jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs Joj:yfkg ;+/rgf

cWofo !)
!)= ;8s ljefusf] e"–jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs OsfO{sf] ;+u7g ;'b[9Ls/0f M
u|fxs -ljZj a}+s / ;8s ljefu_ sf] cg'/f]wdf k/fdz{bftfx¿n] ;8s ljefusf] e"–
jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs OsfO{sf] ;+u7g ;'b[9Ls/0f pk/ Wofg lbg' k/]sf] lyof] .
tf]lsPsf] sfo{ ;"rL -ToR_ cGtu{t /xL k/fdz{bftfn] e"–jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs
OsfO{sf k|ltlglwx¿;+u ljleÌ r/0fdf ;f] OsfO{n] ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x¿ ;kmn tyf
k|efjsf/L9+Ën] k"/f ug]{ af/] ;f] OsfO{sf] Ifdtf ;DaGwdf 3lgi6 ;/;Nnfx u/L
cWoog u/] . o; l;nl;nfdf ;fdl/s ;8s ;+hfnsf cfufdL sfo{qmdx¿df
;fdflhs tyf jftfj/0fLo d"NofÍg / Joj:yfkg kIfdf b]lvg ;Sg] ;d:ofx¿ /
ltgnfO{ pko'Qm 9+un] ;Daf]wg ug{ cfjZos kg]{ Joj:yf / OsfO{sf] xfn ljBdfg
IfdtfaLrsf] cGt/ af/] hf]8 lbO{Psf] lyof] .

!)=! r'gf}tL, sdhf]/L tyf ;Ldfx¿sf] klxrfg M

;8s ljefusf] e"–jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs OsfO{ -GESU_! sf] cGo lhDd]jf/Lsf
cltl/Qm ;fdflhs tyf jftfj/0fLo laifox¿ / ;8s ljefu cGt/utsf] ;8s
lgdf{0f tyf dd{t ;+ef/;+u ;DalGwt e"–k|fljlws tyf h}ljs OlGhlgol/Ë kIf klg
xf] . -GESU_ sf] ljBdfg sfo{ tyf lhDd]jf/Lsf] lj:t[t ljj/0f o; -ESMF_ ;DaGwL
cl3Nnf] cWofo ( df k|:t't ul/;lsPsf] 5 .

GESU sf] ;+:yfut tyf ;+u7gfTds Ifdtfsf] ;+o'Qm cWoogn] ;d:ofsf] klxrfg,
To;sf] ;dfwfgsf nflu pkfox¿ l;kmfl/; ug]{, l;kmfl/z sfof{Gjog u/L
jftfj/0fsf laifodf c´} km/flsnf] 9Ën] ;]jf lbg] laifo;Fu ;DalGwt OsfO{sf]
JolQmut tyf ;+u7gfTds b'j} y/Lsf bIftf / k|efjsfl/tf;+u ;DaGw /fVb5 . SRN
sfo{qmd;+u dfq ge} ;8s ljefusf ;8s ljsf;sf ;a} ls|ofsnfkx¿;+u ;+a4
/x]sf] of] cWoog ;8s ljefu cGt/utsf] GESU leqsf Ifdtf clea[l4 kIfx?;+u
d'Vo ¿kn] ;DalGwt 5, kmn:j¿k of] cWoog sd{rf/Lsf] JolQmut ljz]if1tf /
bIftf a9fpg, nIf pGd'v /xg / ;+u7gsf ;Dk"0f{ ;|f]tx¿ ;fdflhs tyf
jftfj/0fLo ;'/Iffsf kIfx?nfO{ g]kfnsf] ;Dk"0f{ ;8s ljefu sfo{qmddf ;xL9+un]
;dfj]z ug]{ lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug]{ tkm{ nlIft x'G5 . o;} cfjZostf klxrfg k|ls|ofsf]
kl/0ffd :j¿k tof/ ePsf] tflnd of]hgf æg]kfnsf] ;8s ljsf;sf cfof]hgf;+u
;DalGwt jftfj/0fLo tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff pkfox¿sf] tflnd of]hgfÆ zLif{s ePsf]
5'§} b:tfj]hdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

!
o; OsfOnfO{ z'¿df e"–k|fljlws tyf jftfj/0f OsfO eg]/ gfdfs/0f ul/Psf] lyof] t/ ;]K6]Da/ @))^ b]lv
o;nfO{ e"–jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs OsfOdf kl/jt{g ul/Psf] xf] .
kmfNu'0f @)^% cWofo !)– 1
 jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs Joj:yfkg ;+/rgf

;ldIff tyf d"NofÍg k|ls|of k/fdz{bftfsf] ;fdflhs ljz]if14f/f z'¿ ul/Psf] lyof] .
h; cGtu{t ;Gbe{ ;fdu|L cWoog@, o; laifo;Fu ;DalGwt ;8s ljefusf] pRr
clwsf/Lx¿#, ljZj a}+s tyf bft[ lgsfoåf/f cfly{s ;xof]u pknAw u/fOPsf o:t}
cfof]hgfx¿df ;+nUg cGo ljz]if1x¿;+u j[xt ¿kdf cGtjftf{ / ;/;Nnfx ul/Psf]
lyof] . vf; u/L u|fdL0f ;8s ;'wf/ tyf ljs]Gb|Ls/0f cfof]hgf -RAIDP, 2004_ sf
nflu tof/ ul/Psf] ;fdflhs tyf jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg ;+/rgfn] ;8s tyf
oftfoft If]q;Fu ;DalGwt ;+:yfut Ifdtfsf d'2fx¿ klxrfg ug{ laif]z ¿kn]
;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] 5 .

;g\ @))^ sf] cS6f]j/–gf]e]Da/sf] cGTolt/ k/fdz{bftfn] GESU k|d'v >L s[TofgGb
7fs"/sf ;fy /xL OsfO{sf] kl5Nnf] cj:yfnfO{ cBfjlws ug]{ tyf ;du| ljZn]if0f ug]{
sfo{ ;+rfng u/]sf] lyof] . oL ;/;Nnfxsf] cfwf/df GESU sf] ;+:yfut ;'wf/sf
laifox¿ l;kmfl/z ul/Psf 5g\, h;sf] sfof{Gjogaf6 g]kfnsf] ;8s cfof]hgfx¿df
xfn ug'{ kg]{ tyf elaiodf ug'{kg{ ;Sg] jftfj/0fLo tyf ;fdflhs Joj:yfkgsf
sfo{x¿nfO{ c´} /fd|f] u/L ;Dkfbg ug]{ u/L OsfO{sf] Ifdtf ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5 .

OsfO{sf] Ifdtf clea[l4sf nflu cfjZostf klxrfg ubf{ tLg lsl;dsf kIfx¿ pk/
Wofg lbOPsf] lyof] M

-!_ jfXo lgsfox¿;+u ;DalGwt x'g] ;dGjo, cGt/ls|of tyf ;+rf/sf ;+:yfut
ljifox¿,
-@_ cfGtl/s ;+/rgf, hgzlQmsf txx¿, ah]6, ef}lts ;'ljwf;Fu ;DalGwt
;+:yfut ljifox¿, /
-#_ hgzlQm, ljz]if1tf, tflnd, sfo{ljefhg / lhDd]jf/L ;DaGwL dfgj ;+;fwg .

cfjZostf klxrfgn] ;+:yfut ;'b[9Ls/0fsf] k|:tfj;Fu JolQmut ¿kdf ;DalGwt

laifox¿, tof/ ug]{ cfwf/ lgdf{0f u¥of] h;sf] JofVof lj:t[t ¿kdf æg]kfnsf] ;8s
ljefu cfof]hgf;+u ;DalGwt jftfj/0fLo tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff pkfox¿sf] tflnd
of]hgfÆ gfds 5'§} b:tfj]hdf pNn]v 5 .

!)=@ ;8s ljefusf] e"–jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs OsfO{sf] ;+u7g

!)=@=! OsfO{sf] ljsf; M

k|:tfljt c¿0f t];|f] hn ljB't cfof]hgfsf] c¿0f k|j]z dfu{nfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg
z'¿df ;g\ !(** df ;8s ljefu cGtu{t jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg ;dGjo OsfO{sf]
u7g ePsf] lyof] eg] kl5 uP/ ;g\ !(($ df o;nfO{ e"–jftfj/0f OsfO{ -GEU_ sf]
@
o;} ;+/rgfsf] cg';"rL * x]g'{xf];\ .
#
k/fdz{bftfn] e"–jftfj/0f OsfOsf laifodf ljZn]if0f ug{ z'¿df ;8s ljefusf pk–dxflgb]{zs -p=d=lg=_
sdn kf08], e"–jftfj/0f OsfOsf k|d'v cof]Wof k|;fb >]i7;+u ldlt @))%–!@–@& df / of]hgf tyf l8hfOg
dxfzfvfsf p=d=lg= sdn kf08], e"–jftfj/0f OsfOsf klxn]sf k|d'v cof]Wof k|;fb >]i7;+u ldlt @))^–#–!(
df 5nkmn u/]sf] lyof] . o;sf ;fy} l8;]Da/ @))% / dfr{ @))^ leq RMDP sf] ;+u7g ;'29Ls/0f of]hgfsf]
sfof{noaf6 ;+u7gsf] Ifdtf ;DalGw ljj/0f pknAw ul/Psf] lyof] .
kmfNu'0f @)^% cWofo !)– 2
 jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs Joj:yfkg ;+/rgf

gfdaf6 of]hgf tyf l8hfO{g dxfzfvfleq Pp6f :yfoL ;]nsf] ¿kdf ljsf; ul/of] .
;g\ !(($ sf] z'¿cft b]lv !((( ;Dd ;8s dd{t ;'wf/ tyf ;+ef/ cfof]ghfsf
nflu o; OsfO{nfO{ a]nfot ;/sf/sf] ;d'Gb|kf/ ljsf; Ph]G;L -a]nfot–ODA_ tyf
ljZj a}+ssf] cfly{s ;xof]u pknAw lyof] . a]nfotL ;xof]u d'Vo u/L ;8s
ljefusf] Ifdtf clea[l4 / h}ljs OlGhlgol/Ë If]qsf] ;'b[9Ls/0fdf s]lGb|t lyof] eg]
ljZj a}+ssf] ;xof]u jftfj/0fLo kIfdf s]lGb|t lyof] . ;8s ljefu cGtu{tsf] ;8s
dd{t tyf ljsf; cfof]hgf -RMDP_ sf] ;+:yfut ;'b[9Ls/0f v08sf] cfly{s
;xof]udf PsLs[t ;8s ljsf;sf] jftfj/0fLo tyf ;fdflhs kIfsf] l/km|]G; Dofg'cn
-lgb]{lzsf_ tof/ ug]{ sfd @))# ;fndf ;DkÌ ul/of] .

