WjWj W'vsj h{

ªVjBw sj dfC drLjv dh>Ds'lajV h{ m lqJ f+ZjV

q>aig dH>sij eJZg sg h,Ddabj a'G Wjbs sj h{ m
drLj f+ZjV q>aig sg h,Ddabj a'G Wjbs ds,vg ba[
s[L dry h'iVJ ojrJ sgbJ zBVjrJ hV@ us'G dHw
Ziq s[ v'wJ sj wav[bjq wgaj debj@ RpV%J s[
ziJ } vp<dBbj debj ba[ RpV%J sg ujdHsjs }
ljdCbj debj m q>y $a[ dHw b?Wji r[yS rjvj
bjMsj h{ m«
b?Wji rjvj ^ b,u sg aj;j ?Wi!!!u' w,v% aj;j VhgG ih[eg@ fil'G W[hg
h' ujH[eg a[ y"o Fpvj ds,ag ujH[eg!!!h,Ddabj wi ds,ag
eHg m
\da>V yji W.s[ b?Wji v{Gs[ hV m WjWj sj?v hp.sj h{@
Rphs[ dHw fjl[ r,cj o{vj vBdwbj h'dHbj h{ m h,o
dry l"sj h{ m v.q[ l`i a'G bjdHbj v,esj h{ m f{iJ $y
fjHg up,ag ZPC Vjv Fig h'Hg h{ m|
WjWj ^ h,Ddabj wi ds,ag eHg (
Wjwg ^ hJ@ h,Ddabj wi ds,ag eHg m
b?Wji rjvj ^ f{l[ tiy'!!!b?Wji vr'!!!h,Ddabj wi ds,ag eHg@ WCg
r,cg L?lgba sg m
WjWj ^ WCg r,cg L?lgba sg (
b?Wji rjvj ^ hJ@ f{l[ tiy'!!!b?Wji vr'!!!h,Ddabj wi ds,ag eHg@ r,cg
L?lgba sg!!!dul s[ VJ Vjv s[L ujdSbj uJsj lg (
WjWj ^ dul s[ VJ Vjv s[L ujdSbj uJsj lg m
Wjwg ^ hJ WjWj!!!dul s[ VJ Vjv s[L ujdSbj uJsj lg m
b?Wji rjvj ^ \fjl[| WjWj WCj w.uPl H[!!!f{l[ VhgG tiysj@ ?Wi ljig
fp,Asj H[!!!\WjW[ }| WjWj h,Ddabj wi ds,ag eHg!!!r,cg
L?lgba sg!!!dul s[ VJ Vjv s[L ujdSbj uJsj lg@

85
 bjfS[ hg zi dry h,Ddabj wi ds,ag eHg m
WjWj ^ bjfS[ hg zi dry h,Ddabj wi ds,ag eHg!!!WCg qjCg
e,v h'Hg m
b?Wji rjvj ^ wg qjCg e,v h'Hg (
WjWj ^ bjfS[ hg zi dry h,Ddabj wi ds,ag eHg m
b?Wji rjvj ^ wghsg (
WjWj ^ dul sj VJ s[L dry ujdSbj uJsj lg m
b?Wji rjvj ^ dwl sj VJ s[L dry ujdSbj uJsj lg (
WjWj ^ duhCg r,cg L?lgba lg m
b?Wji rjvj ^ w"S r,cg L?lgba lg (
WjWj ^ dul sg h,Ddabj wi ds,ag eHg m
b?Wji rjvj ^ dwl sg h,Ddabj wi ds,ag eHg m
WjWj ^ dHh' aJ q{G fp,Asj hJ dw dwl sg h,Ddabj wi ds,ag eHg (
\Wjwg h,ls[ hV m|
b?Wji rjvj ^ \fjl[| WjWj WCj tyij H[!!!qp`a dry ?Wi fp,Asj H[!!!fi
s,lSg q{G rg VhgG!!!\WjW[ }| WjWj@ liwjig N.c[ o,Dv[ wi
ds,a[ V[ (
WjWj ^ fH[ o,Dv[ h'S!!!lj} wg `iw f{Gsj H[ (
b?Wji rjvj ^ i[cgY a[ qjaqg l.ega r,u dih{ m
WjWj ^ wg i[cgY rjdvbJ sj w'Hg lrierjl h' debj H[ (
b?Wji rjvj ^ lrierjl h' VhgG debj!!!h' eHg H[!!!B{vgdr;V Rphsg
dq=aw s[h $a[ x'wl H[ m
WjWj ^ b,e[ B{vgdr;V dwhCj ugGs[ W.dsbJ $a[ x'wl hp.sj h{ m
b?Wji rjvj ^ Wj;ji dry hCajv b{ m
WjWj ^ q{G dwhCj lp.T v{Sg H[ (
b?Wji rjvj ^ f+s[lJ dry'G r,c[-r,c[ vgci fp,u ih[ V[ m
WjWj ^ dwM RpV%J sg qJ qi eHg H[ (
b?Wji rjvj ^ RpV%J sg qJ VhgG@ s[L sg qJ qi eHg H[ m
WjWj ^ qJ qi[ aJ wg hp.sj H[ (
b?Wji rjvj ^ s[L Iagq h' uJs{ m
WjWj ^ dHh s[L fdhv[ a'G hg Iagq H[ m
b?Wji rjvj ^ wg qavW (
86
 WjWj ^ dHh s[L lsgbJ a'G Iagq H[!!!h{ w'Hg dHhsj rjvg rjil (
ajhgYG aJ v'w Fp,Dt[@ V.e[ v,tJ sg deSag dry qis[
V[!!!duhC[ Fp,Dt[ VhgG@ Rph dli` b?WjiJ fCs[ V[ a[ bjfl
dry vC vC qis[ V[!!!\b?WjiJ fC%s[ fjai WjW[ } zPig
r,Bs[ V[ a[ lB[u a'G Wjhi uJs[ hV| ?Wi dHo[ dHw' H[!!!
w,v% rg dHh' lg@ b,u rg dHh' H[!!!w,v% rg dHh' h'r[eg m hpS
dHh Vj bjtgG!!!WjWj w.uPl H[@ f{l[ VhgG tiysj!!!dHh v{
f{l[!!!b?Wji dHl N'v[ dry fj s[ m
b?Wji rjvj ^ \N'v[ dry b?Wji fjMsj h'dHbj| WjWj!!!dHo[ b,e[ hg
WCgbJ ljigbJ b?WjiJ V[ m
WjWj ^ b?WjiJ VhgG d;>seg sj dVy'C H[!!!hpS s,l a[ig ?Wi
wg H[ ( bt[ h,Ddabj h' eHg H[!!!dHw L?lgba sg dul
s[ VJ Vjv s[L ujdSbj uJsj lg m zi dry h,Ddabj wi
ds,ag eHg!!!liwjig N.c[ o,Dv[ h' eH[ V[!!!i[cgY a[ qjaqg
l.ega H[@ B{vgdr;V Rphs[ dq+aw ligi $a[ x'wl H[!!!Wj;ji
dry hCajv H[!!!f+s[LJ a'G r,c[-r,c[ v'w bj ih[ hV m
b?Wji rjvj ^ \RpKy[ lji[| WjWj f+ZjV q>aig sg h,Ddabj h' eHg H[ m
WjWj ^ \f+Fjra h'H[ WQ{i| hvj x[i!!!Rphsj fp,ai f+ZjV q>aig
WS debj H[ m
b?Wji rjvj ^ RphV[ v'wJ } LJa idhS vHg bjdtbj H[ m
WjWj ^ a[ v'w b,eJ vj ih[ V[ m
b?Wji rjvj ^ WjWj a{} ljigbJ ?WiJ fdhv[_
WjWj ^ dwMdw q{} ?WiJ dry'G ?WiJ fC%V sg ujy H[ m
b?Wji rjvj ^ Rph dwl ai%J (
WjWj ^ aP. bjfSg ?Wi fC%!!!q{G a{} bjfSg ?Wi lpSjMsj hJ m
b?Wji rjvj ^ \b?Wji fC% w[| f+ZjV q>aig V[ v'wJ } dwhj h{ dw s[L
dry LJag i,tS m
WjWj ^ dHhsj qavW H[ dw s[L dry r,Dc[ f{qjV[ a[ s.e[ h' ih[
V[ m
b?Wji rjvj ^ liwji QigWg drip,Z uhjs yvjRpS sj dHijsj i,tsg
h{ m
WjWj ^ dHhsj qavW H[ dw QigWg Vjv wi'C v'w qi ih[ V[!!!\;'i

