Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2.1INTRODUCTION
This chapter include details about construction of raft foundation and construction of
shear wall.
Construction of raft foundation and shear wall include tender specifications, material
specifications, tools-plants and equipment used, enabling works, manpower employed,
productivity and cost aspects, bar bending schedule etc.
(a) Cement
Unless otherwise specified, cement shall be OPC in 50kg bags.
Changing of brands or type or cement within same structure is not permitted.
A certified report attesting the conformity of cement to IS from cement manufacturer’s
chemist shall be furnished to the Engineer, However, Cement will be tested before use by
contractor at his own cost in concrete testing laboratory.
Cement may be stored in bins or silos which provides protection from dampness
contamination & false set.
Cement bags shall be stored in dry enclosed shed well away from outer walls & insulated
from floor to avoid contact with moisture from ground & not more than 12 bags shall be
stacked in any tier.
Cement had in storage for a period of 90 days or longer shall be tested.
The cement shall be tested once in beginning for every brand of cement for structural use
and thereafter at every 250 MT of cement consumed.
The frequency will be reduced to one cement test for every 500 MT consumed after 50%
of RCC is over.
It is required that for every track load, the manufacture has to give test certificate.
(b) Aggregates
Fine aggregates are those which pass through 4.75 mm is sieve & those which are retained
are coarse.
After specific material has been accepted the source of supply shall not be change without
approval of the engineer.
Aggregates shall be chemically inert, hard, durable against weathering of limited porosity
& free from deleterious material which may impair the concrete or reinforcement.
Samples of aggregates for mix design & determination of suitability shall be taken under
the supervision of engineer & delivered to laboratory.
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Record of tested on proposed aggregates on concrete made from this source of aggregates
shall be furnished to Engg. in advance of work for determining suitability.
All course & Fine aggregates shall be stacked separately in stock piles. Contamination with
foreign material while heaping shall be avoided.
Racers shall be used for lifting coarse aggregates from piles.
Coarse aggregates shall be piled in layers not exceeding 10 meter in height to prevent
coning each layer shall be cover the entire stocking area.
Aggregates having specific gravity less than 2.6 (Saturated surface dry basis) shall not be
used.
Fine aggregates shall consist of natural or crashed sand conforming to IS 383.
The sand shall be free from deleterious substance.
Silt content in sand will be measured by volume for every truck load before unloading.
Machine made sand will be acceptable, provided the constituent gravel / rock composition
is sound, hard, dense, non-organic, uncoated & durable against weathering.
Sand shall be prepared for use by careening to remove all objectionable foreign &
deleterious material.
The percentage of deleterious matter in sand delivered to mixer shall not exceed following:
Percent by weight
Materials
Uncrushed Crushed
material finer than 75 micron size 3 15
Shall 1
Coal & Lignite 1 1
Clay lumps 1 1
Total of all above substances
Including items (i) to (iv)
5 2
For uncrushed & (iii) & (iv)
For crushed sand
Where the grading falls outside limits of any particular grading zone of sieve (except 600
micron sieves) by a total amount not exceeding 5%, it shall be regarded as falling within
that zone.
This tolerance shall not be applied to % passing 600 micron sieve or to % passing any other
sieve size on the coarser limit of zone I or finer limit or zone IV.
Fine aggregates conforming to grading zone IV shall not be used.
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9.36mm 60-95 75-100 85-100 95-100
1.18mm 30-70 55-90 75-100 90-100
600 15-34 35-59 60-79 80-100
300 5-20 8-30 10-40 15-50
150 0-10 0-10 0-10 0-15
The sand shall have a fineness modulus of not less than 9.9 or more than 3.9, Fineness
modulus is determined by adding cumulative % on following is sieves: 4.75mm, 9.36mm,
1.18mm, 600, 300, 150 & dividing sum by 100.
Coarse aggregates shall consist of natural or crushed stone or gravel & shall be clean &
free from alkali & organic deleterious matter.
Percent by weight
Material
Uncrushed Crushed
material finer than 75 micron 3 3
Coal 1 1
clay lumps 1 1
Soft fragments 3
Total 8 5
Is sieve % passing for single size aggregate of % passing for graded aggregate of
designation nominal size nominal size
40 20 16 12.5 10 40 20 16 12.5
63 mm 100 100
40mm 85-100 100 90-100 100
20mm 0-20 85-100 100 30-37 90-100 100
16mm 85-100
12.5mm 85-100 90-100
10mm 0-20 0-30 0-45 85-100 10-35 25-55 30-70 40-85
4.75mm 0-5 0-5 0-10 0-20 0-5 0-10 0-10 0-10
2.36mm
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(c) Water
Water used for mixing & curing shall be free from injurious matter, potable water is
generally considered satisfactory.