;g\ @))% df ;8s ljefun] ;fdl/s ;8s ;+hfnsf] u'¿of]hgfdf ;8s lgdf{0faf6
ul/aL Go"gLs/0f sfo{qmdnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg hf]8 lbPsf] lyof] . j}b]lzs bft[ ;+:yf
PlzofnL ljsf; a}+ssf] ;xof]udf ;g\ @))^ ;fndf s]xL ;8s cfof]hgfdf ul/aL
36fpg] k|efj clea[l4 ug]{ of]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{ z'¿ u/]kl5 ;8s ljsf;
cfof]hgfx¿df ;fdflhs kIfnfO{ ;dfj]z ug]{ u/L lh=O{=o"= -GEU_ sf] e"ldsfnfO{ yk
lj:tf/ ul/Psf] lyof] . t;y{ ;fdflhs kIfnfO{ ;dfj]z ug{ / ;8s ljsf; /
;'b[9Ls/0fsf of]hgfx¿df jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs laifodf zL3| tyf k|efjsf/L ;]jf
k|bfg ug{ ;8s ljefun] GEU nfO{ e"–jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs OsfO{ -GESU_ sf]
¿kdf k'gM gfdfs/0f u¥of] .

kmfNu'0f @)^% cWofo !)– 3

 jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs Joj:yfkg ;+/rgf

lrq !)=! ;8s ljefusf] e"–jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs OsfO{sf] ;+u7g tflnsf

dxflgb]{zs
(DG)

dxflgb]{zssf]
sfof{no

a}b]lzs ;xof]u of]hgf tyf l8hfOg oflGqs dxfzfvf ;+ef/ dxfzfvf

dxfzfvf (DDG) dxfzfvf (DDG) (DDG) (DDG)

of]hgf, sfo{qmd, u'0f:t/ pks/0f dd{t

cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg lgoGq0f tyf Joj:yfkg k|zf;g zfvf cfly{s
l4kIfLo ;xof]u k|zf;g zfvf
OsfO{
e" jftfj/0f tyf ;8s tyf pks/0f v/Lb
;fdflhs OsfO{ 6«flkms OsfO{ tyf tflnd zfvf sd{rf/L k|zf;g
zfvf
jx'kIfLo ;xof]u s]Gb|Lo :t/ /
OsfO{ ;8s If]q bIftf / k'n OsfO{ d]sflgsn tflnd n]vf k/LIf0f
ljsf; OsfO{ s]Gb| sfg"g tyf hUuf
Ifltk"lt{
sfo{ ;+rfng
ljjfb ;dfwfg OsfO{ zfvf
s]Gb|Lo k|of]uzfnf ef/L pks/0f
l8lehg cfGtl/s k|zf;g

kmfNu'0f @)^% cWofo !)– 4

oflGqs sfof{nox¿
/fhdfu{ Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnL OsfO{ s]Gb|Lo :6f]/
 jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs Joj:yfkg ;+/rgf

!)=@=@= e"–jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs OsfO{ -GESU_ sf zfvfx¿ / ;+u7gfTds

;DaGw M
;8s ljefusf] ;+u7g tflnsf -lrq g+= !)=!_ n] o;sf] ljleÌ zfvfx¿ tyf
OsfO{x¿ / ltgsf] 5'§f5'§} sfo{x¿ b]vfPsf] 5 .

e"–jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs OsfO{ -GESU_ OsfO{df xfn $ j6f zfvfx¿ 5g\ M
-!_ jftfj/0f zfvf,
-@_ k|zf;g tyf ef}lts ;'ljwf
-#_ e"–k|fljlws zfvf / h}ljs OlGhlgol/Ë zfvf /
-$_ cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf; zfvf .

:d/0fLo 5 ls xfn;Dd ;8s ljsf; sfo{qmdx¿df ;fdflhs kIf;+u ;DalGwt

;Dk"0f{ sfo{x¿sf] k|zf;g ug]{ s'g} klg zfvf v8f ul/Psf] 5}g . xfn, GESU df #
hgf OlGhlgo/x¿ 5g\, h;dWo] s;}n] klg jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs d"NofÍgsf
laifodf bIftf clea[l4 ug{sf nflu klxn] ;+rfng ul/Psf ;+:yfut ;'b[9Ls/0fsf
sfo{qmddf efu lnPsf 5}gg\ .

!)=# ;8s ljefusf] e"–jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs OsfO{sf] ;+:yfut tyf ;+u7gfTds
Ifdtf ;DaGwdf k|fKt kl/0ffd M
;+:yfut tyf ;+u7gfTds d"NofÍgsf o:tf k|f/lDes kl/0ffdx¿ k/fdz{bftfn] Plk|n
@))^ df cfof]hgf ePsf] ;8s ljefusf] cfGtl/s uf]i7L tyf cS6f]j/÷gf]e]Da/
@))^ df GESU sf sd{rf/Lx¿;+u lj:t[t 5nkmn ubf{ k|:t't u/]sf lyP . o;sf
cltl/Qm kl/0ffd tyf l;kmfl/zx¿ @@ gf]e]Da/ @))^ df ;8s ljefusf] ;efsIfdf
k|d'v bftfx¿;+u ePsf] sfof{zfnfsf] ;qdf df]6fdf]6L ¿kdf k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] .
o;sf] kmn:j¿k ;+nUg kIfx¿n] tn k|:t't ul/Psf l;kmfl/zx¿nfO{ ;j{;Ddltn]
kfl/t u/] .

!)=#=! bftfx¿n] klxrfg u/]sf ;+:yfut tyf ;+u7gfTds ;fdfGo d'2fx¿ M

g]kfnsf] ;8s tyf ;8s;DaGwL cfof]hgfx¿df jftfj/0fLo tyf ;fdflhs kIfsf
;DaGwdf ljZj a}+ssf] cg'ejn] cfof]hgfsf kbflwsf/Lx¿df sfg"gL tyf gLltut,
vf;u/L ;fdflhs d'2fx¿sf ;DaGwdf /fhg}lts tyf k|zf;lgs k|lta4tfsf] sdL
/x]sf] s'/f cf}NofPsf] 5 . cfof]hgfsf] ;+rfnsx¿sf] b]xfosf] If]qx¿df ckof{Kt kxn
/x]sf] af/] o; a}+ssf] lrGtf /x]sf] b]lvG5 M

;fdflhs tyf jftfj/0fLo sfo{ of]hgfx¿ th'{df ug{sf nflu ;fdflhs
ljZn]if0f ug]{,

o:tf] of]hgfx¿sf] cljZj;gLo nfut cg'dfg, /

l;len lgdf{0f sfo{;Fu gldNg] u/L /flvPsf] k'gjf{; ;DaGwL lqmofsnfksf]
;do tflnsf .

kmfNu'0f @)^% cWofo !)– 5

 jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs Joj:yfkg ;+/rgf

O–Dofk -EMAP_ / :ofk -SAP_ sf] sfof{Gjog ubf{ lgwf{l/t dfkb08 cg';f/
sfof{Gjog gx'Fbf cfof]hgfaf6 k|efljt hgtfx¿n] Joxf]g'{ k/]sf] Iflt tyf b'Mvsf]
kof{Kt dfqfdf Go"gLs/0fsf nflu u/]sf] k|of; ;kmn x'Fb}g . ljZj a}+s cfkm}n] cfly{s
;xof]u k|bfg u/]sf] cfof]hgfx¿df cfof]hgf rqmsf ljleÌ r/0fx¿df
hg;xeflutfsf] cefj ePsf] s'/f yk lrGtfsf] ljifo x'g cfof] .

!)=#=@ GESU sf] ;+:yfut ;Ldf tyf sdhf]/Lx¿sf] cfGtl/s d"NofÍg M

;8s ljefu÷GESU sf k|d'v ;d:of tLg lsl;dsf 5g\ . klxnf], ;8s Joj:yfkg
tyf ;+ef/sf] nflu pko'Qm ;+:yfut Joj:yf ;'lglZrt x'g' xf] . bf];|f], cfof]hgf
sfof{Gjog;+u ;DalGwt ;+efJo jftfj/0fLo tyf ;fdflhs k|efjx¿nfO{ pko'Qm
9Ën] ;Daf]wg ug{ ;Sg] u/L e"–jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs OsfO{sf] hgzlQmsf] Ifdtf
clea[l4, pks/0f Joj:yfkg / ah]6 lgdf{0f cflb xf] . t];|f], ;8s cfof]hgf
sfof{Gjogaf6 c;/ kg]{ ;+efjgf ePsf hf]lvdo'Qm ;d'bfo tyf cflbjf;L nufot
cfof]hgfaf6 k|efljt hgtf -PAPs_ sf] lxt ;+/If0f ug{ pko'Qm ;+:yfut Joj:yf
tyf ;+/rgf v8f ug'{ xf] .

kl5Nnf] s'/f k"/f ug{, ;8s ljefun] jftfj/0fLo / h}ljs OlGhlgol/Ë ;DaGwL
ljifox¿ tyf ;8s lgdf{0f / dd{t ;+ef/sf cGo k|fljlws kIfx¿nfO{ Jojl:yt ug{,
w]/} j6f lbUbz{g tyf lgb]{lzsfx¿ tof/ u/]sf] 5 . tyflk ltgsf] k|of]u tby{ -xr'jf_
¿kdf dfq e}/x]sf] 5 / vf; u/L sf7df8f}+ ljefuleqsf yf]/} O{l~hlgo/x¿nfO{ dfq
o; af/]df hfgsf/L /x]sf] / ;|f]tdf -b:tfj]hdf_ kx'Fr ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 eg] l8lehg
;8s sfof{no tyf lgdf{0f:yndf vl6Psf ;'k/lehg ug]{ sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ o; af/]df
hfgsf/L 5}g .