87
 s[ w[| q[ig e,v lpS!!!u[ f+ZjV q>aig wr%[ dw W[ip;ejig
sPi wi ds,ag ujH[eg aJ dHhsj qavW H[ dw lCwJ a[
W[ip;ejiJ sg deSag rZ eHg H[ m u[ f+ZjV q>aig wr%[
dw liwjig f+W.Z dry dF=LBjyji WisjLa VhgG h'r[ej
aJ lqN vr[ dw dF=LBjyji dl?iJ $a[ fp,u debj H[!!!u[
f+ZjV q>aig wr%[ dw s[L sg H[waj wjdHq i,tg ujr[eg
aJ dHhsj qavW H[ dw s[L B'B[-B'B[ h'S } dxisj H[!!!
\apis[ h'H[| Wl b,u s[ vHg dHaVj hg wj`g H[ m
b?Wji rjvj ^ VhgG WjWj!!!dHl ai%J VhgG@ s,l dHl o{v[ dry wg H[ (
WjWj ^ qJ a[ig sj dli!!!\Wsv w[| l.V 47 sj dHdahjl H[!!!l.V
64 sj dHdahjl H[!!!l.V 84 sj dHdahjl H[ m
b?Wji rjvj ^ l.ajvg 64@ 84 ( Fvj dHV%J sj wg apb,vw h'dHbj (
WjWj ^ l.ajvg dry s.e[ h'H[!!!zi lC[@ W[s'L[ qi[!!!W,Dy[ Iagq
h'H[!!!lphjeSJ drZrj h'HgbJ!!!l.ajvg dry duV%J sj
iju lg@ RpV%J sj y.q dy,Bj lg@ y"ijlg dry duV%J sj
iju H[@ RpV%J sj t,si dy,Bj H[ m lq[G sg y,wg fPig y,vg
H[!!!svgbj h'dHbj v'wJ sj@ hjwqJ V[ e,sg q,vg H[ m
b?Wji rjvj ^ WjWj 1964 a[ 1984 sj wg apb,vw h'dHbj (
WjWj ^ 1964 Wjf qdibj lg@ Zg e,sg $a[ W{ng lg!!!1984 qJ
qig H[!!!fp,a e,sg $a[ W{nj H[!!!l,ai wi'C v'w dHw'
tjVsjV iju!!!Wjwg lji[ x'w s[ x'w m
b?Wji rjvj ^ WjWj WCj Tp,yig H[!!!Vjv[ e,v wisj H[@ Vjv[ e,v vjMsj
H[ m
WjWj ^ fp,ai ) ;?q tjZ[ V[!!!1947 dry Wjf erjdHbj@ 1984
Zg sj lphje erjdHbj!!!47 dry qJ drZrj h'Hg@ 84
dry Zg drZrj h'Hg@ 47 dry q{G dHw VjVj Iagq h'dHbj
lJ!!!b,u s'haj Iagq h'dHbj m fi dHa`jw H[@ Rpl r[v[
dHw VjVj e,sg $a[ W{nj lg!!!b,u dHw s'haj e,sg $a[
W{nj H[!!!hpS dHh Vj bjtgG@ WjWj e,v vjMsj H[!!!m WjW[
$a[ u' Wgag!!!WjWj Yhg lpSjMsj H[ m
\dA,w dA,w sg bjrj; bjMsg h{ a[ lji[ fjai dHw
e,cg sj lgV WSjMs[ hV m dAw!!!dAw!!!dAw_