In case of doubt, suitability of water shall be found by compressive strength & initial setting
time test.
The sample of water taken for testing shall be typical of the water proposed for concrete.
An average of 28 days compressive strength of three 150mm concrete cubes prepared with
proposed water shall not be less than 90% of equivalent cubes made using distilled water.
The initial setting time of test blocks shall not be less than 30 minutes & not differ by more
than 3 minutes from that made from distilled water.
The percentage of solids in water is as follow :
Table 2.1.1 Limiting values for solids in water
(d) Admixtures
Admixtures may be used in concrete provided that with passage of time, neither
compressive strength nor durability will be reduced. These shall be used in accordance with
manufactures’ instructions.
Water reducing lignosulphate admixtures shall be added in the form of solution if used.
Where specified & approved by engineer retarding agents may be added to concrete.
2. Reinforcement
Steel reinforcement shall be plain round M.S. bars in accordance with IS 432-I or medium
tensile steel bars in accordance with IS 432-II or hot rolled M.S. and medium tensile
deformed bars in accordance with is IS 1139 or cold twisted bars in accordance with IS
1786.
(a) Storage
Steel reinforcement shall not be kept in direct contact with ground but stocked on top of
timber sleeper. If the reinforcing bars are to be stored for long duration they be water with
cement wash before stacking.
(b) Quality
Before structural work commences all diameter of steel bar to be tested, In case of TOR
steel, each diameter bar to be tested be free from grease, oil, paint, dust, bitumen etc. which
reduce, destroy the bond.
No welding of bars to attain continuity shall be allowed.
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In case of TMT steel for diameter 8, 10, & 12 on consumption of 50 MT of each dia. and
for diameter 16, 20, 25 on consumption of 30 MT, test shall be conducted.
(d) Payment
For the payment of works under this item the actual quantities of steel embedded in concrete
as calculated shall be taken.
Quoted rates shall include all wastage, binding wires etc. For which no separate payment
shall be made.
An unaccountable wastage of 3% shall be allowed for reconciliation only.
3. Controlled Concrete
All concrete used in works shall be “Controlled Concrete” unless nominal mix such as
1:3:6, 1:4:8 or 1:5:10.Minimum compressive strength of 15 cm cubes at 28 days after
mixing (IS 456 & IS 516) is as follows.
Table 2.1.2 Minimum compressive strength of concrete at 28 days
The total aggregate by weight / 50kg of cement shall not exceed 450kg, except when
permitted by engineer.
If 28 days cube strength for certain structures is below IS456 requirement then payment to
the contractor will be made for lower grade achieved.
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(a) Mix Design
The mix proportion shall be determined by weight adjustment due to moisture present in
aggregates shall be made.
Mix design shall be carried according to ACI 613 or “Design of concrete mixes” Road
research note no.4, Department of scientific & industrial research, UK.
Whenever there is change in required strength or workability or source of material,
preliminary test shall be repeated to determine revised proportions.
While fixing values for W/C ratio for preliminary mixes, assistance may be derived from
graph (Appendix A, IS 456) showing relationship between 28 days compression strength
& W/C ratio.
(a) Aggregates
Proportioning decided by conducting preliminary tests shall be by weight.
The proportions of cement, fine & coarse aggregates shall be maintained during subsequent
concrete batching by being batches (IS 24722) capable controlling weights within 1%.
The grading of aggregates shall be checked frequently to ensure the maintaining of grading
in accordance with the sample used in preliminary mix design.
The crushing strength shall be tested:
o At start of project
o Six month after the start of project
o Whenever the source is changed
Further sieve analysis shall be carried out
o At start of project
o Every once in 2 weeks.
(b) Cement
Cement shall be measured by weight.
(c) Water
The water added to the mix shall be such as not to cause segregation of material or
collection of excessive free water on the surface of concrete.
Chemical testing shall be done,
o Once at the start of project.
o Once during summer for bore well water.
o For tank water, once every month.
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The water content in aggregates shall be determined frequently and the mixing water shall
be adjusted according to maintain specified w/c ratio.