ljut s]xL aif{af6 o:tf sdLsdhf]/LnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ ;8s ljefusf] cfˆgf]
;+:yfut ;b[9Ls/0f sfo{qmddf dxTjk"0f{ sbdx¿ rflnPsf 5g\ . o; l;nl;nfdf
tof/ ePsf] k|d'v b:tfj]h, æPsLs[t ;8s ljsf;sf] jftfj/0fLo tyf ;fdflhs
kIfsf] lgb]{zg k'l:tsf, @))#Æ xf], h;df ;8s ljsf;;Fu ;DalGwt jftfj/0f tyf
;fdflhs laifosf d'2fx¿nfO{ ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . tyflk o; k'l:tsfdf ;fdflhs
tyf jftfj/0fLo If]qdf sfof{Gjog ubf{ kg{ ;Sg] ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfgsf nflu
cfjZos kg]{ sfg"gL ;+/rgfsf] u+eL/ ;dLIff ul/Psf] 5}g / o;} sf/0fn] ubf{
;fdflhs tyf jftfj/0fLo If]qsf sfddf of] lgb]{lzsf k|of]u ubf{ ;d:of cfpg
;S5 .

!)=#=# ;+:yfut txdf klxrfg ul/Psf ljz]if ;d:ofx¿ M

cfjZostfsf] klxrfg tyf cGt/ klxrfg k|ls|ofsf] l;nl;nfdf ;+:yfut Joj:yf
tyf ;dGjo;+u ;DalGwt lgDg jdf]lhdsf d'Vo d'2fx¿sf] klxrfg eof] M

;Da4 lgsfox¿aLr ;fdflhs tyf jftfj/0fLo ljifox¿df lhDd]jf/Lsf] :ki6
jfF8kmfF8 ePsf] kfOPg . pbfx/0fsf nflu ;fdflhs tyf jftfj/0fLo laifodf
kg{ ;Sg] bL3{sfnLg k|efjsf ;DaGwdf GESU / cGo dGqfno tyf
ljefux¿aLr s'g} ;DaGw /x]sf] kfOPg . of]hgf th'{df tyf ;dLIff
kmfNu'0f @)^% cWofo !)– 6
 jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs Joj:yfkg ;+/rgf

a}7sx¿df ko{j]Ifssf] ¿kdf dfq of] OsfO{nfO{ cfdGq0f ug]{ eGbf a9L o;
OsfO{nfO{ dxTj lbPsf] kfOGg .

sfof{Gjog txsf afwfx¿ / clwsf/ tyf ;dGjogdf b]vf kg]{ bf]xf]/fkgfnfO{
x6fpg cGt/ ljefuLo tyf cGt/ dGqfno ;dGjo 7Ls ;dodf / kof{Kt
dfqfdf gePsf] kfOof] . cGo dGqfno tyf ljefu;Fu lgsf;f tyf :jLs[lt
lng' kg]{ of]hgf -sfo{qmd_ :jLs[t ug]{ k|ls|of nfdf] ePaf6 cfof]hgf
sfof{Gjog l9nf] ePsf] 5 . lhDd]jf/Lsf] :ki6 afF8kmfF8 tyf cf}krfl/s
;/;Nnfxsf] k|ls|ofn] o:tf ;d:of sd ug{ w]/} ;xof]u ub{5 .

ljutsf cfof]hgf sfof{Gjogaf6 kf7 l;Sg] / rfn' k|ls|ofdf ;'wf/ ug]{
vfnsf] cfGtl/s jf :jd"NofÍg k4lt, h;af6 sfo{If]qdf x'g] jftfj/0fLo
tyf ;fdflhs IfltnfO{ ;Ifd 9Ëaf6 ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsg] tyf Go"gLs/0f ug{
;lsg] x'G5, To:tf] k4ltsf] cefj /x]sf] jf k4lt sdhf]/ /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

!)=#=$ sd{rf/L tyf ef}lts ;'ljwf Joj:yfkg txdf klxrfg ePsf] ljz]if
d'2fx¿÷;d:ofx¿ M

of]÷OsfO{ jf/Djf/ e}/xg] g]t[Tj kl/jt{gaf6 kLl8t 5 kl/0ffd:j¿k sltko
cj:yfdf z'¿ ePsf] sfddf lg/Gt/tf gx'g] u/]sf] 5 . ljut @ aif{df o;
OsfO{df rf/hgf k|d'v eP . o;sf] k|d'v sf/0f ;fj{hlgs If]qdf ljBdfg
dfgj ;+;fwg -sd{rf/L k|zf;g_ Joj:yfsf] sdhf]/L / ljefusf] b}lgs
lqmofsnfkdf cgfjZos jfXo x:tIf]k xf] . ;a} ;fj{hlgs If]qsf ;+:yfx¿
o; k|sf/sf] ;d:ofaf6 kLl8t /x]sf] b]lvG5, h'g ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg of t
;fj{hlgs If]qsf] ;du| ;'wf/ of ljBdfg ;fj{hlgs If]qsf ;d:ofx¿af6
d'Qm e} ;+rfng x'g ;Sg] ;8s k|lti7fgsf] u7g xf] .

o; OsfO{df sfo{/t /xFbf w]/} hgf OlGhlgo/x¿n] j}b]lzs tflnd k|fKt u/] .
t/ tflnd kl5 o; OsfO{df sf]xL klg a;]g h;n] ubf{ tflndsf ;a}
k|of;x¿ Joy{ eP .

tYofÍ ljZn]if0f tyf of]hgf th'{dfsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;e]{If0fsf] sfd ug]{
bIftf / ljz]if1tf GESU sf sd{rf/Lx¿df ePsf] kfOPg .

;8s ljefu cGtu{t ;8s lgdf{0f, :t/f]Gglt tyf dd{t ;+ef/
lqmofsnfkx¿df ePsf] a[l4n] jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs If]qsf sfo{x¿sf]
kl/df0fdf klg a[l4 ePsf] 5 t/ o;sf] cg'kftdf o:tf] yk ePsf] sfo{
af]´sf] Joj:yfkg ug{ ;Sg] u/L o; OsfO{sf] Ifdtfclea[l4 x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .

;8s cfof]hgfx¿sf ;Dk"0f{ ;fdflhs kIfx¿ -h:t} – cfjZostfg';f/
k'gjf{; sfo{of]hgfsf] tof/L_ h:tf] t'ngfTds ¿kn] gofF lhDd]jf/L jxg ug'{
kg]{ eP tfklg o; OsfO{df To:tf sfo{¿ ;Dkfbg ug{ cfjZos sd{rf/L,
tflnd ;fdu|L tyf lgb]{lzsfx¿sf] cefj b]lvG5 . jl/i7 ;fdflhs ljz]if1sf]
:yfoL kbsf] k|fjwfg geP;Dd ESMF sf] sfof{Gjog, of]hgf th'{df b]lv
cg'udgsf r/0f;Ddsf k|ls|ofx¿nfO{ ;+:yfut ug{ / xfn rfn" /x]sf tyf
ljutdf ;DkÌ ePsf cfof]hgfx¿af6 l;s]sf lnlka4 ul/Psf kf7x¿
;kmntfk"j{s cfTd;ft ug]{ laifodf w]/} sdLsdhf]/Lx¿ b]lvg] 5g\ .

kmfNu'0f @)^% cWofo !)– 7

 jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs Joj:yfkg ;+/rgf

o; OsfO{df sfo{/t k|dv ' kbflwsf/L tyf OlGhlgo/x¿n] ;fdflhs tyf

jftfj/0fLo ljifox¿sf] kof{Kt tflnd kfPsf 5}gg\ . k/fdz{bftfn] tof/
u/]sf] cfof]hgf ;DaGwL b:tfj]hx¿ -jftfj/0fLo tyf ;fdflhs d"NofÍg
;DaGwL cWoog_ sf] ;dLIff jf d"NofÍg ug]{ s'g} ljz]if1 o; OsfO{df kfpg
d'l:sn 5 . ljutdf s}og aif{ nufP/ ;fdflhs tyf jftfj/0fLo ljifox¿df
tflnd lbOPsf] @$* hgf clwsf/L tyf OlGhlgo/x¿ dWo] s;}sf] klg o;
OsfO{n] k|of]u ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf 5}g .

xfn rfn' /x]sf tyf cfufdL lbgdf ;Dkfbg ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x¿sf nflu ljz]if1
tyf bIf hgzlQmsf] cToGt sdL o; OsfO{n] xfn ef]uL /fv]sf] 5 -o; SRN
sfo{qmd Pp6}n] ;8s ljefu÷GESU sf] tkm{af6 !% j6f IEE / Pp6f EIA
sf] b:tfj]h h;sf] ;dLIff / /fo ;'´fj lbP/ o;nfO{ clGtd ¿k lbO{ qmdzM
ef}lts of]hgf tyf lgdf{0f dGqfno / jftfj/0f, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfnodf
a'´fpg' kb{5 – o;sf nflu cfufdL ^ dlxgf;Ddsf] ;dofjlwleq s8f
kl/>d ug'{ kg]{ x'G5, To;sf nflu dfq bIf tyf cfjZos sd{rf/Lx¿
OsfO{df pknAw x'g' k5{_

o:tf OsfO{sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;'wf/sf nflu k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] /÷jf jfXo
k/fdz{bftf tyf 7]s]bf/sf] ;]jf k|fKt ug{sf nflu k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] o; OsfO{
cGtu{t 5'§} cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg 8]:s jf zfvfsf] Joj:yf 5}g .

pTk|]/0ffsf] cefjn] sd{rf/Lsf] ls|ofzLntf / k|ltj4tfdf k|lts"n c;/
k/]sf]5 .