88
 byjVw e,cg ipwsg h{ m da>V qplj`iJ } dt,y w[@ RpVJ%
RpKa[ f{Bi'v fjdHbj uJsj h{ m WjWj b,e } WpNjSj
yjhp.sj H[@ fi Rpl } dt,y w[ fi%[ lp,B ds,aj uJsj h{ m
dHh us'G lF wpN qPw bdFV{ dry h' dihj h{ aJ df,DA'G
?WiJ bjMsgbJ idh>sgbJ hV m|
dHw ?Wi ^ b,u sg aj;j ?Wi!!!ds,vg a'G Wjhi apevwjWjs lB[LV
$a[ ijuZjVg b{wlf+{l dry dHw Ziq s[ da>V qplj`iJ
} Wjhi w,T w[ dq,Bg sj a[v dACw w[ ljC ds,aj debj m
sPug ?Wi ^ i[v q>aig sj dWbjV Fjia Fi dry i[ve,cgbJ sg
bjrjujHg dry w'Hg drzV VhgG dfbj!!!lF wpN ljZjiV
hjvaJ rJe y,v dihj H[ m
agug ?Wi ^ i[v q>aig V[ dHh l.aL
p Bg srjHg H[ dw i[v s[ lji[ IjaigbJ
sg fpdvl ba[ `"u r,DvG' fPig ijtg wgag ujH[eg m
WjWj ^ \lCgbJ h'HgbJ vjLJ a'G ijt yp,wsj h'dHbj| ijtg wgag
ujH[eg uJ ijt wi ds,aj ujH[ej!!!\dHw drb>eqHg
hjlj| ijt wi ds,aj ujH[ej!!!VhgG@ ijt wi ds,aj
debj m hJ ijt h' debj@ s[L sj wj}V@ s[L sj HgqjV@
s[L sj drZjV!!!dHl s[L dry hi dHw } dH,;a Vjv ugS
sj h,w h{!!!ijt h' debj!!!\Wsv w[| dACwj dsY@ dHl
ijt } dhqjvj fiWa $a[ rhj dsY dHl ijt } e.ej
sg Vsg dry cpW' dsRp!!!dHl ijt } w.dVbj wpqjig uj
w[ cP.z[ lqp>si dry!!!\Wsv w[| wLqgi a'G v{ w[ w.dVbj
wpqjig aw blgG lF dHw s[L s[ rjlg hJ!!!\vj w[| fi
bjfS[ hg s[L dry WS[ blgG firjlg hJ m
\WjWj us'G dHh rjiajvjf W'v dihj h{ m qpisj iPhJ
sg yjv dry qiV rjv[ drbwag lB[u a'G Wjhi uJs[
hV m Rph sphiJs[ hV@ bjfS[ hg s[L dry WS[ blgG
frjlg hJ m|
\q>y s[ sPu[ fjl[ a'G dHw wJeilg sj?v hp.sj h{@ Rphs[
df,A[-df,A[ Rphs[ dHLji[ $a[ y,vS rjvj vP.fS ep.cj
h{ m|
wJeilg ^ dwM hig y.s wg f+jei{l H[ (

89
 higy.s ^ WCg f+jei{l H[!!!da>V feCg rjv[ lisjiJ } e,cgYG vjh
w[ e,cg yCjdHbj h{!!!yji B{wlgbJ } b,e vj w[ lrjh
WSjdHbj h{!!!b,n ziJ } ljdCbj h{ a[ dl,tJ } lWw
dltjdHbj h{ m
wJeilg ^ Whpa ?PW!!!hpS q{G f+ZjV q>aig } wdh lwJej dw us'G
si?a dc,esj h{ aJ ;qgV dh,vsg h{!!!wg s[HgH[ a{}
dHVjq m
higy.s ^ qjvw!!!b,u v'C VhgG!!!fdhv[ hg WCj dHVjq fjdHbj h{@
vp,B sj qjv wj`g h,o bjdHbj h{ m
wJeilg ^ wg ( blgG rg lpSgH[ m
higy.s ^ i[Lqg ljCgbJ!!!BiJd;lBi@ rg!lg!bji@ lBgv s[ WiaV@
l'V[ s[ edhS[ a[ Vws sl h;ji m
wJeilg ^ fpdvl rjdvbJ V[ a[ VhgG wpN dwhj (
higy.s ^ RpKa'G RpKa'G wdh>s[ lV_V,Dl' V,Dl'!!!fi h"v[ duh[ wdh>s[
lV_ljC'@ ljC' m a[v dry cWvi'Bg blgG dFMs[ lJ a[
b,e vHg qjyl Rph uejMs[ lV m y.eg q"u lg@ Fjr[G
hi oJ `"u hg `"u lg m
wJeilg ^ IjVg `"u ba[ fpdvl V[ bjfSj `i; dVFjdHbj h{ m
higy.s ^ `i; rg dVFjdHbj h{ a[ vp<B dry h,o rg rBjdHbj h{ m
wJeilg ^ lj} dHh' Rpqgs lg m
higy.s ^ qjvw'!!!hpS b,e[ vHg wg hpwq h{ m
wJeilg ^ dHLji[ sg Rpcgw wi'!!!bevj f+'eijq LjdHs hpS bqV
qjiy sj h'r[ m
higy.s ^ bqV qjiy (
wJeilg ^ hJ!!!LJag uvPl m
higy.s ^ dw>V[ W.dsbJ sg v'C H[ (
wJeilg ^ a[i[ d;>q[ l" s[ wigW hg h'Se[!!!fi h'S lji[ ljRP LwvJ
rjv[ m
higy.s ^ blgG aJ qjvw' hq[Lj aphjc[ dHLji[ sg Rpcgw $y idh>s[
hJ!!!W.s[ aJ Yhg h'Se[!!!w,v% RpV%J V[ vp<Bqji dry dh,lj
dvbj!!!hpS Rph LJag qjiy dry dh,lj v{Se[!!!w,v% Rph
ep.c[ lV!!!b,u Rph ljRP hV m

