jgpuhd; thopNa
kyh;f;fz;zpy; Ntnwhd;Wk; itahjhd; thopNa
mk;Gtpapy; kjpsuq;f ufk;GFe;jhd; thopNa
mkydhjpuhd; gj;J kUspdhd; thopNa
nrk;nghdb KbasTk; Nrtpg;Nghd; thopNa
jpUg;ghzd; nghw;gjq;fs; nrfjyj;jpy; thopNa.
d) jpUf;Nfh\;bA+h; ek;gp - itfhrp
jdpad;
itஶhf Nuh`pz;Ajpjk; Nfh\;;BG+h;zk; ]khஶ;uNa /

rukஶ;Nyhf jhj;gh;ak; ajpuh[ha Nahstjj; //
=ty;yg gjhk;Ngh[ jPgf;j;ak;Uj ]hfuk; /

=kj; Nfh\;BGhP G+h;zk; NjஶpNfe;juk; g[hkN` //
thopj;jpUehkk;
kd;dparPuhste;jhh; kyh;g;gjj;Njhd; thopNa

itfhrp Nuhfpzp ehs; te;Jjpj;Njhd; thopNa
,d;dpstQ;rpf;F ,dpJiuj;jhd; thopNa
vk;ngUkhdhnuDk; Nghpak;Gktd; thopNa
njd;dzpahk; fhrpgNfhj;jpuj;Jjpj;Njhd; thopNa
jpUf;FUifg;gpuhd;ndDk;Ngh; jpfote;Njhd; thopNa
Kd;duUk; (Kd;dtUk;) ngUk;G+Jhh; Kdpf;Fiuj;Njhd; thopNa
nkhope;j jpUf;Nfhl;bek;gp %Jyfpy; thopNa.
fhrpgd; jd;Nfhj;jpuj;ijf; fUjpte;Njhd; thopNa

fiyaidj;jhy; Kd;dth;f;Ff;; fjpaspj;Njhd; thopNa
khrwnka;g;nghUnsjpf;Ftoq;Fktd; thopNa
itafKd; jhprdj;jhy; thOnkd;whd; thopNa
VrwNtAfe;njjpia vLj;jizj;jhd; thopNa
NjRGfo;r;nry;;td; nkhop Njh;e;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa
jpUf;Nfhl;bG+h;ek;gp rfjyj;jpy; thopNa.
<NuO%d;nwhd;wpy; ,jKiuj;jhd; thopNa
Vw;wkhkste;jhhpizabNahd; thopNa
<nuOtUf;Fk; gjk; <Aktd; thopNa
ehNyopy; ehyhehs; ehbte;jhd; thopNa
ek;kJuftpepiyia ez;zpdhd; thopNa
ehNyOehnyOj;ij ed;Fiuj;jhd; thopNa
eq;fs; jpUf;Nfhl;bek;gp ew;gjq;fs; thopNa.
my;gfYk; Mste;jhh; mbepidNthd; thopNa
mdtujk; njw;fho;thh;f;fhl;; nra;Nthd; thopNa
nty;nghUs; ntspapl, vjpia ntWj;Jfe;jhd; thopNa
NkjpdpNahUa;tnud;W nkr;rpdhd; thopNa
cs;ke;jpunkjpuuhrh;f;nfhspj;Jiuj;jhd; thopNa
ce;J kjj; njjpia cfe;jizj;jhd; thopNa
*nry;tek;gpFyk; jiof;fr; nrfj;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa
jpUf;Nfhl;bG+h; ek;gp rfjyj;jpy; thopNa.
*,jpypUe;J nghpaho;thh; fhyj;jpy; mtUf;Fg; guk Mg;juha;, =ty;ygNjtd;

vDk; ghz;ba murDf;F ke;jphpahapUe;j nry;tek;gpapd; Fyj;jpy; cjpj;jth;
jpUf;Nfhl;bG+h; ek;gp vd tpsq;FfpwJ.
rPuhUk; jpUKbAk; jpUKfKk; thopNa

rpwe;jfQ;rk; Nghd;w ,U eadk; thopNa
jhuhUk; jlk;Gaf;if rq;fhop thopNa
jdpkUq;fpd; gl;lhil jdpkUq;Fk; thopNa
NguhUk; ngUk;G+J}h; vk;ngU khdhh;fd;gha;g;
nghparu kr;RNyhfk; Ngwspj;jhd; thopNa
VuhUk; Mste;jhh; ,izabfs; kwthj
vq;fs; jpUf;Nfhl;b ek;gp ,izabfs; thopNa.
thopGfo; Mste;jhh; kd;dUshy; vg;nghOJk;

thop jpUf; Nfhl;bek;gp thopaNt - thopa
tz;G+J}h; khKdpf;F tha;j;j rukg;nghUisj;
jpz;Gtpapy; Njh;e;Jiuf;FQ; rPh;.
ehs; ghl;L
re;jkKk; Gtpnaq;F kpFe;J fspj;J tsh;e;jpLehs;
jd;ikngUk; nry;tek;gp Fyk; nghpjh cah;e;jpLehs;
fe;jUthjpfs; mk;gukPJ fspj;jpir ghbLehs;
fQ;rkyh;j; jpUkhkfs; nry;tk; fspj;J tsh;e;jpL ehs;
ve;ijajpj; jiytd; jpU Ts;skjp ypire;jpLehs;
vz;birAk; rukg;nghUspdPh;ik ,yq;fp tpsq;fpLehs;
ee;JyTk; tay;thtp rpwe;j eye;jpfo; njd;Nfhl;bek;gp
cjpj;j itfhrp Nuhfpzp ehs; kpF ed;dhNs.
gpiwjtO kzpkhlg; ngUk;G+Jhh; KdptDf;F
kiwnghUis ntspahf;f itfhrp Nuhfpzpehs;
rpiwaspgz; gapy;nghOy; Gil#o; jpUf;Nfhl;bA+h;ek;gp
cwpeW nea;Az;Lfe;j xUtd;Nghy; mtjhpj;jhd;.
tprad; tpidnahopj;j nka;g;nghUisg; G+J}h;

tprad; Kdpf;fspj;j ts;sy; - jpirfkOk;
Njkyh;g;G+Q;Nrhiyj; jpUf;Nfhl;bA+h; ek;gp
jhkiug;G+e;jhNs ruz;.
vf;fiyAk; tho vjpuhrd; nrhy;thoj;

jf;fru kr;RNyhfk; jhd; tho – kpf;fGfo;j;
njd;duq;fk; thoj;jpUf;Nfhl;bA+h; ek;gp
,d;DnkhU E}w;whz; bUk;.
e) vq;fsho;thd; - rpj;jpiu
jdpad;
=tp\;Z rpj;j gjgq;f[ ]q;fkha NrNjh kk ];g;UàNj fpkj:

gNuz /
NehNrj; kkhgp ajpNஶfu ghujPehk; ght: fjk; gtpJkh;`jp
thf;tpNja: //
thopj;jpUehkk;
rPuhUk; nts;siwapy; rpwe;Jjpj;Njhd; thopNa

rpj;jpiu cNuhfpzp ehs; rpwf;fte;Njhd; thopNa
ghh;GfOk; vjpuhrd; gjk; gzpe;Njhd; thopNa
gq;far;nry;tpapd; gjq;fs; guTktd; thopNa
jpUf;FUifg;gpuhd;gps;shd; jpUtUNshd; thopNa
jPjpyh ghbaj;ijj; Njh;e;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa
jhuzpapy; tpz;L kjk; jiof;fte;Njhd; thopNa
jz;zpspNahd; vq;fhso;thd; jhspizfs; thopNa.
kq;fsk;
uf;jhg;[gj;u Nej;uha ஶ;Ntjhry epth]pNe /

=tp\;Zrpj;jepjpNah; epj;a=h; epj;akq;fsk; //
f) nghpathr;rhd;gps;is - Mtzp
jdpad;
]fyj;uhtplhk; eha ]hut;ahf;ahefhhpzk; /

ஶ;uhtNz Nuh`pzP [hjk; =fpU\;z FUkhஶ;uNa //
=kj;f;U\;z ]kh`;tha eNkh ahKe]{eNt /

aj;flhi�fy�;;ahzhk; ]{yg: =ju]; ]jh //
ehs; ghl;L – cgNjruj;jpdkhiy 39, 43, 46 ghRuq;fs;
gps;shd; eQ;rPah; nghpathr;rhd; gps;is *

njs;shh; tlf;Fj; jpUtPjpg; - gps;is *
kzthsNahfp jpUtha;nkhopiaf; fhj;j *
Fzthsh; vd;W neQ;Nr! $W.
ek;gps;is jk;Kila ey;yUshNytpapl*

gpd;;nghpathr;rhd;gps;is ajdhy; * - ,d;gh
tUgj;jp khwd;kiwg; nghUisr;nrhd;dJ*
,Ugj;Jehyhapuk;.
nghpathr;rhd;gps;is gpd;Gs;sitf;Fk; njhpa *

tpahf;fpiafs; nra;thy; * - mhpa
mUspr;nraw;nghUis ahhpah;fl;fpg;NghJ *
mUspr; nrayhaj;; jwpe;J.
thopj;jpUehkk;
jz;(d;)ik rpq;fk; Nuhfpzp ehs; jiof;f te;Njhd; thopNa *

jhuzpapy; rq;fey;Yhh; jhDilNahd; thopNa *
Gd;ik jtph; jpUtuq;fh; GfOiug;Nghd; thopNa *
G+Jhh; vjpuhrh; jhs; GfOktd; thopNa *
kd;Gfo; Nrh; rlNfhgh; tsKiug;Nghd; thopNa *
kiw ehypd; nghUs; jd;idg; gFj;Jiuj;jhd; thopNa *
md;Gld; cyfhhpah;jk; mbapizNahd; thopNa *
mgag;ujuhrh; jhs; mdtujk; thopNa.
jPjW ek;gps;is gjk; nrd;dpitg;Nghd; thopNa *
jpUkiyapy; khy;gjj;ijr; rpwe;J ngw;whd; thopNa *
Mjutha;j; jdpr;Nyhfp mUspdhd; thopNa *
Mo;thh;fs; nrhw;nghUis mwpe;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa *
XJGfo;r; rq;fey;Yhh; cfe;J ngw;whd; thopNa *
cNuhfpzp ehs; Mtzpapy; cjpj;jgpuhd; thopNa *
Vjkpnyz; %thapuk; ,ak;Gktd; thopNa *
vopy; nghpathr;rhd;gps;is ,izabfs; thopNa *
g) ehadhuhr;rhd; gps;is - Mtzp
jdpad;
ஶ;Uj;ah;j;j]hu[efk; ];k;Ujpghykj;uk;
gj;Nkhy;y]j;gftjq;f;hpGuhzge;Jk; /
[;Qhehjpuh[kgag;ujuh[Gj;uk;
m];kj;FUk; gukfhUzpfk; ekhkp //
h) =ngUk;G+jhh; xd;whd = vk;ghh; [Pah; ];thkp (=kj; guk`k;] mg;gd;

jpUNtq;fl uhkhE[ [Pah; ];thkp) – klk; ];jhgfh; - Mtzp
(jpUehuazGuk; njhl;lhrhh;ah; ];thkp jk; rp\;ah; vk;ghh; [Pah; ];thkpiag; gw;wp

rhjpj;j jdpad;)
=thJ}y ukhg;uths Urpu ];uf;i]e;aehjhk;r[

=Fh;tPe;j;u k`hh;a yg;j ep[]j; ]j;jk;r;hpjh gP\;lk; /
=uhkhE[ Kf;a Njrpfy]j; ifq;fh;a ]k;];jhgfk;
=kj; Ntq;fly�;;kzhh;a akpek; jk; ]j;Fzk; ghtNa //
jpUe�j;u jdpad;
m�ahg;Nj ]pk;k f;U\;z Nuh`pz;ahk; fypNjhjak;

uhkhE[gjr;rhahk; te;Nj Ntq;fl y�;kzk;
(<r;rk;ghb eurpk;khrhh;ah; rhjpj;jJ)
m�ahj;Nu ]pk;k f;U\;z Nuh`pz;ahk; [hjkhr;uNa

=g;uths FNuhh; rp\;ak; Kepk; Ntq;fl y�;kzk;
[ahg;Nj ]pk;` Nuh`pz;ahk; ]Q;[hjk; ]j;Fzhh;ztk;

=iry y�;kz Kepk; te;Nj thj;]y;a thhpjpk;
tpN� jdpad;
= thJ}y jahghj;uk; [;Qhdituhf;a thhpjk;

ajPe;j;u g;utzk; te;Nj Nfhtpe;jk; gf;jpk; Kepk;
thopj;jpUehkk;
rPh; ngUk;G+Jiur; nropg;gpj;Njhd; thopNa

jpUg;ghit rPaUsk; Njh;e;J czh;e;Njhd; thopNa
ghh;NkTk; gurkag; gw;wWj;Njhd; thopNa
ghbaj;jpd; cl;nghUisg; gfUktd; thopNa
fhhpRjd; jkpo;kiwf;Ff; fUj;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa
fUizahy; mbNaw;Ff; foyspj;Njhd; thopNa
VuhU Kdpjpyfk; vd te;Njhd; thopNa
vq;fs; vk;ghh; rPah;jkJ ,izabfs; thopNa.
Mtzpapy; cNuh`pzp ehs; mtjhpj;jhd; thopNa
md;gh;gzp nfhz;ltiu Mste;Njhd; thopNa
thd;GfOk; ngUk;G+J}h; te;jts;sy; thopNa
kzthskhKdp jhs; kwthNjhd; thopNa
G+Tyfpw; gurkaf; fisgwpj;Njhd; thopNa
E}yzp nra;AiuKiwNa Etd;Wfe;Njhd; thopNa
rP ghbaa; nghUspd; rPUiug;Nghd; thopNa
vk;ghh; Ntq;fluhkhE[h; jpUtbfs; thopNa.
rPh;ngUk;G+J}h; Ngh;ngw tho;e;J jpfo;e;J kfpo;e;jpL ehs;

rPuq;fhhpah; Njhs;tis ahop nropj;J kfpo;e;jpL ehs;
ghh;Gfo;tFsj; jhuzp khwd; fiyfs; nghype;jpL ehs;
guk;nghUshe;jpU khypd; ke;jpuk; gutp jpfo;jpL ehs;
NghhpL thjpah; jq;fs; nrUf;if alf;fp aspj;jpL ehs;
Ngh;ngW jpUehuhazGu kjpy; fiyfs; tpsq;fpL ehs;
fhuUshsh; Ntq;fl uhkhE[Kdp Njhd;wpL ehs;
ftpDw Nthq;fpLk; Mtzp apy;jpfo; Nuhfpzp ed;dhNs.
Kk;ik rhd; Nwhh; tho Kj;jkpo; Ntjk; tho

ek;ik Ailath; jhk; ehs; tho – nrk;ik Nrh;
kpd;DngUk;G+J}h; tho; Ntq;fl uhkhE[Nu
,d;DnkhU E}w;whz;bUk;.
vk;ghh; [Pah; ];thkpapd; kq;fsk; ];Nyhfk;
=ke; k`hh;a fUzh yg;j tp[;Qhd ]k;gNj /

=iry y�;;kz KNe: epj;a=h; epj;a kq;fsk; //
jPh;j;jk; : tp\{ tU\k; ij f;U\;z j;uNahjrp

5) kpUfrPhp\k;
a) jpUf;fr;rpek;gpfs; - khrp
jdpad;
Fk;Ng k;UfஶpNuhj; g+jk; ahKehu;a gjh=jk; /

Njtuh[ jahghj;uk; =Pfhq;rPg+h;z khஶ;uNa //
Njtuh[ jahghj;uk; =Pfhq;rP g+h;z Kj;jkk; /

uhkhE[ KNeu; khe;ak; te;Nj`k; ][;[ehஶ;uak; //
thopj;jpUehkk;
kUthUe; jpUky;yp tho te;Njhd; thopNa

khrpkpUfrPhplj;jpy; te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa
mUshsUld; nkhopnrhy; yjprapj;Njhd; thopNa
MWnkhop g+Jhuu;f; fspj;j gpuhd; thopNa
jpUthytl;lk; nra;J Nrtpg;Nghd; thopNa
Njtuhrhl;lfj;ijr; nrg;Gktd; thopNa
njUshU khste;jhu; jpUtbNahd; thopNa
jpUf;fr;rp ek;gp apUjpUtbfs; thopNa.
b) jpUf;FUifg;gpuhd; gps;shd; - Mtzp
jdpad;
]pk;N` k;UfஶpNuhj;G+jk; uhkhE[ gjh=hpjk; /

j;uhtplhk; Qhajj;t[;Qk; FUfhjpg kh];uNa //
j;uhtplhfk]hu[;Qk; uhkhE[gjhஶ;hpjk; /
]{jpak; FUNfஶhh;ak; ekhkpஶpu]hse;t`k; //
cgNjruj;jpdkhiy – 39,40,41 ghRuk; - ,th; ngUikia tpsf;FfpwJ
gps;shd; eQ;rPah; nghpathr;rhd; gps;is

njs;shh; tlf;Fj; jpUtPjpg; - gps;is
kzthsNahfp jpUtha;nkhopiaf;fhj;j
Ke;JwNt gps;shd; KjyhNdhh; nra;jUSk;
me;j tpahf;fpiaf sd;whfpy;. - me;Njh
jpUtha;nkhopg; nghUisj; Njh;e;Jiuf;fty;y
FUthh;. ,f;fhyk; nrQ;Nr! $W.
njs;shUk; Qhdj; jpUf;FUifg;gpuhd;

gps;shd;. vjpuhrh; NguUshy; - cs;shUk;
md;GlNd khwd; kiwg;nghUisad;Wiuj;jJ
,d;gkpF khwhapwk;.
c) Re;juj;NjhSilahd; - khrp
jdpad;
khyh juFNuh: Gj;uk; n]se;jh;aG[ Njஶpfk; /

uhkhD[hh;a ]r;rp\;ak; te;Nj tuf;Uzhepjpk; //
thopj;jpUehkk;
fhrpgew; Fyj;Jjpj;j fUizts;sy; thopNa

fiyaidj;Jk; kiwehd;Fk; fz;lwpe;Njhd; thopNa
NjRGfo; vjpuhrh; jpUtbNahd; thopNa
jpUkhiyahz;lhd; ew;wpUkfdhh; thopNa
khrpkpUf rPUlj;jpy; te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa
kiyaofh; jpUtbia tzq;Fktd; thopNa
khrwNt jkpo; kiwia tFj;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa
kjkpFew; Re;juhhpad; kyh; gjq;fs; thopNa.
d) xd;whd jpUf;NfhY}h; vk;ngUkhdhh; [Pah; - ij

(kzthskhKdpfspd; g;urp\;ah;)
jdpad;
G\;Na k;Uf ஶpNuhj;G+jk; =Nஶ\hkஶk`k; gN[ /

=kj;ajPe;jug;utz g;utzk; y�;kzk; Kepk; //
=Nஶy eu]pk;`hh;a =ghjfkyhஶ;hpjk; /

te;Nj ajPe;j;u; g;utzg;utzk; y�;kzk;Kepk; //
thopj;jpUehkk;
ijapy; kpUfrPUlj;jpy; juzp te;Njhd; thopNa

jz; NfhtY}h; efh; tpsq;fj; jhDjpj;Njhd; thopNa
itafj;jpy; <Liuf;Fk; thrfj;Njhd; thopNa
tuNahfp fUizapdhy; tho;jUs;Nthd; thopNa
nra;a ,ilfop Mad; nry;tk; tsh;j;Njhd; thopNa
rPuhUk; NfhtY}h; rpwf;f te;Njhd; thopNa
ikay;kpF Nfhty; vk;kpuhkhDrKdp thopNa
kyubAk; Kf;NfhYk; khepyj;jpy; thopNa.
Mhpah;fs; tho mUspr;nray; tho
jhuzpapy; G+q;NfhtY}h; tho - rPUila
kd;DGfo; vk;ngUkhdhh; KdpNa! khatNd!
kq;fs ];Nyhfk;
=kNj gzpuh[hk; ஶ KePe;j;uha k`hj;kNe /

=NfhgGhPth]ha epj;a=h; epj;a kq;fsk; //
6) jpUthjpiu
a) vk;ngUkhdhh; - rpj;jpiu
jdpad;
Nk\hh;j;uh ]k;gtk; tp\;Nzhh; jh;ஶe ];jhgNehj;]{fk; /

Jz;Bukz;lNy Nஶ\ %h;j;jpk; uhkhE[k; gN[//
$uj;jho;thd; mUspr;nra;jJ
Nahepj;akr;Aj gjhk;G[ Af;k Uf;k
t;ahNkh`j]; jjpjuhzp j;Uzha NkNe /
m];kj;FNuhh; gftNjh];a jiaf]pe;Njh:
uhkhE[];a runzs ஶuzk; g;ugj;Na //
ehs; ghl;L
cgNjruj;jpdkhiy - 27, 28, 29 ghRuq;fs;
,d;DyfPh; rpj;jpiuapNya;e;j jpUthjpiu ehs;

vd;iwapDkpd;wpjDf; Nfw;w nkd;jhd; - vd;wth;f;Fr;
rhw;Wfpd;Nwd; Nfz;kp ndjpuhrh; jk;gpwg;ghy;
ehw;wpirAk; nfhz;lhLk; ehs;.
Mo;thh;fs; jhq;f stjhpj;j ehs;fspYk;

tho;thd ehs; ekf;F kz;ZyfPh; - Vo;ghU
Ka;a ntjpuhrUjpj;jUSk; - rpj;jpiuapy;
nra;ajpUthjpiu.
ve;ijnajpuhr hpt;Tyfpnye;jkf;fh
te;Jjpj;j ehnsd;Dk; thrpapdhy; - ,e;jj;
jpUthjpiu jd;dpd; rPh;ikjid neQ;Nr
xUthk nyg;nghOJNkhh;.
thopj;jpUehkk;
mg;gps;is mUspAs;sJ
mj;jpfphp aUshsh; mbgzpe;Njhd; thopNa
mUl;fr;rp ek;gp ciu MW ngw;Nwhd; thopNa
gj;jpAld; ghbaj;ijg; gfh;e;jpl;lhd; thopNa
gjpd;kh;fiy cl;nghUisg; ghpe;J fw;whd; thopNa
Rj;j kfpo; khwd; mb njhOJa;e;Njhd; thopNa
rpj;jpiuapy; Mjpiu ehs; rpwf;f te;Njhd; thopNa
rPh; ngUk;G+Jhh; Kdptd; jpUtbfs; thopNa.
vz;birnaz; zpisaho;thh; vjpuhrd; thopNa

vOgj;J ehy;th;f;nfz;zhd; Fiuj;jhd; thopNa
gz;il kiwiaj; njhpe;j ghbaj;Njhd; thopNa
gufhyd; mbapiziag; guTktd; thopNa
jz;lkpo; Ehy; ek;kho;thh; ruzhdhd; thopNa
jhuzpAk; tpz;ZYFk; jhd; cilNahd; thopNa
njz;biu #o; G+Jhh; vk;ngUkhdhh; thopNa
rpj;jpiuapy; nra;a jpUthjpiuNahd; thopNa.
*khKdpfs; mUspAs;s thopj;jpUjhkk;

(Mh;j;jp g;uge;jk; 30, 31, 32)
rpuhUk; vjpuhrh; jpUtbfs; thop

jpUtiuapy; rhj;jpa nre;Jtuhil thop
VuhUk; nra;a tbT vg;nghOJk; thop
,yq;fpa Ke;Ehy; thop ,izj;Njhs;fs; thop
Nrhuhj Ja;a nra;a Kfr; Nrhjp thop
J}KWty; thop Jiz kyh;f; fz;fs; thop
<uhW jpUehkk; mzpe;j vopy; thop
,dpjpUg;NghL vopy; Qhd Kj;jpiu thopNa.
mWrkar; nrb mjid mb mWj;jhd; thopNa

mlh;e;J tUk; Fjpl;bfis mwj;Jue;jhd; thopNa
nrW fypiar; rpwpJkwj; jPh;j;J tpl;lhd; thopNa
njd;duq;fh; nry;tk; Kw;Wk; jpUj;jp itj;jhd; thopNa
kiw mjdpy; nghUs; midj;Jk; tha; nkhope;jhd; thopNa
khwd; ciu nra;j jkpo; kiw tsh;j;Njhd; thopNa
mwk;kpF ew;ngUk;G+Jhh; mtjhpj;jhd; thopNa
mofhUk; vjpuhrh; mbapizfs; thopNa.
rq;fu ghw;fuahjt ghl;lg; gpughfuh; jq;fs; kjk;
rha;Tw thjpah; kha;Fth; vd;W rJkiw tho;jpL ehs;
ntq;fyp ,q;fpdp tPW ekf;fpiy vd;W kpfj; jsh; ehs;
Nkjpdp ek; Rik MWk; vdj;Jah; tpl;L tpaq;fpa ehs;
kq;ifauhsp guhq;Fr Kd;dth; tho;T Kisj;jpL ehs;
kd;dpa njd;duq;fhGhp khkiy kw;Wk; cte;jpL ehs;
nrq;fay; thtpfs; #o; tay; ehSk; rpwe;j ngUk;G+Jhh;r;
rPkhd; ,isaho;thh; te;jUspa ehs; jpUthjpiu ehNs.
*,e;j thopj;jpUehkk; jhd; ngUk;ghYk; vy;yh Nfhapy;fspYk; rhw;W Kiwapd;

NghJ mEre;jpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
];thkp vk;ngUkhdhh; tbtoF - vk;ghh; mDgtpj;J mUspr;nra;jJ
gw;gnkdj;jpfo; igq;foYk; jz; (igq;foy; ce;jd;) gy;ytNk tpuYk;

ghtdkhfpa ige;Jtuhil gjpe;j kUq;foFk;
Kg;GhpE}nyhL Kd;ifapy; Ve;jpa Kf;Nfhy; jd;doFk; (epyhtoFk;)
Kd;dth; je;jpL nkhopfs; epiwe;jJ (epiwe;jpL) KWty; epyhtoFk;
fw;gfNk tpop fUiz nghope;jpL fky Kfj;joFk; (fkyf;fz;zoFk;)
fhhpRjd; foy; #ba KbAk; fdew;rpif moFk; (fdfew;rpifKbAk;)
vg;nghOJk; vjpuhrd; tbtoF vd; ,jaj;Jsjhy;
,y;iynadf;nfjph; ,y;iynadf;nfjph; ,y;iynadf;nfjpNu.
kq;fs ];Nyhfk;
=ke;k`hG+jGNu =kj;Nfஶta[;te: /
fhe;jpkj;ahk; g;u]{jha ajpuh[ha kq;fsk; //
=guhq;Fஶ ghjhg;[ ]{ugPf;Uj nksyNa /

=tj;] rp`;e ehjha ajpuh[ha kq;fsk; //
NஶN\h th i]e;a ehNjh th =gjph; Ntjp ]hj;tpif: /

tpjh;f;aha k`hg;uh[;iQh; gh\;afhuha kq;fsk; //
b) Nrhkhrpahz;lhd; - rpj;jpiu
jdpad;
neskp y�;kzNahfPe;j;u ghjN]itfjhuhfk; /