!)=#=% k|ls|ofut txdf klxrfg ul/Psf ljz]if d'2fx¿÷;d:ofx¿ M

OsfO{ leqsf] Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnL -MIS_ lgdf{0f ug]{ / 8f6f j]; tof/
ug{sf nflu cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf; zfvf -R&D_ df s'g} klg k|0ffnL
ljZn]ifs -System Analyst_ 5}gg\ . o;n] ubf{ tYofÍnfO{ Jojl:yt u/]/
km/flsnf] If]q -j[xQ/ If]q_ df ;Dk|]if0f ug{ c;+ej x'G5 .

bIf k|fljlws sd{rf/Lsf] sdLn] ubf{ ;8s ljefu cfkm}n] cfof]hgf k|:tfjx¿,
IEE/EIA k|ltj]bgx¿nfO{ cufl8 a9fpg nfdf] ;do lng] ub{5 .

;8s ljefu ljleÌ jftfj/0fLo sfg"g, lgb]{zg, xft] k'l:tsf cflbaf6 ;DkÌ
5 t/ logLx¿sf] k|of]u xr'jf ¿kdf dfq x'G5 .

sfo{ If]qdf ah]6, ef}lts ;'ljwf tyf ljz]if1x¿sf] cefjn] ubf{ jftfj/0f
k/LIf0f slxn] sfxL+ dfq ul/G5 .

l/km|]G; Dofg'cnsf] k|of]u l8hfOg tyf sfof{Gjogsf] r/0fdf x'G5 . t/ of]
Dofg'ondf Ifltk"lt{sf nflu bft[lgsfon] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] dfkb08 k"/f ug]{ u/L
sfg"gL ;+/rgf /x]sf] b]lvGg .

Go"g ah]6 tyf cfjZos ;fdu|L tyf ;'ljwfsf] cefjn] OsfO{sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg
/ tf]lsPsf] lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug]{ Ifdtf dfly k|lts"n k|efj kfb{5 .

!)=$ lgisif{ M
gLlt lgdf{0fstf{ tyf cfof]hgfsf/x¿ g]kfnsf] ;8s cfof]hgfx¿sf dxTjk"0f{
gs/fTds tyf ;sf/fTds jftfj/0fLo / ;fdflhs k|efjx¿ k|lt w]/} hfgsf/ e}/x]sf
kmfNu'0f @)^% cWofo !)– 8
 jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs Joj:yfkg ;+/rgf

5g\ . kl/0ffd :j¿k, ;8ssf] of]hgf th'{df tyf Joj:yfkgdf Wofg lbg' kg]{
jftfj/0fLo tyf ;fdflhs If]qsf laifox¿, k|ljlw tyf bIftfnfO{ ;dfj]z ug'{
cfjZos x'G5 eGg] s'/f klxrfg e};s]sf] 5 . o:tf] r]tgf vf;u/L ;8s ljefusf
gLlt lgdf{tf tyf cfof]hgfsf/x¿ df´ a9L 5 . ;8s ljefuleq /x]sf] o:tf]
hfgsf/L / bft[ lgsfo tyf tL cGtu{tsf ;+:yfn] o; laifodf b]vfPsf] rf;f]n] g}
;8s ljefu cGtu{tsf ;8s cfof]hgfx¿df jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs ljifox¿sf]
;DaGwdf xfn ul/Psf] o; cWoogsf] k|f/De u/]sf] 5 . t/ ;8s ljefusf] jt{dfg
:j¿k o:tf d'2fx¿ ;+af]wg ug{sf nflu ;|f]t tyf ;+rfngsf nflu cfjZos kg]{
:jfoQtfsf] b[li6sf]0fn] ckof{Kt 5 .

;+:yfut tyf JolQmut b'j} txdf GESU sf] Ifdtfsf] k|f/lDes d"NofÍgn] o;
laifo;Fu ;DalGwt cGo lgsfox¿;+u k|efjsf/L ¿kn] ;dGjo ug]{ tyf ;8s
cfof]hgfx¿sf ;fdflhs tyf jftfj/0fLo d'2fx¿ ;Daf]wg ug]{ OsfO{sf] Ifdtfdf
cGtlg{lxt sdhf]/L /x]sf] b]vfPsf] 5 . ;DalGwt k|ltlglwx¿;+usf] 5nkmn tyf
cWoogsf] kl/0ffdn] Ps hgf OsfO{ k|d'v / @ hgf OlGhlgo/x¿ /x]sf] xfnsf]
GESU sf] ;+/rgf ;8s cfof]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogaf6 x'g] j}slNks -uf}0f_+ k|efjx¿nfO{
Jojl:yt ug]{ jf Go"gLs/0f ug]{ kl/k|]Iodf Hofb} sd ;Ifd /x]sf] s'/f b]vfPsf] 5 .

xfnsf lgisif{x¿ tn pNn]v eP jdf]lhd 5g\ M

-!_ ;+:yfut tyf ;+u7gfTds txdf x]bf{ ;8s ljefu tyf cGo lgsfox¿sf] gLlt
lgdf{0f tyf sfof{Gjog k|s[ofdf GESU sf] x}l;ot ko{j]Ifssf] ¿kdf dfq
/x]sf] 5 . t;y{ k|efjsf/L ¿kn] ;dGjo ug]{ o;sf] clwsf/ Hofb} ;Lldt 5 .

-@_ ;8s ljsf; cfof]hgfx¿;+u hf]l8Psf w]/} h;f] ;fdflhs d'2fx¿sf] Joj:yf
ug{ GESU sf] jt{dfg :j¿k Hofb} sd dfqfdf ;Ifd 5 lsgeg] o; cGtu{t
g t s'g} ;fdflhs 8]:s 5, g cfjZos sd{rf/L tyf ah]6 g} 5 .

-#_ o; OsfO{sf] jftfj/0fLo 8]:sdf rfn' /x]sf ;8s ljsf; ;DaGwL

cfof]hgfx¿sf] ;'k/Lj]If0f ug]{ tyf kl/kfngf cg'udg ug]{ Ifdtf 5}g .

-$_ OsfO{;+u cfjZos ;|f]t 5}g eg] of] OsfO{ ckof{Kt tyf cg'dfg ug{ g;lsg]
vfnsf] ah]6sf] cj:yfaf6 kLl8t 5 . kl/0ffd :j¿k o;n] tf]lsPsf] sfo{x¿
;Gtf]ifhgs ¿kn] ;DkÌ ug{, ck]lIft tj/n] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ / o;} sf/0fn]
7Ls dfqfdf ck]lIft ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ u/L ;Dkfbg ug{ c;Ifd /x]sf]5 .

-%_ JolQmut txdf -hgzlQmsf lx;fan]+_ x]bf{ of] OsfO{ h}ljs OlGhlgol/Ësf]
tflndaf6 nfeflGjt ePsf] 5 . o; laifosf] tflnd lnPsf OlGhlgo/x¿
/fhdfu{sf ;nfdL -Slope_ nfO{ l:y/Ls/0f u/fpg] tyf ;+/If0f ug]{ sfo{ ug{
;kmn ePsf 5g\ . tyflk, jftfj/0fLo tyf ;fdflhs d"NofÍgsf] If]qdf
cfjZos kg]{ ljz]if1 tyf bIf hgzlQm, o; dfly klg IEE / EIAs sf] pko'Qm
tj/n] ;dLIff ug]{ tyf tof/L ug]{ hgzlQm o; OsfO{df pknAw 5}gg\ .
kmfNu'0f @)^% cWofo !)– 9
 jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs Joj:yfkg ;+/rgf

-^_ xfn e}/x]sf sd{rf/Lx¿df cfjZos ;'ljwf tyf pTk|]/0ffsf] ckof{Kttfn] ubf{
sfd u/]sf] >]o gkfpg] tyf sfdsf] d"NofÍg gx'g] 7flgPsf] o; sfo{sf]
;+rfng ug]{ hfFu/ b]lvb}g . kl/0ffd :j¿k, ;fdflhs tyf jftfj/0fLo If]qdf
tflnd kfPsf ljz]if1x¿nfO{ hf]ufO{ /fVg of] OsfO{ c;kmn ePsf]5 .

!)=% GESU sf] ;+:yfut Ifdtf clea[l4sf nflu l;kmfl/zx¿ M

;8s cfof]hgfx¿sf] nflu pko'Qm jftfj/0fLo tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf pkfox¿
sfof{Gjog ug]{ Ifdtfdf b]lvPsf sdhf]/Lx¿ sdhf]/ k|fljlws Ifdtf, ckof{Kt ;|f]t
lu/]sf] dgf]jn, P]g lgodx¿ /fd|/L nfu' ug{ g;Sg' tyf cg'udgsf] sdhf]/Lsf]
;+o'Qm kl/0ffd xf] . tyflk, oL sdL sdhf]/Lx¿ o:tf] dxTjk"0f{ sfo{sf nflu xfn
;+nUg /x]sf ljleÌ lgsfox¿ aLr ;dGjosf] cg'ko'Qm Joj:yfaf6 knfPsf x'g\ .
ha;Dd o:tf jfXo sdhf]/Lx¿sf] pko'Qm tj/n] ;Daf]wg x'b}g, cfˆgf] cfGtl/s
Ifdtf kof{Kt dfqfdf eP klg ;8s ljefusf] GESU n] cfˆgf sfo{x¿ pko'Qm
9Ëaf6 ;Dkfbg ug{ ;Sb}g .

t;y{ oL l;kmfl/zx¿n] ;8s ljefusf] e"–jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs OsfO{ -GESU_

sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf kg]{ cfGtl/s -;+u7gfTds l;kmfl/;x¿åf/f_ / afXo -;+:yfut
l;kmfl/zåf/f_ b'j} lsl;dsf afwf AoawfgnfO{ ;Daf]wg u/]sf] 5 .

