Tavi V

leqsikuri maragi

• ra aris leqsikuri maragi da ra kavSiri aqvs mas gageba-

gaazrebasTan?
• rogor swavloben bavSvebi sityvebs?
• rogor gavumdidroT moswavleebs leqsikuri maragi?
efeqturi meTodebi da resursebi.
• rogor SevamowmoT moswavleTa leqsikuri maragi?

165
 leqsikuri maragis aqtivobebis cxrili
meTodi / aqtivoba resursi gverdi

gonebrivi ruka 172

furceli, kalami / Sesavsebi sqema 173
sityvis/cnebis ruka
(sqemebis amosabeWdi versiebi ix. danarTSi)
leqsikuri maragi

sityvis verbaluri da vizualuri furceli, kalami / Sesavsebi sqema, kalami 177

asociaciebis sqema (sqemis amosabeWdi versia ix. danarTSi)
Camowere da ganmarte sityvebi furceli da kalami 179
furceli, kalami / Sesavsebi sqema, kalami 179
sityvebis gamomZiebeli
(sqemis amosabeWdi versia ix. danarTSi)
furceli, kalami / Sesavsebi sqema, kalami 180
sityvis piramida
(sqemis amosabeWdi versia ix. danarTSi)
dakarguli sityvebi Sesavsebi teqsti 182
sagangebod SerCeuli didi zomis sityvis bara- 182
dRis sityva
Ti, furclebi
sityvebi wyvilebSi (waSale sityva 183
carci an markeri, dafa
I)
waSale sityva II carci/markeri, dafa 184
sinonimebis banqo I banqos zomis baraTebis dasta sinonimuri si- 185
tyvebiT
sinonimebis banqo II banqos zomis kvadratuli baraTebis dasta si- 185
nonimuri sityvebiT
sityva sityvaSi dafa, carci, furceli/rveuli, kalami 186
sityvis daSla (sityvebi sityvaSi) dafa, carci, furceli/rveuli, kalami 187
sityvebis grova dafa, carci, furceli/rveuli, kalami 188
mniSvnelovani sityvebi teqsti, mcire zomis webovani baraTebi 189
winadadebis ganvrcoba baraTebi SekiTxvebiT, baraTebi martivi wina- 190
dadebebiT, dafa, carci/markeri, furceli
SesaZlo winadadebebi sakvanZo furceli, kalami 191
sityvebis gamoyenebiT
fantaziorebi da realistebi (uc- sityvis baraTebi, furceli, kalami 192
nauri winadadebebi)
sityvebis dajgufeba kategorieb- furcelze Camowerili sityvebis nusxa Ti- 193
Si Toeuli moswavlisaTvis/jgufisTvis, katego-
riebis cxrili
sityvebis banki I mcire zomis baraTebi zed dawerili sityvebiT 194
sityvebis banki II (sityvebis rveu- saqaRalde, sityvis/cnebis sqemebi 195
li)
freieris sqema furceli, kalami / Sesavsebi sqema, kalami 195
(sqemis amosabeWdi versia ix. danarTSi)
gasasvleli sityvebi furceli da kalami 197
sinonimTa da antonimTa wre 198

166
ra aris leqsikuri maragi da ratom aris igi mniSvnelovani?
mdidari leqsikuri maragi kiTxvasa da swavlaSi warmatebis mniSvnelovani winapirobaa.
gaazrebuli kiTxvaca da werac mniSvnelovanwilad leqsikur maragzea damokidebuli.
gageba-gaazrebasTan dakavSirebuli problemebis umTavresi mizezi swored leqsikuri
maragis simwirea. kargi mkiTxvelebi gamoirCevian sityvebis codniT da SeuZliaT, didi
Zalisxmevis gareSe gamoiyenon isini saWiroebis mixedviT. sityvebis codna mWidrod uka-
vSirdeba akademiur warmatebas yvela saganSi, vinaidan mdidari leqsikuri maragis mqone
moswavle ufro swrafad da ukeT igebs axal cnebebs, azrebsa da ideebs, vidre mwiri
leqsikuri maragis mqone.