=uhkf;uJ ehjhh;ak; =gh\;ahk;Uj ]hfuk; //
c) myq;fhu Ntq;flth; (jpUNtq;flrhhpa ];thkp) - khh;fop
(mUshsg; ngUkhs; vk;ngUkhdhhpd; G+h;thr;uk jpUf;Fkhuh;)
jdpad;
=kj; jahghy KNe];jE}[k; jj;ghj N]thjp fjg;uNghjk;

=kj; ajPe;j; uhq;;fphp epkf;e rpj;jk; =nfs]pfk; Ntq;fl #hpkPNl
=uhkhE[ ghj gj;k Afsk; ]k;];Uj;a ]j;Nfh\;b\{

g;Nuk;zhyq;fpUj Ntq;fNl]FU hpj;ahf;ahk; guhk; g;uhg;jthe
Nahn]s nfs]pf Nj]pNfh Fzepjp: =tpQ;rGh;ahk; ];jpj:

jj;ghjhg;[ Afk; ekhkp ]jjk; ]k;]hu ]e;jhufk;
thopj;jpUehkk;
jpUkUTk; tpQ;irefh; nropf;f te;Njhd; thopNa

=ghbafhuub Nrh;e;Ja;e;Njhd; thopNa
mUshs khKdptdUs; ike;jd; thopNa
mUkiwE}y; khwDiu Ma;e;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa
kUspy; jpUkiy ek;gp kzthsd; thopNa
khh;fopapy; Mjpiuehs; kfpo;e;Jjpj;Njhd; thopNa
jpUtuq;fh; jhspizapd; jpwk; gfh;Nthd; thopNa
jpUNtq;flhrphpad; jpUtbfs; thopNa.
d) Ml;nfhz;ltpy;yp [Pah; - rpj;jpiu
jdpad;
[;Qhe ituhf;a ]k;ge;ek; uhkhD[gjhஶ;hpjk; /

rJh;j;jhஶ;uk ]k;ge;jk; ]k;akPe;juk; ehk;a`k; //
e) $uFNyhj;jk jh]h; - Ig;grp
jdpad;
Jyhh;j;uhahk; ]Kj;ge;ek; te;Nj Nyhfhh;a ]k;=jk; /

=iஶNyஶFNuhh; [;Qheg;ujk; $uFNyhj;jkk; //
jpahd ];Nyhfk;
Nyhfhrhh;a f;Ugh ghj;uk; nfsz;be;a FyG+\zk; /

]k];jhj;k Fzhth]k; te;Nj $uFNyhj;jkk; //
];takh`{a irNy] FuNth;j;jg;ujhej: /

yg;Njhjhuhgpjk;; $uFNyhj;jkk; m`k; gN[ //
thopj;jpUehkk;
re;jjK kho;thh;fs; jkpo; tsh;j;Njhd; thopNa

jhuzpapy; rpWey;Yhh; jhDilNahd; thopNa
ve;ij Ayfhhpaid apiwQ;Rktd; thopNa
,yF Jyh thjpiuap ypq;Fjpj;jhd; thopNa
,e;j Tyfj;Njhh;f; fpjKiuj;Njhd; thopNa
vopy;trd G+lzj;Jf; fpdpiknra;jhd; thopNa
Fe;jpefh;r; rpe;ijnfhz;l nry;tdhh; thopNa
$uFNyhj;jk jhrh; Fiufoy;fs; thopNa.
7) Gdh;G+rk;
a) rf;futh;j;jp jpUkfd; - rpj;jpiu
jdpad;
irj;ukhN] ]pNj gN� etk;ahQ;r Gdh;tn]s /

kj;ah`;Ne fh;f;fNl yf;Ne [hjk; uhkk; ]khஶ;uNa //
nfs]y;ah ஶ{ஶ{Ng Nje Gj;Nuzhkpj Nj[]h /
ajhtNuz Njtheh kjpjph; t[;ughzpeh //
kq;fsk;
kq;fsk; Nfh]Nye;j;uha kèPa Fzhj;kNe /

rf;uth;j;jp jEh[ha ]hh;t ngskha kq;fsk; //
b) FyNrfuho;thh; - khrp
jdpad;
Fk;Ng Geh;tn]s [hjk; NfuNs tQ;rp kz;lNy /

nfs];Jghk; ஶk; juhjP ஶk; FyNஶfukhஶ;uNa //
F\;aNj a];a efNu uq;fahj;uh jpNe jpNe /

jk`k; ஶpu]h te;Nj uh[hek; FyNஶfuk; //
ehs; ghl;L - cgNjruj;jpdkhiy - 13 ghRuk;
khrpg;Gdh;G+rk; fhz;kpdpd;W kz;ZyfPh;

Njrpj;jptrj;Jf; Nfnjd;dpy; - NgRfpd;Nwd;
nfhy;ypefh;f;Nfhd; FyNrfud; gpwg;ghy;
ey;yth;fs; nfhz;lhLk; ehs;.
thopj;jpUehkk;
mQ;rdkh kiyg;gpwtp ahjhpj;Njhd; thopNa

mzpauq;fh; kzj;Jhid aile;Ja;e;Njhd; thopNa
tQ;rpefuk; jd;dpy; thote;Njhd; thopNa
khrpjd;dpw; Gdh;G+rk; te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa
mQ;rnydf; Flg;ghk;gp yq;ifapl;lhd; thopNa
metuj kpuhkfij aUSktd; thopNa
nrQ;nrhy;nkhop Ehw;wQ;RQ; nrg;gpdhd; thopNa
Nruyh;Nfhd; nrq;fkyj;jpUtbfs; thopNa.
c) Kjypahz;lhd; - rpj;jpiu
jdpad;
NkN\ Geh;t]{jpNe jhஶuj;ak;ஶ ]k;gtk; /

ajPe;j;ughJfhgpf;ak; te;Nj jhஶujpk; FUk; //
ghJNf ajpuh[];a fjae;jp ajhf;aah /

j];;a jhஶuNj: ghnjs ஶpu]h jhuahk;a`k; //
m[`j; ghfpNeaj;tk; ghJfhj;tk; j;hpjz;ljhk; /

]k;g;uhg;jk; ajpuh[];a te;Nj jhஶujpk; FUk; //
=it�;zt ஶpNuh G�h =uhkhE[ ghJfh /

=thJ}y FNyhj;jk;]: =jhஶujpNujjhk; //
thopj;jpUehkk; - mg;gps;is mUspaJ
*mj;jpfphp aUshsh; mbgzpe;Njhd; (mUs; ngWNthd;) thopNa

mUl;gr;ir thuzj;jpy; mtjhpj;jhd; thopNa
rpj;jpiuapy; Gdh;G+rk; rpwf;f te;Njhd; thopNa
rPghba kPLKjy; rPh;ngWNthd; thopNa
cj;jkkhk; thJhyk; caute;Njhd; thopNa
Ch;jpUe;jr; rPh;ghjk; Cd;wpdhd; thopNa
Kj;jpiuAk; nrq;NfhYk; KbngWNthd; thopNa
Kjypahz;lhd; nghw;gjq;fs; CopNjhWk; thopNa.
*,e;j thopj;jpUehkk; jhd; ngUk;ghYk; vy;yh Nfhapy;fspYk; rhw;W

Kiwapd; NghJ mDre;jpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
rpj;jpiuapy; Gdh;G+rk; rpwf;f te;Njhd; thopNa

=uq;fuh[ub rpe;ij nra;Nthd; thopNa
gj;jpAld; gjpd;kh; fiy ghpe;jspg;Nghd; thopNa
ghJifaha; ajpgjpjhs; gjpf;Fktd; thopNa
Kf;jpjUk; vl;nlOj;ij nkhope;jUs;Nthd; thopNa
Kf;Nfhy; vd;W vjpuhrh; nkhop ngw;Nwhd; thopNa
jj;JtEhy; ghr\paj;ij jhpj;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa
jhrujp cgakyh;j; (espdkyh;j;) jhspizfs; thopNa.
mj;jpfphp aUshsh; mbgzpe;Njhd; thopNa
mdtujk; vjpuhrh; mbnjhONthd; thopNa
rpj;jpiuapy; Gdh;tRehs; rpwf;f te;Njhd; thopNa
rPghbar; nrOk;nghUis nrg;Gktd; thopNa
gr;irthuhzk; tpsq;f ghh;it nra;jhd; thopNa
gufhyd; mbapizfs; guTktd; thopNa
cj;jk thJhyFyk; cfe;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa
ca;aJiz Kjypahz;lhd; xz;gjkpuz;Lk; thopNa.
ehs; ghl;L
vl;Lkpuz;LlNdjkpy; NtjK NkhjpAzh;e;jpLehs;

vq;Fkplh;nfl mq;fKghq;fKNkhq;fpAah;e;jpL ehs;
kl;ltpOk; nghopy; kd;Dk; muq;fh;jk; nrq;Nfhy; rpwe;jpL ehs;
khFlghiye;J ehuzdhh;gjp tho;T nghype;jpLehs;
,l;lKah;e;njjpuhrUld; kiwKg;GhpA+l;ba ehs;
vd; kUkhd; vd;wpth; gjKk; jz;lKkhf;fpf; nfhz;lUs; ehs;
rpl;lh; kfpo;e;jpl jhrujpf;FU Nghe;J gpwe;jUs; ehs;
rpj;jpiuapy; Gdh;G+rkjhfpa nry;tk; kfpe;jpL ehNs.
d) vk;ghh; - ij
jdpad;
uhkhE[ gjr;rhah Nfhtpe;jh`; theghapeP /

jjhaj;j ];t&gh ]h [Pahe; kj;tpஶ;uk];jyP //
G\;Na Geh;t]{ jpNe [hjk; Nfhtpe;j Njஶpfk; /

uhkhE[ gjhk;Ngh[ uh[`k;]k; ]khஶ;uNa //
thopj;jpUehkk;
G+tsUk; jpUkfshh; (jpUkfshy;) nghypTw;Nwhd; thopNa

ngha;ifKjy; gjpd;kh;fiyg; nghUSiug;Nghd; thopNa
khtsUk; G+J}ud; kyh;g;gjj;Njhd; thopNa
kfuj;jpy; Gdh;G+rk; te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa
NjTk; vg;NghUSk; gilf;fj; jpUe;jpdhd; thopNa
jpUkiy ek;gpf; fbik nra;Aktd; thopNa
ghitah;fs; fytpapUs; gfnyd;whd; thopNa
gl;lh;njhOk; vk;ghh; nghw;gj kpuz;Lk; thopNa.
ehs; ghl;L
kl;ltpo;; G+k; (kl;ltpOk;) nghopy; koiy ed;dfh; tho;ts Nkhq;fpa ehs;

tl;lkzpf;Fy khjth; kdkpir tho;r;rp tsh;;e;jpL (kfpo;e;jpL) ehs;
fl;lkfd;nwhUfhy; ,isaho;thh; fr;rpnghUe;jpa ehs;
fl;ltpOk;gb fhrpdpNahh;f;nfhU fw;gfkhfpa ehs;
gl;lhplh;nfl gh\;afhuh;jk; ghh;it gypj;jpL ehs;
gl;lguhruh; ghJifahf;fpa gukd; cjpj;jpL ehs;
nghl;lzp khjh;jk; ngha;f;fytpf; fpUs; Nghe;;jzpah
vk;ghh; (Nghe;jUs;) Nghe;J gpwe;jpLk;, ijajdpy; Gdh;G+rk; mnjD ehNs.
jpUtuq;fk; jpUf;FU$h; jpUNtq;flk; tho

jpUtj;jpA+h; Kjyhd jpUg;gjpfs; jhk; tho
fhjYld; fly;R+o;e;j Qhyj;Nj te;Jjpj;j
Nfhtpe;j khKdpNa! ,d;DnkhU E}w;whz;bUk;.
kq;fs ];Nyhfk;
kq;fsk; NjஶpNfe;j;uha kq;fsk; Fz ]pe;jNt /

kq;fsk; Nfhtpe;jhh;aha epj;a=h; epj;a kq;fsk; //
e) fe;jhilahz;lhd; - khrp
jdpad;
Fk;Ng Geh;tn]s [hjk; uhkhE[ FUk; gN[ /

mfNuhj; ajpuh[hh;r;rhk; uq;Nf G+jGNu ra: //
];thtjhu];jNysh;r;rhG+j; =uq;Nf r ajPஶ;tu: /

ae;KNj jk Fzhth]kukhE[FUk; gN[ //
thopj;jpUehkk;
khrpjdpy; Gdh;G+rk; te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa
kz;Zyfpy; vjpuhrh; kyubNahd; thopNa
NjRila Kjypahz;lhd; jpUkfdhh; thopNa
nrOkhiy ed;whh; Jauk; jPh;j;Jtpl;lhd; thopNa
tha;rpwe;j ijtj;ij kdj;jpy; itg;Nghd; thopNa
tz;ik ngUk;G+J}hpy; te;jUs;Nthd; thopNa
fhrpdpNahh;f;fpjg; nghUisf; fhl;Lktd; thopNa
fe;jhilahz;lhd; jd; foypizfs; thopNa.
f) xd;whd thdkhkiy uhkhE[ [Pah; (nghd;dbf;fhy; [Pah;) - Gul;lhrp
jdpad;
fhe;Njhgae;j;U Kepth;a flh� ghj;uk;

[;Qhehjp\l;Fz fzhk;Uj thhpuhஶpk; /
fe;ahGeh;t]{ g[hjkeh;f;fஶPyk;
uhkhE[k; ffeiஶy Kepk; g[hkp //
epj;aj;jdpad;-Nrhsrpk;kGuk; Nfhapy; fe;jhil njhl;ilahrhhpah; mUspaJ
uk;a [hkhj;U NahfPe;ju ghjNufhkak; ]jh /

jjhaj;jhj;k]j;jhjpk; uhkhE[ Kepk; gN[ //
thopj;jpUehkk;
jpUtpUe;j kyh;j; jhs;fs; thopNa

rpwe;j nre;JtuhilAk; thopNa
jUtpUe;jif Kf;NfhYk; thopNa
jlk; Gaj;jpdpy; rq;fhop thopNa
kUT nfhz;ly; kzths Nahfpia
tho;j;jp tha;e;jUs; tha; kyh; thopNa
fUiz NkTk; ,uhkDr Kdp
fdf nksyp fye;Jhop thopNa.
mbath; jk; Jauidj;Jk; mWj;jUs;Nthd; thopNa

mzpnghopy; rPtukq;if mtjhpj;Njhd; thopNa
fbnghopy;R+o; G+Jhh;kd; foy; gzpe;Njhd; thopNa
fUj;ijalh; Gyd;fs; Ie;Jk; fbe;Jtpl;Nlhd; thopNa
tlnkhop njd;nkhop kiwfs; tFj;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa
kzths khKdpia tho;j;Jktd; thopNa
,lUjjp KOFk; vid vLj;jspg;Nghd; thopNa
vd;dg;gd; ,uhkD[ Kdptd; thopNa.
gzthsutpy; Japy; muq;Nfrh; gjk; gzpAk;

kzths khKdp; khkyu;j; jhs;;fis tho;j;Jk; ey;y
Fzthsd; ve;ij ,uhkhDrKdpf; Nfhjpy; gjk;
jzth epjp ekf;F vd;nwd;;W ehNlhWk; rhw;W neQ;Nr.
rPPh;
thop ,uhkhDr Kdptd; khkyh;j; jhs;
thopatd; fUiz khNdhf;Fk; - thopNa
ve;ij kzths Kdp ,d;dUshy; khwd; ,irr;
nre;jkpioj; Njh;e;Jiuf;Fk; rPh;.
g) gj;jq;fp gut];J gl;lh;gpuhd; [Pah; - fhh;j;jpif
jdpad;
a: Geh;t]{e�j;Nu t;U];rpf];Nj uthTijj; /

re;Njhftk;N] Nfhe;jgl;lehjk; jkh];uNa //
t;Uஶ;rpNfSjpjpNg[hjk; gut];j;tk;ஶG+\zk; /
tuNahfp gjhjhuk; gl;lehjKdpk; gN[ //
tuNahfp gjhjhuk; gut];j;tk;ஶ G+\zk; /

gl;lehj Kdpk; te;Nj jPgf;j;ahjp Fzhh;ztk; //
uk;ah[hkhj;U NahfPe;j;u ghjN]itf jhufk; /

gl;ljhj Kdpk; te;Nj thj;]y;ahjp Fzhh;ztk; //
t;Uஶ;rpNf jpjpNg[hjk; tuNahfp gjhr;hpjk; /

fhh;f;a tk;] ]Kj;G+jk; gl;lehjKepk;; gN[ //
thopj;jpUehkk;
,d;Dyfpy; fr;rpjdpy; te;Jjpj;Njhd; thopNa

vopy; fhh;j;jpg; Geh;G+rj;jpq;Fw;whd; thopNa
kd;Dkiwj; jz;lkpio kfpo;e;Jiuj;jhd; thopNa
kzths Nahfp kyh;j;jhs; gzpNthd; thopNa
gd;D rpr;rd; mDl;lhdk; mwptpj;jhd; thopNa
ghhpy; ml;ljpf;faj;jpy; Ngh; ngw;whd; thopNa
nrhd;dnewp kJuftp NghYktd; thopNa
Jha;ikkpF gl;lh;gpuhd; Jizabfs; thopNa.
h) xd;whd ,uhkhE[k;gps;is (Mj;jhd; ];thkpapd; jpUj;jfg;gdhh;) - gq;Fdp
jdpad;
te;Nj thd k`h iஶy uhkhE[ Kepg;hpak; /

uhkhE[hh;ak; ]h;tf;Qk; thj;]he;ta tpG+\zk; //
cjpjk; ghy;FNdkh]p Geh;t]; tgpNahLep /

thj;];a uhkhE[hrhh;ak; te;Nj ];j;Fz ]hfuk; //
rPh;
thop ,uhkhErk; gps;is khkyh;j;jhs; (fs;)

thopatd; KLk;ig khefuk; - thopNa
me;jkpy; rPh; khwd; kiwg;nghhUis mk;GtpNahh;
rpe;ijAwj; Njh;e;Jiuf;Fk; rPh;.
thopj;jpUehkk;
vq;fs; kzthsKdp ,izabfs;

kwthj ,uhkhEr Kepgjk;
,jaj;Nj itj;jUs; KLk;igah;
Fyhjpgd; ,uhkhE[k; gps;is jd;
nghq;FGfo; nghiw f;Uig MrhuePjpf;F
nghUisg;Aiuf;f ntd;why;
,td; G+tNdh, md;wp khNyh, NrlNdh,
md;wp G+h;th;fspy; ek;gps;isNah
mq;fKld; ehd;kiwfs; jkpo; nra;j
Mo;thh;fs; midtUila MfhuNkh
Mo;fliyadz nra;j mgpuhk ePjpfij
mUs; nra;j thy;kPfpNah
jq;F GfNohh; jjPajh;rdk; thoNt
jhuzpapy; te;Jjpj;Njhd;
rj;jpa nkj;jpirAk; tPRGfo; vjpurhh;
jk;Kila mtjhuNk.
gq;Fdpapy; Gdh;G+rk; ghUjpj;jhd;; thopNa

gz;Gila tujhh;ad; jpUtbNahd; thopNa
rq;FlNd jpUthop rfj;jspg;Nghd; thopNa
rJh;kiwNah BLgh\;ak; rjKiug;Nghd; thopNa
jq;FGfo;r; rlNfhgd; jtkilNahd; thopNa
juzpkpF kUshsh;jhs; njhONthd; thopNa
vq;F nkhyp kiwKLk;ig naa;jpdhd; thopNa
vopYila tpuhkhD[k;gps;is ,izg;gjq;fs; thopNa.
cj;jkkhk; KLk;igefh; cjpj;jgpuhd; thopNa

cyfhhpad; fiygyGk; ciue;jUs;Nthd; thopNa
kj;jpkkhk; gjg;nghUis tho;tpj;Njhd; thopNa
kfpo;khwd; epakdj;jhy; FUif te;Njhd; thopNa
mj;jpfphp mUshsh;f; fd;GilNahd; thopNa
mtdp ca;a Mj;jhid mUspdhhd; thopNa
Rj;jKil Gdh;G+r tpUr;rfj;Njhd; thopNa
njhy;Gfo; ,uhkhD[k;gps;is Jizabfs; thopNa.
njhq;fy;
Njrpfh;fs; thoj; jpUtha;nkhop tho

khrpy;Gfo; khwditjhk; tho - fhrpdpapapy;
kd;DGfo; FUifte;j ,uhkhDrhhpaNd
i) mj;jq;fp ftpG+\zk; Fkhu jhj;jhr;rhhpahh; ];thkp – gq;Fdp

(Vl;^h; rpq;fuhrhh;ah; ];thkp jpUtk;rj;jth;)
jdpad;
aj;ghj gj;kAfyP juzph;f;fgPuh

]k;]hu ]hfu ]Kj;juzha [e;Njh:
jk;=Fkhu ftpG+\z jhj]{hpk;
=iஶy Ntq;fl FNuh];jeak; gN[k.
jpUe�j;u jdpad;
tpgtஶujp kPNekh]p aஶ;ஶ{f;ygN�

etkjpjpAjhahk; jhufhah kjpj;ah:
uFgjphpt [[;NQ jk; Fkhuhgpjhek;
FUtuk`kPNl jhjtk; ஶhjtk;]k;.
rPh; ghl;L
thop naopw; Fkhu jhjhh;ad; thopatd;

jho;tpy;yhg; nghd;dbfs; jhk; thop - thopatd;
nre;jkpNohlhhpaj;jpw; Nrh;e;jpL Ntjhe;jr;
rpe;jhg; nghUSiuf;Fk; rPh.;
thopj; jpUehkq;fs;
mile;jth;fs; jk; Jaiu mWj;jUs;Nthd; thopNa

mUkiwapd; fUj;jjid aspj;jpLNthd; thopNa
kpile;j guthjpahpd; kpLf;nfhopg;Nghd; thopNa
Nkyhd nghUsjid tphpj;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa
gilj;j Gfo;r; rlkU\zf;Fyj;Njhd; thopNa
gq;Fdpapw; Gdh;t]{ehs; ghUjpj;Njhd; thopNa
nfhilAil Ntq;flFUjhs; nrd;dpkpir nfhs;Sk;
Fkhu jhjhrhhpad; Fiufoy;fs; thopNa.
nra;a ngUq; fky Kwo; jpUtbfs; thopNa
rPuhUk; jpUtiuapw;wpfo;fiyAk; thopNa
Ja;ajpUTe;jpNahL J}a;khh;Gk; thopNa
NjhkW ew;Ghp E}Yk; NjhspizAk; thopNa
ifA kjpnyhsph; Qhd Kj;jpiuAk; thopNa
fUjhpa Ntjhe;j Kiu gtsk; thopNa
ngha;apy;yhf; fUiz kionghop eaek; thopNa
Nghj epiw Fkhu jhjhrhhpad; thopNa.
ehs; ghl;L
rJkiw ew;nghUs; jhuzpkPjpdpy; ed;F jioj;jpLehs;

jhkiu Nktpakhkfs;Nfhd;kpFjfTl Ndhq;fpLehs;
kJepiwkhkfpo; khwdspj;jUs; khkiwtho;e;jpLehs;
khypDah;r;rpia kz;zpdpy; ehl;nljpuhrd; kfpo;e;jpLehs;.
tpJGiufiy epiwtpGjh;fs; G+kptpsq;fp Aiwe;jpLehs;

Ntjpah; Nktpa jpUty;ypf;Nfzpapy; tPWepiwe;jpLehs;
FJfy neQ;Ril tQ;rfthjpah;nfhs;if Fiwe;jpLehs;
Fkhu jhjhhpah; jpUttjhpj;jUs; ehs; Gdh;t]{ehNs.
8) G+rk;
a) nry;tg;gps;is - gq;Fdp
jdpad;
]h;t]k;gj;g;ujk; e;&zhk; ]k;gj;Gj;uk; ஶ;hpa: gjpk; /

kPNe G\;Na aJfpnus f;;Ujhtph;g;ght khஶ;uNa //
kq;fs ];Nyhfk;
fkyhFr f];JhhP fh;j;jkhq;fpj t�N] /

ahjthj;hp epth]ha ]k;gj;Gj;uha kq;fsk; //
b) jpUf;Nfhl;bA+h; nry;t ek;gp - Mtzp
thopj;jpUehkk;
md;dtay; Nfhl;b efh;f;fjpgjpNahd; thopNa

MtzpNrh; G+rj;jpy; mtj;jhpj;jhd; thopNa
tz;zkyuhs; Nfhdha; te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa
kiwath;Nfhd; gl;lh;gpuhd; tho;j;Jktd; thopNa
gd;;Dgy ew;fiyfs; gapYktd; thopNa
gz;;GlNd Nfhl;bek;gp gzpAktd; thopNa
njd;dtDf;fhhpadha;j; Njh;e;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa
nry;t ek;gp jpUtbfs; rfjyj;jpy; thopNa.
c) gpujpthjp gaq;fuk;mz;zh - Mb
jdpad;
fh;f;fNl G\;a]Q;[hjk; thjpgPfukhஶ;uNa /

Ntjhe;jhrhh;a ]r;rp\;ak; tuNahfp gjhஶ;hpjk; //
Ntjhe;jNjஶpf flh� tpt;Uj;jNghjk;

fhe;Njhgae;j;Uakpe: fUizfghj;uk; /
tj;]he;tthak etj;aFizUNgjk;
gf;j;ah g[hkp guthjpgaq;fuhh;ak; //
thopj;jpUehkk;
kd;DGfo; kzths Kdpf;fd;gd; thopNa

khwd; rlNfhkd;nkhop tOthjhd; thopNa
md;iwapYk; mile;jth;ghy; mUSilNahd; thopNa
milTlNd Ntjhe;jk; mwpe;Jiuj;jhd; thopNa
vd;idAe;jd; ,d;dUshy; vLj;jspj;jhd; thopNa
,uz;LyFk; jd;Gfio Naj;Jktd; thopNa
gd;Dfiy Mo;thh;fs; gjKilNahd; thopNa
guthjp gaq;fudhh; gbapnyd;Wk; thopNa.
ehs; ghl;L
vj;jpirAk; GfNohq;fp tsh;e;jpl te;J gpwe;jpLehs;

Vuzp fPh;j;jp vk;ngUkhdhh; jk; jhprdk; Va;e;jpLehs;
gj;jp tpuj;jpfs; ghq;fpdp Nyhq;fplg; ghhpid ca;j;jpLehs;
ghtdkhfpa gukgje;jdpy; thry; jpwe;jpLehs;
Kj;jpjUk; efNuopdpy; rPhpa fr;rp tpsq;fpLehs;
Kd;dth; mUspa nkhopfs; tpsq;fpl tPW ngWj;jpL ehs;
xj;j Klk;igf; Fyj;jpNyhh; rPhpa thjp gaq;fudhh;
cyfpy; cjpj;jpL ehs; jpUthbapy; G\;ankDk; ehNs.
khiyGid Njhshd; kzths khKdptd;