!)=%=! sfo{ k4ltsf] dfkb08 tof/ ug]{ M

g]kfnsf ;8s cfof]hgfx¿;+u hf]l8Psf] jftfj/0fLo tyf ;fdflhs If]qsf
sfo{x¿sf] sfo{qmd agfpg], sfof{Gjog ug]{ tyf o; laifo;Fu ;DalGwt P]g lgodsf
k|fjwfg nfu" u/fpg] sfddf ;+nUg ;+:yfx¿sf] e"ldsf, lhDd]jf/L tyf k|To]ssf] sfo{
ljj/0fdf :ki6tf cfjZos 5 . cfˆgf] sfo{x¿ cGo ;+:yfsf] sfo{;+u gbf]xl/g] ug{ /
ltgnfO{ k|efjsf/L 9Ëaf6 ;+rfng ug{ oL ;+:yfx¿sf] sfddf o:tf] :ki6tf cfjZos
ePsf] xf] . o;n] ubf{ k|ltj]bg ug'{sf] p2]Zo c´} :ki6 x'g hfg] / cg'udg, k/LIf0f
tyf ;d:of klxrfgsf sfd c´ a9L ;/n x'g hfg] -;Lw} cufl8 a9\g]_ x'G5 . d'Vo
u/L oL ;a} Joj:yfn] jftfj/0fLo tyf ;fdflhs gLlt tyf dfkb08x¿sf] c´a9L
k|efjsf/L ¿kdf sfof{Gjog ug{ tyf nfu" u/fpg] sfddf klg kmfObf k'U5 . xfnsf]
cj:yfdf o:tf ;+:yfut :ki6tf tyf :ki6 ls6fg ul/Psf] lhDd]jf/Lsf] cefj 5,
kl/0ffd :j¿k, lgdf{0f k|ls|of ;':t, af]l´nf] / k|zf;lgs b[li6sf]0fn] ´+´l6nf] 5,
;d:ofsf] klxrfg -;fy} lg/fs/0f_ ufxf/f] 5 tyf sd{rf/Ldf pQ/bfloTj jxg ug]{
afgL k/]sf] 5}g, k|ltj]bg k|:t't ug]{ tyf k/LIf0f Joj:yf -jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f_
sdhf]/ 5 . o:tf ljBdfg ;+:yfut sdhf]/Lx¿ x6fpg b]xfo jdf]lhdsf
l;kmfl/zx¿ ul/Psf 5g\ M
-!_ jftfj/0f dGqfnon] jftfj/0f÷;fdflhs kIfsf lgodx¿ tyf dGqfnosf]
cfGtl/s lgodx¿sf] dfkb08 :yflkt ug'{ k5{ . logLx¿ :ki6 x'g'kb{5 / o;df
cfof]hgf t}of/L, ;'k/Lj]If0f tyf k|ltj]bgsf nflu cfjZos laifox¿ ltgsf]
lj:t[t ljj/0f ;lxt ;dfj]z x'g' kb{5 -s'g ;"rgf pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ xf] To;

kmfNu'0f @)^% cWofo !)– 10

 jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs Joj:yfkg ;+/rgf

laifosf] JofVof x'g' kg]{ gls s;/L sfo{ ;+rfng ug]{ laifosf], of] lhDd]jf/L
sfof{Gjog lgsfo cyf{t ;8s ljefu / GESU sf] x'G5_

-@_ jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs d"NofÍgsf ls|ofsnfkx¿ h;df cfwf/ /]vf ;DaGwL
;"rgf ;+sng ug]{ tl/sf, hLj–ef}lts tyf ;fdflhs tTjx¿ dfkb08 cg';f/
eP gePsf] gfKg] tl/sf -h'g jf:tjdf cfjZos 5_, h}ljs÷ef}lts / ;fdflhs
dfkb08, 3/w'/L ;j]{If0fsf] tYofÍnfO{ cflwsfl/s ¿k lbg] tl/sf, cg'udg
;"rsfÍ hfFr -¿h'_ ug]{ tl/sf, Ifltk"lt{sf] cfwf/x¿ / ;fj{hlgs 5nkmnsf
k|ls|ofx¿, u'gf;f] x]g]{ k4lt, n]vf k/LIf0f k4lt;Fu ;DalGwt cWoog tyf
;j]{If0f ug]{÷;+oGqsf] dfkb08 tof/ u/L To;nfO{ lj:tf/df AofVof ug'{
cfjZos 5 .

-#_ pko'Qm gLlt tyf dfkb08 lgwf{/0f ug{ s] s:tf pkfox¿ ;dfj]z ug'{ kb{5
To; af/] jftfj/0f lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfnon] jg ljefu tyf k'/ftTj
ljefu;Fu 5nkmn ug'{ kb{5 . tyflk of] sfo{sf] lhDd]jf/L ;Dk"0f{ ¿kdf
jftfj/0f, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfnosf] x'g'k5{ h;n] o;/L t}of/ ePsf gLlt
tyf dfkb08x¿ l:y/ tyf jf:tljstfdf cfwfl/t ePsf] ljZj:t u/fpg kb{5 .
o; laifodf Wofg lbg' kg{ ls oL dfkb08 tyf gLltx¿n] w]/} jf ;a} ;/sf/L
If]qx¿ cf]u6g ;s"g\ .

-$_ oL dfkb08 tyf gLltx¿sf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ lhDd]jf/L ;DalGwt sfof{Gjog

lgsfosf] x'g'kb{5, h:t} ;8s sfo{sf nflu ;8s ljefusf] . o; k|sf/
jftfj/0f, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfnon] lgwf{/0f u/]sf jftfj/0fLo tyf
;fdflhs gLltx¿sf], h'g ;8s cfof]hgf;+u ;DalGwt 5g\, pko'Qm 9Ën]
sfof{Gjog Pj+ nfu" ug]{ clGtd lhDd]jf/L ;8s ljefusf] x'g'kb{5 .

!)=%=@ lgoldt sfo{sf] sfo{ of]hgf tof/ ug]{ M

-%_ jftfj/0f, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfnon] nfu" u/]sf gLltx¿ tyf dfkb08x¿sf
cfwf/df ;8s ljefusf] pRr:t/Lo Joj:yfkgn] GESU sf] Joj:yfkgnfO{
cfufdL aif{sf nflu -;+ej eP c´ nfdf] cjlwsf nflu_ OsfO{af6 s] ck]Iff
ul/Psf] 5 eGg] s'/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' kb{5 .

-^_ o;sf] hjfkmsf] ¿kdf GESU sf] Joj:yfkgn] k|To]s cfly{s aif{sf] z'?df
OsfO{sf] aflif{s sfo{ of]hgf -sfo{qmd_ a'´fpg' kb{5, h;df nlIft p2]Zo
xfl;n ug{ cfufdL aif{sf nflu rflxg] ljz]if1, ef}lts ;|f]t tyf /sdsf af/]sf]
ljj/0f lj:t[t ¿kdf pNn]v x'g' kb{5 .

t;y{ oL of]hgfx¿df cfufdL cf=j=sf nflu sd{rf/Lsf] tflnd, hf]lvd

Joj:yfkg k4lt tyf OsfO{sf nflu cfjZos kg]{ gub k|jfxsf] cg'dfg cflbsf
k|:tfjx¿ ;dfj]z ePsf] x'g'kb{5 . of] sfo{ of]hgf -GESU / ;8s ljefusf

kmfNu'0f @)^% cWofo !)– 11

 jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs Joj:yfkg ;+/rgf

Joj:yfksx¿aLr 5nkmn ul/Psf]_ :jLs[t ug'{kb{5 / o;sf cfwf/df k|To]ssf]

bfloTj af/] :ki6 ¿kn] JofVof ul/g' kb{5 .

!)=%=# :ki6 ¿kdf JofVof u/]/ lhDd]jf/L afF8kmfF8 ug]{ M

-&_ ;8s ljefuleqsf] lhDd]jf/Lsf] xsdf ljefusf] pRr Joj:yfkgn] ;Dk"0f{
cfof]hgfx¿sf jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs kIfx¿sf lhDd]jf/Lx¿ GESU
-;DalGwt OsfO{ ePsf]n]_ nfO{ k"0f{ ¿kdf lhDdf nufpg' kb{5 . OsfO{ k|d'v
ljefusf tkm{af6 OsfO{sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf nflu lhDd]jf/ x'gsf ;fy} ;8s
ljefusf jl/i7 Joj:yfksx¿ ;dIf OsfO{;Fu ;DalGwt k|ltj]bgx¿ a'´fpg]
Joj:yfsf nflu klg lhDd]jf/ x'G5 . Joj:yfksx¿n] k]z ug]{ k|ltj]bgdf s]
s:tf] ;"rgf ;+lIfKt ¿kdf /xg' k5{ / s] s:tf] 9fFrfsf] kmf/fddf o:tf]
k|ltj]bgdf k]z ug'{ kg]{ xf] :ki6 u/L lbg' kb{5 .

-*_ o;sf ;fy}, ;8s ljefusf] pRr Joj:yfksx¿n] :jLs[t sfo{ of]hgfsf
cfwf/df afF8kmfF8 ul/Psf ;|f]tx¿ k"/} / ;dodf g} pknAw u/fpg] s'/fsf]
ljZjf; lbnfpg' kb{5 . OsfO{ k|d'vn] lgoldt ¿kdf a'´fPsf] k|ltj]bgåf/f o;
laifosf] bIf lgo'lQm u/]/ / :jtGq / lgikIf ¿kdf ul/Psf] jftfj/0f tyf
;fdflhs k/LIf0fåf/f ;8s ljefusf pRr Joj:yfkgx¿n] OsfO{sf] sfo{
;Dkfbgsf] cg'udg ug'{ kb{5 .

-(_ OsfO{sf] p2]Zo xfl;n ug{sf nflu OsfO{ k|d'vn] OsfO{sf nflu pknAw ePsf]
;|f]t OsfO{ cGtu{tsf sfdsf nflu cfjZostf x]/L pko'Qm tl/sfaf6 afF8kmfF8
u/]/ cfˆgf] lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug'{ k5{ . o;sf nflu logLx¿nfO{ c´ a9L
Joj:yfklso tyf sfof{Gjogsf] :jfottf k|bfg ug'{ kb{5 . ;8s ljefusf
Joj:yfksx¿n] nfu" u/]sf] 9fFrfdf lgoldt tyf ;doa4 ¿kdf OsfO{sf] sfo{
;Dkfbgsf] k|ltj]bgx¿ logLx¿n] a'´fpg' kb{5 .