Slump (mm)
Type of construction
Max Min
Reinforced foundation walls & footing 75 25
Slabs, Beams & Reinforced walls 100 25
Building columns 100 25
(e)
Batching & Mixing
The material proportion established by preliminary tests shall be strictly followed.
The accuracy of weight batches be checked periodically.
The needle shall be adjusted to zero when hopper is empty, volume batching is not
permitted.
However, Engineer may permit volume batching by conversion of weights into equivalent
volumes knowing their bulk densities only in small pools not more than 0.25 m3 when
other pours through weigh batching are not likely to be made.
Each batch shall be mixed until the concrete is uniform in colour for a minimum period of
2 minutes after all materials & water are in drum. All water shall be in the drum by the
end of first 15 second of mixing time.
Each time the batches stops, mixes shall be cleaned & when next commencing mixing, the
first batch shall have 10 % additional cement to allow sticking to drum.
At least six test cubes of concrete shall be made for every 150 m 3 of concrete or part
thereof.
Such samples shall be drawn on each day for each type of concrete.
Of each set of six cubes 3 shall be tested at 7 days & 3 at 28 days.
The engineer will approve the concrete if average strength of specimens is not less than
specified strength subjected to the condition that only one out of 3 consecutive tests may
have valve less than specified but not less than 90% of specified.
Slump tests shall be invariably carried out from the same batch of concrete from which
test cubes are made.
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6. Load tests on Members or any other tests
Before concrete placing the insides of formwork should be inspected to see that they have
been cleaned & oiled.
Temporary opening shall be provided to facilitate inspection, especially at the bottom of
column & wall to forms permit removal of dust, binding wire, dirt etc.
The various trades shall be permitted times to ... drainage & plumbing lines, drains,
conduits etc.
All embedded parts, inserts etc. shall be correctly positioned & secured in the formwork to
prevent displacement during pouring and vibrating of concrete.
To guard against damage that may be caused by rains, work shall be covered with tarpaulins
immediately after concrete has been poured & compacted.
Immediately before concrete pouring begins prepared surfaces, except formwork that will
come in contact with concrete shall be covered with bonding mortar.
Irrespective of the method of transportation adopted concrete shall be delivered with
required consistency and plasticity without slump loss.
However chutes shall not be used without prior permission.
All equipment used for mixing, transporting & placing concrete shall be thoroughly cleaned
after each period of placement.
Equipment for concreting shall be of such size and design to ensure a practically continuous
flow of concrete during deposition without segregation of materials, considering the size
of job & placement location.
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Concrete shall be poured in its final portion before cement reaches its initial set and shall
be normally compacted in its final position within 30 minutes or learning the mixed. Once
compacted, shall not be disturbed.
Concrete shall in all cases, be deposited as nearly as practicable directly in its final position
& shall not be re-handled.
Concrete shall not be dropped from height more than 1m.
When using mechanical equipment for pouring, concrete shall be discharge by a vehicle
drop into the middle of bucket and this principle or vertical discharge shall be followed
during all stages of delivery. Central bottom-dump bucket shall be used.
The open bucket shall clear the concrete of ready placed & drop shall not exceed 1m.
Chutes when used shall have slopes not flatter than 1(vertical): 3 and not sleeper than 1(V):
2. Chutes shall be of metal and have rounded cross section. The fall of concrete from the
end of chute shall not be more than 1m.
To allow for loss of mortar against sides of chutes, the first mixes shall have coarse
aggregate.
When pumping is adopted, before pumping of concrete, the pipeline shall be lubricated
with one or two batches of mortar of one part cement & two part sand.
Concreting once started shall be continuous until the pour is completed. Concrete shall be
poured in successive horizontal layers of uniform thickness ranging from 15 to 90 m as
directed by engineer.
The thickness of each layer shall be such that it can be deposited before the previous layer
has stiffened the top surface of each pour & bedding planes shall be approximately
horizontal.
Concrete shall be compacted during placing with approved vibrating equipment till
concrete is compacted to maximum density. Particular care shall be taken to ensure that all
concrete placed against formwork faces & into corners is free from voids or cavities.
Vibration shall not be over exercised to the point that segregation results.
Immersion vibrators shall be inserted vertically at points not more than 450mm apart &
withdrawn when air bubbles cease to come to surface.
Immersion vibrators shall penetrate the layer being placed & also penetrate the layer below
while the under layer is still plastic to ensure good bond & homogeneity.
Immersion Vibrators shall not be allowed to come in contact with reinforcement steel after
the initial set.
They shall not be allowed to come in contact with formwork.