Nfhyk; kwthj nfhz;lNy - ghyKjk;
vd;Dk; guthjp gaq;fu kz;zNd
,d;dnkhU Ehw;whz;bUk;.
kq;fs ];Nyhfk;
kq;fsk; FUth;aha kq;fsk; Fz]pe;jNt /

=thjp gPjpfuhh;aha epj;a=h; epj;akq;fsk; //
d) =ngUk;G+J}h; xd;whd ajpuh[ [Pah; - Ig;grp
jdpad;
Jyh G\;a ]Kj;G+jk; =kj; G+jGuhjpgk; /

ajpuh[ k`hnksepk; ke;j;uuj;e g;ujk; gN[ //
=kj; uhkhE[hq;f;hp g;utz tuKNe: ghJfk; [hjg;Uq;fk;

=kj; thehj;hp uhkhE[ fzFU ]j;;itgt ];Njhj;ujP�k; /
thJ}y =epth]hh;a ruz ஶuzk; jj;f;Ugh yg;jgh\;;ak;
te;Nj g;uh[;Qk; ajPe;j;uk; tutujFNuh: g;uhg;j gf;jhk;Ujhh;j;jk; //
thopj;jpUehkk;
nra;a jhkiuj;; jhspid thopNa

rpwe;jnre;JtuhilAk; thopNa
Ja;a khh;gpdpy; kzptlk; thopNa
Jyq;F NjhSW Ke;E}Yk; thopNa
ifapNye;jpa Kf;NfhYk; thopNa
fUizahh; jpUf;fz;kyh; thopNa
ngha;apyhj ntjpuhrkhKdp
GtpapNyhq;;fpa Gfo;tsk; thopNa.
nrQ;nrhy; khj;jkpo; kiwapd; rpwg;Giug;Nghd; thopNa

nra;aJ}yhg;;G+rj;jpw; rpwe;Jjpj;N;jhd; thopNa
jQ;rnkdg;G+Jhud;; jhs;;gzpNthd; thopNa
juhjyj;Njhh; Fiwnahopf;Fk; jz;zspNahd; thopNa
fQ;rkyh;f; fz;zidNa fUj;jikg;;Nghd; thopNa
fbnghopy; ew;G+J}ud; foy;gzpNthd; thopNa
mQ;rnyd tile;Njhiu ahjhpg;Nghd; thopNa
MrpnyjpuhrKdpabapizfs; thopNa.
mbahh;fs; tho mtdpANshh; tho

rlNfhgd; jz;lkpOk; tho - gbkPjpy;
,d;Dapiu ahSk; vjpuhr khKdpNa
9) Mapy;ak;
a) khwNdhp ek;gp - Mdp
jdpad;
kpJNe ]hh;g;gNg [hjk; ahKehh;agjh=jk; /

cj;jhufk; ajPe;j;u];a khuNehp FUk;gN[ //
ahKehrhh;a]r;rp\;ak; uq;f];jy epth]pek; /

[;Qhegf;j;ahjp [yjpk; khuNdhpFUk;gN[ //
thopj;jpUehkk;
Mdpjdpy; Mapypak; mtjhpj;jhd; thopNa

Mste;jhh; jpUtbfs; Mr;uapj;Njhd; thopNa
khepyk; vjpuhrh;kdk; tho;tpj;Njhd; thopNa
kjpsuq;fefukjpy; tho;e;jUs;Nthd; thopNa
NjdkUk; njd;nkhopapd; rpwg;gwpe;Njhd; thopNa
jpfo;Qhd gf;jpfshy; Nrh;e;jpUg;N;ghd; thopNa
thdthpy; nghUthpq;F kfpo;e;Jte;Njhd; thopNa
khwNdhp ek;gpapiz kyubfs; thopNa.
b) gps;isAuq;fhtpy;ypjh]h;- khrp
jdpad;
Fk;Ng rh];;Ny\]k;G+jk; [;Qhehjp Fz]hfuk;

uhkhE[hh;a ]r;rp\;ak; jEh;jh] k`k;gN[.
[hf&fk; jE\;ghzpk; ghnzs fl;f ]ke;tpjk;

uhkhE[ ];gh;]Ntjpk; uhj;jhe;jhh;j;jg;ufhஶfk;.
c) Nfhapy; nfhkhz;^h; ,isatpy;yp Mr;rhd; - rpj;jpiu
jdpad;
=nfsஶpfhe;ta k`hk;Gjp G+h;zre;j;uk; /

=gh\;afhu [eeP ]`[h jEh[k; //
=iஶyG+h;z gjgq;f[ ]f;jrpj;jk; /

=ghyje;tp FUth;a k`k; g[hkp //
=ajPe;j;u khj;U ];t];;hPa: g;ujpjhh;agNj ];jpj: /

%yG+j: nfsrpfhehk; jk; te;Nj ghyje;tpek; //
thopj;jpUehkk;
gj;jpAld; gjpd;kh;fiyg; gfUktd; thopNa

gz;luq;fh; gjk;neQ;rpy; gw;wp epd;whd; thopNa
vj;jpuhrh; ,izabNa jQ;rnkd;whd; thopNa
vopy; kiwapd; Vhpf;Nfhh; kjfhdhd; thopNa
Kj;jpjUk; newpjd;id nkhope;jUs;Nthd; thopNa
%J jpUkiyek;gpf; fhl;nra;jhd; thopNa
rpj;jpiuapy; Mapy;ak; rpwf;f te;jhd; thopNa
rPh; ghyjd;tp FU jpUj;jhs;fs; thopNa.
rPuhUk; jpUg;gjpapy; jpfo;e;jpUe;jhd; thopNa

Ntq;flth; jhspizia tpUk;Gktd; thopNa
VuhUk; vjpuhrd; ,izabNahd; thopNa
rPuhUk; mth; jha;f;Fg; gpd;dts; jead; thopNa
gj;jpAld; ghbaj;ijr; nrg;Gktd; thopNa
vopy; rpj;jpiu Mapypak; te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa
ghh; tpsq;Fk; nfhkhz;^hpy; mtjhpj;jhd; thopNa
me;jkpy; rPh;,isatpy;ypg; gudbfs; thopNa.
10) kfk;
a) jpUkopiraho;thh; - ij
jdpad;
kfhahk; kfNu khN] rf;uhk; ஶk; ghh;f;fNthj;gtk; /

k`P]hhGuhjPஶk; gf;jp]huk`k; gN[ //
ஶf;jp gQ;rka tpf;u`hj;kNe ஶ{f;;jp`hu [pjrpj;j `hhpNz /

Kf;jp jhaf KuhhpghjNahh; gf;jp]huKuNa eNkh ek: //
ehs; ghl;L - cgNjruj;jpdkhiy – 12Mk; ghRuk;
ijapy; kfkpd;W jhuzpaPh; Vw;wk;. ,e;jj;

ijapy; kfj;Jf;Fr; rhw;Wfpd;Nwd; - Ja;akjp
ngw;w kopirg;gpuhd; gpwe;jehnsd;W
ew;wth;fs; nfhz;lhLk; ehs;.
thopj;jpUehkk;
md;Glde;jhjp njhz;Z}w;whWiuj;jhd; thopNa

mofhUe; jpUkopir akh;e;jnry;td; thopNa
,d;gkpF ijapy; kfj; jpq;Fjp;j;jhd; thopNa
vopy; re;jtpUj;jk; Ew;wpUgjPe;jhd; thopNa
Kd;Gfj;jpy; te;Jjpj;j Kdptdhh; thopNa
KOg;ngUf;fpy; nghd;dpnajph; kpje;j nrhy;Nyhd; thopNa
ed;Gtpapy; ehyhapuj;njOE}w;whd; thopNa
eq;fs; gf;jprhuh; ,U ew;gjq;fs; thopNa.
b) kzf;fhy; ek;gp - khrp
jdpad;
Fk;gkhN] kNfhj;G+jk; uhkkpஶ;u Kgh];kN` /

Gz;lhPfh� ghjhg;[ ]khஶ;uaz ஶhypek; //
maj;eNjh ahKekhj;kjh] ksh;f;f gj;uhh;g;gz ep\;f;uNaz /

Nah f;hPjtheh];jpj nastuh[;ak; ekhkp jk; uhkkNka ]j;j;tk; //
thopj;jpUehkk;
NjrKa;af; nfhz;lth; jhs; nrd;dpitg;Nghd; thopNa

njd;duq;fh; rPuUisr; Nrh;e;jpUg;Nghd; thopNa
jhrujp jpUehkk; jiof;f te;Njhd; thopNa
jkpo; ehjKdpAfg;igj; jhgpj;jhd; thopNa
NerKldhhpaid epakpj;jhd; thopNa
ePzpyj;jpy; gjpd;kh;fiy epWj;jpdhd; thopNa
khrp kfe;jdpy; tpsq;f te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa
khy; kzf;fhy; ek;gp gjk; itafj;jpy; thopNa.
c) jpUkhiyahz;lhd; (Mste;jhh; rp\;ah;) - khrp
jdpad;
gf;jhk;Ujk; thQ;rpj ghhp[hjk; khyhjuk; ahKeghjgf;jk; /

=gh\;afhuhh;j;j `pNjhgNjஶk; =[;Qhe G+h;zk; ஶpu]h ekhkp //
thopj;jpUehkk;
mk;Gtpap yhste;jh ubapizNahd; thopNa

Mhpadh kth;gjj;ij ad;Gnra;Njhd; thopNa
ntk;gptUk; thjpaiu Nth;fise;Njhd; thopNa
Nkjpdpapy; ehYhh; tpsq;fte;Njhd; thopNa
vk;ngUkhndjpuhrw; fPLiuj;jhd; thopNa
Vw;wKs;s khrpkf kpyq;fte;Njhd; thopNa
tk;gtpOk; Nrhiykiy thote;Njhd; thopNa
khyh juhhpad;jhs; khepyj;jpy; thopNa.
tPRGfo;r; rq;fhop tpsq;FGak; thopNa

tpz;Zah;e;j kiyaofh; tpUk;Gktd; thopNa
khrp kfkpg;Gtpapy; te;Jjpj;N;jhd; thopNa
kiwg;nghUis cilath;f;F tFj;Jiuj;jhd; thopNa
fhrpg ew;Fyj;Jjpj;j fUid epjp thopNa
ifahop rq;fjpdhy; fjp jUNthd; thopNa
NjRGfohste;jhh; jpUtbNahd; thopNa
jpUkhiyahz;lhd; jhs; nrfjyj;jpy; thopNa.
rPh;
thopkhiyahz;lhd;jhs; thopatd; kd;DFyk;

thop jpU khyofh; thopaNt - thopaNuh
jpz;G+J}h; khKdpf;Fj; jpUtha; nkhopg;nghUis
cz;ikAld; XjpaUs; rPh;.
d) fe;jhilag;gd; (fe;jhilaz;zd; jpUj;jk;gpahh;) - Gul;lhrp
jdpad;
tujFU ruzk; ruzk; tutuKdpth;a fdf;Ugh ghj;jpuk; /

g;utFz uj;d [yjpk; g;uzkhkp =dpth] FUth;ak; //
Njrpfk; =dpth]hf;ak; Njtuh[ FNuh];]{jk; /

G+\pjk; ]j;Fizh;te;Nj [Ptpjk; kk]h;tjh //
=it\;zt rpNuhG+\h =uhkhD[ ghJfh /

=thJ}y FNyhj;jk;]: =jhrujpNujjhk; //
=uq;fehj =fhh;aJh;Nah thJ}y Njrpf: /

VfNj ajpuh[hq;fhp thjpkj;NjgNf]hp //
Mq;fPu]th;N\h;Nf fe;ahuhrpk;fNj j;uNahjr;ahk; /

[hjk; kfhf;ajhNu g;uzkhkp =epth] FUth;ak; //
thopj;jpUehkk;, ehs; ghl;L, ntz;gh
vjpuhrd; Neuhf ,q;Fjpj;Njhd; thopNa

vopy; fe;jhilaz;zDf;F ,isatdhh; thopNa
kjpj;jGfo;f; fd;dpjd;dpy; kfj;Jjpj;N;jhd; thopNa
kzthskhKdpts; kyubNahd; thopNa
gjpghUk; E}w;nwl;Lk; gzAktd; thopNa
gjpd;kh;fiy mDjpdKk; gfUktd; thopNa
vjpuhrd; ghbaj;jpw;; fPLiug;Nghd; thopNa
vopykh; fe;jhilag;gd; ,izabfs; thopNa.
rPh;kyp ehd;kiw me;jzh; Mjpah; rpe;ij kfpo;e;jpL ehs;

Njdkh;Nrhiy muq;fKjw;wpjo;gjpfs; rpwe;jpL ehs;
g+uzNktukhKdp jz;zUs; nghq;fp tope;jpL ehs;
Ge;jpjUk; jpUke;jpuKk; gyfiyfs; nghype;jpLehs;
Mh;tkjh yUfioj;J tho;tpj;jth; mgpkjk; Xq;fpL ehs;
Mh;e;jGfo; thJ}yFyj;jth; Miznropj;jpL ehs;
fhh;epfh; tz;iff; fUizad; mg;gd; fhrpdpNjhd;wpa ehs;
fd;dpjdpy; jpUkhkfk; vd;Wk; ftpDW ed;dhNs.
ke;jpuq;fs; tho kzthsKdp thoTah;

ve;ij vjpuhrndopy; tho - re;jjKk;
kd;DGfo;f; fe;jhil kd;dndD kg;gNd
11) G+uk;
a) aJfphp ehr;rpahh; - Mb
jdpad;
ehuhaz];a k`p\Pk; ahjthj;hp epth] ePk; /

fh;ffNl G+h;tgy;Fe;ahk; ]Q;[hjhk; =akhஶ;uNa //
ehuhazFNuh: gj;ePk; jj;ghj fkhy=jhk; /

]h;t ]k;gj ]k;Af;jhk; ePshNjtPk; ]khஶ;uNa //
b) =Mz;lhs; - Mb
jdpad;
fh;f;fNl G+h;tgy;Fe;ahk; Js]P fheNehj;gthk; /

ghz;;l;Na tpஶ;tk;guhk; Nfhjhk; te;Nj =uq;fehafPk; //
Njt];a k`p\Pk; jpt;ahk; Mnjs NfhjhKgh];kN` /

ae;nksypkhypfhk; g;hPj;ah ];tPfNuhjp ];tak; g;uG: //
;
ePshJq;f];jefphpjB]{g;jk; cj;Nghj;a f;U\;zk;
ghuhh;j;ak; ];tk; ஶ;Ujp ஶj ஶpu]; ]pj;jkj;ah gae;jP /
];Nthr;rp\;lhahk; ];u[p epfspjk; ah gyhj;f;Uj;a Gq;f;Nj

Nfhjh j];;ia ek ,jkpjk; G+a Vths];J G+a: //
ehs; ghl;L
cgNjruj;jpdkhiy
,d;Nwh jpUthbg;g+uk; . vkf;fhf

td;Nwh ,q;fhz;lhstjhpj;jhs; - Fd;whj
tho;thd itFe;jthd; Nghfe;jd;idapfo;e;J
Mo;thh; jpUkfshuha;. (22)
nghpaho;thh; ngz;gps;isaha; . Mz;lhs; gpwe;j

jpUthbg;g+uj;jpd; rPh;ik - xUehisf;
Fz;NlhkdNk Azh;e;Jghh; . Mz;lhSf;
Fz;lhfpnyhg; gpjw;FKz;L. (23)
mQ;RFbf; nfhUre;jjpaha; . Mo;thh;fs;
jQ;nraiy tpQ;rpepw;Fk; jd;ikasha;g; - gpQ;rha;g;
gOj;jhis ahz;lhisg; gj;jpAld;ehSk;
tOj;jha; kdNkkfpo;e;J. (24)
khh;fop khjj;jpy; mEre;jpf;ff;$ba ghRuq;fs; - Ntjg;gpuhd; gl;lh; mUspaJ
Nfhij gpwe;jT+h; Nfhtpe;jd; thO%h;

Nrhjp kzpkhlk; Njhd;W%h; - ePjpahy;
ey;y gj;jh; thO%h; ehd;kiwfNshJ%h;
tpy;ypGj;J}h; Ntjf;NfhD}h;.
ghjfq;fs; jPh;f;Fk; gukdb fhl;Lk;

Ntjkidj;Jf;Fk; tpj;jhFk; - Nfhij jkpo;
Iiae;Jike;Jk; mwpahj khdpliu
itak; Rkg;;gJk; tk;G.
thopj;jpUehkk;
jpUthbg; G+uj;jpy; nrfj;Jjpj;jhs; thopNa

jpUg;ghit Kg;gJk; nrg;gpdhs; thopNa
nghpaho;thh; ngw;nwLj;j ngz;gps;is thopNa
ngUk;G+Jhh; khKdpf;Fg; gpd;dhdhs; thopNa
xUEhw;W ehw;gj;J %d;Diuj;jhs; thopNa
cauuq;fh;f;Nf fz;zp Afe;jspj;jhs; thopNa
kUthUe; jpUky;yp tsehb thopNa
tz;GJit efh;f;Nfhij kyh;g;gjq;fs; thopNa.
Nfhjh];Jjp
=tp\;Zrpj;j Fyee;je fy;gty;yPk;

=uq;fuh[ `hpre;je eNahfj;Ur;ahk;
]h�hj; �khk; fUzah me;ahk; fkyhk; ,t (];jpjhk;) Nfhjhk;
mee;aruz: (m`k;) ruzk; g;ugj;Na.
kq;fsk;
=kj;;ia tp\;Zrpj;jhh;a kNehee;jeN;`jNt /

ee;;jee;je]{e;jh;ia Nfhjhia epj;akq;fsk; //
];Nthr;rp\;l khypfhge;jfe;jge;Ju [p\;zNt /

tp\;Zrpj;j jEh[hia Nfhjhia epj;ja kq;fsk; //
c) fe;jhilj;Njhog;gh; - Mb
jdpad;
fh;f;fNl G+h;tgy;Fe;ahk; [hjk; Nyhfhh;a ]k;=jk; /

te;Nj thj;]y;a [yjpk; tuhzhjPஶ Nj ஶpfk; //
uhkhE[hh;a ]j;Guk; thuzhjPஶ Njஶpfk; /

Nyhfrhh;a f;Ughghj;uk; te;Nj Fzfzhh;ztk; //
,tiu Nghw;wp ciuf;Fk; cgNjruj;jpdkhiy 51Mk; ghRuk;
Jd;D Gfo;f; fe;jhilj; Njhog;gh; jk; cfg;ghy;

vd;d cyhfhhpaNdh vd;Wiuf;f - gpd;id
cyfhhpad; vd;Dk; Ngh; ek;gps;isf;F xq;fp
tpyfhky; epd;wnjd;Wk; Nky;.
thopj;jpUehkk;
G+ukjpy; flfj;jpy; GtpAjpj;Njhd; thopNa

Gfo; nghpaek;gps;is nghw;gjj;Njhd; thopNa
ghh;kyp uhkhErhrhh;ad; gfh; Fkhud; thopNa
gukgj;jp nka;Q;Qhdg; gjj;jpUg;Nghd; thopNa
thuzhjPr;tuh; ehkk; tha;e;jpUg;Nghd; thopNa
thr;rypaf; flnyd;d tho;e;jUs;Nthd; thopNa
fhhpkhwd; jkpo; kiwapd; fUj;jwpe;Njhd; thopNa
fe;jhil Njhog;gh; foypizfs; thopNa.
12) cj;jpuk;
a) =uq;fehr;rpahh; - gq;Fdp
jdpad;
ghy;FNehj;ju gy;Fe;ahk; ]k;G+jhk ஶ;hpakh ஶ;uNa /

tp\;Nzhh; jpt;a gjhk; Ngh[ flfhk; jj;gjh ஶ;hpjhk; //
ekஶ; =uq;fehaf;ia aj;g;& tpg;ukNgjj: /

<Nஶ ஶpjt;a it\k;a epk;Nehe;ej kpjk; [fj; //
thopj;jpUehkk;
nghpa ngUkhs;

,UtpRk;gpy; tPw;wpUf;F kpikath;Nfhd; thopNa
nghpa gpuhl;bahh;

(nghpa ngUkhSf;Fk; ek;ngUkhSf;Fk; xNu thopj;jpUehkk;. nghpa ngUkhspd;

thopj;jpUehkj;ij mEre;jpf;Fk; NghJ nghpa gpuhl;bahhpd; thopj;jpUehkj;ijAk;
Nrh;j;J mEre;jpf;Fk; tof;fk; cs;sJ. Mjyhy; ,q;F nghpa ngUkhspd; thopj;
jpUehkk; nfhLf;fg; gl;Ls;sJ)
kq;fs ];Nyhfk;
Nr\kq;fuha ]h;Nt\hk; =uq;Nfஶha kq;fsk; //
b) jpUf;Nfhl;bA+h; jpUkhkfs; ehr;rpahh; - gq;Fdp – cj;jpuk;
vk;ngUkhd; thopj;jpUehkj;ijAk; gpuhl;bahh; thopj;jpUehkj;ijAk; Nrh;j;Nj

mEre;jpf;Fk; tof;fk; cs;sJ. Mifahy; ,UtUila thopj;jpUehkq;fs; fPNo
nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
=cufnky;yizahd; - jpUNthzk; - Ig;grp

(jpUf;Nfhl;bA+h; vk;ngUkhd; jpt;ag;uge;jj;jpy;
Kjypy; kq;fshrhrdk; nra;a ngw;w vk;ngUkhd; Mthh;)
G+kfSk; kz;kfSk; Nghw;wte;Njhd; thopNa

Gfo;fjk;g Kdpjtj;jpy; Nghe;j ts;sy; thopNa
MnkdNtNfhl;befh; mkh;ej ; gpuhd; thopNa
ml;lhq;ftpkhdj;jpyha; tsh;Nthd; thopNa
fhkdhuhjid nra; fz;zdhh; thopNa
fjpNuW jpUNthzk; fhl;rp je;Njhd; thopNa
*VkDlyple;jpq;F te;Jjpj;Njhd; thopNa
vopYufnky;yizahd; ,izabfs; thopNa.
*Vkd; - `puz;ad;
jpUf;Nfhl;bA+h; jpUkhkfs; ehr;rpahh; - gq;Fdp – cj;jpuk;
nrq;fkyj;NjAjpj;j Nrapoiahs; thopNa

njd;Nfhl;bkhy; khh;gpy; NrUkts; thopNa
ntq;fypia tPwlf;Fk; nky;ypayhs; thopNa
kPdutp cj;jpuj;jpy; Nktpdhs; thopNa
nghq;FGfo; Nridah;Nfhd; Nghw;Wkts; thopNa
GtpapYs;Nshh; tho ,UnghUSiuj;jhs; thopNa
,q;Fyfpy; kq;ifah;fl;Nfw;wKs;shs; thopNa
vq;fs; jpUkhkfshh; ,izabfs; thopNa.
c) eQ;rPah; - gq;Fdp
jdpad;
ghy;FNehj;jugy;Fe;ahk; [hjk; Ntjhe;jp ek; Kepk; /

=guhஶugl;lhh;a ghjNufh kak;gN[ //
eNkh Ntjhe;j Ntj;aha [fe; kq;fsN`jNt /

a];a thfk;Ujh]hu G+hpjk; Gt ej;uak; //
.
,tUila ngUikfis vLj;J ciuf;Fk; cgNjruj;jpdkhiy
ghRuq;fs;
39Mk; ghRuk;
gps;shd; eQ;rPah; nghpathr;rhd;gps;is

njs;shh; tlf;Fj;jpUtPjpg; - gps;is
Fzthsnud;W neQ;Nr $W.
42Mk; ghRuk;
jQ;rPiu Qhdpah;fs; jhk;GfOk; Ntjhe;jp

eQ;rPah;jhk; gl;lh; ey;yUshy; - vQ;rhj
Mh;tKld; khwd; kiwg;nghUis aha;e;Jiuj;jJ
Vnuhd;gjpdhapuk;.
47Mk; ghRuk;
eQ;rPah; nra;j tpahf;fpiafs; ehypuz;Lf;F

vQ;rhikahitf;F kpy;iyNa - je;rPuhy;
itaFUtpd; jk;gp kd;DkzthsKdp
nra;Akit jhKk; rpy.
50Mk; ghRuk;
ek;ngUkhs; ek;kho;thh; eQ;rPah; ek;;gps;is

iad;gh.; mtuth;jk; Nkw;wj;jhy; - md;GilNahh;
rhw;W jpUehkq;fs; jhndd;W ed;ndQ;Nr
Vj;jjidr; nrhy;yp eP apd;W.
thopj;jpUehkk;
njz;biu#o; jpUtuq;fk; nropf;f te;Njhd; thopNa

rPkhjtndd;Dk; nry;tdhh; thopNa
gz;ilkiwj; jkpo;g;nghUisg; gfute;Njhd; thopNa
gq;Fdpap Yj;jpuehs; ghUjpj;jhd; thopNa
Xz;nlhbahs; fytpjid nahopj;jpl;lhd; thopNa
xd;gjpdhapug;nghUis NahJktd; thopNa
vz;birAk; rPh;gl;l hpizabNahd; thopNa
vopy; ngUFk; eQ;rPahpdpJhop thopNa.
13) `];jk;
a) gjhP ehuhazg;ngUkhs; - Mb
jdpad;
; Nl `];j e�j;Nu gjhP epyNahj;gtk; /

fh;ff
m\;lh�u g;ujhjhuk; ehuhaz k`k;gN[ //
b) Njtg;ngUkhs; - rpj;jpiu
jdpad;
irj;u khN] ]pNj gN� rJh;j;jஶ;ahk; jpnjs Kne /

NஶhhgNe `];je�j;Nu utpthu ]ke;tpNj //
tghN`hNk g;ut;Uj;Nj Jg;uhj]; ]tefhypNf /

jhJUj;juNtj;ahk; Jg;uhJ uh]P[; [ehh;j;je: //
kq;fs ];Nyhfk; (jpahf kz;lgk;)
m];J =];je f];JhhP th]eh th]p NjhuN] /