-!)_ cfkm"nfO{ tf]lsPsf] t/ lkmN8 n]ensf] sfo{x¿ ;dkfbg ug{, GESU n] cfˆgf]
clwsf/x¿ ;'k/Lj]If0f ug]{ OlGhlgo/x¿nfO{ k|Tofof]hg ug'{kb{5, / o;/L
clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg ubf{ p;sf jftfj/0fLo tyf ;fdflhs bfloTjx¿ s] s] x'g\
-cGo sfo{ ;+rfngsf zt{x¿ ;d]t_ :ki6 ¿kdf pNn]v ug'{ k5{ . o; lsl;dsf
zt{ cGtu{t :yfgLo lgosfx¿nfO{ sfddf ;+nUg u/fpg] ljifox¿ kb{5g\ . oL
zt{x¿ 7]Ssfk§fsf sfuhftdf lj:t[t ¿kdf /flvg' kb{5 .

-!!_ lghL If]qsf 7]s]bf/x¿nfO{ ;+nUg u/fO{ >ddf cfwfl/t k|ljlw ckgfP/ r/0f
r/0f u/]/ lgdf{0f k"/f ug]{ u/L cl3 a9g] ;8s ljefusf] gLlt xf] . olb >ddf
cfwfl/t lgdf{0f k4lt ckgfOg] xf] eg] :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno cGtu{tsf
uf=lj=;=, lh=lj=;= h:tf :yfgLo lgsfosf] e"ldsf a9L x'g] ePsf]n] tb\cg'¿k
g} zt{x¿ lgwf{/0f x'g' kb{5 . :yfgLo lgsfox¿;+usf] glhssf] ;dGjoaf6
:yfgLo ;d'bfosf] kl/rfng vf;u/L h}ljs OlGhlgol/Ë sfo{x¿, Ifltk"lt{sf]
¿kdf ul/g] j[Iff/f]k0f tyf ;f]xL cg'¿ lj¿jfx¿ :ofxf/df ;xof]u k'U5 . olb
kmfNu'0f @)^% cWofo !)– 12
 jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs Joj:yfkg ;+/rgf

;fgf shf{, ;xsf/L, bIftf clea[l4 tflnd h:tf ;fdflhs cfly{s If]qsf
sfo{x¿nfO{ a9fjf lbg], sfof{Gjog ug]{ / cfof]hgf ;+rfng ;DkÌ ePkl5 Ps
pko'Qm cjlw;Ddsf nflu lbuf] /fVg] xf] eg] lh=lj=;=x¿;+u yk ;dGjosf]
cfjZostf kb{5 .

-!@_ vf; u/L :yfgLo ;d'bfox¿sf] ;xof]u k|fKt ug{, To;af6 cg'udg u/fpg jf
k"/s ;xof]uL sfo{qmdx¿ ;+rfng ug]{ kl/k|]Iodf hxfF ;Dej x'G5, :yfgLo
;8s pkef]Qmf ;ldltx¿, lhNnf ;8s lgdf{0f ;ldltx¿ jf u|fdL0f ;8s
lgdf{0f ;ldltx¿sf] u7g ug]{ s'/fnfO{ Wofg lbg' kb{5 .

!)=%=$ cGt/ lgsfo ;dGjo a9fpg]÷k|a4{g M

-!#_ of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] k|efjsfl/tfnfO{ ;du| ¿kdf clea[l4 ug{ GESU / ;8s
ljefu tyf ES / ef}lts of]hgf tyf lgdf{0f dGqfnoaLr 3lgi7 ¿kdf ;dGjo
x'g' k5{ . cflwsfl/s ¿kdf :ki6 u/L lhDd]jf/L tf]s]/ Pp6f :yfoL ;+/rgf oL
b'j} OsfO{aLr v8f ug'{ kb{5 . o;/L v8f ul/Psf] ;+/rgfn] s'g} klg ;dLIff
sfo{x¿, l6Kk0fLx¿ tyf :jLs[lt lbg] sfd ub{5 . jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g -@)%#_
df pNn]v ePsf k|fjwfgx¿sf jfjh'b, IEE sf] clGtd k|ltj]bg :jLs[lt ug'{
cl3 / EIA k|ltj]bgx¿ jftfj/0f, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfnodf k7fpg' cl3
GESU ;8s ljefu æk|:tfjsÆ / ef}lts of]hgf tyf lgdf{0f dGqfno
æ;DalGwt lgsfoÆ e} ;+o'Qm ¿kdf ;dLIff ugf{n] EA cWoogx¿nfO{ clGtd ¿k
lbg nfUg] ;do, >d tyf ;|f]tx¿nfO{ clwstd ¿kn] arfpg ;lsG5 .

-!$_ olb >dd"ns k4lt ckgfP/ cfof]hgfx¿ ;+rfng ul/g] xf] eg] :yfgLo
lgsfox¿ tyf cfof]hgf Joj:yfkgaLr lhNnf ;8s sfof{no dfkm{t glhssf]
;dGjo /xg' clt g} cfjZos x'G5 . olb ;fdflhs cfly{s clea[l4sf sfo{qmd
klg ;8s cfof]hgf cGtu{t ;+rfng ug'{ k5{ eg] of] ;dGjo ´g\ ;fGble{s
x'G5 . o:tf ;fdflhs cfly{s clea[l4 sfo{qmdnfO{ lbuf] agfpg eljiodf x'g
;Sg] cgfjZos bfjLx¿nfO{ x6fpg] u/L :ki6 ;do tflnsf tyf e'QmfgLsf
zt{x¿ /fVg cfjZos x'G5 .

-!%_ ;8ssf of]hgfx¿ tyf jg ljefuaLr ;+:yfut ¿kdf ;DaGw klg Pp6f
dxTjk"0f{ d'2f xf], vf; u/L ha ;8s ;+/lIft jg, cf/If If]qx¿, /fli6«o
lgs'~hx¿, l;d;f/ If]q glhsaf6 hfG5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf jg ;Dkbfdf kg{
;Sg] k|efjsf] dfqf b[li6ut ubf{ IEE k|ltj]bgnfO{ clGtd ¿k lbg] / EIA
;DalGwt sfuhftx¿nfO{ jftfj/0f, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfnodf k7fpgsf]
nflu GESU / ;8s ljefu / ES / ef}lts of]hgf tyf lgdf{0f dGqfno aLr
v8f ul/Psf] ;+/rgfdf jg ljefusf k|ltlglwx¿nfO{ ko{j]Ifssf] ¿kdf cfdGq0f
ug{ ;lsG5 .

-!^_ vf; u/L k'gjf{; sfo{of]hgf tof/ ug{ tyf sfof{Gjo ug{ cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg
sfof{no÷;8s ljefu tyf lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no / ;DalGwt lhNnfsf]
kmfNu'0f @)^% cWofo !)– 13
 jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs Joj:yfkg ;+/rgf

dfnkf]t sfof{nosf k|d'v tyf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf :yfgLo ljsf;

clwsf/L;Fu ;+:yfut ;DaGw cfjZos kb{5 . hUuf / ;DklQsf] Ifltk"lt{sf] b/
lgwf{/0f ug{ tyf To;sf] sfof{Gjog k|s[of :jLs[t ug{ dfly pNn]v ePsf
clwsf/Lx¿ ;+nUg /x]sf] Pp6f Ifltk"lt{ lgwf{/0f ;ldlt u7g ug'{ kb{5 . oL
clws[tx¿ hUuf clwu|x0f, Ifltk"lt{ tyf k'g:yf{kgf;DaGwL laifodf kg]{
u'gf;fx¿ ;'N´fpg] sfddf klg ;xefuL x'G5g\ .

-!&_ s'g} ;fdflhs tgfj tyf ;d:ofx¿ ljgf cfof]hgfsf] ;xh sfof{Gjog ug{
cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg sfof{no / :yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿, u}/ ;/sf/L
;+:yfx¿÷;fd'bflos ;+:yfx¿aLr klg ;dGjo, ;xsfo{, u'gf;f] Joj:yfkgsf
nflu Pp6f ;+oGq tof/ ug{sf nflu klg ;+:yfut ;DaGw /xg' cfjZos x'G5 .

!)=%=% lghLIf]qsf] ;+nUgtfsf nflu u'0f:t/ lgoGq0f / u'0f:t/ sfod /fVg] laifo
;'lglZrt ug]{ / k|j4{g ug]{ M
;/sf/L If]q tyf lghLIf]qaLr ;dGjo, ;+hfn tyf ;';DaGwsf] ljsf;n] OsfO{sf]
sfo{;Dkfbg tyf ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ IfdtfnfO{ lj:tf/ ub{5, h;n] bL3{sfnLg ¿kdf
o;nfO{ ;+:yfut ug{ tyf :yfloTj lbg ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] 5 . cfof]hgf÷of]hgf
cGtutsf ljz]if sfo{qmdx¿ k|:tfljt k'gu{l7t OsfO{ -GESU_ n] k|fozM :yfgLo
k/fdz{bftfx¿ tyf of]hgfdf sfo{/t u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ dfkm{t aflx/af6 bIf
hgzlQmsf] Joj:yf u/]/ ;+rfng ug'{ kb{5 .

