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e lementu Hnalysu

Asanmeut

S ez R i Said to be Countable t eithe


ASubset ó

knte er denumerable
ASet S Countble and onty it thene b a lyechion fon
S1Outo anothe Set S2 hat Countable.
A Set S denumerable k and onty theie a biechion

om to N
Countable i hehe X Ba a Suxjecton eN tpl

sumehact S s Ceuntable S à tinite aith n_elemesta


Hhen tHheve exists a byection h a N bto S
e cdekine e n N by

H) h[) kx k 4,
hin DY kn
S
ne cearly H O Bujection q N bnto
ninite Tus thexe
S intinite, hen S ceuutnbHy
erts o 2jection t N Ont S, whlch i a l o a Susgeckion
N t o S.

Q b A =_-(( h eN

AA Note : 2 r
44 Ond - <0 nt N _

LR have 0
VnEN

neN

7041(4 2 Vnt
n

Thus 0 a louex bounod and 2 an upe beuncd


og A In otherwds ho gt A ot bounded akeve
ond bounded beloeBy the Ccple tenes Pope nA_
nd SupA ech in B

n A
ndodd
n

n u venthen n L_and so

1--12 n ns 2n-2
n
nl
/2
uus O2 L neN
n

0 uR beund ez A_

To pYDe faot2ing 4 ler eo be gehhen ALEN


Buuh that A+ e Th mplles hat ing A -
2

SupA2
ete> te anbitrary n 2-£a n t be on pa lu
betause t e e a a upea bound eAS2-£YA ER
hpaticee, 2 2-e or Es0 uuel. u a Couctradi'ehian
B n
ne N2

Cleary for all 4 neN, Tus an uppe


bound t s bSlate B dSup B ext n 2 Qud
Sup b 4L To See tut gup z , eve rFaf
E Baudheaefore u pSup B fhù p that

e obsVe Hhat 2 0 kn oll n_in N n


Thu 0a
loueY bound r B. lonsequeusly,Hha ng B exuts in I
Dnok 0SInt B. e clalm hot nk B 0 Let m2O
be euer bound e BBy e Archimuedean pmpery
Hhee exGbA ne N Buc tat <m Bt uthich
otradictg the au Hnat m _alouex bond SALL

uppose Haat X2 <n Y> Hu? aud z2<z


Stotemeut
heal_nuleu suh that E4nzn
Zn
ae quences o4

O9wehgn t ahd
h
im) umC4)- l'm Zn) y n e A.

ma Let limn) Um 24) e 20 be glven


heve yBts a natusal
Qince C4) Cenvexqes to w,
h a t (LutolLE y nzN
umber A Cuch 4
to to, here_eaiate
Aimkat, t tolletcs fhat CZn) onuerges V
( Zn- tof E n2N,
natural number NL Suh oat
Na may Ni,N2 fhen V n2 n,
we ber

hae
nco ce and ln-ol Le
aud
Sinte th upothess fnplieshat
-e Xn- Znto e

Loee neJ
o
Stuce E0,us mples that n
e t Lfnit Compads ou tet: let é On ad é ba be.
two posttivetesma. SemesDuh hat m On-
Lkiite and non 3eo) hen e fun benesn00n
a n and Ebn eFthe bo-H Convergu O bot
dfverqes

nn+4

AS U whih A a Cnvenget: p Aexes


Lan see S1which n2

(p-2) Thb the gtven Aedes i likely to Convenge To


oeoiL apply the Umit Comparison Test with
ps0ue ths

an 2 L Ound bn
n2ntl

Um On Qiwn =m
b h n n+

Stinte b LEnite aund positive, lt elleuos tharthe gte


h e Lmit Companisoin st
Beies Cenerges by
Root Test let Ean be a seies wia positi tema
Ound Suppese tut Xm an n>o llmQn =

a) 1 h e senes An onverges-

L71 ox L> o, te geies an diverges


an diverges

L1 the test i in Loncluuive. B he 8exes


Converge os divenge 9

nti)n
n
o that
Cn+) n2

n+
n

h n

Qinte L he senes onveges by the Rcot Tert

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