=`];jpfphp ehjha Njtuh[h kq;fsk; //
c) jpUehuhazg;ngUkhs; - gq;Fdp
jdpad;
]ej;Fkhu u�hh;j;jkhfjk; g;u`;kz: gjhj; /

aJiஶy ];jpjk; kPNe `];Nj ehuhazk; gN[ //
kq;fs ];Nyhfk;

d) $uj;jho;thd; - ij
jdpad;
kfNu `];j e�j;Nu ]h;g;gNej;uhk;ஶ ]k;gtk; /

=kj; $uFyhjPஶk; =tj;]hq;f Kgh];kN` //
=tj;]rp`;e kpஶ;Nug;Nah ek cf;jpk; mjPk`p /

aJf;ja]; j;uaPfz;Nl ahe;jp kq;fs ]{j;ujhk; //
thopj;jpUehkk;
rPuhUe; jpUg;gjpfs; rpwf;f te;Njhd; thopNa

njd;duq;fh; rPuUisr; NrUktd; thopNa
ghuhU nkjpuhrh; gjk; gzpe;Njhd; thopNa
ghbaj;jpDl;nghUisg; gfUktd; thopNa
ehuazd; rkak; ehl;bdhd; thopNa
ehYuhd; jdf;F Kj;jp ey;fpdhd; thopNa
VuhUe; ijapyj;jj;J ,q;F cjpj;jhd; thopNa
vopy; $uj;jho;thd; jd; ,izabfs; thopNa.
nghUs;tphpf;Fk; vjpuhrd; nghd;dbNahd; thopNa

nghd;tl;by; jid vwpe;j GfOilNahd; thopNa
kUs;tphpf;Fk; Kf;FWk;ig khw;wte;Njhd; thopNa
kah;twNt nka;Q;Qhdk; tpsf;fpLNthd; thopNa
,Us;tphpf;Fk; rptkpul;L vOj;jpl;lhd; thopNa
Vjkw vt;Taph;f;Fk; ,jkspj;;jhd; thopNa
mUs;tphpf;Fk; muq;fh;jhs; mbapizNahd; thopNa
mofhUk; $uj;jho;thd;jd; ,izabfs; thopNa.
ehs; ghl;L
kl;ltpOk; nghopy;#o; FUNfrh; kiwg;nghUs; tho;e;jpL ehs;

kz;Zyfpy; rPghbak; tpsq;fpl te;J gpwe;jth; ehs;
vl;L kpuz;Lk; ,ire;j RNyhf kpirj;jpl te;jth; ehs;
,y;iy vdr; rptnkd;W vjphpl;L vOj;jpl te;jth;; ehs;
Jl;l Fjpl;bfs; khapfs; tho;it Jzpj;jpl te;jth; ehs;
#hpah; G+kpaph; Mhpah; vd;W cjpj;jpl te;jth; ehs;
ml;l jpirf;Fk; epiwe;j ngUk;Gfo; (me;jzh;tho;)
$uj;jho;thd; te;jUspa ehs; ijapy; tpsq;fpLk; mj;jkJ ed;dhNs.
NkNy cs;s thopj;jpUehkq;fs; kw;Wk; ehs; ghl;il mbNaDf;F nfhLj;J

cjtpa $uk; tPuty;yp = c.Nt.gh\;ak; ma;aq;fhh; ];thkpf;F ed;wp
cwpj;jhFf.
e) KLk;ig ek;gp - ij
jpUel;rj;jpu jdpad;
uhkhE[ KNe: rp\;ak; =tj;]hq;fpj ]{g;hpak; /

kfNu `];jhtjPh;zk; thj;];ak; tujkhr;uNa //
epj;a jdpad;fs;
=uhkhE[ ]k;akPe;j;uruzk; =tj;] rp`;e g;hpak;
N]Nt`k; tujhh;a ehkfkKk; ]{f;j;ah g;u]pj;jk; Kjh /
Mghy;ahj; ghpG+h;z Nghj rl[pj; fhjhEuhNfh[;tyk;
thj;];ak; G+h;zk; cjhuk; Mr;hpjepjpk; thj;]y;a uj;dhfuk; //
=uhkhE[ NahfPe;j;u gjgq;f[ \l;gjk; /

KLk;ig G+h;zkefk; te;Nj tuj]k;f;Qfk; //
=kj; uhkhErhh;a =ghjhg;[ kJt;ujk; /

=tj;]G+h;zkefk; te;Nj tuj]k;f;Qfk; / /
rPh;
thop KLk;ig tujhhpad;jd; kyubfs;
thopatd; jpUehkk; tha;nkhopfs; - thopNa
ve;ij vjpuhrKdp ,d;dUshy; vopy;khwd;
njd;jkpo;E}y; njspe;Jiuf;Fk; rPh;.
thopj;jpUehkk;
vj;jpirAk; Gfo;KLk;igf;F ,iwtdhh; thopNa
vOgj;Jehypy; xUtuha; ,yq;Fktd; thopNa
cj;jkdhk; Mo;thDf;F cfg;GilNahd; thopNa
xsph;kfpo; khwd; kiwf;F cUFktd; thopNa
mj;jpfphp mUshsh;jk; mbgzpNthd; thopNa
mbath;f;F Moprq;fk; mspj;jUs;Nthd; thopNa
Rj;jKil ijapyj;jk; Njhd;wpdhd; thopNa
njhy;Gfo; tujhhpad; jd; Jizg;gjq;fs; thopNa.
tbtoF
vjpuhrd; mbgzpAk; vopy;Kb kpfthop
,dpanre;jpUKf kz;lyKk; thop
gjpthd ehkkzp ed;DjYk; thop
ghbaKk; jkpo;kiwAk; gfh;ehTk; thop
rjpuhd tisf;fOj;Jk; jpUkhh;Gk; thop
rhw;wpa ntz;GhpE}Yk; khiyfSk; thop
fjpahd KLk;igek;gp foy;fspuz;L KlNd
fUiz khNehf;Fk; fuKk; CopCop thopNa.
njhq;fy;
Njrpfh;fs; thoj; jpUg;gjpfs; jhk; tho
gh\paKld; jkpo; kiwAk; tho – khrpy;Gfo;
kd;D KLk;ig efh; te;j tujhhpaNd
NkNy cs;s jdpad;fs;, rPh;, thopj;jpUehkk;, tbtoF, kw;Wk;

njhq;fiy mbNaDf;F nfhLj;J cjtpa Mo;thh; jpUefhp Mj;jhd;
tlf;Fj;jpUkhspif = c.Nt.fz;zd; Ntq;fl tujhrhhpahh;
];thkpf;Fk; kw;Wk; Mo;thh; jpUefhp = c.Nt Nfhtpe;jd; ];thkpf;Fk;
mbNad; ed;wpiaj; njhptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpNwd;.
f) jpUtuq;fj;jKjdhh; - gq;Fdp
jdpad;
;
kPNe `];j ]Kj;G+jk; =uq;fhk;Uj khஶ;uNa /
ftpk; g;uge;e fhaj;h;ah: $Nuஶgj ]k;ஶ;hpjk; //
=uq;Nf kPe`];Nj r [hjk; uq;fhh;a ee;jek; /

uq;fehj FUk; te;Nj uhkhE[ gjhஶ;hpjk; //
thopj;jpUehkk;
ve;jhij $Nur hpizabNahd; thopNa

vopy;%q;fpw; Fbtpsq;f tpq;Fte;Njhd; thopNa
ee;jhk nyjpuhrh; eyk;Gfo;Nthd; thopNa
ek; kJuftp epiyia ez;zpdhd; thopNa
ige;jhk tuq;fh;gjk; gw;wpdhd; thopNa
gq;Fdpap yj;jehs; ghUjpj;Njhd; thopNa
me;jhjp Ew;nwl;L kUspdhd; thopNa
mzpauq;fj; jKjdhh; mbapizfs; thopNa.
g) =fplhk;gpahr;rhd; - rpj;jpiu
jdpad;fs;
1)uhkhD[ gjhk;Ngh[ AfsPa];a jPkj: /

g;uhg;ak; rg;uhgfk; te;Nj g;uzjhh;j;jpùk; FUk; //
2)M];jpfhf;Nu]uk; te;Nj ghpt;uhl; FU ghrfk; /
ahrpjk; FUNfஶe g;uzjhh;j;jp ùk; FUk; //
h) <r;rk;ghb Mr;rhd; - ij
jdpad;fs;
= gh\;afhu ajpty;yg jj;j gQ;r ]k;];fhu gh\;a gftj; tp\ahjp fk;r

=]{e;jNur FUyg;j u`];a ke;ju; k; = =epth] FUth;a k`k; g;ugj;Na.
=nfsz;be;a Fyhj;hp Nrfutu =]{e;jNurh j;k[k;

=uhkhE[ ghjgj;k afsP eph;Nty eph;Ntrdk;
jpf; je;jhts Fk;gkj;a tpy]e; Kf;jh ]uhlk; gu
g;nusNlhjhu ar];fuk; FUtuk; = =epth]k; gN[.
=]{e;jNur FUth;a ]Kj;gtha j];khj thg;j rpjrpj;g;u tpNghjeha

nfsz;beatk;r fyNrhjjp nfs];Jgha = =epth] FuNt fyNa g;uzhkhe;.
thopj;jpUehkk;
VuhUk; ijaj;jk; ,q;Fjpj;N;jhd; thopNa

Re;jNurd; jpUkfdha;j; Jyq;Fktd; thopNa
ghh;GfOk; ajpuh[d; gjk;gzpNthd; thopNa
rPuhUk; Ntq;flj;jpy; jpfOktd; thopNa
ghh;kfpOk; ghbaj;ijg; gfUktd; thopNa
cj;jkkhk; Fykjdpy; cjpj;jgpuhd; thopNa
njhz;lh;Fohk; fz;Lff;Fk; njhy;GfNohd; thopNa
ey; <r;rk;ghb tho; ek;khr;rhd; thopNa.
i) mg;ghr;rpauz;zh - Mtzp
jdpad;
=kj; thek`hiஶy uhkhE[ Kepg;hpak; /

thJ}y tujhrhh;ak; te;Nj thj;]y;a ]hfuk; //
thopj;jpUehkk;
rpq;fj;jpyj;jdhs; rpwf;f te;Njhd; thopNa
rPuq;fe;jpUg;gjpapytjhpj;jhd; thopNa
Jq;fkjps; fr;rpefh; mkh;e;j nry;td; thopNa
J}a;ikAld; rPghbak; njhFj;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa
nghq;F Gfo; vjpuhrd; mUs; ngWNthd; thopNa
GfOila fe;jhilf;Fytpsf;Nfhd; thopNa
rq;Ftz;zk; khKdpjhs; mile;j nry;td; thopNa
re;jjK kz;zhtpd; jhspizfs; thopNa.
njhq;fy;
tlnkhopfs; tho kd;dpa nre;jkpo; kiwfs; tho

jplKlNd ehs;njhUQ; rPh;j;jpwk; tho - glh; Gfohy;
kd;dpaey; thJ}y tz;zhypdhhpaNd
jpUehs; ghl;L
re;jjKk; rlNfhgDiug;nghUs; Nrh;e;J nghype;jpL ehs;
Nrnujpuhrh;jk; ghbaKk; jpfo; tpQ;rp tpsq;fpLehs;
ke;jpu uj;jpdK KyfpYah;e;jplte;J gpwe;jth;ehs;
khjpiu kPjpdpy; gjpd;kh;kiyj;jplkhfte;J gpwe;jth;ehs;
me;jkjhfpa tj;jpfphpj;jye; NjR mkh;e;jpLehs;
mofpafr;rpap yhhpah;tho;T kpFe;jplte;J gpwe;jth;ehs;
me;jzh; Nghw;Wq; fe;jhilaz;zhtpd;gud; mtjhpj;jUspaehs;
mofhUQ; rpq;fj;jpy; rPh; mj;jk; njDehNs.
14) rpj;jpiu
a) kJuftpaho;thh; - rpj;jpiu
jdpad;
NkN\ rpj;jh ]Kj;G+jk; ghz;l;aNjNஶfzhk;ஶfk; /

=guhq;Fஶ ]j;gf;jk; kJuk; ftpkhஶ;uNa //
mtpjpjtp\ahe;juஶ;ஶlhNu
Ugep\jhKgfhekhj;uNghf: /
mgprFztஶhj; jNjfNஶ\P
kJuftph;`;UjNa kkhtpu];J //
`];j];jjhs j;tpjak; g;ugj;Na

ஶlhhp thf; t;ah] Kjhu fPh;j;jpk; /
khJh;a ]k;ஶ;yp\;l ftpj;t Af;jk;
k`j;j;t ]k;ghtpj Gj;jp jj;j;tk; //
ehs; ghl;L
cgNjrj;jpdkhiy - 25-26 ghRuq;fs;
Vuhh; kJuftp ,t;Tyfpy; te;Jjpj;j

rPuhUk; rpj;jpiuapy; rpj;jpiu ehs; - ghUyfpy;
kw;Ws;s tho;thh;fs; te;jjpj;j ehs;fspYk;
cw;wnjkf;nfd;W neQ;NrNahh;.
tha;j;jjpUke;jpuj;jpd; kj;jpkkhk; gjk;Nghy;

rPh;j;j kJuftp nra;fiyia - Mh;j;jGfo;
Mhpah;fs; jhq;fUspr;nray; eLNt
Nrh;tpj;jhh; jhw;ghpak; Njh;e;J.
thopj;jpUehkk;
rpj;jpiuapy; rpj;;jpiu ehs; rpwf;fte;Njhd; thopNa
jpUf;NfhS utjhpj;j nry;tdhh; thopNa
cj;jpu fhq;fhjPuj; Jah; jtj;Njhd; thopNa
spfjpNuhd; njw;Fjpf;f Tfe;J te;Njhd; thopNa
gf;jpnahLgjpndd;Wk; ghbdhd; thopNa
guhq;FrNd gundd;W gw;wpdhd; thopNa
kj;jpkkhk; gjg;nghUis tho;tpj;jhd; thopNa
kJuftp jpUtbfs; thopthop thopNa.
b) mde;jho;thd; - rpj;jpiu
jdpad;
NkN\ rpj;jh ]Kj;G+jk; ajpehj gjhஶ;hpjk; /

=Ntq;fNlஶ ]j;gf;j kee;jhh;a k`k; gN[//
jpUNtq;flKilad; mee;jho;thidg;gw;wp mUspa jdpad;fs;
mfpyhj;k Fzhth]k; mQ;Qhejpkpuhg`k; /

Mஶ;hpjhehk; ]{ஶuzk; te;Njsee;jhh;a Njஶpfk; //
=kj; uhkhE[hrhh;a =ghj mk;NghU`j;tak; /
]Jj;jkhq;f ]e;jhh;ak; mee;jhh;ak`k; gN[//
kw;WKs;s jdpad;
ajPe;j;ughjhk;G[rQ;rhPfk; =kj;jahghyjiafghj;uk; /
=Ntq;fNlஶhq;f;hpAfhe;juq;fk; ekhk; aee;jhh;akee;jf;Uj;t: //
thopj;jpUehkk;
kiyapy; Ntq;fltw;F khkdhh; thopNa

kzpr;Rlh;Nfhd; mde;jndd te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa
cyFf;Nfhh; jQ;rnkd cjpj;jUs;Nthd; thopNa
cyFKz;lkhybia cfe;Ja;e;N;jhd; thopNa
,yFrpj;jpiu jd;dpy; rpj;jpiuNahd; thopNa
ve;ijnajpuhrh; ,izabNahd; thopNa
myh;Nky; kq;if jpUTf;F mg;gdhh; thopNa
mde;jho;thd; jpUtbfs; mdtujk; thopNa.
kq;fs ];Nyhfk;
=Ntq;flhj;hp fkpJ: ifq;fh;Na\{ e;aAq;f;j ak; /

uhkhE[hh;a]; j];ik ];ahj; mde;jhh;aha kq;fsk; //
c) nghpahz;lhd; - rpj;jpiu
jdpad;
khyh jhuFNuh: Gj;uk; n]se;jh;aG[Nj]pfk; /

uhkhD[hh;a ]j;rp\;ak; te;Nj tu fUzhepjpk; //
d) elhJ}uk;khs; - rpj;jpiu (thj;];a tujhrhh;)
jdpad;
te;Njs`k; tujhh;ae; jk; tj;]hgp[d G+\zk; /

gh\;ahk;Uj g;ujheha ]Q;[tP ajp khkgp //
thopj;jpUehkk;
Rj;jFz tpl;Lrpj;jd; RlubNahd; thopNa
RUjg; gpufhrpifiar; nrhy;ypitj;Njhd; thopNa
jj;tg;uNkaj;jpd; jukwpe;Njhd; (rhukPe;Njhd;) thopNa
jFJ}g;gpy;gps;isf;Fj; jfTiug;Nghd; thopNa
Gj;jpkpFrhuhh;j;j rJ\;laj;Njhd; thopNa
Gfo;ghbag;nghUisg; Gjh;f;fspg;Nghd; thopNa
rpj;jpiuapy; rpj;jpiuehs; fr;rpte;Njhd; thopNa
rPuhUk; mk;khs; jd;Nrtbfs; thopNa.
jpq;fs; Nghd;w jpUKfk; thopNa

jpUkz;fhg;Gj; jpfo; new;wp thopNa
njhq;F Kg;GhpE}y; khh;G thopNa
Njhd;wpyr;rpidj; Njhs; kpf thopNa
jq;F Nfhrk; tpsq;Fif thopNa
jhq;F rpd;Kj;jpiu tpuy; thopNa
nghq;F tj;]Fy tujhhpad;
nghd;kyh;g;gjk; thopa thopNa.
e) =kj; Mj;jhd; ];thkp – Mtzp
jdpad;
jpUel;rj;jpu jdpad;
]pk;N` rpj;NuhL ]k;G+jk; tj;]tk;rhg;jp nfs];Jgk; /

uhkhE[hh;a ]r;rp\;ak; tujh`;ta khr;uNa //
epj;aj;jdpad;
=uhkhE[ NahfPe;j;u gjgq;f[ \l;gjk; /

uhkhE[hh;a jeak; tujhh;a k`k; gN[ //
rPh;
thop Mj;jhd; fkytz; ruzk; thop KLk;ig

thopatd; mUs; $h; ths; tpopfs; thopNa
,uhkhErk;gps;is ,d;dUshy; Mo;thh;
jpuhtplEhy; Njh;e;Jiuf;Fk; rPh;.
thop vopy; Mj;jhd;jd; kyh;g;gjq;fs; thopatd;
jpUehkk; tha;nkhopfs; thopNa – ve;ij ,uhkhDrk;
gps;is ,d;dUshy; khwDiu
re;jjKk; jhDiuf;Fk; rPh;.
thopj;jpUehkk;
jOT jpUkhh;gDld; jz;gJik NridKjy;

rlNfhgd; ehjKdpjhs; njhopNthd; thopNa !
tOtpy; Gfo; Gz;lhPff; fz;zh; kzf;fhy;ek;gp
tho; Mste;jhiu thoj;;Jktd; thopNa
moFila nghpaek;gp vjpuhrh; mtub Nrh;
midj;jhhpah; jq;fs; mUSilNahd; thopNa
vOYila ,uhkhErk; gps;isf;fpdpa ike;jd;
vq;fs; tujhhpadhh; ,dpJhop thopaNt.
gq;faj; jpUj;jhspiz thopNa

ghd;kjp jpUthilAk; thopNa
mq;fkhh; jpUTe;jpAk; thopNa
MuEhy; kzpkhh;Gk; thopNa
rq;F rf;fuj;Njhspid thopNa
jhkiur; nre;jpUKfKk; thopNa
kq;fyj; jpUehkk; thopNa
tho;KLk;ig tujhhpad; thopNa.
,d;gKWk;FUif efh; ,ak;g te;Njhd; thopNa

vq;fspuhkhD[k; gps;isf; fpdpa ike;jd; thopNa
jk;gukhaPL gh\;ak; je;jUs;Nthd; thopNa
jz;zuq;fdUshsh;jhs; njhONthd; thopNa
md;guhKyfhhpadUSilNahd; thopNa
Mtzpapy; rpj;jpiuehs; mtjhpj;Njhd; thopNa
vd;gudh nkjpuh[d; ,izabNahd; thopNa
vopy; KLk;ig ahj;jhd; jd; ,izkyh;fs; thopNa.
tho;tspf;ff; FUif efh; te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa
tukq;if khKdpf;F tho; tspj;jhd; thopNa
Mo;thh;jk; Nfh\;bfis milT nra;jhd; thopNa
Mj;jhd; vDk; ehkk; milT ngw;whd; thopNa
jho;tjpyhr; rpj;jpiuapy; mtjhpj;jhd; thopNa
jFk; mofg;ghhpaidj; jhdspj;Njhd; thopNa
Vo;ghUk; ca;a <l;Lg;gjk; ciuj;Njhd; thopNa
vopy; KLk;ig tujhhpad; ,idabfs; thopNa.
15) ];thjp
a)mofpa rpq;fh; - Rf;y g� rJh;j;jrp – Mdp
jdpad;
t;U\Ng ];thjp e�j;Nu rJh;j;jஶ;ahk; ஶ{NgjpNe /

]e;j;ahfhNy epஶhAf;Nj ];jk;Nghj;G+jk; e;UNf]hpk; //
b) nghpaho;thh; - Mdp
jdpad;
kpJNe ];thjp[k; tp\;Nzh ujhk;ஶk; je;tpe: GNu /

g;ugj;Na ஶ;tஶ{uk;tp\;Nzhh; tp\;Zrpj;jk; Guஶ;ஶpfk; //
ehs; ghl;L
cgNjruj;jpdkhiy - 16Mk; ghRuk; Kjy; 20Mk; ghRuk; Kba
,d;iwg; ngUik mwpe;jpiyNah Vio neQ;Nr

,d;iwf;nfd;Ndw;wnkdp; Yiuf;Nfd;. - ed;wpGid
gy;yhz;Lghba ek; gl;lh;gpuhd; te;Jjpj;j
ey;yhdpapw; Nrhjp ehs;.
khepyj;jpy; Kd; ek;nghpaho;thh; te;Jjpj;j

Mdpjd;dpy; Nrhjp vd;why; Mjhpf;Fk; - Qhdpah;f;
nfhg;Nghhpy;iy apt;TyFjdpy; vd;W neQ;Nr
vg;NghJk; rpe;jpj;jpU.
kq;fshrhrej;jpy; kw;Ws;s Mo;thh;fs;.

jq;fs; Mh;tj;jsTjhd; md;wp. - nghq;Fk;
ghpthNy tpy;ypGj;Jhh;g; gl;lh;gpud; ngw;whd;
nghpaho;thh; vd;Dk; ngah;.
Nfhjpythk; Mo;thh;fs; $W fiyf;nfy;yhk;

Mjp jpUg;gy;yhz;L MdJTk; - Ntjj;Jf;F
xk; vd;Dk; mJ Nghy; cs;sJf;nfy;yhk; RUf;fha;.
jhd; kq;fyk; Mjyhy;.
cz;Nlh jpUgy;yhz;Lf; nfhg;gNjhh; fiyjhd; ?

cz;Nlh nghpaho;thh;f; nfhg;nghUth;. jz; jkpo; Ehy;
nra;jUSk; Mo;thh;fs; jk;kpy; mth; nra;fiyapy;
igjy; neQ;Nr ePAzh;e;J ghh;.
thopj;jpUehkk;
ey;y jpUgy;yhz;L ehd;%d;Nwhd; thopNa

ehDhw;wW gj;njhd;Wk; ekf;Fiuj;jhd; thopNa
nrhy;yhpa thdpjdpy; Nrhjpte;jhd; thopNa
njhil #bf;nfhLj;jts; jd;njhOe;jkg;gd; thopNa
nry;tek;gp jd;idg;Nghy; rpwg;Gw;whd; thopNa
nrd;W fpopaWj;J khy; nja;tnkd;whd; thopNa
tpy;ypGj;Jhh; efuj;ij tpsf;fpdhd; thopNa
Ntjpah;Nfhd; gl;lh;gpuhd; Nkjpdpapy; thopNa.
c) nghpa jpUkiy ek;gp - itfhrp
jdpad;
=ky; y;;�kz NahfPe;j;u =uhkhaz Njஶpfk; /

=iஶyG+h;zk; t;U\g ];thjp ]Q;[hj khஶ;uNa //
gpjhk`];ahgp gpjhk`ha g;uhNrj]hNj ஶgyg;ujha /

=gh\;afhNuhj;jkNjஶpfha =iஶyG+h;zha eNkh ek:];jhj; //
thopj;jpUehkk;
itfhrpr; Nrhjpehs; te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa

tz;jpUNtq;flKilahd; tuGj;jpud; thopNa
ma;ad; =Mste;jhh; mbnjhONthd; thopNa
mdtujk; kiyFdpah;f;F mbiknra;Nthd; thopNa
nka;adpukhD[rhhpad; tpUk;Gktd; thopNa
kpf;f jpUkiyahh;f;nfy;yhk; Nkyhthd; thopNa
nra;a jkpo; Ntjj;jpd; rpwg;gwpe;N;jhd; thopNa
jpUkiyek;gpfs; cga jpUtbfs; thopNa.
d) =mofg;guhd; (Re;juNjrpfd;) - Gul;lhrp
jdpad; / ];Nyhfk;
1. =kj; ]{e;ju uh[hf;a: =epth] GNuh`pj:
=epth]]{j: =khe; r;NuaN] Nk];J G+aN].
2. a];jhg ePNahgep\j; g;ujhehj; ajPr;th];ahgp FUh; gG+t

nfsz;b e;atk;rhg;jp fshepjpkjk; =]{e;jNurk; rpu]h g[hk:
3. ehu]pk;k kEjhd Njh\pNjh uhk N]hju Keph;eee;jak;

jhj ]k;a Fgjp\;l kpj;aKk; ]{e;jNur FUth;a khr;uNa
4. a: =epth]hya rk;gfhf;a g;uhfhu gh;ae;ju j�pzhk;Nr
];tehkj: $gtuk; rfhu a];jk;FUk; ]{e;ju uh[kPNl
5. =jhgepNah gep\j; u`];ak; NaNehgjp\;lk; akpehk; tuha

=Ntq;flhjPr GNuhj ]k;r gN[kjk; =fu ]{e;jNurk;
6. =Ntq;fNlrhry rk;gfhf;a g;uhfhukj;Na ep[fh e$gk;

Muhj ehahq;fpj khj;k ehk;eh gN[kjk; =fu ]{e;jNurk;
7. =kj;ahKe Nahfpe: gjAfk; g;uhg;jk; guk; ]hjek;

jj;fhUz;a flh� yg;j ]fy j;uhae;j tpj;ah epjpk;
gj;Nk r];a GNuhf]k; G[fuhl; G+kp ju ];thkpe:
nfsz;be; ahe;ta G+\zk; FUtuk; =]{e;jNurk; gN[
8. = ]{e;juhrhh;a tNuhg jp\;l = jhgePNah gep\j; u`];ak;