-!*_ aflx/af6 k/fdz{bftf lgo'Qm ug]{ -pbfx/0ffy{ jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs d"NofÍg
cWoogx¿_ / lgdf{0f sfo{sf nflu 7]s]bf/ lgo'Qm ug]{ s/f/sf] sfuhftsf] :t/
lgwf{/0f ug]{ / To;df kf/blz{tf tyf pQ/bfloTj dfkb08 klg lglZrt x'g'
kg]{5 . ljut aif{x¿df ljZjf;of]Uo tyf lhDd]jf/ elg k|dfl0ft ePsf jf o:t}
vfnsf cfof]hgfx¿df /fd|f] sfd u/]sf sDkgLx¿nfO{ dfq 7]Ssf k|bfg ug'{
kb{5 . o:tf 7]Ssfdf ;+nUg e}/xg] lghL If]qsf sDkgLx¿sf] tYofÍ ;fjwfgL
k"j{s d"NofÍg ug]{ Aoa:yf u/L M&S zfvfsf] -;+u7g tflnsf lrq !)=@ df_
8f6f a}+s cGtu{t /fVg' kb{5 .

-!(_ sfof{Gjog ul/g] ;a} sfo{x¿ v'nf 6]08/ k|ls|ofåf/f s/f/df k|bfg ug'{ kb{5 .
7]Ssf kfpg] k/fdz{bftfn] GESU sf] :jLs[lt lnP/ ;fj{hlgs ;/;Nnfxsf] If]q,
k'gjf{; k4lt, Ifltk"lt{ / jftfj/0fLo kIfsf] cfjZostfx¿nfO{ s]lGb|t u/]/ sfd
ug{ Pp6f ;ls|o u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfnfO{ cfj4 ug'{ kb{5 . k/fdz{bftfn] -/
;D´f}tf ul/Psf] NGO_ cg'/f]w cfPsf jdf]lhd ;"rgf k|jfx ug{sf nflu
hgr]tgfsf ;fdu|L / ;+lIfKt ljj/0f g]kfnL efiffdf tof/ ug'{ k5{ / ;"rgfx¿
;fj{hlgs ug]{ ;qx¿sf] ;+rfng cflb ug'{ kb{5 . ;+´f}tf ul/Psf ;a}
kIfx¿nfO{ tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf k|ltj]bg k]z ug{ tyf ;do tflnsfsf]÷sfo{
tflnsf cg';f/ sfd ug{ cg'/f]w ug'{ kb{5 .

kmfNu'0f @)^% cWofo !)– 14

 jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs Joj:yfkg ;+/rgf

-@)_ ;8s 5]psf jftfj/0fLo / ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf pkfox¿sf] sfof{Gjog ug]{

sfo{sf] cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg ;j{k|yd ;DalGwt sfof{Gjog lgsfo -d'Vo u/L
sfof{Gjog ug]{ u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿_ n] ug'{ kb{5, To;kl5 ;'kl/j]If0f ug]{
k/fdz{bftfn] ug'{ k5{ . ;f]xL ;dodf logLx¿sf] kf/blz{tf tyf pQ/bfloTjnfO{
lglZrt ug{ / cfof]hgfsf] k|efjsfl/tfsf] d"NofÍg ug{ GESU sf sd{rf/Lx¿
tf]lsPsf] If]qdf pkl:yt x'g ;Sg] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kb{5 .$

!)=%=^ ;'k/Lj]If0f tyf kl/kfngf k4lt cflwsfl/s agfpg] M

-@!_ o;} u/L cWoogsf] nflu lj:t[t jftfj/0fLo tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf laifodf
lgb]{lzsfx¿ tof/ ug{ o; OsfO{nfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg' kb{5 . o:tf] lgb]{lzsfsf
k|fjwfg ;8s ljefusf cfof]hgfx¿df sfd ug{ ;+´f}tf ug]{ ;a} kIfx¿n]
kfngf ug'{ kb{5 . OsfO{n] o:tf lgb]{lzsfx¿sf ljifoj:t' tyf efjgfx¿ 7]Ssf
sfuhftsf] sfo{ ;"rL -ToRs_ df pko'Qm tj/af6 k|ltljlDjt eP gePsf]
;'lglZrt ug'{ kb{5 . OsfO{n] 7]Ssf ul/Psf sfo{x¿sf] klxn] g} :jLs[t e};s]sf]
sfo{ tflnsf jdf]lhd ;'kl/j]If0f, cg'udg tyf k/LIf0f ug]{ sfddf ;3fp
k'¥ofpg pQm k|ls|ofsf] dfkb08 lgwf{/0f u/L To;nfO{ clwsfl/s agfpg' kb{5 .
o;/L ;+´f}tf ug]{ kIfx¿n] tf]lsPsf] dfkb08x¿ tyf gLltx¿ kfngf u/]
gu/]sf] lglZrt ug'{kb{5 . kl/kfngf gePsf] v08df s8fO{sf ;fy tf]lsP
adf]lhdsf] b08 ;hfo -7]Ssf sfuhftx¿df pNn]v ePsf]_ ug'{ kb{5 .

!)=%=& ;Lk ljsf;sf nflu ;+:yfut tflnd ;+rfng ug]{ M

-@@_ SRN sfo{qmdsf nflu tof/ ul/Psf] tflnd df]8o"n cg'¿k z'¿sf] cj:yfdf
Pp6f tflnd of]hgf ;+rfng ug'{kb{5 . k|fyldstfdf k/]sf tflnd
df]8o"nx¿nfO{ ;8s ljefusf] cfGtl/s kf7\oqmdsf] ¿kdf ;+rfng ug'{kb{5 .
h:t} -s_ jftfj/0fLo tyf ;fdflhs d"NofÍg cWoogsf nflu ;Lk ljsf;
tflnd -v_ g]kfnL cj:yf ;'xfpFbf] ;8s lgdf{0fdf /fd|f] cEof;;DaGwL ;+lxtf
af/] tflnd, -u_ lghL If]qaf6 ;]jfx¿ v/Lbsf nflu vl/b tyf u'0f:t/ lgoGq0f
;DaGwL tflnd tyf -3_ ;8s ljsf; sfo{qmdx¿df jftfj/0fLo tyf ;fdflhs
;'/Iffsf ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt dfly pNn]v ePsf laifodf tflnd lbg] k|lzIfs
tof/ kfg{ k|lzIfs tflnd ;8s ljefusf 5flgPsf s]xL sd{rf/Lx¿ -o;df
GESU sf ;a} sd{rf/L kb{5g\, tL ;d]t_ tyf ef}lts of]hgf tyf lgdf{0f
dGqfno, jftfj/0f, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfno tyf cGo o; laifosf sfo{ut
lgsfox¿sf nflu tflndsf] ¿k/]vf tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . lghL If]qaf6 5gf}6
ePsf k|ltlglwx¿nfO{ klg o; tflnddf ;dfj]z ug{ ;lsG5 .

-@#_ ljz]if ¿kn] cfjZostf k/]df ;8s ljsf; sfo{qmdx¿;+u ;DalGwt EA

cWoogx¿sf] ;dLIff tyf :jLs[ltsf] sfo{df ;+nUg x'g] ef}lts of]hgf tyf
lgdf{0f dGqfnosf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ ;dfj]z u/]/ Pp6f o;} k|sf/sf] ;+:yfut
$
bft[ lgsfox¿n] cfˆg} tkm{af6 cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg u/fP/ ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] u'gf;f] ;'Gg]
sfd ug{ yfNb5g\ . cfjZos k/]df pgLx¿n] cfof]hgfsf] k|efjsfl/tf d"NofÍg ug{ cfof]hgf ;DkÌ
ePsf] @÷# aif{ kl5 :jtGq / lgikIf cg'udgstf{ / d"NofÍgstf{ lgo'Qm ug{ ;S5g\ .
kmfNu'0f @)^% cWofo !)– 15
 jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs Joj:yfkg ;+/rgf

;'b[9Ls/0f sfo{qmd -tflnd sfo{qmd_ ;+rfng ug{ ;lsG5 . xfnsf] Joj:yf

cg';f/ ef}lts of]hgf tyf lgdf{0f dGqfnosf] jftfj/0f zfvf -ES/MOPPW_
nfO{ SRN cGtu{tsf ;8s cfof]hgfsf] IEE cWoogsf] sfo{ ;"rL -TOR_ sf]
;dLIff tyf :jLs[t ug]{ / ;8s cfof]hgfx¿ -SRN_ sf] cfO=O=O= cWoogsf]
clGtd k|ltj]bg :jLs[t ug]{ clwsf/ lbOPsf] 5 . ltgLx¿nfO{ SRN cGtu{tsf
;8sx¿df ul/g] EIA cWoogsf] sfo{If]q lgwf{/0f, If]q lgwf{/0f sfuhft,
sfo{;"rL -TOR_ tyf EIA k|ltj]bg :jLs[ltsf nflu jftfj/0f, lj1fg tyf
k|ljlw dGqfnodf k7fpg] clwsf/ klg k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . o; k|sf/,
ES/MOPPW tyf GESU aLr glhssf] ;DaGw :yfkgf ul/Psf]5 . tyflk EA
cWoogsf] ;dLIff tyf :jLs[ltsf] k|ls|ofdf pRrtd bIftf xfl;n ug{sf nflu
glhssf] ;dGjo agfO{ /fVg s'g} o:tf] :yfoL ;+:yfut k|0ffnL v8f ul/Psf] 5}g
. o;y{ ef}lts of]hgf tyf lgdf{0f dGqfnosf jftfj/0fLo tyf ;fdflhs
d"NofÍgsf b:tfj]hsf] ;dLIff sfo{x¿df ;+nUg x'g] sd{rf/LnfO{ 5fg]/ o:tf]
sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z u/fpg l;kmfl/z ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} o:tf ;dLIff
sfo{x¿sf laifodf tflnd k|fKt sd{rf/Lx¿ cfufdL ;dodf klg To;} sfddf
nflu /xg] laifonfO{ ;'lglZrt ug}{ kb{5 .