Each part of concrete in multiple light work shall be allowed to set for at least 24hrs after
final set of work & before the start of subsequent part.
When pouring concrete in walls with opening in floors of integral slab and beam
construction, pouring shall stop when the concrete reaches the top of the opening in wall
or bottom horizontal surface of the slab. Pouring shall be resumed before concrete in place
takes initial set.
Bleeding or free water on top of concrete being deposited into formwork shall be a cause
to stop the concrete pour and the condition casing this elected corrected before any further
concreting is resumed.
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When pouring concrete through steel rebars, care shall be taken to prevent segregation of
coarse aggregates.
Concrete shall be poured without interruption until completion of the past of the work
between predetermined construction joints.
If stopping of concreting becomes inevitable, a properly formed construction joint shall be
made where the work is stopped.
Joints shall be horizontal or vertical or at right angles to the axis of inclined or curved
members.
Vertical joints shall be formed against stop boards.
Where not described joints shall be in accordance with following:
o Column joints
Joints shall be formed 75mm below the lowest soffit of beams including haunches. In
flat slab, construction joints shall be 75mm bellow the soffit of column capitals. At least
&2 hours shall elapse after depositing concrete in columns and before depositing in
beams or slabs.
o Beam & slab joints:
Concrete in beams shall be placed throughout without joints but if it is unavoidable,
joints shall be vertical and at the centre or within the middle third of the open. Where
beams intersects girders joints in the girders, it shall be offset a distance equal to twice
the width of beam and additional reinforcement provided for shear.
Joints in slabs shall be vertical and parallel to principal reinforcement. Where they are
unavoidably perpendicular to principle reinforcement, they shall be at the middle.
Dowels for concrete work, not likely to be taken up in near future, shall be wrapped in tar
paper.
Mass foundation shall be poured in light not exceeding 1.5m in thickness.
Treatment of construction joints on resuming: All loose stones shall be thoroughly remove
by wire brushing & hacking and surface washed. Just before concreting & is resumed, the
roughened surface shall be cleaned and treated with thin layer of cement group (1:2 by
volume proportion) and worked well into the surface. The new concrete shall be well
worked against prepares face before mortar sets.
All concrete shall be cured by keeping it damp for the period of time required for complete
hydration and hardening to take place.
Preference shall be given to the use or continuous sprays or ponded water, continuously
saturated coverings of sacking, hessian or approved curing compounds.
Fresh concrete shall be kept continuously wet for a minimum of 10 days from date of
pouring of concrete, following a lapse of 12 to 14 hours after pouring. The curing of
horizontal surface exposed to wind shall begin immediately after the concrete has hardened.
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Water shall be applied to uniformed surface within 1 hour after concreting has set
immediately upon removal of form.
A continuous fine mist spraying or sprinkling through hose shall be used instead of
continuous spraying, wet gunny bags which prevent loss of moisture may be used.
For curing of floors, roofs, ponding method is preferred.
No curing compound shall be used on surfaces where future blending with concrete,
pointing is specified.
All sunken slabs, terrace slabs shall be tested for water tightness by flooding with water for
48 hours before waterproofing. Leaks shall be grouted either with cement grout or epoxy.
Immature concrete shall be protected from damage by debris, excessive loading or contact
with other materials and workman shall be prevented from disturbing green concrete during
jetting period.
After the removal of formwork, concrete surface shall be very carefully inspected and all
defective areas shall be patched or concrete may be rejected partially or entirely.
Holes left for formwork tie rod shall be filled up & made good with mortar composed of
1(cement): 1.5(sand) passing 2.36mm IS sieve. Mortar filling shall be flush with face of
concrete.
Surface irregularities on concrete surface shall be removed by grinding.
Superficial honey combed surface shall be similarly made good after formwork removal.
If reinforcement is exposed or honey combing is occurs at vulnerable positions, e.g. ends
of beams or columns, it may be necessary to reconstruct the member.
If only patching is necessary, defective concrete shall be cut out until solid concrete is
reached (or to a minimum depth of 25mm), the edges being cut perpendicular to affected
surface.
Anchors, tees shall be provided to attach new concrete securely in place. An area if
necessary extending several centimetres beyond edges and surface of prepared voids shall
be saturated with water for 24 hours after placing of patch material.
Epoxy use for bonding, fresh concrete used for repair shall be permitted after approval.