= ke; jk];kj; FyNjrpfk; jk; = gh\;a fhuk; ajpuh[ kPNl
(= gh\pafhuh; tp\ak; ,e;j xUr;Nyhfk;)
NkNy Fwpg;gpl;L cs;s ];Nyhfq;fs; kw;Wk; <r;rk;ghb [Pah;, <r;rk;ghb Mr;rhd;

jdpad;fis mbNaDf;F nfhLj;J cjtpa = c.Nt.T.E.S.tujuh[d; ];thkpf;F
ed;wp cwpj;jhFf.
thopj;jpUehkk;
Gul;lhrpr; Nrhjpjdpy; Gtpte;Njhd; thopNa

nghopykUk; Ntq;flth; GNuhfpjdhh; thopNa
Mste;jhh; jhspidaha; mkh;e;jUs; Nthd; thopNa
Ntq;flkhk; tpz;zfiu tpUk;Gktd; thopNa
nrz;gfj;jpy; nghw;$gk; nra;Jfe;jhd; thopNa
ajpuhrh;f;Fj; jhgePak; <e;jUs;Nthd; thopNa
khjtid kiwajdhy; tho;j;Jktd; thopNa
jpUtofg;gpuhdhh; jk; jpUj;jhs;fs; thopNa.
e) tlf;Fj;jpUtPjpg;gps;is - Mdp
jdpad;
kpJNe ];thjp]k;G+jk; fypithpgjh=jk; /

cjf;g;uNjhsP epyak; f;U\;z ghjk`k; gN[ //
=f;U\;z ghjghjhg;N[ ekhkp ஶpu]h ]jh /

aj;g;u]hj g;ughNte ]h;t ]pj;juG+e;kk //
,tiu Nghw;wp ciuf;Fk; ghRuk; - cgNjruj;jpdkhiy –
39, 44, 48, 52Mk; ghRuq;fs;
gps;shd; eQ;rPah; nghpathr;rhd; gps;is

njs;shh; tlf;Fj; jpUtPjpg; - gps;is
kzthsNahfp jpUtha;nkhopiaf; fhj;j
njs;spajh ek;gps;is nrG;G newp jd;id.

ts;sy; tlf;Fj; jpUtPjpg; - gps;is. ,e;j
ehlwpa khwd; kiwg;nghUis ed;Fiuj;jJ.
<L Kg;gj;jhwhapuk;.
rPuhh; tlf;Fj; jpUtPjpg;gps;is. vO

Njuhh; jkpo; Ntjj;jPLjidj; - jhUnkd
thq;fp Kd; ek;gps;is aPAz;zp khjth;f;Fj;
jhk; nfhLj;jhh;. gpd;d jidj;jhd;.
gpd;id tlf;Fj;jpUtpjPg;gps;is. md;ghy;

md;d jpUehkj;ij ahjhpj;J. - kd;DGfo;
ike;jh;f;Fr; rhw;Wifahy; te;J gue;jJ. vq;Fk;
,e;jj; jpUehk kpq;F.
thopj;jpUehkk;
Mdpjdpy; Nrhjp eh stjhpj;jhd; thopNa

Mo;thh;fs; fiyg; nghUis Ma;e;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa
jhd; cfe;j ek;gps;is jhs; njhONthd; thopNa
rlNfhgd; jkpo;f;F <L rhw;wpdhd; thopNa
ehdpyj;jpy; ghbaj;ij elj;jpdhd; thopNa
ey;y cyfhupaid ekf;F mspj;jhd; thopNa
<dkw ntikahSk; kpiwtdhh; thopNa
vq;fs; tltPjpg; gps;is apizabfs; thopNa.
f) thjpNfrhp mofpakzthsr;rPah; - Mdp
jdpad;
]{e;ju[hkhj;UKNe: g;ugj;Na ruzhk;G[k; /

]k;]huhh;zt ]k;kf;e [e;J ]e;jhuNghjfk; //
,tUila ngUikia vLj;J ciuf;Fk; cgNjruj;jpdkhiy - 39Mk;
ghRuk; kw;Wk; 45Mk; ghRuk;
gps;shd; eQ;rPah; nghpathr;rhd;gps;is

njs;shh; tlf;Fj;jpUtPjpg; - gps;is
Fzthsnud;W neQ;Nr $W.
md;NghL mofpa kzthsr;rPah;.

gpd;NghUk; fw;wwpe;J NgRiff;fh. - jk; nghpa
NghjKld; khwd; kiwapd; nghUs; ciuj;jJ.
Vjkpy; gd;dPuhapuk;.
g) ஶ{j;j]j;j;tk; njhl;lahrhh;ah; ];thkp jpUkhspiff;

$lj];juhd nghpa ஶ{j;j]j;j;tk; mz;zd; - khrp
thopj;jpUehkk;
khrpnaopy; Nrhjp jd;dpy; te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa

kzthskhKepia tho;j;Jktd; thopNa
Ngrhpa GfOila ngUe;jtj;Njhd; thopNa
Ngijik jPh;j;njidahSk; NgUilNahd; thopNa
fhrpdpNahh;f; fpjkpUSq; nfsrpfh;Nfhd; thopNa
fe;jhil az;zdb fUJktd; thopNa
thrpAil tue;jUthh; jpUkfdhh; thopNa
tz;zkzp Nkfepfh; mz;nzd;Wk; thopNa.
h) Kjypahz;lhd; jpUtk;ஶj;jtUk; Nrhs]pk;kGuk; njhl;lhrhh;;

jpUkhspiff;F %y GU\U\Ukhd njhl;ilaq;fhug;ig - ij
thopj;jpUehkk;
jhuzpapy; Ntjhe;jk; jiof;f te;Njhd; thopNa

ijapy; tsh;r;Nrhjpjd;dpy; jyj;Jjpj;Njhd; thopNa
rPuzpAk; nrOkiwfs; rpwf;f te;Njhd; thopNa
rpde;JtUk; thjpaiur; rpijj;Jfe;jhd; thopNa
ghuzpAk; gy;Yaph;f;Fg; gjkspj;jhd; thopNa
gyfhYk; tuKdpapd; gjk;Jjpg;Nghd; thopNa
VuzpAk; fe;jhilf; Fyj;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa
vopy; njhl;ilaq;fhug;ig ,izabfs; thopNa.
16) tprhfk;
a) ek;kho;thh; - itfhrp
jdpad;
t;U\NgJ tpஶhfhahk; FUfhGhp fhhp[k; /

ghz;laNjNஶfNyuhnjs ஶlhhpk; i]e;agk; gN[ //
ek;kho;thh; tp\akhf Mste;jhh; mUspr; nra;j jdpad;
khjh gpjh Atja]; jeaeh tpG+jp:

]h;tk; aNjt epaNke kje;tahehk;
Mj;a];a e: FygNjh; tFshgpuhkk;
=kj; jjq;f;hpAfsk; g;uzkhkp %h;j;jh !
ehs; ghl;L
cgNjruj;jpdkhiy - 14,15 ghRuq;fs;
Vuhh; itfhrp tprhfj;jpd; Vw;wj;ijg;

ghNuhh; mwpag; gfh;fpd;Nwd;. – rPuhUk;
Ntje; jkpo; nra;j nka;ad; vopy; FUif
ehjd; mtjhpj;j ehs;.
cz;Nlh itfhrp tprhfj;Jf;nfhg;nghUehs;?

cz;Nlh rlNfhgh;f;nfhg;nghUth;? - cz;Nlh
jpUtha;nkhopf;nfhg;G. njd;FUiff;Fz;Nlh
xUghh; jdp nyhf;F%h;.
thopj;jpUehkk;
jpUf;FUifg;ngUkhs;jd; jpUj;jhs;fs; thopNa

jpUthd jpUKfj;Jr;nrt;tp vd;Wk; thopNa
,Uf;Fnkhop nad;ndQ;rpy; Njf;fpdhhd; thopNa
ve;ij najpuhrh;f; fpiwtdhh; thopNa
fUf;Fopapy; Gfhtz;zk; fhj;jUs;Nthd; thopNa
fhrpapdpyhhpadha;f;fhl;bdhd; thopNa
tUj;jkw te;njd;id tho;tpj;jhd; thopNa
kJuftp jk;gpuhd; thop thop thopNa.
Md jpUtpUj;jk; EhW kUspdhd; thopNa
Mrphpa NkOghl;lspj;jgpuhd; thopNa
<dkwte;jhjp naz;gNjoPe;jhd; thopNa
,yFjpUtha;nkhop ahapuj;njhUEhw;wpuz;Liuj;jhd; thopNa
thdzpAk; khkhlf; FUifkd;dd; thopNa
itfhrp tprhfj;jpy; te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa
Nrizah;Nfh dtjhuQ; nra;jts;sy; thopNa
jpUf;FUifr; rlNfhgd; jpUtbfs; thopNa.
Nkjpdpapy; itfhrp tprhfj;Njhd; thopNa

Ntjj;ijr; nre;jkpohy; tphpj;Jiuj;jhd; thopNa
Mjp FUtha;g; Gtpapy; mtjhpj;jhd; thopNa
mdtujQ; Nridah; Nfhd; mb njhONthd; thopNa
ehjDf;F ehyhapuk; ciuj;jhd; thopNa
ed;kJuftp tzq;Fk; ehtPwd; thopNa
khjtd; nghw;ghJifaha; twh;e;jUs;Nthd; thopNa
kfpo;khwd; rlNfhgd; itafj;jpy; thopNa.
ek;kho;thiug;gw;wpa jdpg;ghly;fs;
Njdwhkyh;j; njhilaYk; kTypAk;

jpUf;fpsh; Fiof; fhJk;
fhdwhkyh;j; jpUKfr; NrhjpAk;
faputj; Jth; thAk;
Nkhdkhfpa tbtKk; khh;gKk;
Kj;jpiuj; jpUf;ifAk;
QhdNjrpfd; ruz jhkiuAk; vd;
eadk; tpl;lfyhNt.
ghLtnjy;yhk; guhq;Frid neQ;rj;jhy;

NjLtnjy;yhk; Gspf;fPo;j; Njrpfid Xbg;Ngha;f;
fhz;gnjy;yhk; eq;ifapU fz;kzpia ahd; tpUk;gpg;
G+z;gnjy;yhk; khwdbg; NghJ.
kq;fs ];Nyhfk;
=efh;ahk; k`hGh;ahk; jhk;ugh;z;Aj;jNu jNl /

=jpe;j;hpzP %yjhk;Ne ஶlNfhgha kq;fsk; //
b) FUiff;fhtyg;gd; - ij
jdpad;
k;UNf tpஶhf ]k;G+jk; ehjnksep gjh=jk; /

[;Qhe Nahfhjp ]k;ge;jk; FUfhj;a�khஶ;uNa //
ehjnksep gjh]f;jk; [;QheNahfhjp ]k;gjk; /

FUfhjpg NahfPe;j;uk; ekhkp ஶpu]h ]jh //
thopj;jpUehkk;
kfukjpy; tprhfk; ehs; te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa

khwd;jhs; ehjKdp kyubNahd; thopNa
epfhpy;ed; QhdNahfk; ePz;L nra;Nthd; thopNa
eph;zakh iae;JnghUs; epiyawpNthd; thopNa
mfkWf;F kpuhkh;gjk; MirAs;Nshd; thopNa
Mo;thh;fs; kiwajid Ma;e;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa
nrfjyj;jpy; FU$hpy; nrdpj;j ts;sy; thopNa
nra;aFUiff; fhtyg;gd; jpUtbfs; thopNa.
c) gps;is jpUkiy ek;gp - itfhrp
jdpad;
t;UN\ tp]hf ]k;G+jk; uhkhD[ghjh=jk; /

=iஶyG+h;z ]j;Gj;uk; =iஶyhh;a kfk; gN[ //
=iஶyG+h;z ]j;Gj;uk; =y�;kzgjh];ujk; /

=iஶyhe;ta ]k;G+jk; =iஶyhh;ak`k; gN[//
d) guhq;Fr ek;gp - itfhrp
jdpad;
Nfhtpe;j uh[he;taN[h keP\p guhq;FN]h ahKeitke];ak; /

mghrfhu g;u]gk; j;UjPak; tpuh[Nj t;Uj;jkzp g;ujPg: //
thopj;jpUehkk;
kd;DGfo; itfhrp tprhfj;Njhd; thopNa
kjpsuq;fh; rPUiuf;Fk; kdKilNahd; thopNa
,d;Gfo; khwDiu epide;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa
ePs;Gtpapy; vjpgjp jhs; epoy; Fyj;Njhd; thopNa
md;Gld; Mwhapug;nghUis Ma;e;Jiuj;Njhd; thopNa
Mste;jhh; FiwjPu mtdp te;Njhd; thopNa
ed;Gfo;Nrh; ghl;aj;ij ekf;Fiuj;Njhd; thopNa
eye;jpfOk; guhq;Frdhh; ehNlhWk; thopNa.
e) MRhpg;ngUkhs; - Gz;lhPfh�h; - ngk;khd; ,uhkhE[Uila ,ul;ilahpy;

,uz;lhtJ gps;is - gPlhjpgjp - ahjthj;hp ,Ug;gplk; - Mdp - tprhfk;
`hhPjtk;r[yNjN` ghpG+h;zre;j;uk; =ahjthj;hpepyak; r;hpjy�kzhh;ak;

=Gz;lhPfeehgpjkhh;ath;ak; MRhpNjtkkyk; ruzk; g;ugj;Na
kpJNe J tprhfhahk; uhkhE[ FNuh];]{jk;

Gz;lhPfh�Njtk; jk; akNahuE[k; gN[.
f) jpUtha; nkhopg; gps;is - itfhrp
jdpad;
=iஶNyஶFUk; Nyhf Njஶpfhq;f;hp ]kh=jk; /

t;UN\ tpஶhf ]k;G+jk; te;Nj tuFzhfuk; //
ekஶ;=iஶy ehjha Fe;jPefu [e;kNe /

g;u]hjyg;j gukg;uhg;a ifq;fh;a ஶhypNe //
ehs; ghl;L
,tiu Nghw;wp ciuf;Fk; ghRuq;fs;
khKdpfs; mUspa cgNjruj;jpdkhiy Kjy; ghRuk;
ve;ij jpUtha;nkhopg;gps;is ,d;dUshy;

te;j cgNjrkhh;f;fj;ijr; - rpe;ij nra;J
gpd;dtUk; fh;f;f. cgNjrkha;g;Ngrpfpd;Nwd;
kd;dpa rPh; ntz;ghtpy; itj;J.
khKdpfs; mUspa Mh;j;jpg;uge;jk; 12,21,22,46,57 kw;Wk; 58Mk; ghRuk;
Njre;jpfOk; jpUtha;nkhopg;gps;is
khrpy; jpUkiyaho;thh; - vd;id Nerj;jhy;
vg;gbNa vz;zp epd;ghy; Nrh;j;jhh; vjpuhrh!
mg;gbNa eP nra;jUs;.
jpUkiyaho;thh; jpUtha;nkhopg;gps;is rPuUshy;

jU kjpnfhz; lth; jk;ik Aj;jhufuhf ntz;zp
apUkdNk. mth;f;fh najpuhr nuk;ikf; fLfg;
gukgje;jd;dp Nyw;wth;. vd;d gak; ekf;Nf.
jPjw;w Qhdj; jpUtha;nkhopg;gps;is rPuUshy;

Vjj;ij khw;W nkjpuhrh; jk;kgpkhd nkd;Dk;
Nghjj;ij Nawpg; gtkhk; Gzhpjidf; fle;J
Nfhjw;w khjtd; ghjf; fiuiaf; FWFtNd.
jpUtha;nkhopg;gps;is jPtpidNahe; jk;ikf;

FUthfp te;Ja;af; nfhz;L – nghUtpy;
kjpjh dspj;jUSk; tho;td;Nwh neQ;Nr!
vjpuhrh;f; fhshNdhk;ahk;.
Njrpfh;fs; Nghw;Wk; jpUtha;nkhopg;gps;is

thrkyh;j; jhsile;j tj;J ntDk; - Nerj;jhy;
vd; gpiofs; fhzh ntjpuhrNu! mbNad;
Gd; gfh;itf; NfSk; nghWj;J.
ve;ij jpUtha;nkhopg;gps;is apd;dUshy;

cd;jDWit Azh;j;jpagpd; - ,e;jTaph;f;
nfy;yh TwTk; eP nad;Nw najpuhrh!
epy;yhj Jz;Nlhntd; neQ;R.
thopj;jpUehkk;
itafnkz; rlNfhgd; kiw tsh;j;Njhd; thopNa

itfhrp tprhfj;jpy; te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa
Iad; mUs;khhp fiy Ma;e;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa
mofhUk; vjpuhrh; mb gzpNthd; thopNa
Ja;a cyfhhpad; jd; Jizg; gjj;Njhd; thopNa
njhy; FUfhGhp mjidj; Jyf;fpdhd; thopNa
nja;t efh; Fe;jp jd;dpy; rpwf;f te;Njhd; thopNa
jpUtha;nkhopg; gps;is jpUtbfs; thopNa.
17) mD\k;
a) =ke; ehjKdpfs; - Mdp
jdpad;
[;Na\;lhkhN] j;tEhuhNj [hjk; ehjKepk; gN[/

a: =ஶlhNu: ];Ujthe; g;uge;jkfpyk; FNuh: //
eNkhsrpe;j;ahj; Gjhf;yp\;l [;Qhe ituhf;auhஶNa /

ehjha KeNasfhj gftj; gf;jp ]pe;jNt //
ehs; ghl;L – cgNjruj;jpdkhiy – 36Mk; ghRuk;
njUSw;w Mo;thh;fs; rPh;ik mwpthuhh;.

mUspr; nraiy mwpthuhh;. - mUs; ngw;w
ehjKdp Kjyhk; (Kjyhd) ek; Njrpfiu my;yhy;
Ngij kdNk cz;Nlh NgR.
thopj;jpUehkk;
Mdp jdpy; mDlj;jpy; mtjhpj;jhd; thopNa
Mste;jhh;f;F cgNjrk; mUsp itj;jhd; thopNa
ghD njw;fpy; fz;ltd; nrhy; gy ciuj;jhd; thopNa
guhq;Frdhh; nrhy; gpuge;jk; ghpe;J fw;whd; thopNa
fhdKwj; jhsj;jpy; fz;birj;jhd; thopNa
fUizapdhy; cgNjrf; fjp mspj;jhd; thopNa
ehdpyj;jpy; FUtiuia ehl;bdhd; thopNa
eyk; jpfO ehjKdp ew;gjq;fs; thopNa.
b) nghpa gl;lh; (guhRu gl;lh;) - itfhrp
jdpad;
khjNt kh];aEhuhjh [hjk; gl;lhh;a Njஶpfk; /

Nfhtpe;j FUghjhg;[g;Uq;fuh[ k`k;gN[ //
=guhஶugl;lhh;a: =uq;NfஶGNuh`pj: /
=tj;]hq;f]{j: =khe; ஶ;NuaN] Nks];J G+aN] //
ehs; ghl;L
gl;liu Nghw;wpAiuf;Fk; cgNjruj;jpdkhiy 42Mk; ghRuk;

jQ;rPiu Qhdpah;fs; jhk;GfOk; Ntjhe;jp
eQ;rPah; jhk; gl;lh; ey;yUshy; - vQ;rhj
Mh;tKld; khwd; kiwg; nghUis Mae;Jiuj;jJ
Vh; xd;gjpdhapuk;.
thopj;jpUehkk;
njd;duq;fh; ike;jd; vdr; rpwf;f te;Njhd; thopNa

jpUneLe;jhz;lfg; nghUisr; nrg;Gktd; thopNa
md;dtay; G+Juhd; mb gzpe;Njhd; thopNa
metujk; vk;ghUf;F Ml;nra;Nthd; thopNa
kd;D jpUf;$udhh; tsKiug;Nghd; thopNa
itfhrp mDlj;jpy; te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa
gd;Dfiy ehy;Ntjg; gad; njhpe;Njhd; thopNa
guhrudhk; rPh; gl;lh; ghh; cyfpy; thopNa.
c) =uhkgps;is - itfhrp
jdpad;
$Nuஶ ee;jek; te;Nj t;ah]hk;ஶk; uq;fth]pek; /

mE}uhNj JitஶhNf [hjk; =uhkNjஶpfk; //
=Ntjt;ah] gl;lhh;ak; =uq;f ];jyth]pek; /

=tj;]rp`;e]j;Gj;uk; te;Nj =uhkNjஶpfk; //
thopj;jpUehkk;
njz;biu#o; jpUtuq;fk; nropf;f te;Njhd; thopNa

njd;duq;fh; ike;jd; vdr; rpwf;f te;Njhd; thopNa
gz;bjuhk; vjpuhrh; gjk; gzpe;Njhd; thopNa
ghbaj;jpd; cl;nghUisg; gfh;e;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa
kz;LGfo;f; $udhh; kfpo;e;j nry;td; thopNa
itfhrp mDlj;jpy; ghUjpj;jhd; thopNa
vz;birAk; rPnuk;ghh; gjk; gzpe;Njhd; thopNa
vopy; rPuhkg;gps;is ,izabfs; thopNa.
18) Nfl;il
a) njhz;lubg;nghbaho;thh; - khh;fop
jdpad;
Nfhjz;Nl [;Na\;l e�j;Nu kz;lq;Fb GNuhj;gtk; /

NrhNshh;t;ahk; tekhyhk;ஶk; gf;jgj;NuZkhஶ;uNa //
jNkt kj;th guth]{ Njtk; uq;Nfஶak; uh[tjh;`zPak; /

g;uhNghjfPk; Nahsf;Uj ]{f;jpkhyhk; gf;jhq;f;hpNuZk; gfte;jkPNl //
ehs; ghl;L - cgNjruj;jpdkhiy – 11Mk; ghRuk;
kd;dparPh; khh;fopapy; Nfl;ilapd;W khepyj;jPh;

vd;dpjDf; Nfw;wnkdp Yiuf;Nfd; - Jd;DGfo;
khkiwNahd; njhz;lubg;nghbaho;thh; gpwg;ghy;
ehd;kiwNahh; nfhz;lhLk;ehs;.
thopj;jpUehkk;
kz;lq; Fbajid tho;tpj;jhd; thopNa

khh;fopapy; Nfl;iljdpy; te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa
njz;biu# ouq;fiuNa nja;tnkd;whd; thopNa
jpUkhiy nahd;tjQ;RQ; nrg;gpdhd; thopNa
gz;L jpUg;gs;spnaOr;rp gj;Jiuj;jhd; thopNa
ghitah;fs; fytpjidg; gopj;j nry;td; thopNa
,njhz;L nra;J Jsgj;jhy; Jyq;fpdhd; thopNa
njhz;lubg; nghbaho;thh; Jidg;gjq;fs; thopNa.
b) nghpa ek;gp - khh;fop
jdpad;
jEh;[;Na\;lh]Kj;G+jk; ahKehq;f;hp ]kh=jk; /

kh`hG+h;zk; ajPe;j;uha ke;j;uuj;eg;ujk; gN[ //
fkyhgjp fy;ahzFzhk;Uj epN\tah /

G+h;z fhkha ]jjk; G+h;zha kN`Nj ek: //
jahepf;ek; ajPe;j;u];a Njஶpfk; G+h;zkhஶ;uNa /

Nae tpஶ;t];UN[h tp\;NzhuG+h;aj kNehuj: //
thopj;jpUehkk;
mk;Gtpapy; gjpd;kh;fiy aha;e;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa

Mste;jhh; jhspizia aile;Ja;e;Njhd; thopNa
ck;gh;njhO kuq;Nfrh;f; Ffg;GilNahd; thopNa
Xq;F jDf;Nfl;il jdpYjpj;j gpuhd; thopNa
tk;gtpo;jhh; tujUiu thop nra;jhd; thopNa
khwNdhp ek;gpf;F tho;tspj;jhd; thopNa
vk;ngUkhdhh; Kdpth;f; fpjKiuj;jhd; thopNa
vopy; nghpa ek;gp ruzpdpJhop thopNa.
c) jpUtuq;fg; ngUkhs; miuah; - itfhrp
jdpad;
=uhkkpஶ;ugjgq;;f[ rQ;rhPfk;
=ahKehh;a tuGj;uk`k; Fzhl;ak; /
=uq;fuh[fUzhghpzhk jj;jk;
=gh\;afhu ruzk; tuuq;fkPNl //
thopj;jpUehkk;
ehjKdpFye;jpfo ed;Fjpj;Njhd; thopNa

ew;wkpopd; kiwf;fpiria etpd;Wiug;Nghd; thopNa
fhjyuq;NfrhpUfoy; gzpNthd; thopNa
fhdtueatpirahy; fspg;gpg;Nghd; thopNa
Vjkpy; tz;fr;rpapid Vj;jpirg;Nghd; thopNa
vjpgjpiag; ghprhfNtw;W te;Njhd; thopNa
jPjpy; aKidj;Jiwtd; NrtbNahd; thopNa
jpUtuq;fg;ngUkhs; miuah; jpUtbfs; thopNa
d) nfhq;fpyhr;rhd; - Mtzp
thopj;jpUehkk;
Mtzpapy; Nfl;iljdpy; mtjhpj;jhd; thopNa

mofhUk; nfhq;Fjdpy; mkh;e;j nry;td; thopNa
NjtpnaDk; kw;wwpNad; vd;Wiuj;jhd; thopNa
NjtpnaDk; kidahshy; njspAw;whd; thopNa
ghtzpe;j khwDiu ghpe;Jfj;jhd; thopNa
ghftjhuhjdj;jhy; gUfpdhd; thopNa
Nfhapy; ek;ngUkhdhh;f;F kUfdhh; thopNa
nfhq;fpyz;zd; jk;Kila Fiufoy;fs; thopNa.
,tUila jh;kgj;dpahd = nfhq;F gpuhl;bahhpd; epj;a jdpad;
ahuq;f];jy thrpdk; ajpgjpk; khJ fuhh;j;jq;fjk; jj;uj;jpia

mtpte;jpjk; ]tpeak; j;U\;l;th gpuzk; %h;j;jp jhk;.
=uhkhD[ ghJfhh;r;rpjk; gjpk; gr;rhj; eurpk; khh;r;rpjhk;
jhk; Njtpk; g[jhk; mgP\;lgyjhk;
f) $uehuhaz [Pah; - khh;fop
jdpad;
=guh]ugl;lhh;a rp\;ak; =uq;fghyfk; /

ehuhazKepk; te;Nj [;Qhehjp Fz]hfuk; //
uq;Nfஶ tp[;Qg;jpf uhka];a rfhu rf;NuஶEjpk; ept;Uj;jNa /

]kh];uNaak; tuG+uzPk;a: jk; $uehuhaz ehkfk; Kepk; //
thopj;jpUehkk;
;
khh;ifopapy; Nfl;iljdpy; te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa
khyuq;fh; rPuUis kd;Dktd; thopNa
ghUyfpy; Rjh;rdj;jpd; GfOiug;Nghd; thopNa
gh\z;baidtiuAk; gwf;fbj;jhd; thopNa
rPnujpuhrh; gjj;jpy; tPw;wpUg;Nghd; thopNa
vg;NghJk; gjpd;kh;fiy ,dp Jiug;Nghd; thopNa
Vuhh;e;j Mo;thd;jd; gjk; gzpNthd; thopNa
vopy; $uehuaz Kdptd; thopNa.
g) ehY}h; Mr;rhd; gps;is - khh;fop
jdpad;
jEh;[;Na\;lh ]Kj;G+jk; ajpuh[hq;f;hp ]k;=jk; /

Ntjhe;j j;ta jj;t[;Qk; Njtuh[ FUk;gN[ //
,tiug;gw;wpa ghRuk; - cgNjr uj;jpdkhiy – 49tJ ghRuk;
Mq;fth; ghy; ngw;w rpwpaho;thdg;gps;is

jhk;nfhLj;jhh; jk;kfdhh; jk;ifapy; - ghq;FlNd
ehYhh;gps;isf;fth;jhk; ey;y kfdhh;f;fth;jhk;
NkNyhh;f;fPe;jh utNukpf;F.
h) mz;zhtpyg;gd; - khrp
(Ntq;flhrhh;ahh; ];thkp - mg;ghr;rpahuz;zhtpd; jpUf;Fkhuhh;)
jdpad;
thJ}y tujhrhh;a f;UghG+h;z kNehujk; /