leqsika aris enaSi arsebuli sityvebis maragi, romlis saSualebiTac Cven vamyarebT
zepir da weriT komunikacias. sityvebis codna marTlac arsebiTia gageba-gaazrebisa-
Tvis. adamiani ver gamoitans azrs wakiTxulidan, Tuki teqstis sityvaTa umravlesobis
mniSvneloba ar esmis. rac Seexeba saswavlo donis teqstebs, arsebobs rekomendacie-
bi maTSi nacnobi sityvebis sasurveli raodenobis Sesaxeb. saSualod, nacnob sityvaTa
raodenoba unda meryeobdes 90-dan 95%-mde. kidev ufro aqtualuria nacnob sityvaTa
adekvaturi raodenoba kiTxvis teqnikis gamarTvis fazaSi, roca moswavlis kiTxva jer
kidev ar aris gawafuli.

leqsikis gamdidrebaze orientirebuli aqtivobebi exmareba moswavles im sityvaTa aTvi-

sebaSi, romlebic yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi iSviaTad an saerTod ar xvdeba. garda amisa,
moswavleebi unda gaecnon e. w. sakvanZo, sayrden an mniSvnelovan sityvebs, romlebic
aucilebelia mocemuli teqstis dasamuSaveblad. sityvebis sxvadasxva savarjiSosa da
mravalferovan konteqstSi gamoyenebis aqtivobebs gacilebiT ukeTesi Sedegi aqvs, vi-
dre TviT am sityvebis an maTi ganmartebebis dazepirebas.

sityvis codna niSnavs, rom bavSvs SeuZlia misi ganmarteba (Tavisi sityvebiT) da gamo-
yeneba sxvadasxva konteqstSi. unda ganvasxvavoT sityvis definiciuri codna (rodesac
SegviZlia sityvis ganmarteba) sityvis konteqstualuri codnisgan (roca SegviZlia si-
tyvis sxvadasxva konteqstSi gamoyeneba). magaliTad, moswavlem SesaZloa Tavisi sityve-
biT ganmartos esa Tu is sityva, magram ver SeZlos am sityvis mniSvnelobis adekvaturad
aRqma winadadebaSi an ver Seadginos winadadeba am sityvis gamoyenebiT. meore mxriv, Sei-
Zleba bavSvs ar gauWirdes ama Tu im sityvis mniSvnelobis gageba winadadebis konteqtSi,
magram ver ganmartos igi. sityvebis codna aseve SeiZleba moicavdes sityvis morfolo-
giur analizs, sityvis nawilebisa da maTi Tanmimdevrobis gaazrebas.

skolaSi bavSvebi gansxvavebuli leqsikuri maragiT Sedian – es mniSvnelovanwiladaa da-

mokidebuli ojaxis socio-ekonomikur mdgomareobasa da kulturul maxasiaTeblebze.
bavSvebi, romlebsac skolaSi Sesvlamde ufro mdidari leqsikuri maragi aqvT, swavlaSi
ufro iolad aRweven warmatebebs. isini ki, visac mwiri sawyisi leqsikuri maragi aqvT,
nela da Znelad aRweven imave Sedegebs. Tu leqsikuri maragis gazrdasa da gawaful
kiTxvaSi problemebi gauCndeba, bavSvi ufro iSviaTad da ufro naklebs waikiTxavs. swo-
red kiTxvisTvis Tavis arideba iwvevs leqsikuri maragis simwires. ar kiTxulob – ar
gaqvs mdidari leqsika! ar gaqvs mdidari leqsika – wakiTxuls ver igeb da amitom arc
kiTxulob! saskolo teqstebs ki emateba da emateba moculoba, sirTule...

167
 leqsikuri maragis swavlebis ZiriTadi midgomebi da strategiebi
mimovixiloT leqsikuri maragis swavlebis ZiriTadi midgomebi da strategiebi. pirvel
rigSi, gavmijnoT sityvebis swavlebisa da aTvisebis ori gza, esenia: pirdapiri (eqs-
plicituri) da Tanmdevi. bavSvebi sityvebis umravlesobas arapirdapiri, Tanmdevi gziT
iTviseben1.
leqsikuri maragi

es exebaT im moswavleebsac, romlebisTvisac qarTuli ar aris mSobliuri ena. isini

qarTul sityvaTa umetesobas arapirdapiri, Tanmdevi gziT iTviseben. amitom aris mi-
zanSewonili bunebrivi midgomis, avTenturi teqstebis kiTxvis, interaqtiuli TamaSebis
gamoyeneba, romlebic sityvebis arapirdapiri gziT aTvisebis kargi saSualebebia.