Small size holes having surface dimensions approximately equal to depth of hole, holes left
after removal of tie rods shall be repaired as follows,
o Holes to be patched shall be roughened & soaked with clean water until absorption
stops. A 5mm thick layer of grout of equal parts of cement and sand shall be brushed
into the surface to be patched followed by patching concrete which shall be
consolidated with wooden flat. This patch shall be built in 10mm thick layers. After an
hour, it shall be flushed with wooden flat. The concrete grade used for patching shall
be same as that of underplaying concrete.
o Mortar filling by pressure (guniting) shall be used for areas too large or too shallow for
mortar patching. While cement shall be substituted for OPC to match the shade with
concrete.
o Patched area shall be covered immediately with gunny bags which shall be kept wet for
24 hours. Thereafter cured for at least 10 days.
Formed surface finish: The type of finish for formed concrete surface shall be as follows:
o For surface against which barriers or concrete is to be placed, no treatment is required
apart from repairs.
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o For surface that will receive waterproofing shall be free of surface irregularities which
may interfere with water-proofing material.
For form finish concrete, following is required:
o Contractor shall submit detailed calculations & sketches showing entire scheme of
formwork, 1 week before starting of work.
o Plywood (12mm thick) shall not be used more than 6 times.
o Gradual irregularities shall be measured as deviations from a plane surface with a
template (6mm long) & irregularities shall not exceed 6mm.
If specified finish is not obtained, contractor will only be paid 50% of quoted rate for the
defective area.
Surface exposed to weather shall be sloped for drainage. The tops of narrow surface such
as stair tread, walls, and parapets shall be sloped approximately 1 in 30. Broader surface
such as walkways, roads shall be sloped approximately 1 in 50 across width. Surface
irregularities shall not exceed 6mm.
Exposed concrete (exposed to view) shall have smooth finish achieved through use of lined
or plywood forms having smooth & even surface.
Soil treatment should start when foundation trenches and pits are ready to take mass
concrete, laying of concrete should start when the chemical emulsion has been absorbed by
soil & surface is dry.
Once formed, treated soil barriers shall not be disturbed. If disturbed, immediate steps shall
be taken to re-attain the continuity of barriers.
The bottom surface and sides (up to height 300mm above foundation level) of excavation
basements shall be treated with chemical at the rate of 5 liters/m2.
In the case of RCC framed structures with columns & RCC basements, the treatment shall
start at the depth of 500mm below ground level, from this level, the backfill shall be treated
at the rate of 15 liters/m2 of vertical surface.
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When pipes, conduits enter the soil inside the area of foundation, the soil surrounding the
points of entry shall be loosened for a distance of 15cm & up to depth of 7.5cm before
treatment is commenced.
A pressure pump shall be used to carry out spraying operations to facilitate uniform
spraying & penetration of chemical into earth.
Tenderers must ensure that the work will be carried out through professional pest control
operators who should be members of Indian pest control association.
To provide light bond with rock foundations, rock surface shall be prepared as follows:
o Concrete shall not be deposited on large sloping rock surface. Rocks shall be cut form
rough steps or benches to provide roughness or suitable bearing surface.
o Rock strata shall be prepared by picking, wedging and similar methods that bear rock
in sound condition.
o Shortly before concrete is poured, rock surface shall be cleaned with high pressure
water.
o Prior to pouring, rocks surfaces shall be kept let for a period of 2 to 4 hours.
All earth surface upon which concrete is to be poured shall be well compacted and free
from water, mud or debris. The surface of absorptive soils against which concrete is to be
placed shall be moistened.
After the surface is prepared, it shall receive a bonding treatment immediately before
pouring of concrete. The bonding medium shall be a coat of cement-sand mortar. The
mortar shall have same cement-sand proportions as the concrete that shall be placed upon
it.
Bonding mortar shall be about 10mm thick for rock and 5mm thick for concrete. It shall be
worked thoroughly into all crakes & services.
In pouring concrete against formed construction joints, surfaces of joints shall be wetted
with specified bed-joint bonding mortar or by scrubbing with wire brooms dipped into fresh
concrete.
(a) Cement
Type: OPC 53 grade
Source: Ultratech OPC 53, Andhrapradesh(Tatapathre)
Rate: Rs 260/bag
Quality check: Fineness test(cement is passed through 90µ sieve)
Specifications ( required as per IS):
o Fineness: 225 m2/kg
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o Setting time in minutes
Initial: 30
Final: 600
o Soundness:
Le’chatelier: 10mm
Autoclave: 0.8%
o Compressive strength:
3 days: 27 Mpa
7 days: 37 Mpa
28 days: 53 Mpa
(b) Aggregates
i. Coarse aggregates (20 mm & down)
Angular crush broken coarse aggregates of max size 20mm
Source: Chikaballapura, Karnataka.