=Ntq;fl FUk; te;Nj ஶPyhjp Fz]hfuk; //
thopj;jpUehkk;
jpUkhrpr;Nfl;ilehs; mtjhpj;Njhd; thopNa

nre;jkpOk; tlfiyAk; jpfo;e;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa
jpUf;fr;rpkhefuk; nropf;fte;Njhd; thopNa
rPuhUk;nkl;nlOj;ijj; njhFj;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa
ghpTlNd az;zhtpd; gjk;gzpe;Njhd; thopNa
ghUyfpybath;f;Fg; gjkspg;Nghd; thopNa
jpUTila ntjpuhrh; nry;tk; Kw;Wk; thopNa
Nrh;e;jGfo; mz;zhtpyg;gd; mbapizfs; thopNa.
19) %yk;
kzths khKdpfs;
a)=iஶNyr jdpad; mtjhpj;j ehs; - Mdp – jpU%yk;)

(09.07.1433 – g;ukhjPr tU\k; Mdpj; jpU%yk;)
=NஶNyஶjahghj;uk; jPgf;j;ahjp Fzhh;ztk; /

ajPe;j;ug;utzk; te;Nj uk;a[hkhjuk; Kepk; //
Mdpkhjj; jpU%yj;jd;W Nrtpf;f Ntz;ba ghRuq;fs;

mg;gps;shh; mUspr; nra;J cs;s rk;gpujha re;jphpif
MjpapNy mutuir mioj;J muq;fh;

mtdpapNy ,UE}whz;L ,Uk;ePh; vd;d
ghjpapNy cilatuha; te;J Njhd;wpg;
gukgjk; ehb mth; NghNtd; vd;d,
ePjpaha; Kd;Nghy epw;f ehb
epYitjid epiwNtw;wp thUk; vd;d,
rhjhuznkDk; khtUle; jd;dpy;
jdpj;Jyh %yehs; jhd; te;jhNu. 1.
ew;FNuhjdtUlk; kfu khjk;

eykhff; fd;dpifia kzk; Gzh;e;J,
tpf;fpuk tw;ruj;jpy; tPl;bUe;J
Ntjhe;j kiwg;nghUisr; rpe;ij nra;J
Gf;ffj;jpy; ngz;gps;is NghNy nrd;W
GtdpAs;s jyq;fnsy;yhk; tzq;fpte;J
Jf;fk; mw itzth;fs; njhz;L nra;aj;
Jhpaepiy ngw;W (c)yif c(a;)af;nfhz;lhNu. 2.
nraehk khdjpU Mz;L jd;dpy;

rPuq;f uhrUilaj; jpUehs; jd;dpy;
nrakhfj; jpUtPjp thuh epw;fj;
njd;dhl;L itztnud;W xUth; te;J
jiaAila kzthsg; ngUkhs; iedhh;
jk;Kd;Ng Xh; mUj;jk; ,ak;gr; nrhy;yp
radk;nra;J vOe;jpUe;J rpe;jpj;J Mq;Nf
re;jpj;Jf; Nfhapy;fhj;J mUspdhNu. 3.
tjhpahr; rpukj;jpy; ,Unka;j; njhz;lh;
tifahf ehuzid mb tzq;fp,
fjpahf Xh;nghUis mspf;f Ntz;Lk;
fz;zNd! mbNahq;fs; Njw vd;d
rjpuhfr; rPh;iry ke;jpuj;jpd;
rakhd ghjpia Mq;F mUspr;nra;J
gjpahd NfhapYf;Fr; nrd;kpd; ePtPh;
ghjpiaAk; nrhy;YJk; ahk; Njw vd;whh;. 4.
nrd;wth;fs; ,UtUNk Nru te;J

jpUtuq;fd; jpdrhpia Nfsh epw;g
re;epjpKd; fUlho;thh; kz;lgj;jpy;
jhk; <L rhj;Jfpd;w rkak; jd;dpy;
nghd;dpjdpy; ePuhbg; Gfo;e;J te;J
Gfouq;fh; re;epjpKd; tzq;fpepw;g
re;epjpapy; epd;Wmuq;fh; jhNk me;jj;
jdpad; ciu nra;J jiyf;fl;bdhNu. 5.
ey;yNjhh; ghpjhgp tUlk; jd;dpy;
eykhd Mtzpapd; Kg;gj;njhd;wpy;
nrhy;yhpa NrhjpAld; tpsq;F nts;spj;
njhy;fpoik tsh;gf;fk; ehyhk; ehspy;
nry;tk;kpF nghpajpU kz;lgj;jpy;
nrOe;jpUtha; nkhopnghUisr; nrg;Gk; vd;W
ty;ypAiw kzthshh; muq;fh; eq;fs;
kzths khKdpf;F toq;fpdhNu. 6.
Mde;j tUlj;jpd; fPo;ik Mz;by;
mofhd Mdpjdpd; %yehspy;
ghDthuk; nfhz;l gfypy; nra;a
ngsuizapd; ehspl;Lg; nghUe;jp itj;Nj
Mde;j kakhd kz;lgj;jpy;
mofhf kzthsh; <L rhj;jp
thdtUk; ePh;,l;l tof;Nf vd;d
kzths khKdpfs; fspj;jpl;lhNu. 7.
Njtpah;fs; ,UtUld; rPuq;Nfrh;

jpfo; jpUkhkzpkz;lgj;jpy; te;J
jhtpjkha; ,e;j cyNfhh;fs; tho
jkpo;kiwia tuKdptd; ciuf;ff; Nfl;Nl
Mtzpkhrk; njhlq;fp elf;Fk; ehspy;
mj;jpaadj; jpUehs; muq;f ehjh;,
jhtkw tPw;wpUe;J jUtha; vd;W
jhk; Nehf;fpr; rPah;jkf;F mUspdhNu. 8.
mUspdNj Kjyhf muq;fUf;Fk;
md;WKjy; mUe;jkpio mikj;Jf;nfhz;L
njUSila tpahf;fpia Ie;JlNd $l;bj;
jpfo; jpUkhkzpkz;lgj;jpy; te;J
nghUSiuf;Fk; Nghnjy;yhk; ngUkhSf;Fg;
Gd;rphpg;Gk; ghtidAk; kfpo;Tk; nfhs;s
mUSila rlNfhgh; ciuj;j Ntjk;
mJNfl;Lr; rhw;wpaJ ,j; jdpad;jhNd. 9.
thkhh; ngUQ;rPh;nfhs; kz;lgj;J ek;ngUkhs;

jhkhf te;J jdpj;J mioj;J - eP khwd;
nre;jkpo; Ntjj;jpd; nrOk;nghUis ehNlhWk;
te;Jiuaha; vd;Diuahy; tha;e;J. 10.
Nrw;Wf; fkytay; #o; muq;fh;jk; rPh;jiog;gg;

Nghw;wpj; njhOk; ey;y me;jzh; tho ,g;G+jyj;Nj
khw;ww;w nrk;nghd; kzthskhKdp te;jpyNdy;
Mw;wpy; fiuj;j Gspay;yNth jkpohuzNk. 11.
guthjp Nfrhpahh; mUspa

=iry itgtk;
$WNfd; cyfPNu Fq;Fkj;Njhs; muq;Nfrh;
khwd;kiwg; nghUs;Nfl;f kzths khKdpia
VWkiz jdpy; ,Uj;jp ,Uepyj;jpy; jhk; ,Ue;J
tPWlNd nrtprhj;jp tpiuab G+rid Mw;wp 1.
MW ,uz;L GwKk; #o; muq;fk;Kjy; E}w;nwl;Lk;

$wpa rPh;rapyj;ijf; nfhz;lhb ciuf;f vdh
Cwpa Njd;ngUf;nfd;d cd;dp mij cfe;Jiuj;jhd;
NrWtsh; fkiyike;jd; rpe;ijkfpe;J xUg;gl;Nl. 2.
(1, 2 Fsfk;)
gl;lh;gpuhd; Kjyha gjpd;kh;fiyg; gopr;rypYk;

rpl;lh;fshj; jpde;NjhWk; jpUkz;,L NtisapYk;,
,l;lKw c(z;)Zk; nghOjj;J xz;fuk; ePh; Vw;ifapYk;
ml;ljpf;Fk; tpsq;F(fc)iuj;jhh; Mhpah;fs; midtUNk. 3.
Mhpah;fs; nfhz;lhb Mrhpj;j jdpaidj; jhd;

Nghh;,aYk; njhz;lh;Fohk; ngUk;Ngwhf; nfhz;lduhy;
rPhpauha; thovz;zpy; nrfjyj;jPh; fw;Wzh;kpd;
jhh;,aYk; muq;fUf;Fk; jkpo;kiwf;Fk; kzkhNk. 4.
kzths khKdpia tOj;J(c)wNthh; gad;ngWth;
Fzkhff; nfhz;kpd; ,ijf; nfhLk;gpwtpg; gpzpmfy;tPh;
gzths;muh ,tuhk; gifj;jhNuy; ca;jy; ,yh;
kzKila ke;jpukh(f) kjpf;nfhs;sPh; jdpaidNa. 5.
jdpandd;W Ngh;rhw;wpj; jz;zuq;fh; Kd;dh;

,dpa jpUg;gtsj;jhNy - Kdptudhh;
khwd;kiw Kg;gj;jh whapuj;jpd; khz;nghUisf;
$w cgNjrpj;jhh; nfhz;L. 6.
Njrnkq;Fk; <J jpUg;gjpfs; NjhW ciuf;f
NerKw muq;fh; Nekpj;jhh;, VRkth;
ghjfuha; vhptha;g; gho;eufpy; Ja;g;gh; ,d;dy;
Ntjdhh; cs;s kl;Lk; va;j;J. 7.
va;aj; Jzpa ,uhtzpiaf; nfhd;wtd;fhz;
nra;a newptpsq;Fk; Nrld; mtd;, - itak;
jidtsh;f;F khW tuNahfp jhdha;,
tpidaWj;J tPLmUSk; Nte;J. 8.
Nte;juha; kz;zhz;L tpz;Nzwyhk; vspjha;,

Njha;e;j cwthapUf;fpy; njhy;YyfPh;, - Xh;e;Jca;a
Vjpnfh((z;)L fhyd; ,ope;J mkh;Nkthd;, tpz;Nzhh;
ehjDk; te;Nj tzq;Fk; ed;F. 9.
tzq;fpdhh; rPh;ngw;whh; tud;Kiwahy; tPlzh;Nghy;

,zq;fpdhh; XnuhUth; ,Uepyj;jpy; rpwg;Gw;whh;
gpzq;fpdhh; Nga;gpwtpg; Ngijahh;fs; jikf;fz;Nl
czq;fpdhh; jhkjuha; cs;rpde;jhh; njd;wtNu. 10.
njd;fiyahk; jkpo;Ntjr; rPh;iryj; jdpandDk;

ed;fiyia cs;frpe;J etpw;W ngUe;jif khe;jh;
kpd;fiyAk; GhpE}Yk; Nky;Nehf;F Gz;luKk;
njd;fiyAk; tlfiyAk; jpfo;ehth; MFtNu. 11.
MFfvd; ,dp vdf;F Xh; MuhtKjha; , vd;

Nrhfk; mw c(s;)sj;jlj;Jj; Jyq;F tutuNahfp,
NrFmW nrk;kyh;j;jhSk; rPh;iriyj; jdpaDk; ,d;W
Xifcwg; ngw;wndd; My; xypfly; jhuzpaPNu. 12.
jhuzpNahh; thovz;zpj; jhNd jpUtde;jd;

Ngh;mzpAk; FUifefh; gpwq;f edpg;NguUshy;
rPh;mzpAk; kzths khKdpaha;r; nrdpj;jdd; My;
jhh;mzpAk; muq;fUf;Fj; jkpo;kiwj;Njrpfd; vdNt. 13.
jkpo;kiwNahh; XJtNuy; jdpad;,J kw;wpy;iy
jpkpuk; mw nka;Q;Qhdr; nrOk;Rlh;Nrh; kdKilaPh;!
mkpohky; rKrhuj;J Mo;fliyf; flj;jp, xU
epkplj;jpy; epj;jpauha; epWj;Jk; Nghpd;gj;Nj. 14.
gj;Jj; jpirfspYk; gzkzpfs; Rlh;vwpg;g

Kj;jpjUk; muq;fUf;F %tizaha;r; #o;e;J ,yq;Fk;
vj;jpirAk; gzpe;J Vj;Jk; vk;nghpa KdpMFk;,
mj;jd;vopy; tuNahfp Maputha; mutuNr. 15.
muNtW Nktp mwpJapy; nfhs;Sk; muq;fh; ciu

tuNahfp rPh;iryj;jpd; ngUew;Gfo; itgtj;ij
tpufhy; ,irkiwNahh; jpyfd; jkpo;tPWila
guthjp Nfrhp ghg; gjpide;J gzpj;jdNd. 16.
b) kzthskhKdpfs; - Ig;grp - %yk; - mtjhu jpdk;
jdpad;
Jyhah kJNy %Ny ghz;l;Na Fe;jPGhPtNu /

=Nஶ\hk;Nஶhj;gtk; te;Nj uk;a[khjuk; Kepk; //
=NஶNyஶ jahghj;uk; jPgf;j;ahjp Fzhh;ztk; /

ajPe;j;ug;utzk; te;Nj uk;a[hkhjuk; Kepk; //
thopj;jpUehkk;
,g;Gtpap yuq;Nfrh;f; fPlspj;jhd; thopNa

vopy; jpUtha;nkhopg;gps;is apizabNahd; thopNa
Ig;grpapy; jpU%yj; jtjhpj;jhd; thopNa
muturg; ngUQ;Nrhjp aee;jndd;Wk; thopNa
vg;GtpAk; =iry Nkj;jte;Njhd; thopNa
VuhU nkjpuhr nudTjpj;jhd; thopNa
Kg;GhpEhy; kzptlk; Kf;Nfhy; jhpj;jhd; thopNa
%jhpa (%jwptd;) kzths khKdptd; thopNa.
ehs; ghl;L
nre;jkpo; Ntjpah; rpe;ij njspe;J rpwe;J kfpo;e;jpLehs;

rPUy fhhpah; nra;jUs; ew;fiy NjR nghype;jpLehs;
ke;j kjpg;Gtp khdplh; jq;fis thdp Yah;j;jpLehs;
khrW Qhdpah; Nrnujp uhrh;jk; tho;T Kisj;jpLehs;
fe;j kyh;g;nghopy; #o;FU fhjpgd; fiyfs; tpsq;fpLehs;
fhukh; Nkdp auq;f efh;f;fpiw fz;fs; fspj;jpLehs;
me;jkpy; rPh; kzthsKdpg;gu dtjhuk; nra;jpLehs;
moF jpfo;e;jpL ikg;grpapy; jpU%yknjDehNs.
kq;fs ];Nyhfk;
=kNj uk;a [hkhj;U KePe;j; uha k`hj;kNe /

=uq;fth]pNe G+ahj; epj;a=h; epj;akq;fsk; //
Jyh %yhtjP h;zha Njh\pjhfpy ]_uNa /

n]sk;a[hkhj;U KeNa Nஶ\hk; ஶhah];J kq;fsk; //
c) kzthskhKdpfs; jpUtj;aadk; (jPh;j;jk;) – khrp f;U\;z g� j;thjrp
Fk;gk;gh];tjp ahjp jj;]{jjpNe gN� tsh;Nj�Nu

j;thjஶ;;a ;hk; ஶ;;utzh; �gh[p UjpNuhj;fhh;ahf;a ]k;tj;];tNu /
jPgf;j;ahjpFzhh;zNth ajptuhjPe; mfpyhj;k ];j;jpjp:
=itFz;lkFz;l itgtkfhj; fhe;Njhgae;jh Kep: //
Mrpyhj kzthskhKdpaz;zy; G+kpAW Ig;grpapy; jpU%yk;

NjrehsJ te;J mUs;nra;j ek; jpUtha;nkhopg; gps;is jhd;
<rdhfp vOgj;J %thz;L vt;Taph;fisAk; ca;tpj;J tho;e;jdd;
khrp khy;gf;fj; Jthjrp khkzpkz;lgj;J va;jpdd; thopNa.
NkNy nfhLj;Js;s rk;gpujha re;jphpif ghRuq;fs;, =iry itgtk; ghRuq;fs;

kw;Wk; khKdpfs; jpUtj;aadj;jd;W Nrtpf;f Ntz;ba ghRuq;fs;
jpUty;ypf;Nfzp (gyhg;G+h; gj;jq;fp) = c.Nt. tPuuhfthrhh;ah; (]{Nu\;) ];thkp
njhFj;J ntspAl;Ls;s Mo;thh;-Mrhh;ah;fspd; jdpad;fSk; thopj;jpUehkq;fSk;
vd;Dk; Gj;jfj;jpy; ,Ue;J vLf;fg;gl;lJ.
20) G+uhlk;
a) Nrid Kjypahh; - Ig;grp
jdpad;
JyhfNj jpefNu G+h;th\hl ]Kj;gtk; /

gj;khgjhk;G[h]f;jk; N]ehjpgk`k; gN[ //
=uq;f re;j;uk]kpe;jpuah tp`h;j;Jk;

tpe;a];a tpஶ;trpjrpe; eaehjpfhuk; /
Nah eph;t`j;aepஶ kq;Fsp Kj;uiat

N]ehe;ake;atpKfh];jkஶp=ahk //
thopj;jpUehkk;
Xq;F Jyhg; G+uhlj; Jjpj;jnry;td; thopNa

Xz;nlhbahs; #j;jputjp Aiwkhh;gd; thopNa
<q;Fyfpy; rlNfhgw; fpjKiuj;jhd; thopNa
vopw;gpuk;gpd; nrq;Nfhiy Nae;Jktd; thopNa
ghq;Fld; Kg;gj;J%th; gzpAktd; thopNa
gq;faj;jhs; jpUtbiag; gw;wpdhd; thopNa
Njq;FGfo; muq;fiuNa rpe;ijnra;Nthd; thopNa
Nridah;Nfhd; nrq;fkyj; jpUtbfs; thopNa
b) jpUehuhazG+uj;J Ma; ([e;ahrhhah;) - Ig;grp

;
jdpad;
Mrhh;a `;Uja];ahh;j;jh: ]fyhNjh;]{jh: /

=]hEjh]kkyk; Njtuh[k; jkh];uNa //
thopj;jpUehkk;
Xq;F Jyh G+uhlj; Jjpj;j nry;td; thopNa

xz;kjpNahd; vjpuhrd; xz; ruNzhd; thopNa
ghq;FlNd Qhdg;gpuhd; gzpAktd; thopNa
gQ;rkj;jpd; nghUs; jd;idg; ghpe;Jiuj;Njhd; thopNa
Njq;FGfo; Njtuhrh; jpUtUNshd; thopNa
njd;kiwapd; kdg;nghUisj; njsptpj;jhd; thopNa
jhq;F jpUf;if jphpjz;lk; jhpj;j ts;sy; thopNa
jpUj;jho;tiu jhjh; jpUtbfs; thopNa.
kq;fs ];Nyhfk; ([Pah; ehadhh; mUspaJ)
=]-NjtP-ujhk;]ha ]pfhf; uhQ;[ypjhhpNz

=]hEjh]KeNa epj;a=: epj;akq;fsk;
21) cj;jpuhlk;;
a) Mste;jhh; - Mb
jdpad;
ஶ{nrs kh];Aj;juh\hlh[hjk; ahKeNj ஶpfk; /

=uhkkpஶ;uruz ]Nuh[h=j khஶ;uNa //
aj;gjhk;NghU`j;ahe tpj;t];jhNஶ\fy;k\: /
t];JjhKgahNjhs`k; ahKNeak; ehkpjk; //
thopj;jpUehkk;
kr;rzpAk; kjpsuq;fk; tho;tpj;jhd; thopNa

kiwehd;F NkhUUtpy; kfpo;e;Jfw;whd; thopNa
gr;irapl;l uhkh;gjk; gfUktd; thopNa
ghbaj;Njh dPNlwg; ghh;itnra;Njhd; thopNa
fr;rpefh; kha dpUfoy; gzpe;Njhd; thopNa
flf Tj;jpuhlj;Jf; fhYjpj;jhd; thopNa
mr;rkw kdkfpo;r;rp aize;jpl;lhd; thopNa
Mste;jhh; jhspizf sdtujk; thopNa.
b) Gz;lhPfh�h; (nghpa ek;gp jpUf;Fkhuh;) - Mb
jdpad;
ஶ{nrs kh]; Aj;juh\hlh [hjk; G+h;z FNuh]; ]{jk; /

ajpuh[hq;f;hp ]j;gf;jk; Gz;lhPfh� khஶ;uNa / /
te;Nj =Gz;lhPfh\k; k`hG+h;z FNuh]; ]{jk; /

ghuhj;th[FNyhj;G+jk; ajpehjgjh];hpjk; //
c) rz;lkhUjk; njhl;ilahrhh;ah; - khrp
jdpad;
]h;t]pj;jp j;uNahj];ahk; yf;Nd Ntjg;ujh`;tNa /

[hjk; Fk;Nghj;juh\hNl k`hFUk; gN[ //
thopj;jpUehkk;
khrp cj;jpuhlj;jpy; te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa

khrpy; Gfo; nghpag;gd; kfpo;e;j ike;jd; thopNa
Njrnkq;Fk; guthjprak; gilj;jhd; thopNa
jhprdj;ij cj;jhpj;Jj; njsptpj;jhd; thopNa
Mrpnyjpuhrh; epfuhd FU thopNa
Ie;J tpraq;fS kUspdhd; thopNa
J}rpy; thJ}y Fyk; Jyq;f te;Njhd; thopNa
J}akfh Njrpfdhh; Jizg; gjq;fs; thopNa.
ehs; ghl;L
mq;fkyj; jadhjp kjg; guthjpah; kq;fpLehs;

Mo;fly; #O;jU G+kpA shhpah; Nghfk; kfpo;jpLehs;
nghq;fpa G+j Ghpf;furhkth; nrQ;nrhy; rpwe;jpLehs;
nghw;ghuhrhpa tpraj;Jld; Gfo;kiwtho;jpLehs;
mq;fKghq;fKke;jkpo; NtjKNkh jpLehs; (jpAzh;e;jpLehs;)
Itifahk; tpraq;fswpe;jth; rpe;ij njspe;jpLehs;
nrq;fkythtpAs; rpq;fGue;jdpy; nry;tk; rpwe;jpLehs;
rPh;njhl;ilahhpah; te;jUs; ehs; jpUcj;jpuhl ehNs.
kq;fsk;
[Pahj;thJ}y tk;N]e;J: fyhG+h;Nzhk`hFU:

t;ahFh;td; epfkhe;jhh;jhd; ch;t;ahk; Mkhre;j;ujhufk;
thJ}y =epth]hh;ajda: =k`hFU:

th;j;jjhk;]hj;tpif: ]hh;j;jk; th;jad;ajpuhz;gjk;
thJ}y =epth]hh;a ]{jha Fz]hypNd

k`NjFuNt G+ahd; kq;fsk; ]hr;tjP ]kh:
rz;l khUjNtjhe;j tp[ahjp ];t]{f;jpgp:
Ntjhe;j ur\fhah];J k`hrhh;aha kq;fsk;
22) jpUNthzk;
a) jpUNtq;flKilahd; - Gul;lhrp
jdpad;
fe;ah ஶ;utz ]Q;[hjk; Nஶ\hry epth]pek; /

]h;Nt\hk; g;uj khrhh;ak; =epth]k`k; gN[ //
ஶ;utNz jpt;ae�j;Nu f;Ujhtjuzk; tpGk; /

tp\;ZkhjpFUk;y�;k;ah: ke;j;uuj;eg;ujk; gN[ //
kq;fs ];Nyhfk;
=a: fhe;jha fy;ahz epjNa epjNash;j;jp ehk; /

=Ntq;fl epth]ha =epth]ha kq;fsk; //
b) jpUnts;siw Gz;lhPfh�g; ngUkhs; - gq;Fdp
thopj;jpUehkk;
ghuhSk; rpgpNte;jd; gq;fpy; te;jhd; thopNa

gj;kjsgjj;ijg; ghtpj;Njhd; thopNa
rPuhh; nts;siwg; gQ;r jPh;j;jKs;shd; thopNa
vopy; gpUF khh;f;fz;Nlah; fpuq;fpdhd; thopNa
Njhuhj gJkkyh;f; fspj;Jiuj;jhd; thopNa
RNtjuhfj;JUtha;j; Njhd;wpdhd; thopNa
rPuhUk; gq;far; nry;tpf;fpdpahd; thopNa
vopy; nre;jhkiuf;fz;zd; jpUtbfs; thopNa.
jpUnts;siw gq;far; nry;tp ehr;rpahh; - gq;Fdp
thopj;jpUehkk;
G+q;fplq;fpy; jtk; nra;Ak; nghw;nfhbahs; thopNa

nghU ePyptdj;jpy; te;j G+kfshh; thopNa
Njq;F Rid #o;e;j jpUnts;siwahs; thopNa
nry;tj;jpy; tsh;fpd;w jpUkfshh; thopNa
ghq;Fld; %thapuj;J vOE}w;whs; thopNa
gj;kjs (gh;tjj;jpd;) Nkykh;e;j gq;faj;jhs; thopNa
Vq;Fk; ek;ik <Nlw;w ,dpjkh;e;jhs; thopNa
vopy; gq;far;nry;tp ,izabfs; thopNa.
c) =cufnky;yizahd; - Ig;grp
(jpUf;Nfhl;bA+h; vk;ngUkhd; - jpt;ag;uge;jj;jpy; Kjypy;
kq;fshrhrdk; ngw;w vk;ngUkhd;)
thopj;jpUehkk;
G+kfSk; kz;kfSk; Nghw;wte;Njhd; thopNa