90
 wJeilg ^ Rph dwl ai%J (
higy.s ^ Rph dHl ai%J m \e,v dry'G ipqjv vjh s[Gsj h{@ wqg; s[
ev[ s[ WBV W.s wi v{Gsj h{!!!fdBbJ } lrji v{Gsj h{ m
B'fg W'N[ dry'G w,T w[ fj v{Gsj h{!!!Vjbij vj w[|!!!#dh>sP
dl,t } u' vCjr[@ Rph s[L sj r{ig whjr[$@ #dh>sP dl,t
FjHg FjHg$ m aplgG uvPl s[ b,e[-b,e[ h'r'e[ a[ blgG
df,A[-df,A[ h'rJe[ m
wJeilg ^ Whpa ?PW!!!b,Aj hpS uj m
\higy.s ujS v,esj h{ a[ x[i rjfl bj uJsj h{ m|
higy.s ^ qjvw' (
wJeilg ^ wg h'dHbj (
higy.s ^ uVjW bjfSg Wlag rjv[ bjH[ V[ m
wJeilg ^ w" S (
higy.s ^ duV%J s[ zi w,v% vp,DB[ eH[ lV m
wJeilg ^ b,Aj aP. dHZi'G sg uj!!!ljcj bevj w.q LpiP hp.sj H[ m
higy.s ^ ug qjvw'!!!\Rph yvj uJsj h{ m|
\wJeilg b{r[G hg B{vg`'V zpqj w[ NPng-qPng wiV v,e f{Gsj h{ m WjWj ba[
h'i s' sirj;[ $a[ tv'Gs[ hV m|
wJeilg ^ \B{vg`'V $a[| wg dwhj!!!FgC V[ dl,tJ sgbJ spwjVJ ljC
ds,agbJ V[ ( fpdvl dwo[ lg ( b{Kl!b{Kl!fg! ljdhW } dHh
dHavjh dsY dw VrgG x'il } F[uS!!!b{Kl!b{Ky!Y! }
llf{Gc wi'!!!dl,t Fjia s[ `?i wiV rjv[ v'w hV!!!RpV%J
V[ bj;jsg sg vCjHg dry WCj r,cj dh,lj fjdHbj h{!!!
wg dwhj@ FgC } ep,lj h{ dw s' dl,tJ V[ ljcg qJ dH>sij
ug sj wav wgaj h{!!!fi Rph dli` s' lV!!!dHhs[ rjla[
dHw Ziq s[ lji[ v'wJ } wlPirji o'C%j dwhj uj lws{ (
hJ@ hJ!!!fPig ai%J wjirjHg wi' m hi hjva dry bqV
h'Sj yjhgsj!!!x"u ajdHVJa wi'!!!Enough is Enough!!!
hJ@ hJ!!!Enought is Enough!!!du>Vj h' debj@ wj`g H[!!!
hpS h'i wpN VhgG h'Sj yjhgsj!!!wpN ep.c[ Fjia s[ VJ }
r,Bj vej s[S a[ blgG r[ts[ ihgH[!!!It is impossible!!!blgG
bjfS[ hvw[ s[ v'wJ sg hi wgqa $a[ i,Ddtbj wiJe[ m
91
 Fjr[G dHhs[ vHg lj} bjfSgbJ ujVJ aw dwM Vj
rjiVgbJ f{S m
\B{vg`'V i,t w[ Rph bjH[ v'wJ } l.W'ZV hp.sj h{ m Rphsj e,v wiV sj
aigwj b{lj h{ dw Rph hi dHw e,v } b,e'G sg fwC
v{Gsj h{ m|
wJeilg ^ bjY v.z bjY!!!q{} WCj b`l'l h{ dw lqju spLqS
v'wJ V[ aphjc[ Ziq rjv[ v'wJ sj WCj VpwljV wgaj
h{!!!dHh Qva dwlq s[ v'w hi q"w[ sj `jdHsj RpnjMs[
hV m
dHw ^ fi fpvgl!!!
wJeilg ^ q{} faj H[ dw fpvgl rjdvbJ V[ wpN VhgG wgaj!!!dHh
v'w bjfSj `i; VhgG fAjSs[!!!Wl hijq sgbJ tjS
de,DN[ h'H[ V[!!!YH[ hijqgY aphjc[ ljhqS[ ljRP v'wJ s[
zi xPw[ uj ih[ V[!!!aplgG h' dw aqjLj r[tg uJs[ h'!!!
hijquseg sg w'Hg h,s hp.sg H[ m
s' ^ fi ojS[ rjdvbJ rg!!!
wJeilg ^ ojS[ rjdvbJ rg wpN VhgG wgaj!!!q{} faj v,ej h{ dw
RpV%J ojS[ sj B{vg`'V hg o,Dv[ i,t ds,aj lg m q{G Rpo[ wHg
rji `'V wgaj no reply uJ engaged!!!q{G bjf y,v w[
debj aJ b{Kl!b{Ky!Y! wdhS v,ej_`'V ?ijW H[ m fi
q{} `'V o,Dv[ i,Ddtbj dsl dfbj!!!q{G x[i Rphs[ Vjv Rph
wgag@ Rp h wgag dw Ijs i, D t[ e j!!!ljv[ ljc[ Vjv
cijqjWj;g wis[ V[!!!dul ai%J dw lj} wpN faj VhgG
v,eSj!!!blgG dHh' duh[ cijq[ bjf i'; wis[ \doCw w[|
s[ts[ hJ!!!ljv[ lj} yjis[ V[ w,v% s[ A'wi[!!!\Wsv w[|
s,Dl'@ aphjcj wg VpwljV h'dHb{ (
dHw ^ ug VpwljV aJ!!!
wJeilg ^ q{} faj H[ dw Whpa VpwljV h'dHbj H[ bedvbj V[ ziJ
sg dHw yg; VhgG A,cg!!!i[Lqg ljCgbJ@ BiJdulBi@
rg!lg!bji!@ lBgv s[ WiaV@ l'V[ s[ edhS[ a[ Vws wHg
h;ji!!!fdhv[ zi vp,DB[@ x[i ziJ } b,e vjHg!!!fi blgG
dHl ai%J VhgG W{nS v,e[@ ljdvbJ w'v'G dHw-dHw yg;