Rate: Rs 600/ton
Characteristics:
Table 2.1.9 Coarse Aggregate (20mm and down) properties
1 Shape Angular
Dry rodded bulk
2 1585 kg/m3
density
3 Loose bulk density 1386 kg/3
4 Specific gravity 2.7
5 Water absorption 0.2%
Cumulative percent
IS sieve
Retained Passing
40mm 0 100
20mm 8.3 91.7
12.5mm 86.8 13.2
10mm 96.7 3.3
4.75mm 99.9 0.1
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Table 2.1.11 Coarse Aggregate (12.5mm and down) properties
1 Shape Angular
2 Dry rodded bulk density 1513 kg/m3
3 Loose bulk density 1320 kg/m3
4 Specific gravity 2.70
5 Water absorption 0.3%
Cumulative percent
IS sieve
Retained Passing
40mm 0 100
20mm 9.8 90.2
12.5mm 50.4 49.6
10mm 95.5 4.5
4.75mm
Cumulative percent
IS sieves
Retained Passing
4.75mm 0 100
2.36mm 14.4 85.6
1.38mm 37.3 62.7
600 microns 54.8 45.2
300 microns 73.5 26.5
150 microns 90.7 9.3
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Confirms to IS 12089-1987 & BS-6699
Characteristics:
Table 2.1.15 GGBS properties
Requirement
Sr. No. Characteristics as per BS- Test result
6699
1 Fineness (m2/kg) 275 minimum 376
Particle size
2 45 µ/90µ 96.15/100
(Cumulative %)
3 Insoluble residue (%) 1.5 max 0.29
4 Magnesia content (%) 14.0 max 8.33
5 Sulphide sulphur (%) 2.0 max 0.49
6 Sulphur content (%) 2.5 max 0.34
7 Loss on ignition (%) 3 max 0.19
8 Manganese content (%) 2 max 0.08
9 Chloride content (%) 0.1 max 0.01
10 Glass content (%) 67 min 90
11 Moisture content (%) 1 max 0.14
Cao+Mgo+Sio2 66.66 min 76.24
12 Cao+Mgo+Sio2 >1 1.26
Cao/Sio2 <1.40 1.01
Form Liquid
Colour Pale golden brown
Specific gravity 1.06±0.02
Standards BIS-9103, ASTM C494 type F, BSEN 934-2
Relative water
Sr. No. Concrete sample Water content
(%)
1 Control 0.55 100
2 With ECMAS 0.44 80
2. Reinforcement
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Source: TATA TISCON steel
Rate: Rs 43/kg
Quality check: unit weight per meter length (in lab at site) complying to IS 1786 (7850
kg/m3)
Bars available in diameter: 6,8,10,12,16,20 and 25mm.
Product packaging: TATA TISCON 500D rebar is supplied in fixed length of 12 meter.
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o Formwork surface: Reebol WB is compatible with timber, steel, GRP and resinous
formwork surfaces.
o Non-staining: Does not stain concrete, safely use with white cement.
o Steam curing: Reebol WB is effective at elevated temperature and can be used for steam
curing at 750 C.
Table 2.1.20 Mould oil properties
Colour White
Specific gravity 0.995 (at 200 C)
Viscosity 10 secs (at 200 C)
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o Protection period is longer than other anti-termite chemicals like Chlorpyriphos and
Limidacloprid and it is around 12 to 13 years.
39
Portable concrete pump: SCHWING BP 1800
2. Plant
3. Tools
Plumb bob
Straight edge aluminium beam for finishing (Screed)
Shovel
Line-dori
Hooked rod for binding wires (Aakdi)
Hammer
Measure tape
Sr no Date 6/2/14
1 Grade of concrete M30
2 Quantity of concrete 472 m3
3 Location Tower: 21 Raft
Are shuttering, reinforcement and
4 Yes
services completed
5 Starting time 5 pm
6 Completion time 1 pm (7/2/14)
7 Number of cubes taken for testing 6
40
8 Slump value 120mm
1. Setting out
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5] This bottom level must be (93m-0.85m) =92.15m, where 93m=Reference level of
top surface of adjacent podium and, 92.15m is level of bottom excavated levelled
surface.