Gfo;fjk;g Kdpjtj;jpy; Nghe;j ts;sy; thopNa
MnkdNtNfhl;befh; mkh;ej ; gpuhd; thopNa
ml;lhq;ftpkhdj;jpyha; tsh;Nthd; thopNa
fhkdhuhjid nra; fz;zdhh; thopNa
fjpNuW jpUNthzk; fhl;rp je;Njhd; thopNa
*VkDlyple;jpq;F te;Jjpj;Njhd; thopNa
vopYufnky;yidahd; ,izabfs; thopNa.
*Vkd; - `puz;ad;
jpUkhkfs; ehr;rpahh; - jpUf;Nfhl;bA+h; - gq;Fdp - cj;jpuk;
nrq;fkyj;NjAjpj;j Nfapdioahs; thopNa

njd;Nfhl;b khy; khh;gpy; NrUkts; thopNa
ntq;fypia tPwlf;Fk; nky;ypayhs; thopNa
kPdutp cj;jpuj;jpy; Nktpdhs; thopNa
nghq;FGfo; Nridah;Nfhd; Nghw;Wkts; thopNa
GtpapYs;Nshh; tho ,UnghUSiuj;jhs; thopNa
,q;Fyfpy; kq;ifah;fl;Nfw;w Ks;shs; thopNa
vq;fs; jpUkhkfshh; ,izabfs; thopNa.
vk;ngUkhd; thopj;jpUehkj;ijAk; gpuhl;bahh;

thopj;jpUehkj;ijAk; Nrh;j;Nj mEre;jpf;fNtz;Lk;.
d) ngha;ifaho;thh; - Ig;grp
jdpad;
Jyhahk; ஶ;utNz [hjk;; fhQ;r;ahk; fhQ;r ethhp[hj; /

j;thgNu ghQ;r[e;ahk; ஶk; ]NuhNahfp ekhஶ;uNa //
fhQ;r;ahk; ]u]p N`khg;N[ [hjk; fh]huNahfpek; /
fyNa a: =a: gj;A+ utpk; jPg kfy;gaj; //
ehs;ghl;L – cgNjruj;jpdkhiy 6, 7 ghRuq;fs;
Ig;grpapNyhz ktpl;lk;rjakpit
Xg;gpyth ehs;f Syfj;jPh; - vg;GtpAk;
NgRGfo;g; ngha;ifahh; G+jj;jhh; Ngaho;thh;
NjRlNd Njhd;Wrpwg;ghy;.
kw;Ws;stho;thh;fSf;F Kd;Nd te;Jjpj;J

ew;wkpohy; Ehy; nra;J ehl;ilAa;j;j - ngw;wpikNah
nud;W Kjyho;thh;fnsd;Dk; ngahpth;f;F
epd;w Jyfj;Nj epfo;e;J.
thopj;jpUehkk;
nra;aJyh Nthzj;jpw; nrfj;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa

jpUf;fr;rp khefuQ; nropf;fte;Njhd; thopNa
itae; jfspEhWk; tFj;Jiuj;jhd; thopNa
terkyh;f; fUtjdpy; te;jike;jhd; thopNa
nta;a fjpNuhd; jd;id tpsf;fpl;lhd; thopNa
Ntq;flth; jpUkiyia tpUk;Gktd; thopNa
ngha;ifKdp tbtoFk; nghw;gjKk; thopNa
nghd; KbAe; jpUKfKk; G+jyj;jpy; thopNa
e) njw;fho;thd; (jpUf;Nfhl;bA+h; ek;gp jpUf;Fkhuh;) - Mb
jdpad;
fh;fNl ஶ;utNz [hjk; uhkhD[ gjhr;hpjk; /

fhஶ;aghe;ta ]k;G+jk; ehuhaz FUk; gN[ //
=Nfh\;BG+h;z ]j;Gj;uk; ajpuh[ gjh];hpjk; /

fh];aghe;ta]k;G+jk; ehuhazFUk;gN[//
f) jpUf;fz;zkq;ifahz;lhd; - Mdp
jdpad;
,tuJ jdpad; fpilf;ftpy;iy.

thopj;jpUehkk;
md;GlNd ehjKdp mbgzpe;Njhd; thopNa

Mdpjdpy; jpUNthzj;jpy; mtjhpj;jhd; thopNa
,d;gKld; fz;zkq;if te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa
vOYlNd ehjehf Ml;rp nra;jhd; thopNa
Jd;gnkd jd;Kaw;rp ePj;jnry;td; thopNa
J}kzptz;zd; jhs; fjp vd;whd; thopNa
md;ghy; cyfhhpadhh; Nghw;w epd;whd; thopNa
mofhUk; jpUfz;zkq;ifahz;lhd; thopNa.
g) <r;rk;ghb [Pah; - Mdp
jdpad;
cghj;j rukhr;ukk; ajpGue;jhuh jpe;jpuh

epth] FU G+h;t[k; ajptuk; ]jh]k; r;uNa
mrk;ry j;UfQ;ry j;Ubj ]h;t Jh;th]eh
fjhq;Fu tpf];tuk; ep[Fyh gp[hj t;u[k;
G+Nahgp g;uzkhkpjk; rkjk g;uf;Qhjp uj;ehfuk;
=uhkhE[ Nahfpth;a fUzh tpr;uhzp jhe;j;ah ஶkk;
Fh;thzk; ep[ghj gf;j [ejhk; eph;thz ]k;gj; fhPk;
<r;rk;ghb Kepk; k`he;jk efk; g;uhg;iaf ghuhgzk;
thopj;jpUehkk;
Mdpjdpy; Xzj;jpy; mtjhpj;Njhd; thopNa
Ntq;flj;ijg; gjpahf tpUk;Gktd; thopNa
G+thh;e;j foy;fisNa Nghw;Wktd; thopNa
gjpd;kh;fiy cl;nghUis gfUktd; thopNa
mdtujk; mhpAUtd; mbnjhONthd; thopNa
vg;nghOJk; ajpgjpia Vj;Jktd; thopNa
Kj;jpjUk; Ke;EhYk; Kf;NfhYk; thopNa
vopy; <r;rk;ghb ciw [Pah;jhs; thopNa.
h) xd;whd jpUf;FWq;Fb =NguUshs uhkhE[ [Pah; ];thkp - rpj;jpiu
epj;ajdpad;
y�;;kp ehjhjp G+h;zhh;a ajPe;j;uhtjp ]k;];uak; /

jjPa fUzh ghj;uk; uhkhD[ Kepk; gN[: //
jpUe�j;jpu jdpad;
; kh]p kJ]{jejhu[hjk; uhkhE[h`;t ajpth;a flh�ghj;uk; /

irj;uhf;fa
];Uj;ae;jAf;k tp]jPfuzg;utPzk; = G+h;zehkKepth;ak`k; g[hkp //
irj;Nu ];utz ]Q;[hjk; uhkhE[gjhஶ;hpjk; /

k`hf;Ughte;ehkhek; FUq;fKepkhஶ;uNa //
thopj;jpUehkk;
rPuhUk; nrq;fkyr; Nrtbfs; thop
jpUtiuapw; rhj;jpa nre;Jtuhil thop
VuhUk; jpUkhh;gpy; Ke;E}Yk; thop
vjpuhruUspa rPh; Kf;NfhYk; thop
jhuhUQ; rq;fhopj; jle;Njhs;fs; thop
jlkyh;f;fz;zpid nahspUk; Kfr;Nrhjp thop
Muhh;tj;joF rpq;fh; mb njhONthd; thop
mUs; GhpAk; FWq;if Kdp mdtujk; thopNa.
Muhkk; #o; FWq;if Mste;Njhd; thopNa
mofhh; rpj;jpiu Nahzj;jtjhpj;jhd; thopNa
ghuhUk; gjpd;kh; gjk; gzpe;Ja;e;Njhd; thopNa
ghbaj;jpDl;nghUisg; gfh;e;jspg;Nghd; thopNa
rPuhUq; FWq;ifek;gp jpUtUNshd; thopNa
nry;t ehuzd; Nrit nra;Jfg;Nghd; thopNa
VuhUk; vjpuhrh; ,izabNahd; thopNa
ve;ij NguUshs khKdptd; (NguUshsKdp) ,izabfs; thopNa.
ehs; ghl;L
ePuhh; nrQ;rilahndhL gq;fad; epd;W gzpe;jpL ehs;

epjKoy; ghkuh; ghftNjhj;jkh; ePh;ik nghUe;jpL ehs;
ghuhh; nre;jkpo; khkiwgapy;Nthh; ghpjpnadj;jpfo; ehs;
gukjFQ;ru gQ;rhddkha;g; ghhpy; tpsq;fpL ehs;
rPuhh;FWq;Fb khefh;ek;gpAk; NjRnghype;jpL ehs;
rpwe;j ngUk;G+J}h;Kdp td;Gfo; Nrh;e;Jtpsq;fpL ehs;
NguUshs uhkhE[ [Pahpd; ngUiktpsq;fpL ehs;
gpwq;fpaNkle; jpfo;jpUNthzg; Ngh;ngW jpUehNs.
,e;j jdpad;fisAk; thopj;jpUehkq;fs; kw;Wk; ehs; ghl;ilAk; mbNaDf;F

nfhLj;J cjtpa jpUf;FWq;Fb th;j;jkhd 50tJ gl;lk; == NguuUshs
uhkhE[ [Pah; ];thkpf;Fk; kw;Wk; jpUf;FWq;Fb = c.Nt.jpUehuhaz
ma;aq;fhh; ];;thkpf;Fk; (jpUf;FWq;Fb [Pah; klj;ij Kd;G eph;tfpj;J te;jth;)
ed;wp cwpj;jhFf.
i) gps;is Nyhfhrhh;ah; - Ig;grp
jdpad;
Jyhahk; ஶ;utNz [hjk; Nyhfhh;a k`khஶ;uNa /

=fpU\;zghj jeak; jj;gjhk;G[ ]k;=jk; //
Nyhfhrhh;aha FuNt f;U\;z ghj];a ]{eNt /

]k;]huNghfp ]e;j\;l [Pt[PthjNt ek: //
ehs;ghl;L - cgNjruj;jpdkhiy 53tJ ghRuk; Kjy; 59Mk; ghRuk; tiu
md;d Gfo;KLk;ig az;zYyfhrphpad;

,d;dUshy;nra;jfiy ahitapYk; - cd;dpy;
jpfo;trd G+lzj;jpd; rPh;ik nahd;Wf;fpy;iy
Gfoy tpt;thh;ij nkapg;NghJ.
Kd;dk;FuNthh; nkhope;j trdq;fs; jd;id

kpff;nfhz;L fw;Nwhh; jk;Kaph;f;F - kpd;dzpahr;
Nrur;rikj;jtNu rPh;trd G+lznkd;; Ngh;
,f;fiyf;fpl;lhh; gpd;.
Mh;trdG+lzj;jp dho;nghUnsy;ykwpthh;
MuJnrhd;Ndhp yEl;bg;ghh; - XnuhUt
Uz;lhfp yj;jidfhZs;sNk
vy;yhh;f;Fk; mz;lhj jd;NwhtJ.
ca;aepidTilaP Uq;fSf;Fr; nrhy;Yfpd;Nwd;

itaFUKd;dk; tha;nkhope;j - nra;afiy
ahk; trdG+lzj;jpdho; nghUisf;
fw;wjDf; fhk; epiyapy; epy;Ykwpe;J.
Njrpfh;ghw;; Nfl;l nrOk;nghUisr; . rpe;ijjd;dpy;
khrwNta+d;w keeQ;nra;J - Mrhpf;f
ty;yhh;fs; jhk; trdG+lzj;jpd; thd;nghUisf;
fy;yhj njd;Ndh fth;e;J.
rr;rk;gpujhak; jhKilNahh; Nfl;lf;fhy;

nkr;Rk;tpahf;fpia jhDz;lhfpy; - er;rp
mjpfhpAk; ePh; trdG+lzj;Jf;fw;w
kjpAilaPh;. kj;jpaj;juha;.
rPh;trd G+lzj;jd; nrk;nghUisr;. rpe;ijjd;dhy;
NjhpYkhk; tha;nfhz;L nrg;gpYkhk; - Mhpah;fhs;
vd;jdf;F ehS kpdpjhfepd;wijNah
ce;jkf;nft;tpd;g Ksjhk;.
thopj;jpUehkk;
mj;jpfphp aUshs uDkjpNahd; thopNa
Ig;grpapy; jpUNthzj; jtjhpj;jhd; thopNa
Kj;jpnewp kiwj;jkpohy; nkhope;jUs;Nthd; thopNa
%jhpa kzthsd; Kd;Gjpj;jhd; thopNa
epj;jpak; ek;gps;is gjk; neQ;rpy; itg;Nghd; thopNa
ePs;trd G+lzj;jhy; epakpj;jhd; thopNa
cj;jkkhk; KLk;igef Ujpj;jts;sy; thopNa
cyfhhpad; gjq;f�opnjhWk; thopNa.
jdpg;ghly; - khKdpfs; mUspaJ
thop cyfhrphpad; thopatd; kd;DFyk;

thop KLk;ig nad;D khefuk; - thop
kdk;R+o;e;j Nghpd;g ky;FkpF ey;yhh;
,dk; R+o;e;jpUf;Fk; ,Ug;G.
j) Ntjhe;jhrhhpah; - Gul;lhrp
jdpad;
fe;ahஶ;utz ]k;G+jk; fz;lhk;ஶk; Ntq;fNlஶpJ: /

=kj; Ntq;flehjhh;ak; te;Nj Ntjhe;j Njஶpfk; //
=khe; Ntq;flehjhh;a: ftpjhh;f;fpfNf]hP /

Ntjhe;jhrhh;ath;Nah Nk ]e;epjj;jhk; ]jh `;Ujp: //
k) gps;isNyhfk; [Pah; - rpj;jpiu
jdpad;
=rlhhp FNuhh;jpt;a =ghjhg;[ kJt;ujk;

=kj; ajPe;ju g;utzk; =Nyhfhh;a Kepk; gN[.
thopj;jpUehkk;
rPuhUk;fr;rpefh; rpwf;fte;Njhd; thopNa

rpj;jpiuapNyhzj;jp Yjpj;j nry;tdhh; thopNa
VuhUk; Foy;klthhpd; gWj;Njhd; thopNa
ajPe;jpug;gputzg; gpughtk; vLj;Jiuj;jhd; thopNa
ePuhUtuq;fj;jpy; epiuNtw;wpdhd; thopNa
ePNuNyhfhhpa ndd;W epakdk; ngw;Nwhd; thopNa
jhuhUkh wdb jpdk;njhONthd; thopNa
jhuzpapy; Nyhfkzp jhs;fnsd;Wk; thopNa.
kq;fs ];Nyhfk;
=kj;ajPe;j;ug;utz g;ught g;ujpjhj;kNe

=fhh;f;atk;r;a Nyhfhh;a KeNa epj;akq;fsk;
l) Qhd jpU\;b mofg;gq;fhh; ];thkp

(xd;whd Mj;jhd; ];thkp jpUf;Fkhuh;) - rpj;jpiu
jdpad;
tujhh;a FNuh: Gj;uk; jj;gjhg;i[f jhufk;

[;Qhegf;jpahjp [yjpk; te;Nj ]{e;juNjrpfk;
ghJNf ajpuh[];a fjae;jp ajhf;aah

j];a jh]uNj: ghnjs ]pu]h jhuahk;a`k;
irj;Nuஶ;utz e�j;Nu =kj; tj;] FNyhj;gtk;

tujhh;a FNuh ஶp\;ak; ]{e;juhh;ak; ]khஶ;uNa
= theiry Kepuh[ gjhg;[ ]q;fhj;

uhkhE[hh;a jea]; ]{juhk;gghN].
rPh;
thkp mofg;gdUs; tha;j;j jpUtbfs;

thop tujhrhhpad; tho;ike;jd; - thopNa
rlNfhgd; jz;lkpioj; jhuzp Nahh;f;nfy;yhk;
jplkhfNt ciuf;Fk; rPh;.
thopaofg;ghhpad;jd; khkyh;j;jhs; thopatd;

kpF Qhdf; fz;zpizfs; thopNa - je;ijnaopy;
Mj;jhd; jd;dpd;dUshy; kiwg;nghUisr;
re;jKk; jhDiuf;Fk; rPh;.
thopj;jpUehkk;
rPPuhUk; nrq;fkyj;jpUj;jhspiz thopNa

jpUKoe;jhSk; Fwq;Fk; jpUtiuAk; thopNa
ghuhUe; jpUTe;jpg; gl;lhil thopNa
gq;faj;jhh; ciwkhh;Gk; gizg;GaKk; thopNa
fhuhUk; jpUf;FoYk; fOj;joFk; thopNa
fUiznghop tpopAk; fhjpuz;Lk; thopNa
VuhUe; jpUehrp ,yq;F Kb thopNa
vq;fs; mofg;igaq;fhh; ,dp Jhop thopNa.
njhq;fy;
khybahh; thokjps; FU$h; jhd; tho
rPykpF ek;kho;thh; rPh;tho – rhyNt
ve;epyKk; Nghw;Wk; vopy; mofg;ghhpaNd
,d;DnkhU Ehw;whz;bUk;.
m) jpUkiy tpQ;rp%h; jhjhrhhpah; - rpj;jpiu
jdpad;
=iryG+h;znjs`pj;uk; Ntq;flhh;a FNuh];]{jk;

jj;jahg;uhg;j gh\;ahh;j;jk; jhjhrhh;ak; m`k;gN[
=iryG+h;z FUzhg;uhg;j[; Qhdhjp]k;gjk;

jhjhrhh;ak;gN[epj;ak; nfsrpfhe;ta G+\zk;
thopj;jpUehkk;
rPh;kypAQ; rpj;jpiuapy; rputzj;Njhd; thopNa

jpUNtq;flhhpad;jd; nry;tike;jd; thopNa
jhh;kypAk; mtd; ruzk; jhdile;Njhd; thopNa
jkpo;kiwrPh; ghbaE}y; jkh;f;Fiug;Nghd; thopNa
Ngh;kypAk; vjpuhrd; ngUikngw;Nwhd; thopNa
nghpajpUkiy ek;gp Ngudhh; thopNa
Vh;kypAk; mUshs ajpFyj;Njhd; thopNa
vopy; jhjhrhhpad;jhs; ,dpJ}op thopNa.
n) jpUf;NfhtY}h; Mo;thd; - vk;ngUkhdhh; [Pah; - Mtzp
=thke[ae;j;ahk; J [hjk; NfhgGNur;tuk;

te;Nj tuFzhth]k; ajpuh[ gjhr;hpjk;
o)muzg;Guj;jho;thd; - gPlhjpgjp - fh;ehlfk; ,Ug;gplk; - gq;Fdp
kPNd r;utz e�j;Nu [hjk; ajptuhr;hpjk;

muzg;Guehjhh;ak; te;Nj =gh\;a ie\;bfk;
p) jpUkiy jpUg;gjp nghpa Nfs;tp mg;gd; guk`k;] jpUNtq;fl uhkhE[ [Pah;

];thkp - Gul;lhrp (khKdpfs; Vw;gLj;jpa m\;l jpf;f[q;fspy; xUth;)
jdpad;
Nfhtpe;j y�;kz KePe;j;u f;Ugh g;ujj;j

=Ntq;fNlr tufpq;fu t;Uj;jp ep\;lk; /
=ke;ejhh;j;jpù ghj]Nuh[g;Uq;fk;
=Ntq;fNlr Kepth;ak`k; g;ugj;Na //
thopj; jpUehkk;
fd;dpj; jpUNthzj;jpy; te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa

fd;khkiy Ntq;fltw;Fmbik nra;Nthd; thopNa
vjpuhrh; ghbaj;ij vLj;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa
<LKg;gj;jhwhapuk; ,ak;Gtd; thopNa
kzthskhKdptd; kyubNahd; thopNa
khjh;fs; fytpjid kWj;j nry;td; thopNa
jpUkiyapd; nry;tj;Jf;F mjpgjpNahd; thopNa
jpUNtq;fl khKdptd; jpUtbfs; thopNa.
Mo;thh;fs; tho mUspr;nray; tho

jho;tpyh Kd;Nzhh;fs;jhk; tho - tho;thf jpUkiyapy;
kd;Dk; jpUNtq;fl ,uhkhEr KdpNa
kq;fsk;
=kNj G+h;zfhkha =iriyf th]pNe /

=Ntq;fl ajPe;j;uha epj;a=h; epj;akq;fsk; //
NkNy Fwpg;gpl;L cs;s jpUkiy nghpa [Pah; jdpad; thopj;jpUehkk; kq;fs
];Nyhfj;ij mbNaDf;F nfhLj;J cjtpa Kidth; = c.Nt.M..tujuh[d;
];thkpf;F ed;wp cwpj;jhFf.
23) mtpl;lk;
a) G+jj;jho;thh; - Ig;grp
jdpad;
Jyhjep\;lh ]k;G+jk; G+jk; fy;Nyhykhype: /

jPPNu Gy;Nyhj;gNy ky;yhGh;ah kPNl fjhk;ஶ[k; //
ky;yhGu tuhjக் ஶk; khjtP F]{Nkhj;gtk; /

G+jk; ekhkp Nah tp\;Nzhh; [;Qhe jPg kfy;gaj; //

thopj;jpUehkk;
md;Ng jfspEhW kUspdhd; thopNa

Ig;grpap ytpl;lj;jp ytjhpj;jhd; thopNa
ed;Gfo;Nrh; FUf;fj;jp ehz;kyNuhd; thopNa
ey;yjpUf; fld;ky;iy ehjdhh; thopNa
,d;GUF rpe;ijjphp apl;lgpuhd; thopNa
Vopy;Qhdr; Rlh;tpsf;if Naw;wpdhd; thopNa
nghd;GiuAe; jpUtuq;fh; GfOiug;Nghd; thopNa
G+jj;jhh; jhspizapg; G+jyj;jpy; thopNa.
b) mofpa kzthsg; ngUkhs; ehadhh; - khh;fop
jdpad;
jEh; jep\;lh ]k;G+jk; =Nyhfhh;a gjh=jk; /

te;Nj tuFzhth]k; tu[hkhj;UNjஶpfk; //
j;uhtplhk;eha `;Ujak; FUgh;t f;ukhfjk; /

uk;a[hkhj;UNjNte jh;ஶpjk; f;U\;z]{Eeh //
ehs; ghl;L
,tiu Nghw;wp ciuf;Fk; ghRuk; - cgNjruj;jpdkhiy - 47 ghRuk;
eQ;rPah; nra;j tpahf;fpiafs; ehypuz;Lf;F

vQ;rhikahitf;F kpy;iyNa - jk;rPuhy;
itaFUtpd; jk;gp kd;DkzthsKdp
nra;Akit jhKk; rpy.
,q;Nf itaFUtpd; jk;gp vd;wJ gps;is Nyhfhrhhpahpd; jpUj;jk;gpahh;
mofpakzthsg; ngUkhs; ehadhiuf; Fwpf;Fk;. (kd;D kzthsKdp vd;wJ
thjpNfrhp mofpa kzthsr; rPaiu Fwpf;Fk;).
thopj;jpUehkk;
kd;dparPh; kjpsuq;fk; kfpote;Njhd; thopNa

khh;fopapy; mtpl;lj;jpy; te;jts;sy; thopNa
kpd;DGfo; Mhpakdk; nkhope;jUs;Nthd; thopNa
Nkd;idkpF jpUg;ghit tphpj;Jiuj;jhd; thopNa
njd;Diuapy; cyfhhpad; jpUtbNahd; thopNa
=f;Uz;ghjFU nry;tike;jd; thopNa
md;dGfo; KLk;ig ek;gpf; fd;GilNahd; thopNa
mofpakzthsd;jd; mbapizfs; thopNa.
Mhpakdk; - Mrhh;a`;Ujak;
c) eLtpy; jpU tPjpgps;is gl;lh; - Ig;grp
jdpad;
Jyh jep\;lh ]k;G+jk; =Nyhfhh;a gjh=jk; /

gl;lehj FNuh: Gj;uk; tPjp gl;lhh;a khஶ;uNa //
d) ,isaty;yp ahr;rhd; jpUtk;]j;jtUk; kzths khKdpfs; rp\;aUkhd

tue;jUk; ngUkhs; mg;ig - Mtzp
vj;jpirAk; ghbaj;ij vLj;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa

vq;fspistpy;yp nad;Nwj;Jktd; thopNa
Kj;jpjUkhwd; nkhopKad;Wiug;Nghd; thopNa
%Jfhtzpatpl;lk; Kd;Gjpj;jhd; thopNa
gf;jpAld; tuNahfp gjk;gzpNthd; thopNa
gjpd;kh;fiyAl;nghUisg; gfUktd; thopNa
mj;jpfhp thOkz;z mUSilNahd; thopNa
md;GlNd tue;jUth ubapizfs; thopNa.
24) rjak;
a) Ngaho;thh; - Ig;grp
jdpad;
Jyh ஶjgp\f; [hjk; kA+uGhp ifuthj; /

k`he;jk; k`jhf; ahjk; te;Nj =ee;jfhk;ஶ[k; //
j;U\;l;th J\;lht Nah tp\;Zk; ukah kapyhjpgk; /

$Ng uf;Njhj;gNy [hjk; k`jh`;takhஶ;uNa //
ehs; ghl;L

thopj;jpUehkk;
jpUfz;NlndD E}WQ; nrg;gpdhd; thopNa

rpwe;j itg;grpapw; rjak; nrdpj;j ts;sy; thopNa
kUf;fkOk; kapiyefh; thote;Njhd; thopNa
kyh;f;fhpa nea;jy;jdpy; te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa
neUf;fplNt apilfopapy; epd;wnry;td; thopNa
Nekprq;fd; tbtoif neQ;rpy;itg;Nghd; thopNa
ngUf;fKld; jpUkopirg; gpuhd; njhONthd; thopNa
Ngaho;thh; jhspiz apg;ngUepyj;jpy; thopNa.
b) gpd;gofpa ngUkhs; [Pah; - Ig;grp
jdpad;
Jyh ஶjgp\f; [hjk; =Nyhfhh;a gjh=jk; /

[;Qhehjp G+\zk; te;Nj gஶ;rhj; ]{e;ju Njஶpfk; //
ehs;ghl;L – cgNjruj;jpdkhiy 66Mk; ghRuk;
gpd;gofuhk;ngUkhs; rPah;. ngUe;jptj;jpy;

md;gJTkw;W kpf;fthirapdhy; - ek;gps;isf;
fhdtbikfs;nra; ae;epiyia ed;ndQ;Nr
Cdkw ntg;nghOJNkhh;.
,th; jk; Mrhh;auhd ek;gps;isaplk;, kw;w rp\;ah;fisf; fhl;bYk;, nfhz;L