92
 wTjrJe[!!!RpV%J V[ lqdNbj wg H[ ( dHw dHw } u[v%
dFurjrJe[!!!liwji VJ sg yg; rg w'Hg dHl s[L dry
h{!!!s,Dl' h{ dw VhgG ( q{G f+ZjV q>aig } b,u hg dqv dihj
hJ!!!q{G RpV%J w'v'G q>e wiJej dw VpwljV sg dHw-dHw
fjHg fPig wgag ujH[ m
s' ^ fi blgG dHl r[v[ dWvwpv W[zi hJ m
wJeilg ^ q{} faj H[ dw aplgG W[zi h' eH[ h'!!!aphjc[ zi VhgG ih[!!!
RpKa'G lisgbJ Rpai ihgbJ V[!!!aplgG dwo[ ujYe[!!!dHhs[
vHg liwji w{Gf t'v% ihg H[!!!b?gi liwji sj rg w'Hg
`i; H[!!!f+ZjV q>aig bjfS[ x.c dry'G f>u v,t ipdfbj
s[ ih[ V[ m
s' ^ f>u v,t!!!dHh iwq aJ!!!
wJeilg ^ q{} faj H[ dw f>u v,t dHl w.q vHg w'Hg iwq VhgG!!!fi
dHh fdhvg dwLa H[!!!World Red Cross r,v'G f{lj
bjH[ej!!!w.Wv rg bjRpSe[!!!w'Hg h'i e,v h'r[ aJ s,Dl' m
dHw ^ e,v aJ aplgG w'Hg!!!
wJeilg ^ e,v aJ q{G w'Hg idhS VhgG ds,ag!!!dHh' aplgG wdhSj
yjhp.s[ h'!!!aphjcgbJ e,vJ q{G VhgG lqNJej aJ h'i w"S
lqN[ej!!!aplgG hg q{} ypdSbj h{!!!q{} faj H[ dw dfAvgbJ
y'SJ dry aphjc[ Ziq s[ v'wJ V[ dHw qp,n h' w[ q{} r'B
fjHg lg!!!RpV%J V[ Fjiag uVaj fjiBg rjdvbJ } r'B
VhgG fjHg lg!!!Rph dHw d`iwP fjiBg H[!!!dli` dh>sPbJ
s[ dh,aJ sg itrjvg wisg H[!!!dh>sg!!!dh>sP!!!dh>splajV!!!
fi ljcg fjiBg Ziq dVif[taj dry IwgV i,tsg H[!!!
qhjaqj eJZg V[ lj} dHh dltjdHbj lg_HgLri b,v%j
a[i[ Vjq!!!lF w' lVqag s[ FerjV m
WjWj ^ \dul ai%J Rphs[ w'v'G hpS dihj VhgG uJsj h{| aphj}
qhjaqj eJZg V[ h'i wg dltjdHbj lg (
wJeilg ^ \RpKtC w[| wg qavW (
WjWj ^ aphj} dHhg dltjdHbj lg dw v'wJ b,e[ NPn W'v'!!!RpV%J
} cijq[Wj;g wiw[ yji'!!!blgG aphjc[ w'v'G Fgt q>eS
VhgG bjH[@ dwMdw lj} faj h{ dw dHh u' wpN rg h'dHbj