6] So, if level of 92.15m is achieved at every selected points than levelling is
completed, otherwise same procedure is repeated again.
7] Level of the top surface of the raft is also 93m.
8] Levelling of the lift pit of trapezoidal shape is also done in same manner by
inserting rods at 4 upper points and 4 bottom points of pit and connecting them by
line-dory and then levelling the surface in parallel sloppy planes.
2. Anti-termite treatment
Anti-termite treatment is done after surface is levelled & before PCC is done.
Anti-termite material used is BIFLEX-TC and proportion with water is 1(chemical):
49(water).
This mixture is sprayed on surface by spraying machine at a rate of 3litre/m 2.
Rate prescribed in IS code is 5litre/m2.
Once anti-termite is done, care should be taken to not disturb the surface.
3. PCC laying
Once levelled surface is attained in raft and lift pit, PCC work is done.
Grade of PCC used was M7.5 with proportion,
[1 (cement): 4 (FA): 8 (CA): 0.9 (water)]
Form work at boundary of raft is done by using channel section of ISMC-100 having
depth of 100mm which is equal to the thickness of PCC.
Also mark of 100mmis done on the rods inserted at corner points of raft and also at every
1m distance on both sides of raft.
PCC work is done by 15 no of labours, (3 masons and 12 unskilled labours) in the time of
24 hours.
Volume of PCC as per requirement is ordered from batching plant and transported to site
location by transit mixer having capacity of 8m3 but used only 6m3.
Levelling of PCC is done by levelling straight edge aluminium beam.
PCC of lift pit take 8 hours from whole duration.
Then this levelled PCC surface is checked by auto level and if undulations are there then
need to be corrected.
Then final level check is done from client side, and if levelling is done satisfactorily than
activity is approved.
Once PCC is done and surface is hardened, setting out of shear-wall edge points is done
by total station by same method of re-section by following same procedure stated earlier.
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Figure 2.1.1 PCC laying arrangement for Lift pit's slopy surface
Once PCC is done and activity is approved by the client & PCC is hardened enough,
reinforcement placing is started.
Reinforcement for the raft is cut and bend in shape in steel yard and transported to the site
by trolley attached with tractor.
Marking is done on raft for laying reinforcement.
Once marking is done, bottom mesh is laid first.
Once bottom mesh is fixed in place, chairs are fixed on bottom mesh at approximate
distance of 1.5m to 1.2m.
Than top mesh is placed and fixed on chairs.
Points of shear-wall is already given by total station, so after deducting 25mm cover from
all sides, shear-wall reinforcement are placed in position.
Lift pit reinforcement are laid after bottom mesh is fixed and then top mesh is laid.
Extra bottom and extra top reinforcement are also laid as per drawing.
Development length (Ld) is given at every in-between termination of bars due to length
limitation.
Shear-key is provided at edge where raft is in-continuation with grade slab.
Also reinforcement of top mesh of raft is extended up to Ld length to maintain continuity
with grade-slab reinforcement.
Once all reinforcement are placed, reinforcement is checked by engineer from client side.
5. Shuttering
Once reinforcement laying is done and check by the client side, than after that, formwork
is done prior to concreting.
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Formwork is done in adjacent two sides of raft where construction of grade slab was not
done.
Formwork is also done in lift pit.
This faces of raft where formwork is done is shown in drawing of formwork with detailed
sections of formwork.
Material used for formwork was
Peri-domino wall panels at boundary of raft.
Ply-formwork with stiffeners in lift pit and on boundary of raft.
ISMC 100 channel sections & hollow square sections at raft boundary.
Formwork is done by 12 labours in time duration of 8 hours.
Formwork is supported by inclined props from outside in lift pit and horizontal and
vertical props from inside also. (Shown in formwork drawing).
Formwork at periphery is also supported by inclined props from outside.
Oiling is done prior to fixing the formwork in PERI-DOMINO and in ply formwork.
Once formwork is done and surface is cleaned from boulders & debris, than water is
sprayed on surface prior to concreting to wetting the surface.
Than once client approve the work and allow for concreting work than concreting is done.
Concreting is done by portable concrete pump.
Volume of concrete required is ordered from batching plant in transit mixture.
15 labours are there for concreting work, out of which 4 are mesons & 11 are unskilled
labours.
Compaction is done by immersion vibrators.
Time taken to complete concreting activity is 20 hours.
Pipe laid for concreting is shown in drawing.
Finishing of the surface is done by finishing aluminium beam.
