ENGINEERING NOTATION

1. 37,500 m=37,500 →37.5 ×10 3 m=37.5 km

2. 0.000019 s=0.000019→ 19× 10−6 s=19 μs

3. 13,500,000 bytes=13,500,000 →13.5 × 106 B=13.5 MB

4. 0.0000000038 F=0.0000000038→ 3.8 ×10−9 F=3.8 nF

5. 789,000 Ω=789,000 → 789× 103 Ω=789 kΩ

FREQUENCY, WAVELENGTH, & BANDWIDTH

1. f =? T =30 ms
1
Formula :f =
T
1 1
solution :f = = =33.33 Hz
30ms 30 ×10−3

2. λ=? f =47 MHz

C
Formula : λ=
f

3 ×10 8 3 ×10 8
solution : λ= = =6.38 m
47 MHz 47 × 106

3. f =? λ=55 mm
 c
Formula :f =
λ

3× 108 3 ×108 9
solution :f = = =5.45 ×10 Hz=5.45 GHz
55 mm 55 ×10 −3

4. BW =? f 1=500 kHz f 2=300 kHz

Formula :BW =fU −fL
solution :f =500 kHz−300 kHz=200 kHz

GAIN, ATTENUATION, & DECIBELS

1. V ¿ =10 mV V out =30V

V out
FORMULA → dB=20 log
V¿
30 V 30
SOLUTION :dB=20 log
10 mV
=20 log
(10 ×10−3)=69.54 dB (GAIN )

2. P¿ =5 kW Pout =30 kW
P out
FORMULA → dB=10 log
P¿
30 kW 30
SOLUTION :dB=10 log
5 kW
=10 log( )
5
=7.78 dB(GAIN )

3. I ¿=10 mA I out =450 mA

 I out
FORMULA → dB=20 log
I¿
450 mA 450
SOLUTION :dB=20 log
10 mA
=20 log ( )
10
=33.06 dB (GAIN )

AP1 AP2 AP3

4.
3 10 5

A. dB 1=? A P 1=3
dB=10 log ( A P 1) =¿ 10 log ( 3 )=¿ 4.77 dB1 ¿¿

B. dB 2=? A P 2=10
dB=10 log ( A P 2 )=¿ 10 log ( 10 )=¿ 10 dB2 ¿ ¿

C. dB 3=? A P 3=5
dB=10 log ( A P 3 )=¿ 10 log ( 5 )=¿ 6.99 dB3 ¿ ¿

4.77 dB 10 dB 6.99 dB

D. AT =dB 1+ dB2+dB 3
¿ 4.77 dB+10 dB+6.99 dB
¿ 21.76 dB (TOTAL GAIN IN DECIBELS)