93
 h{!!!aphjcgbJ ljd;LJ Vjv h'dHbj h{!!!blgG aphj} dHh
wdhS bjH[ hJ dw f+ZjV q>aig sg h,Ddabj h'Hg!!!lj}
?pLg VhgG h'Hg@ wpN h'A[ v'wJ V[ v,cP r.c[!!!y.eg e,v VhgG!!!
dwMdw Rph rg qPit lV@ duV%J V[ siWji ljdhW s[
b{wLV r[v[ v,cP r.c[ lV!!!us'G h;jiJ W[s'L[ qi[!!!dHl s[L
dry s.F@ qPi?ajHg f+ZjV h' eHg h{!!!dHw fjl[ v'w qis[
hV@ sPu[ fjl[ v,cP r.c[ uJs[ hV!!!v,cP r.cS rjdvbJ
s[ fp,a VhgG qi[ hp.s[!!!ZgbJ s[ lphje VhgG vp<B[ hp.s[!!!W,Dy[
Iagq VhgG h'H[ hp.s[!!!\u'L dry bj w[| blgG d`Bwji
fjMs[ hJ!!!RpV%J $a[ u' sPdubJ sg q"a $a[ v,cP r.cs[ V[!!!
blgG vjhVa fjMs[ hJ RpV%J $a[@ duV%J s[ iju Fje dry
NPn@ wav@ `i[W a[ s.F a'G dlrj wpN VhgG dihj_dHh
wdh w[ WjWj qpCsj h{@ wJeilg WCj davdqvJsj
h{!!!WjWj x[i qpC w[ wdh>sj h{_dxBwji h{@ vjbVa h{@
spi-vjbVa h{ m
\dHh wj`g RpKy[ lpi $y wdh>sj dHw fjl[ Wjhi uJsj
h{ m wJeilg WC[ Qp,Dl[ Vjv sPu[ fjl[ Wjhi uJsj h{ m
dHh wdh>sj h'dHbj_Vjv[ ljcg WgWg } qji ds,aj@
Vjv[ ljc[ $a[ vjbVa fjMs[ V[ m uo[sji WjWj ba[
s' h'i dl,t bev[ lgV dry bjMs[ hV m|
uo[sji ^
dl,t w"q l.wB dry H[!!!f>o } ?aij H[ m
WjWj ^
wg dwhj uo[sji ug (
uo[sji ^
f>o } ?aij H[ m
WjWj ^
\aV; Vjv| f>o } hq[Lj ?aij hg dihj H[ m
uo[sji ^
wg qavW dl>z ug m
WjWj ^
uo[sji ug 37 ljv s[L } bj;js h'dHbJ h' eH[!!!liwji
hq[Lj dHw' fjl[ dHh wdh>sg ihg dw s[L } ?aij H[ a[
aplgG uo[sji sPu[ fjl[ dHh wdh>s[ ih[ dw f>o } ?aij
H[ m
dHw ^ ?aij f>o } VhgG!!!?aij aJ hpS lj} H[ m ljcj Fjia
dry idhS sj w'Hg h,u VhgG m
s' ^ dHh rg w'Hg ugSj H[!!!lj} ypS-ypS w[ qjdibj ujH[!!!

94
 ljcgbJ ujdHsjsJ ljCgbJ ujS!!!dHl s[L rjla[ blgG
wg VhgG wgaj (
WjWj ^ wg wgaj!!!dwl[ V[ wpN VhgG wgaj s[L rjla[!!!lF V[
bjfS[ rjla[ wgaj H[ m
dHw ^ WjWj ug aplgG hq[Lj RpvB hg e,v wis[ h'!!!u[ blgG VhgG
wgaj aJ h'i dwl V[ wgaj H[ (
WjWj ^ q{G ws'G wdh>sj hJ dwl[ h'i V[ wgaj H[!!!dwl[ V[ wpN VhgG
wgaj@ lF V[ bjfS[ rjla[ wgaj H[ m
s' ^ e,v l'yS rjvg dHh r[ dw hpS wg wgaj ujH[ m
WjWj ^ uo[sji h'iJ w'v'G fp,A'!!!fi uo[sji ug wg s,lSe[!!!rghrgG
lsg dry duV%J bjfSg ljig dlbjla Ziq s[ bjv[-
spbjv[ W.V%g i,tg m
uo[sji ^ dl,tJ dry Ziq a[ dlbjla wsg r,t VhgG h' lws[!!!dHh
ljc[ epiPbJ V[ dwhj H[!!!dHh ljcj dHdahjl H[ m
dHw ^ dHh aJ ngw wdh>s[ V[!!!uo[sji ug m
WjWj ^ wg ngw wdh>s[ V[!!!v,T'rjv aw sj dHdahjl fC% dvbj
a[ WS eH[ r,c[ dHdahjlwji v'wJ } Wp,ZP WSjRpS vHg!!!
dHh e,v epiPbJ V[ dwl r[v[ whg lg m
uo[sji ^ dwl r[v[ whg lg (
WjWj ^ Rpl r[v[ whg us'G dl,t lji[ dHw' duh[ dliv,o dwlq s[
lPiq[ lV!!!Rph qpQv WjsLjh s[ Vjv uWi ba[ ;pvq
drip,Z vCs[ lV@ b"i.e;[W WjsLjh wdh>sj lg dw
dh>s'lajV dry dli` qplvqjV hg h'Se[ m Rpl r[v[
vCjHg ZiqJ sg lg@ dHl vHg Rphsj urjW rg Ziq s[
f{GaC[ a'G ds,aj debj lg m
uo[sji ^ aJ x[i wg blgG epiPbJ s[ xpiqjV s[ RpvB ujHgH[ m
WjWj ^ epiPbJ sj xpiqjV lg@ uWi s[ drip,Z cB ujY@ h,w vHg
vC' m Rpl xpiqjV } fPij wi'!!!aphjc[ ZVjT dl,tJ V[
dwhC[ h,w vHg vCVj H[!!!duhCj bjf sPdubJ s[ h,w
t'Ghs[ V[!!!RpV%J sg ljZjiV dl,tJ uJ h'i ljZjiV v'wJ
Vjv wg lJN H[ (
uo[sji ^ \dtN w[| dHh WjW[ rie[ v'w V[!!duhC[ hq[Lj f>o dry xp,B