!)=%=* e"–jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs OsfO{sf] k'g{u7g ug]{ M

GESU leqsf] lhDd]jf/Lx¿ -dfly tf]lsP h:t}_ ;Ifd tyf k|efjsf/L 9Ën] k"/f ug{
b]xfosf l;kmfl/zx¿ ul/Psf 5g\ . OsfO{sf] ;+/rgf tnsf] lrq !)=@ df b]vfP h:t}
x'g'kb{5 .

o; OsfO{sf] k|d'v l8lehgn OlGhlgo/ bhf{sf] Pp6f jftfj/0f -l;len_ OlGhlgo/

x'g'kb{5, h;sf] kbfjlw ;f] OsfO{df sDtLdf tLg aif{sf] x'g'kb{5 . of] Joj:yfksdf
k|fljlws tyf jftfj/0fLo b'j} vfnsf] of]Uotfsf] ld>0f ePsf] JolQm /fVgsf nflu
l;kmfl/z ul/G5 . p÷pgLnfO{ ;fj{hlgs jf lghL If]q dWo], hxfF ;a}eGbf /fd|f] JolQm
pknAw x'g ;S5g\, ToxfFaf6 lng' kb{5 .

k'gu{7g ul/Psf] o'lg6sf] ;+/rgf o;} ¿kdf kl5;Dd /xf];\ eGg] Wo]o tyf o;sf]
lbuf]kgfnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu o; kbnfO{ bL3{sfnLg ¿ksf] k]zf ut bIftfsf]
kbsf] ¿kdf l;h{gf ug{ cToGt h¿/L 5 . tyflk p÷pgLsf] kb :yfoL k|s[ltsf] x'g'
x'Fb}g, olb cfˆgf] lhDd]jf/L lgjf{x ug{ ;s]g eg] ;8s ljefusf] pRr Joj:yfkgn]
p;nfO{ x6fpg -;8s ljefusf cGo sd{rf/Lx¿ ;/x_ ;Sg' k5{ . k]zfut bIftf
tyf pTk|]/0ff pko'Qm tj/n] ;'lglZrt ug{ tyf OsfO{sf d'Vo d'Vo sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{
OsfO{leq sfod /fVg, o;/L lgo'Qm x'g] JolQmn] ;8s ljefusf] pRr Joj:yfkgn]
tf]s]sf] ;]jfsf zt{x¿ tyf kfl/>lds kfpg kb{5 / Tof] lghL If]qdf pknAw
;'ljwf;+u ldNbf h'Nbf] x'g' kb{5 . o:tf] JolQmnfO{ lgo'Qm u/]kl5 lghnfO{ ;fj{hlgs
If]qsf] /f]huf/Lsf] ljBdfg txdf /fVg' c;fGble{s x'G5 . o;/L o:tf] JolQmnfO{
lgo'Qm u/]kl5 ;]jfsf zt{x¿n] p÷pgLsf] sfo{ tyf bfloTj :ki6 u/]sf] x'g'kb{5 .

kmfNu'0f @)^% cWofo !)– 16

 jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs Joj:yfkg ;+/rgf

l;kmfl/zx¿df ;+:yfut tyf ;+u7gsf txx¿sf] k'gu{7g ug],{ ;fdflhs zfvf,

cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg zfvf -M&E_ tyf u'gf;f] x]g]{ 8]:s u/L tLg j6f yk
zfvfx¿ v8f ug]{ laifo pNn]v 5 .

-s_ ;fdflhs zfvfsf] k|d'vsf] ¿kdf Pp6f tflnd k|fKt ;fdflhs cy{zf:qL
x'g'k5{ . o:tf] ljz]if1 ;+u7g leq gkfOPsf] cj:yfdf cGo
dGqfno÷ljefuaf6 Nofpg] k|of; ug'{ kb{5 . olb of] ;+ej ePg eg] lghL
If]qsf] k/fdz{bftfnfO{ s/f/df lgo'Qm ug'{k5{ . ;fdflhs If]qsf of]hgfx¿,
;+/rgfx¿ / lgb]l{ zsfx¿sf] cK7\of/f] k|s[ltsf x'G5g\ / lognfO{ OsfO{n]
Go"gLs/0fsf pkfox¿sf] ¿kdf k|of]u ug'{ kb{5 . t;y{ t]:tf ;Lk tyf
ljz]if1tf ePsf JolQmaf6 zfvf kl/k"0f{ x'g'kb{5 . ;fdflhs zfvf yk ubf{
xfn} OsfO{nfO{ e"–jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs OsfO{ -GESU_ sf] ¿kdf
k'ggf{dfs/0f ul/Psf] s'/fsf] klg k'li6 x'G5 .

-v_ k|:tfljt cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg zfvfnfO{ o;} tl/sfn] sd{rf/Lx¿sf] Joj:yf
ug'{k5{ . cfof]hgf sfof{Gjogdf cg'udg tyf d"NofÍgsf] dxTjnfO{ yk hf]8
lbO{ /fVg cfjZostf kb}{g . sfd ug{sf nflu ;xdlt ul/Psf] ;do tflnsf,
nufgLsf] pkof]u, ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf ;]jf ;'ljwf pknAw ePsf laifox¿nfO{
g} cfwf/ agfP/ cfof]hgfsf] ;kmntfsf nflu lgoldt ¿kn] cfof]hgf
sfof{Gjogsf] d"NofÍg ug'{ / To;nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg' cfjZos kb{5 .
cg'udgn] Joj:yfksx¿ tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿nfO{ sfof{Gjogaf/] lg/Gt/
k[i7kf]if0fsf nflu ;"rgf pknAw u/fpF5 . o;n] k|f/lDes cj:yfdf g}
jf:tljs jf ;+efJo sfof{Gjogdf tTsfn b]lvPsf / ;+efJo cj/f]wx¿sf]
klxrfg u5{ h;af6 cfof]hgf Joj:yfksx¿nfO{ oyf;dodf cfof]hgf
sfof{Gjogdf s]xL ;'wf/ u/]/ ;dfof]hg ug{ ;xof]u k'Ub5 . d"NofÍg eGgfn]
cfof]hgfsf] ;fGble{stf, sfo{ ;Dkfbg, bIftf / k|efj -cg'dfg ul/Psf] /
gul/Psf] b'j}_ sf] cfjlws hfFr xf] h;af6 cfof]hgf ;+rfng ;xL af6f]df
5÷5}g eg]/ lg0f{o ug{ ;lsG5 . cfof]hgf ;DkÌ ePsf] sDtLdf b'O{ aif{ kl5
:jtGq d"NofÍgstf{af6 k|efj d"NofÍg u/fpg' kb{5 . OsfO{sf nflu Pp6f
e/kbf]{ 8f6f j]; -tYofÍ_ tof/ ug{ / To;sf] ;+hfn cGo ljefux¿ tyf ;8s
ljefusf zfvfx¿;+u hf]8\gsf nflu Ps hgf jl/i7 tyf cg'ejL k|0ffnL
ljZn]ifssf] kb l;h{gf u/L sfddf nufpg' kb{5 . o:tf] 8f6fj]; -tYofÍsf]
e08f/_ MIS sf] cfwf/ x'g ;S5 .

-u_ ;+rflnt cfof]hgfx¿af6 k|fKt e} /xg] u'gf;fx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg u/L ;dodf g}

;'wf/sf pko'Qm pkfox¿ ckgfpg] sfddf OsfO{nfO{ ;Ifd agfO{ ;xof]u
k'¥ofpgsf nflu Pp6f u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg 8]:s GESU cGtu{t /fVg yk
l;kmfl/z ul/Psf] 5 . ;+rflnt tyf efjL ;8s cfof]hgfx¿sf jftfj/0fLO
tyf ;fdflhs ljifox¿sf ;DaGwdf PAPs /÷jf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] /fo
;'´fj tyf l;kmfl/z pknAw ug{, o; laifosf] pgLx¿sf] cg'ej cfbfg k|bfg
ug{ of] zfvf s} dfq k|of]usf nflu Pp6f x6nfO{g 6]lnkmf]g / ˆofS;\sf]
kmfNu'0f @)^% cWofo !)– 17
 jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs Joj:yfkg ;+/rgf

Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 / o:tf] Joj:yf af/] ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg'

kb{5 .

pk/f]Qm l;kmfl/zsf cfwf/df k'gu{l7t e"–jftfj/0f OsfO{ -GESU_ sf] b]xfo

jdf]lhssf] ;+u7g tflnsf k|:tfj ug{ ;lsG5 -s[kof lrq !)=@ x]g'{ xf];\_

lrq !)=@ GEU sf] e–" jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs OsfO{df k|:tfljt k'gu{7g M

of]hgf tyf l8hfOg dxfzfvf

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e"–jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs OsfO{

jl/i7 jftfj/0f OlGhlgo/
k|yd >]0fL

jftfj/0f zfvf ;fdflhs zfvf cg'udg tyf k|zf;g zfvf

jftfj/0f k|:tfljt d"NofÍg zfvf ah]6 tyf sd{rf/L
;DaGwL k|zf;lso
OlGhlgo/ ;fdflhs
;fdflhs E&M ljz]if1
clws[t
cy{zf:qL

e"–k|fljlws zfvf h}ljs OlGhlgol/Ë u'gf;f] x]g]{ 8]:s cg';Gwfg zfvf

OlGhlgo/ e"– zfvf OlGhlgo/ l;len OlGhlgo/
ue{zf:qL jg OlGhlgo/ k'gjf{; ljz]if1 MS ljz]if1
jg:klt zf:q

xfn o; OsfO{ cGtu{t ePsf] Pp6f 4 Wheel Drive uf8L k"0f{ ¿kn] ckof{Kt 5 .
o;sf] cnfjf !) aif{ k'/fgf] of] uf8LnfO{ 7"nf] dd{t ;+ef/sf] cfjZostf 5 . o;
OsfO{df sfo{/t OlGhlgo/x¿nfO{ pTk|]/0ffsf] ¿kdf tTsfnsf] nflu @ j6f df]6/
;fOsnx¿ oftfoft k|of]hgsf] nflu o; OsfO{nfO{ pknAw u/fpg cfjZos
b]lvG5 . ;aeGbf dxTjk"0f{ laifo, pk/f]Qm adf]lhdsf sfo{x¿sf] Joj:yf ug{ tyf
OsfO{sf] ;IfdtfnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{ GESU nfO{ kof{Kt tyf lgoldt ¿kdf ah]6
pknAw u/fpg' kb{5 .

**********
kmfNu'0f @)^% cWofo !)– 18