,Ue;j g;Nukk; xg;Gah;tw;wJ. ,tiug;Nghy; ek;khy; ,Uf;f Kbahtpl;lhYk;,
,tUila ep\;iliar; rpe;jid nra;jhy; mJNt ehk; c[;[Ptpf;fg; NghJ
khdJ vd;W ,g;ghRuj;jpy; fhl;bdhh; khKdpfs;.
25) G+ul;lhjp
a) nrhl;il ek;gp - ij
jdpad;
kfNu irfghj;Na r ahKehrhh;a ee;jek;

uhkhE[hh;a ]r;rp\;ak; G+h;z Njஶpf khஶ;uNa
b) ehY}uhd; - ij
jdpad;
kfNu irfghj;Na r rJh;f;uhk epth]pek;
$uehj FNuh: ஶp\;ak; N]Nt ஶ{g Fzhh;ztk;
c) Nfhapy; fe;jhilaz;zd; - Gul;lhrp
jdpad;
=uk;;atunksePe;j;u =ghjhg;[kJt;ujk; /
t;U\Ng ikj;uNg [hjk; tujhh;ak`k; gN[//
]fy Ntjhe;j]huhh;j;j G+h;zhஶak;

tpGythJhyNfhj;Nuhj;gthehk; tuk; /
Urpu[hkhj;UNahfPe;j;u ghjhஶ;uak;
tujehuhazk; kj;FUk; ]k;ஶ;uNa //
thopj;jpUehkk;
NjdkUkyh; Kshpj; jpUj;jhs;fs; thopNa

jpUr;Nriy apilthop jpUehgp thopNa
jhdkU kyh;f;fz;fs; jdpAjuk; khh;gk;
jq;Fnjhq;F KgtPjk; jle;Njhs;fs; thopNa
khdgud; kzths khKdp rPh;NgRk;
kyh;g;gtstha;thop kzpKWty; thopNa
MddKe;jpUehkkzp EjYk; thopNa
mUs; tbtd; fe;;jhilaz;zndd;Wk; thopNa.
Nguhjek;gpwg;igg; Ngh;f;fty;Nyhd; thopNa
nghpa ngUkhsUshw; ngUik ngw;Nwhd; thopNa
vuhUed; kjpapNdw;wKs;Nshd; thopNa
vjpuhrd; jhprdj;ij naLj;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa
ghuhued;Gfiog; gilf;f ty;Nyhd; thopNa
gfh;trdG+lzj;jpd; gbAilNahd; thopNa
MuhkQ;R+o;Nfhap ytjhpj;Njhd; thopNa
mtdpnjhOq;fe;jhil az;zndd;Wk; thopNa.
Gz;zpa ew;Gul;lhrpg; G+ul;lhjp

kz;zpYjpj;j kiwNahNd - vz;zpjpahk;
fd;dpkjps; #o; Nfhapy; fe;jhil mz;zNd
26) cj;jpul;lhjp
a)tpshQ;Nrhiyg; gps;is - Ig;grp - jdpad;
Jyhs`ph;Gj;e;a]k;G+jk; =Nyhfhh;a gjh=jk; /

];g;jfhjh g;utf;jhuk; ehuhazk`k; gN[ //
=Nyhfhh;a gjhutpe;j kfpyk; ஶ;Uj;ah;j;j Nfhஶhk;];jjh

Nfh\;BQ;rhgp jNjfyPeke]h ]Q;rpe;j;ae;jk; Kjh /
=ehuhaz jh]khh;akkyk; N]Nt ]jhk; Nஶtjpk;
=thf;G+\z $lghttpt;Ujpk; a];]g;jfhjhk; t;ajhj; //
b) Vl;^h; rpq;fuhrhh;ah; - Mb
jdpad;
n]k;a[hkhj;UNahfPe;j;u ghjgq;NfU`hஶ;uak;
=iஶyeu]pk;`hh;ak; te;Nj ]j;Fz]hfuk;
c) fe;jhil ehad; - khh;fop
jdpad;
=kj;thJ}y tuj ehuhaz FNuh];]{jk; /

]h;t[;Qk; ]h;t]{ygk; =epth]FUk;gN[ //
thopj;jpUehkk;
nrd;wile;Njhh; gpwg;gWf;Fk; rPh; gjq;fs; thopNa

rpwe;j cilaoFk; nkopw;rPh;khh;Gk; thopNa
Fd;wida jpuNlhSk; GhpE}Yk; thopNa
FykiwapDl; nghUisf; Fwpj;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa
md;wyh;e;j kyh; fkyj; jzpKWty; thopNa
mioj;J tho;tpj;jhh;jk; mUSilNahd; thopNa
ed;wp Gidfe;jhil ehandd;Wk; thopNa
eyKil fUid tpop ehNlhWk; thopNa.
kz;zpd;Nkd; khh;fopapy; cj;jpuhl;lhjp jdpy;
ed;dptsh; fe;jhil ehaNd - vz;zhpa
kpd;D jkpo;Ntj Kah; Ntjhe;jpK Kiuj;Nj
,d;DnkhU Ew;whz;bUk;.
27) Nutjp
a) ek;ngUkhs; - rpj;jpiu
jdpad;
irj;Nu Nutjp ]Q;[hjk; n]sk;a [hkhjuk; g;uGk; /

te;Nj thj;]y;a epyak; fy;ahzFz]hfuk; //
y�;kP fy;gyNjhj;Jq;f ];je];jgfrQ;ry: /

=uq;fuh[ g;Uq;Nfh Nk ukjhk; khe]hk;GN[ //
ehs; ghl;L – cgNjruj;jpudkhiy
38Mk; ghRuk;
vk;ngUkhdhh; jhprdnkd;Nwapjw;F
ek;ngUkhs; Nghpl;L ehl;bitj;jhh; - mk;GtpNahh;
,e;jjj;jhprdj;ij nak;ngUkhdhh; tsh;j;j
me;jr;nraywpiff;fh.
50Mk; ghRuk;
ek;ngUkhs; ek;kho;thh;. eQ;rPah; ek;;gps;is
nad;gh;. mtuth;jk; Nkw;wj;jhy; - md;GilNahh;
rhw;W jpUehkq;fs; jhndd;W ed;ndQ;Nr
Vj;jjidr; nrhy;yp eP apd;W.
thopj;jpUehkk;

,UtpRk;gpy; tPw;wpUf;F kpikath; Nfhd; thopNa
(nghpa ngUkhSf;Fk; ek;ngUkhSf;Fk; xNu thopj;jpUehkk;. cj;jpuk; nghpa

gpuhl;bahhpd; jpUel;rj;ukhdhYk; nghpangUkhs; thopj;jpUehkj;Jld; Nrh;j;J
mEre;jpg;gNj tof;fkhjyhy; ,t;tplj;jpy; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ).
nghpa gpuhl;bahh;

kq;fs ];Nyhfk;

b) Qhdg;gpuhd;
jdpad;
Nk\irj;Nu f;U\;zgN� fhykhj;u – rJh;jஶP /

ngs\;z – e�j;u – Af;jh r g;uhj]; ]e;j;ah - ]ke;tpjh //
tuh`];a [ae;jP ]h ஶ;Ntjthuh` fy;gfh /
`Puz;ah� – tjhh;j;jha juz;Aj;juzha r //
c) vWk;gpag;gh - Ig;grp
jdpad;
Jyh Nutjp ]k;G+jk; tuNahfpgjhr;hpjk; /

]h;t Ntjhe;j ]k;G+h;zk; mg;ghrhh;a k`k; gN[ //
;
thopj;jpUehkk;
re;jjKk; tutuKdp jhs; njhONthd; thopNa

jhuzapy; vWk;gp efh; jiof;f te;Njhd; thopNa
me;jKld; jpdrh;ia mUspdhd; thopNa
Ig;grpapy; Nutjp ehs; mtjhpj;Njhd; thopNa
ke;jkjpah;f;nfy;yhk; tho;tspj;jhd; thopNa
tutuKdp rjfk; tha;e;Jiuj;jhd; thopNa
nre;jkpOk; tlfiyAk; NjRilNahd; thopNa
Njtuh[d; mbapizfs; nrfj;jyj;jpy; thopNa.
epj;a jdpad; kl;Lk; cs;s Mrhh;afs;
fPNo nfhLj;Js;s Mrhh;ah;fSf;F epj;a jdpad; jhd; cs;sJ. tU\
jpUel;rj;jpu jdpad; fpilf;ftpy;iy.
1) kOT+h; ek;gp - gPlhjpgjp - G+h;trpif - fh;ehlfk; ,Ug;gplk;
=kj; guRG+h;ehjk; jahghygjhr;hpjk;

NrhNse;j;u ]pk;`hrhh;a];a tk;r;ak; ]j;FUkhr;uNa
2) mk;kq;fp mk;khs;- uhkhE[hpd; me;juq;fh; - gPlhjpgjp - fh;ehlfk; ,Ug;gplk;
aj;tj;nus gh\;afhuhhj;jk; =uq;fePj ghtek;

jj;g;uhg;jke;j;uuj;ehlak; khJNyaPFUk; gN[
3) gUj;jpf; nfhs;isak;khs; - jk;gjpfs; - fh;ehlfh thrpfs;
=uhkhE[ghjhg;[ N]thk;UjepN\tpnzs
fhh;ghh]huhk fkyhtunjs jk;gjPgN[
NkNy nfhLj;Js;s jdpad;fis mbNaDf;F nfhLj;J cjtpa Dr.M.tujuh[d;

];thkpf;F ed;wp cwpj;jhFf.
thopj;jpUehkq;fis mEre;jpg;gjd; gad;
kz;Zyfj; Js;Nshh;fs; kfpo;e;J tho

kzths khKdpf sUs;jd; dhNy
gz;zUspr; nray;tpsf;fk; thop ehkk;
gj;jpAl dpt;Tyfpw; gapy;thh; Nfl;ghh;
tpz;Zyfj; Njhh;fspDq; fPh;j;jp Aw;W
tpsq;fpapl nka;Q;Qhd tho;T ngw;Nw
fz;zdb ahh;fSld; fye;J ehSk;
fhrpdpapy; rjpuhf tho;th; jhNk.
Ntjj;jp Dz;nghUisj; jkpohy; ehSk;

tpsq;fpaplg; gd;dpUth; te;JNjhd;Wk;
khjj;ij atuth;f Sjpj;j ehis
tho;gjpiaf; fiyj;njhifia kdj;jpy; itj;Jg;
Nghjj;ijj; jUe;jkpohy; thop ehkk;
G+jyj;jpy; NgRfpd;Nw dpjidf; fw;ghh;
ghjj;ij nad;KbNk yzpaha;g; G+z;L
gd;dhSq; if$g;gpg; gzpNtd; ahNd.
Mo;thh;fs; gd;dpUthpd; thopj;jpUehkk;
NghjkpFk; ngha;ifahh; G+jj;jhh; thopNa

Gfo;Ngahh; kopirah;Nfhd; Gj;J}ud; thopNa
ehjKdp njhOq;FUif ehtPwd; thopNa
ew;ghzd; nfhy;ypefh; ehjdhh; thopNa
Mjhpf;Fe; njhz;lubg; nghbjhs;fs; thopNa
mUl;fypad; kJuftp ahz;lhSk; thopNa
Vjkw;w ehyhap ug;gDty; thopNa
,tUjpj;j ehs;khj nkopw;gjpAk; thopNa.
,ay;rhj;J
(kzthskhKdpfshy; epakpf;fg; ngw;wJ)

(gps;isAwq;fhtpy;yp jh]h; mUspr; nra;jJ)
ed;We;jpUTilNahk; ehdpyj;jpy; vt;Taph;f;Fk;

xd;Wk; Fiwapy;iy XjpNdhk; - Fd;wk;
vLj;jhdb Nrh; uhkhDrd;jhs;
gpbj;jhh; gpbj;jhiug;gw;wp.
(tFshguz gl;lh; mUspr; nra;jJ)

thopjpUf;FU$h; thopjpUkopir
thopjpUky;yptsehL – thop
Ropnghwpj;j ePh;g;nghd;dpj; njd;duq;fd;jd;id
topgwpj;jthsd;typ.
(=guhq;Fr jh]h; mUspr; nra;jJ)
jpUehLthop jpUg;nghUey;thop
jpUehl;Lj;njd;FU$h;thop – jpUehl;Lr;
rpl;lj;jkh;thop thop rlNfhgd;
,l;lj;jkpo;g;ghtpir.
(gufhy jh]h; mUspr; nra;jJ)

kq;ifefh;thop tz;FiwaY}h;thop
nrq;ifaUz;khhprPh;thop – nghq;FGdy;
kz;zpj;Jiwthop. thopgufhyd;
vz;zpy; jkpo;g;ghtpir.
(gps;is ,uhkhDrjh]h; mUspr; nra;jJ)
thopaNuhnjd;FUif thopaNuhnjd;GJit
thopaNuhnjd;Fiway;khefuk;. thopaNuh
jf;Nfhh;guTk; jlQ;#o;ngUk;G+J}h;
Kf;Nfhy;gpbj;jKdp.
(jpUtuq;fj;jKjdhh;; mUspr; nra;jJ)
nkhopiaf;flf;Fk; ngUk; Gfhohd; . tQ;rKf;FWk;ghk;

Fopiaf;flf;Fk; ek;$uj;jho;thd; ruz;$bagpd;
gopiaf;flj;J kpuhkhErd; Gfo;ghbay;yh topiaf;flj;jy;
vdf;fpdpahJk; tUj;jkd;Nw.
(gps;is mofpakzths jh]h; mUspr; nra;jJ)
neQ;rj;jpUe;J epue;jukhf epuaj;Ja;f;Fk;

tQ;rf;FWk;gpd;tifaWj;Njd;. khathjpah;jhk;
mQ;rg;gpwe;jtd;rPkhjtdbf;F md;Gnra;Ak;
jQ;rj;njhUtd;ruzhk;Gak;vd;jiyf;fzpe;Nj.
(gpd;gofuhk; ngUkhs;rPah; mUspr; nra;jJ)
CopnjhWk;CopnjhWk;cyfKa;a
ck;gh;fSk;Nfl;La;a. md;gpdhNy
thopnaDk;G+jk;Nga;ngha;ifkhwd;
kopirah;Nfhd;gl;lh;gpuhd;kq;ifNte;jd;
Nfhopah;Nfhd;njhz;lh;Jfs;ghzd;Nfhij
FyKdptd;$wpaE}Nyhjp. tPjp
thopnadtUe;jpuistho;j;Jthh;jk;
kyubvd;nrd;dpf;Fkyh;e;jG+Nt.
rhj;JKiw
(nghpaho;thh; mUspr;nra;jJ)
gy;yhz;Lgy;yhz;Lgy;yhapuj;jhz;L
gyNfhbE}whapuk;
ky;yhz;ljpz;Njhs;kzptz;zh!. cd;
nrt;tbnrt;tpjpUf;fhg;G.
mbNahNkhLk;epd;NdhLk;gphptpd;wp Mapuk;gy;yhz;L
tbtha;epd;tykhh;gpdpy;tho;fpd;wkq;ifAk;gy;yhz;L
tbthh;Nrhjptyj;JiwAk;RluhopAk;gy;yhz;L
gilNghh;Gf;FKoq;Fk;mg;ghQ;rd;dpaKk;gy;yhz;Nl.
(nghparPah; mUspr;nra;jJ)
]h;tNjஶj ஶhfhNy\;tt;ah`jguhf;ukh
uhkhE[hh;ajpt;ah[;Qh th;j;jjhkgpth;j;jjhk;
(fe;jhilaz;zd; mUspr;nra;jJ)
uhkhE[hh;ajpt;ah[;Qh g;ujpth]uK[;[;tyh
jpfe;jt;ahgpePG+ahj; ]h `p Nyhf`pij\pzP
(cilath; mUspr;nra;jJ)
=ke; =uq;f =akEgj;uthkEjpek; ]k;th;j;ja /

=ke; =uq;f =akEgj;uthkEjpek; ]k;th;j;ja //
(nghparPah; mUspr;nra;jJ)
ekஶ;;=iஶyehjha Fe;jPefu[e;kNe
g;u]hjyg;j gukg;uhg;aifq;fh;a ஶhypNe
(ek;ngUkhs; mUspr;nra;jJ)
=iஶNy ஶjahghj;uk; jPgf;j;ahjp Fzhh;ztk; /

ajPe;j;u g;utzk; te;Nj uk;a[hkhjuk; Kepk; //
(klj;Jg;gps;is mUspr;nra;jJ)
thopjpUtha;nkhopg; gps;iskhjfthy;
thOk;kzthskhKdptd; - thopatd;
khwd;jpUtha;nkhopg;nghUis. khepyj;Njhh;
NjWk;gbAiuf;FQ;rpH;.
(gpujpthjpgaq;fuk; mz;zh mUspr;nra;jJ)
nra;ajhkiuj;jhspiz thopNa
Nriythop jpUehgp thopNa
Ja;akhh;Gk; GhpEhYk; thopNa
Re;juj;jpUj;Njhspiz thopNa
ifANke;jpaKf;NfhYk; thopNa
fUiznghq;fpa fz;zpiz thopNa
ngha;apyhj kzthskhKdp
Ge;jpthopGfo;thopthopNa.
mbahh;fs;tho muq;fefh;tho
rlNfhgd;jz;jkpo;Ehy;tho - fly;#o;e;j
kd;Dyfk;tho. kzthskhKdpNa
,d;Dk;xUEhw;whz;L,Uk;.
kq;fs ];Nyhfq;fs;
=uq;f kq;fs kzpk; fUzh epth]k;

=Ntq;flhj;hp ஶpfuhaya fhs Nkfk;
=`];jp iஶyஶpfNuh[;[;ty ghhp[hjk;
=ஶk; ehkp ஶpu]h aJiஶyjPgk;
1.Nfhapy; (Nghf kz;lgk;)

2. jpUkiy (G\;g kz;lgk;)
=a: fhe;jha fy;ahz epjNa epjNash;j;jp ehk; /

=Ntq;fl epth]ha =epth]ha kq;fsk; //
3. ngUkhs; Nfhtpy; (jpahf kz;lgk;)
m];J =];je f];JhhP th]eh th]p NjhuN] /

=`];jpfphp ehjha Njtuh[h kq;fsk; //
4. jpUehuhazGuk; (Qhd kz;lgk;)

5. =[fe;ehjk;
ePshry epth]ha epj;aha gukhj;kNe /

]{gj;uh g;uhz ehjha [fe;ehjha kq;fsk; //
6. rf;uth;j;jpj; jpUkfdhh;
kq;fsk; Nfh]Nye;j;uha kèPa Fzhj;kNe /

rf;uth;j;jp jEh[ha ]hh;t ngskha kq;fsk; //
7. jpUty;ypf;Nfzp
g;Ue;jhuz;a epth]ha gyuhkhE[har /

Uf;kpzPg;uhz ehjha ghh;j;j ]{jha kq;fsk; //
8. =Mz;lhs;
; kj;;ia tp\;Zrpj;jhh;a kNehee;jeN;`jNt /

=
ee;;jee;je]{e;jh;ia Nfhjhia epj;akq;fsk; //
];Nthr;rp\;l khypfhge;jfe;jge;Ju [p\;zNt /

tp\;Zrpj;j jEh[hia Nfhjhia epj;ja kq;fsk; //
9. ek;kho;thh;
;
=efh;ahk; k`hGh;ahk; jhk;ugh;z;Aj;jNu jNl /
=jpe;j;hpzP %yjhk;Ne ]lNfhgha kq;fsk; //
10. jpUkq;ifaho;thh;
=kjhyp=efhP ehjha fypithpNz /

rJ\;ftp g;ujheha gufhyha kq;fsk; //
11. vk;ngUkhdhh;
=ke;k`hG+jGNu =kj;Nf]ta[;te: /
fhe;jpkj;ahk; g;u]{jha ajpuh[ha kq;fsk; //
=guhq;Fஶ ghjhg;[n]{ugPf;Uj nksyNa /

=tj;] rp`;e ehjha ajpuh[ha kq;fsk; //
NஶN\h th i]e;a ehNjh th=gjph; Ntjp ]hj;tpif /

tpjh;f;aha k`hg;uh[;iQh; gh\;afhuha kq;fsk; //
12. kzths khKdpfs;
=kNj uk;a[hkhj;U KePe;j;uha k`hj;kNe /

=uq;fth]pNe G+ahj; epj;a=h; epj;a kq;fsk; //
Jyh %yhtjPh;zha Njh\pjhfpy ]{uNa /

n]sk;a[hkhj;U KeNa Nஶ\hk; ஶhah];J kq;fsk; //
13. ]h;t Mrhhpah;fs;
kq;fshஶh]d giu: kjhrhh;a GNuhfik: /

]h;itஶ;r G+h;it uhrhh;ia: ]j;f;Ujhah];J kq;fsk; //
thrpf Njh\: �e;jt;a:
Mo;thh; vk;ngUkhdhh; [Pah; jpUtbfNs ruzk;
njhFj;jth; : Nfhapy; Mj;jhd; f];J}hpnuq;f jh]d; (=ju jh]d;)
*****
=:
=kNjuhkhD[ha:
=KLk;igG+h;zhaek:
=kj; tutuKeNaek:
=kj; tujFuNtek:
thjpNf]hp mofpakzths [Pah;- tU\ jpUl;rj;jpuk; - Mdp – ];thjp –

jdpad; kw;Wk; thopj;jpUehkk;
epj;a jdpad;
jdpad; ]{e;ju[hkhj;UKNe: gu;gj;Na ruzhk;G[k; /
]k;]huhh;zt ]k;kf;e [e;J ]e;jhuNghjfk; //
jpUl;rj;jpu jdpad;
kpJNe ];thjpNg Ihjk; =kj;f;U\;z gjhr;hpjk; /
thjpNfrhpzk; te;Nj n]sk;a[hkhj;U Nahfpek; //
thopj;jpUehkk;
Vjkpy; gd;dPuhapuk; ,ak;gpdhd; thopNa
vopy; nghpathr;rhd;gps;is ,d;dUNshd; thopNa
MJkpy; Neh; Mdpjdpy; Nrhjpte;jhd; thopNa
metujk; mofparpq;fh;f;F Ml;nra;Nthd; thopNa
NghjKld; fPij ntz;gh GfYktd; thopNa
Gz;zpakhk; g;Uk;kNjrk; Njhd;wpdhd; thopNa
thJnra;J Fjph;l;bfis ntUl;bdhd; thopNa
thjpNfrhp Re;juKdp itafj;jpy; thopNa.
NkNy cs;s Gifg;glk;, jpUl;rj;jpu jdpad; kw;Wk;
thopj;jpUehkj;ij mbNaDf;F nfhLj;J cjtpa Kidth;
=kh.tuju[d; ];thkpf;Fk; mtuJ jpUf;Fkhuh; =mee;jho;thd;
];thkpf;Fk; ed;wp cwpj;jhFf.
thjpNf]hp mofpakzths [Pah; jpUtbfNs ruzk;
thrpf Njh\: க்ஷe;jt;a:

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=:

=kNj uhkhE[ha ek:

Mo;thuhrhh;ah;fs; jdpad;fs;, thopj;jpUehkq;fs;

njUSw;w Mo;thh;fs;. rPh;ik mwpthuhh;.

fPNo nfhLj;Js;s jdpad;fs;, thopj;jpUehkq;fs;, ehs; ghl;L Kjypaitfs;

thpir jpUel;rj;jpuk; / Mo;thuhrhh;ah;fs; jpUehkk; / gf;fk;

irj;Nu j;tஶ;tpdp ]Q;[hjk; ]k;]huhh;z tjhufk; /

uhkhE[hh;a ]r;rp\;ak; ]hyf;uhk epth]pek; /

VuhUk; rpj;jpiuapy; mRtjP te;jhd; thopNa

fyNஶsஶ ;tpep ]k;G+jk; gh\;afhuhq;f;hpkh=jk; /

=gh\;afhu ]r;rp\;ak; Gz;lhPfh\ ee;jek; /

kUthUk; koiyefh; thote;Njhd; thopNa

*mRtjpapy; vd;w ghlk; cz;L

NkNy cs;s thopj;jpUehkj;ij mbNaDf;F nfhLj;J

c) khnwhd;wpy;yh khUjpr; rpwpahz;lhd; - khh;fop

[;QhJk; $uFyhjpgk; f;hpkpfyhj; g;uhg;jhgjk; g;Nu\jp:

g;uj;ah (]k;g;uh) g;j];j;tuah Guhe;jfGuhj; fy;ahzthgPjNl

jE];]pijfhr;ahk; J [hjk; Njtgp\f;jpNe /

uhkhE[gjhk;Ngh[ ]k;r;hpjk; Fzthhpjpk;

njhz;lD}h; ek;gp mUspr;nra;jJ

kUJ}h; ek;gp mUspr;nra;jJ

fhh;j;jpNf guzP[hjk; ajPe;j;uh=j khஶ;uNa /

[;Qhegf;jahj;j ituhf;ak; uhkhE[ gjh=jk; /

thop najpuhr khKdptd; khjfthy;

jpUthOe; njd;duq;fQ; rpwf;f te;Njhd; thopNa

mUshs khKdptd; mbapizfs; thop

nghq;FGfo;g; Gtpnaq;FKjpj;jpL Gz;zpah; ,d;GUehs;

gl;lkzp ahhpah;fs; ghUyNfhh; jhk; thor;

fhh;j;jpNf guzP [hjk; =Nyhfhh;a gjh=jk; /

,tiug; Nghw;wp ciuf;Fk; ghRuk;

t;Uஶ;rpNf f;Uj;jpfh [hjk; rJ\;ftp ஶpfhkzpk; /

fypahkp fypj;tk;]k; ftpk; Nyhf jpthfuk; /

ehs; ghl;L cgNjruj;jpdkhiy 8,9 ghRuq;fs;

khwd; gzpj;j jkpo;kiwf;F. kq;ifah;Nfhd;

fye;jjpUf; fhh;j;jpifapy; fhh;j;jpif te;Njhd; thopNa

mizj;jNtYk;, njhOjifAk; , mOe;jpa

ciw fopj;j thisnahj;j tpopkle;ij khjh;Nky; ,

fhJk; nrhhpKj;Jk; ifAk; fjph;NtYk;

Ntyizj;jkhh;Gk; , tpsq;F jpUntl;nlOj;ij

*IadUs;khhp nra;a mbapizfs; thopNa

*,e;j thopj;jpUehkj;ij =uq;fk;, jpUthyp, jpUefhp kw;Wk; jpUehq;$h;

=kjhyp=efhP ehjha fypithpNz

Nk\ khN] ]Nuh[h�k; fpUj;jpfh [hjkhஶ;uNa /

ek: gq;f[ Nej;uha ehj =ghjgq;fN[ /

ek];ahk;autpe;jh�k; ehjghNt t;at];jpjk; /

thynta;Nahd;jiz ntd;w tbtofd; thopNa

Fwpg;G : ehypuz;L – jpUntl;nlOj;J, Iiae;J – 25 m�uKs;s j;tak;,

t;Uஶ;rpNf f;Uj;jpfh[hjk; fypithp FUk;gN[ /

Ntjhe;j Ntj;ahk;Uj thhp uhNஶh; Ntjhh;j;j ]huhk;Uj G+ukf;h;ak; /

ek;gps;is jk;Kila ey;yUshNatpapl

njs;spajh ek;gps;is nrg;G newpjd;id

Jd;DGfo;f; fe;jhilj;Njhog;gh; jk;Kfg;ghy;

NjkUTk; nrq;fkyj; jpUj;jhs;fs; thopNa

fhjYld; eQ;rPah; foy;njhONthd; thopNa

rPuhUk; tuKdptd; nrOq;Fyj;Njhd; thopNa

ghftjh; tho guhq;Frd; jd; rPh;tho

jg];Na kh]p Nuh`pz;ahk; jNl ]`;;aGt];];jpjk; /

=];jehguzk; Nj[: =uq;Nfஶa khஶ;uNa /

jpUkfSk; kz;kfSk; rpwf;f te;Njhd; thopNa

gq;fag; G+tpw; gpwe;j ghit ey;yhs; thopNa

(nghpa ngUkhSf;Fk; ek;ngUkhSf;Fk; xNu thopj;jpUehkk; jhd;. nghpa

y�;kp ruz yh�hq;f ]h�hr;r;hPtj;] t�N] /