95
 fj w[ ij;g hV m
WjWj ^ bjh'@ u[ w'Hg bwv sg e,v wi[ aJ f>o dry xp,B f{ uJsg
H[@ dul ai%J f>o w'Hg qPitJ sj B'vj h'r[!!!aphj} faj
h'Sj yjhgsj h{ dw dul iju dry dl,tJ Vjv z,vPzjij
ria debj@ Rpl sj f+ZjV dl,t H[ m dul Ldhi dry ljij
wpN h'dHbj@ Rphsj q[bi dl,t H[!!!hpS wdh s[r' dw Rph
f>o a'G Wjhi hV m
uo[sji ^ bjh'!!!Rph f>o s[ e,sji hV m
WjWj ^ fi dHV%J Q,sjiJ } r'B aplgG hg fjHg lg m dwM ( dwMdw
Rph dl,t V[!!!RpV%J s[ evJ dry hji fjH[!!!RpV%J }
epispbji[ l,s-l,s w[ dli'f[ ds,a[@ s,Dl' ds,a[ lV dw
VhgG (
dHw ^ fi aplgG wdhSj wg yjhp.s[ h' (
WjWj ^ q{G dHh' wdhSj yjhp.sj hJ dw lqJ hpS bj debj h{ dw
dlbjla dry dHh r,t f>o rjvj iBV A,Dc' ba[ s[L sg
qp,t Zjij rghrgG lsg sg dlbjla sg lPN Vjv dryi'
a[ dHh dlbjla ZiqJ sg VhgG@ uqjaJ sg H[ m dHhg
aphjc[ Ziq sg ZVjT uqja@ dHw fjl[ wJeilg W"lJ
Vjv lJN fjMsg ihg h{ a[ sPu[ fjl[ b>dq+ali uj w[ l.a
dF>ciJrjv[ s[ o{v[ Fisg ihg h{ m w'Hg aphj} Vjbij s[
debj dHw b{lj s[L WSVj yjhgsj h{@ dul dry dl,tJ
sj W'vWjvj h'r[@ Rph duhC[ ueigsji lisji V[@
qp;jdibJ sg vhP flgV[ sg wqjHg vp<B w[ tJs[ V[@ Rph
duhC[ r,c[ wjitjV[sji V[@ q;sPi sg dqhVa a[ ugGs[
V[!!!fP>ugfag aphj} ria w[ bjfSj W'vWjvj wiVj
yjhp.s[ V[!!!Rph yjhp.s[ V[ dw dHl dWiv[ BjB[ sg Ziag a'G
dHw BpwCj RpV%J } r,tij dqv ujH[!!!dul dry dWivj
BjBj Rph h'S@ dHl a'G r,Z h'i w'Hg e,v VhgG m
uo[sji ^ fi hpS blgG dHl s[L dry dwl ai%J idh lws[ hJ@ dul
dry ljc[ Vjv dHh lvPw wgaj debj h'r[@ ljcj H[Vj
VpwljV wgaj debj h'r[ m
WjWj ^ dHl Wji[ l'ySj yjhgsj h{!!!dHh l'ySj WSsj h{ m dHh

96
 l'ySj Rpl r[v[ rg WSsj lg@ us'G f>ujW dry W[s'dLbJ
s[ wav h' ih[ lV m
dHw ^ x[i hpS wg wigH[ (
WjWj ^ wg wigH[ ( bjfS[ b>si Njag qji'@ bjfSg l'y Wsv'
dHl s[L dry fAjS' dw aphjcj s'la w"S h{ ( spLqS
w"S h{ (
s' ^ w"S H[ ljcj s'la!!!w'Hg VhgG m
WjWj ^ u[ aphjcg dHh' l'y ihg aJ l,yqp,y aphjcj bjfS[ s[L
dry w'Hg s'la VhgG ih[ej m Wjhiv[ s[LJ Vjv Njw Njw
w[ s[ t ' e [ m Rp h Rp K a' G -Rp K a' G ap h jc[ Vjv hqsisg
drtjRpSe[@ fi dry'G aphjc[ $a[ h,lSe[ m wg wgaj
fjdwlajV V[@ bqigwj V[@ w{V[cj V[@ dH>evlajV V[@
us'G hdiq>si ljdhW `"ug b{wLV dry aWjh h'dHb{!!!dwl[
V[ wpN VhgG wgaj a[ Vj hg wpN wiVj RpV%J sj WSsj
lg m
uo[sji ^ fi dHl s[L dry rg aJ ljcj w'Hg s'la VhgG m
WjWj ^ dwM VhgG!!!l,ai wi'C v'wJ sj dHh s[L H[!!!aphjc[ RpKa[
ds,vg uJ s[L s[ h'iVJ FjeJ $a[ hqv[ h' ih[ lV aJ Rph
v'w w"S lV@ u' i'l sg bjrj; Rpnj ih[ lV m A'B[-A'B[
fiy[ Ajf w[ v'wJ dry r.c ih[ lV m qijnj sgbJ
b?WjiJ t'v% w[ r[t'@ duV%J dry l.fjswg $a[ l.fjswg
dvt[ uj ih[ lV dw dHw V,oiP ijq e'cl[ dul V[ qhjaqj
eJZg sg h,Ddabj wgag@ Rphsj dHh qavW VhgG lg dw
lji[ qijdnbJ vHg Fjia dry oJ VhgG@ Rph w"S lV@
duV%J V[ bjfSgbJ ujVJ rji w[ wvw,a[ dry aphjcg
ijtg wgag h{ ( hJ@ aphjc[ spLqS V[@ Rph u' d`iwjf+lag
rjvg l'y i,ts[ V[@ fi dlhaq>s@ c{q'wi[dBw l'y rjv[
rg o'C%[ VhgG m RpV%J } fAjS'!!!fi fAjS aJ hg lw'e[
u[ bjfSg ds=LBg Wsv'e[!!!bjfSg dlbjla } bjZpdVw
vghJ $a[ a'i'e[ m dHh rghrgG lsg H[!!!f>sirgG l'v%rgG lsg
VhgG!!!\bjfS[ N'v[ dry'G dHw b?Wji w,T w[| dHh ?Wi
fC%'_fgfv; IPVgbV bj` dlrv dvWiBg;@ fgfv;