Total quantity of concrete consumed in raft of tower no 21 is 470.9 m3.
Concreting is done in two-layer of equal depth & concreting is done in night time.
Slump obtained in laboratory for concrete is nearly about 120mm.
Once concreting is done, curing is done after 8-10 hours of concreting and curing is done
by ponding method.
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Time taken for activity: 24 hours out of which 8 hours were taken to complete lift pit PCC
due to slope surface and rest of duration in PCC of plain surface.
Theoretical consumption of PCC: It was calculated by plan dimension of raft and thickness
of PCC layer which was 100mm.
o Theoretical volume= 55.74m3 (plan rectangle) + 10.26m3 (side slope) + 6.725 m3 (lift
slope) – 3.724m3 (lift plain surface) + 6.6m3 (outer projection)
o Theoretical volume=75.601 m3
Actual consumption on site for PCC of raft was 49m3.
(b) Productivity
Estimated productivity= 0.3125 m3/labour/hour (Estimation of productivity is assumed to
be same for skilled and unskilled labours since it is calculated considering them together).
Actual productivity = volume consumed actually/ (No. of labours × hours).
=49m3/ (24×15)
=0.136 m3/labour/hour
2. Form work
(b) Productivity
Estimated productivity=0.375 m2/labour/hour
Actual productivity= Area covered/ (no of labour × time taken)
= 58.286 / (12 m2 8)
= 0.607 m3/labour/hour
3. Reinforcement laying
(b) Productivity
Estimated productivity= 18.75 kg/labour/hour
Actual productivity=(Total weight of reinforcement)/(No of labours × time)
= 21226 kg / (18 × 60)= 19.65 kg/ labour hour
Where, 21226 kg= quantity of reinforcement in raft calculated in BBS= 4888 kg (shear
wall reinf.) + 16338 kg (raft reinf.)
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Rate quoted in BOQ= Rs 60.645 / kg
Hence, (profit +overheads) / kg= Rs 14.145 / kg (30.41%)
4. Concrete work
(b) Productivity
Productivity of concrete work estimated is based on productivity of concrete pump.
Estimated productivity= 30 m3/hour
Actual productivity = Total volume of concreting actually consume/ time
= 478.95 m3/ 20 hours=23.947 m3/hour
5. Anti-termite treatment
Material used=BIFLEX TC
Coverage=3 litres/ m2
Proportion is 1 time chemical with 49 times water
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o So, in 3 litres, quantity of chemical= 0.06 litres
o And, spray of chemical per m2=0.06 litres
Now, cost of chemical per m2=Rs 30
Rate quoted in BOQ per m2=Rs 52
Hence, (profit+overheads) per m2=Rs 22 (73.33%)
Profit
Sr. no Activity Price as per BOQ(Rs) Cost incurred (Rs)
overheads(Rs)
1 PCC 4224 × 75.6=3,19,3334 2430.14×49=1,19,077 2,00,257.4
2 Formwork 475×58.936=28,007.43 141.55×50.535=7153 20,854.43
3 Reinforcement 60.645×21226=12,84,250 46.5×21226=9,87,009 3,00,241
Concrete
4 5456×474.7=25,89,963 2912.61×478.95=13,94,994 11,35,998
works-M30
Anti-termite
5 53×554.43=29,543 30×557.43=16,772 12821
treatment
17, 29,092.43
6 Total 42,54,097.43 25,25,005
(68.48%)
Checking of co-ordinates of raft corners and shear walls corners by surveyor from client
side.
They check that the points located by SPCL surveyor is correct or not.
Tolerance of 1mm in horizontal direction is allowed.
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Chairs/cover blocks placed
Binding wire not touching shuttering and proper binding
Dowels & positioning as per drawings.
Joggling is avoided and if it is to be done then it should not be more than 1 in 6.
Are all the safety norms being covered as per HSEM (health & safety executive minute)
process?
Check for shuttering for availability and arrangement.
Are all plates and ply-woods cleaned and polished properly.
Type of oil/polish used on the surface of shuttering.
Check for suitability, stability, safety and rigidity of assembled forms
Check for provisions for service piping.
Vertical member-Shear walls
Checking alignment of all vertical members at floor level with respect to grid lines.
Check plumb for vertical members (minimum 2 sides).
Check right angles and diagonals of the vertical members from the top.
Check for alignment with respect to adjacent vertical members.
Check for adequate support as per shuttering design.
Check for adequacy of cover blocks.
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5. Checking during concreting
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