97
 IPVgbV `ji c{q'wi[dBw ijHgB;@ dHV%J V[ drLjv uvlj
WpvjdHbj h{ m dwl sg ?jai ( aphjcg ?jai m dwM@
dwMdw Rph lq[G s[ hjwqJ sj blvj fAjSs[ V[ m Rph
ujSs[ V[ dw w,v% duhC[ `"ug WPB V[xj dry VjdebJ a[
qg;'bJ } sWjMs[ lV@ Rph `"ug WPB f>ujW $y sVsVjMs[
V[@ `iw dli` H[Vj hg H[ dw Rpo[ `"ug Whpa[ dl,t lV a[
dHo[ `"ug Q{i dl,t V[ m Rph ujSs[ V[ dw duhCgbJ ajwaJ
bjljq sj qlvj h,v VhgG h'S s[GsgbJ!!!Rph f>ujW sj
qlvj rg h,v VhgG h'S s[SegbJ m Rph ujSs[ hV dw
dHl s[L dry vp<B wiV rjvgbJ ajwaJ sj iju h{ m u'
wsg rg VhgG yjhpSegbJ dw dHl s[L dry v'wJ sg
bjflg H[ w aj h' r [ m dHh ajwaJ d`iwP s. e [
wirjRpSegbJ@ xljs wirjRpSegbJ!!!fi lj} v'w
LwagbJ sg fAjS wiVg yjhgsg h{ m RpV%J LwagbJ s[
v'w bjfS[ v'wJ } ujde+a wiV vHg dVwv[ hV m RpV%J
s[ wsq Vjv wsq dqvjY@ RpV%J sg bjrj; Vjv
bjrj; ivjY!!!RpV%J s[ W'vJ dry W'v fjY!!!Ziag sj
dHw B'Bj Vj q>e'@ duo[ dl,tJ sj W'vWjvj h'H[!!!le'G ljij
s[L q>e'@ duo[ d*ag sj W'vWjvj h'r[@ fi wg aplgG b{lj
wi'e[ (
uo[sji ^ A,Dc' ug@ dHh WjWj dwhCgbJ drhvgbJ e,vJ A'h W{nj
h{ m
dHw ^ fi WjWj wdh>sj aJ l,y H[ m
uo[sji ^ tjw l,y wdh>sj H[!!!dHo[ dHw dq>B rg tv'Sj fjf H[!!!
\ep,Dl[ Vjv| rjdhepiP ug wj tjvlj@ rjdhepiP ug wg
xadh m
WjWj ^ \RpV%J s[ df,DA[ W'vsj h{ m| rjdhepiP ug wg `adh!!!yv[
ujY dl>z ljhWJ w'v!!!WjW[ } wiji s[ dsY aVtjhgbj!!!m
\b?Wji r,v bjMsj h{ m bjfSg oJ tv'Gsj h{ m o'C%j
rw`j m fdhv[ lgV rjvj ds=L m b,u sj ajuj ?Wi@
u' w,v% aj;j VhgG ih[eg@ fil'G W[hg h' ujH[eg@ y"o
Fpvj ds,ag ujH[eg m da>V W.s[ b?Wji v{Gs[ hV m fC%Vj

98
 LpiP wi s[Gs[ hV m b?Wji rjvj #b,u sg aj;j ?Wi$
sphijMsj h{ m|
WjWj ^ W.s wi dHh i"vj!!!bt[ aj;j ?Wi dHl s[L dry w'Hg ?Wi
aj;j VhgG!!!w'Hg rg ?Wi VrgG VhgG m lF fpijSgbJ_dh>sP
qplvqjV xljs sg ?Wi@ dh>sP dl,t V`ia sg ?Wi@ v'w
lFj sgbJ y'SJ@ f{l[ sj Yhg y,wi!!!v,tJ sg t[c!!!eigW
dli` q'hi vejRpS rjv[ m higuV WlagbJ ljCV sg
?Wi@ W[ip;eji V"urjVJ sg ?pswpLg sg ?Wi!!!blqjV
AP.hsg qdh>ejHg sg ?Wi@ vgciJ sg svWsvg sg
?Wi!!!lF fpijSgbJ ?WiJ m
Wjwg ^ \b?WjiJ dry'G qP>h yp,wsgbJ| hJ@ lF fpijSgbJ ?WiJ m
WjWj ^ b?Wji rjv[!!!wsg aJ W,Ddvbj VrgG ?Wi dvbjdHbj
wi!!!dHl Ziag $a[ Vr[G lPiu yC%V sg m
Wjwg ^ VrJ lPiu (
WjWj ^ hJ!!!us'G dHl Ziag $a[ dqhVa wiV rjv[ v'w dqhVa
sg itrjvg vHg dHw,n[ RpKnSe[!!!dh>sP rg h'Se[@ dl,t
rg h'Se[@ qplvqjV rg h'Se[ a[ Rph rg h'Se[@ duhC[
dwl[ Ziq Vjv VhgG ujS[ uJs[!!!Rpl Vr[G lPiu sg ?Wi@
dul sg Fjia s[ wi'CJ v'wJ } Rpcgw h{ m
\WjWj dHh bj?ig rjiajvjf WCj ndhi ndhi w[
W'vsj h{ a[ x[i dHw fjl[ r[tsj h{@ dul ai%J bjfSg
wvfVj dry w'Hg lPiu s[t dihj h{ m Rpl[ fjl[ lji[
r[ts[ hV a[ ldB,v h' uJs[ hV m|

99