sityvebis arapirdapiri gziT swavlebis yvelaze efeqturi saSualebebia:

• saubrebi da diskusiebi mravalferovan, saintereso sakiTxebze. saubarSi gagonil
sityvebs bavSvebi nabeWd teqstebSic advilad cnoben da iazreben;
• bavSvisaTvis xmamaRla wakiTxva. es aqtivoba gansakuTrebiT efeqturia, roca mki-
Txveli Cerdeba ucnob sityvasTan da ganmartavs mas, aseve, wakiTxvis Semdeg ga-
nixilavs aseT sityvebs moswavleebis monawileobiT;
• damoukidebeli kiTxva. dRes bevr saklaso oTaxSi 10-15-wuTiani damoukidebeli
kiTxvis bloki erT-erT xSirad gamoyenebul, regularul aqtivobad iqca. gasa-
Tvaliswinebelia, rom problemur mkiTxvelebs uWirT didi xniT koncentrirebu-
lad kiTxva. amitom damoukidebeli kiTxvis dros maT periodulad karg mkiTxvel-
Tan awyvileben xolme.

kvleva da pedagogiuri praqtika cxadyofs, rom gageba-gaazrebis gasaumjobeseblad gan-

sakuTrebiT sasargebloa leqsikis swavlebis ori midgomis gamoyeneba: sityvebis uwyve-
tad da regularulad swavleba (Beck, Perfetti, & McKeown, 1982) da sakiTxavi davalebis
Sesrulebamde (an teqstis wakiTxvamde) sityvebis swavleba (Brett, Rothlein, & Hurley, 1996;
Wixson, 1986).
rogorc qarTul enasa da literaturaSi, ise meore/ucxour enasa da sxva sagnebSi akade-
miuri warmatebis misaRwevad bavSvebs esaWiroebaT garkveuli sityvebis pirdapiri, for-
malizebuli gziT swavleba. am mizniT metad sasargebloa axali sityvebis winaswar gac-
noba teqstis wakiTxvamde, Seswavlil leqsikur erTeulebze periodulad savarjiSoebis
Sesruleba, maTi sxvadasxva konteqstSi gamoyeneba da a. S. calkeuli sityvis pirdapiri,
eqsplicituri swavlebis yvelaze efeqturi saSualebebia:
• sityvebis winaswar ganxilva teqstis wakiTxvamde;
• pirdapiri ganmarteba (maswavleblis mier an saxelmZRvanelodan);
• sityvis leqsikonSi moZebna;
• gaTvalsaCinoeba (suraTiT, sqematuri monaxaziT, realuri sagnebiT, moqmedebiT,
xatviT, Jest-mimikiT);
• morfologiuri analizi sityvaTwarmoebis wesebis mixedviT; sityvis daSla Sema-
dgenel nawilebad;
• mniSvnelobis amocnoba konteqstis daxmarebiT (roca maswavlebeli akeTebs mode-
lirebas da avarjiSebs moswavleebs am teqnikis gamoyenebaSi);

1
arsebobs sityvebis aTvisebis mravalferovani wyaroebi. aRmoCnda, rom bavSvebi yvelaze met sityvas
yoveldRiuri saubrebidan, damoukideblad wakiTxuli wignebidan da Jurnalebidan, televizoridan
da internetidan iReben.

168
 • sinonimebisa da antonimebis moSvelieba (msgavsi da/an sapirispiro mniSvnelobis
sityvasTan dawyvileba da dakvirveba);
• damxmare grafikuli sqemebis gamoyeneba (mag., `sityvis piramida~, `asociaciuri
ruka~, `sityvis verbaluri da vizualuri asociaciebis sqema~, `sityvis/cnebis
ruka~, `freieris sqema~ da sxv.).

arsebobs kidev ori sakvanZo strategia, romlebic xels uwyobs sityvebis gacnobierebas
da sityvebisadmi Sinagani interesis gaRvivebas. esenia: intensiuri kiTxva da Tavisufali
wera. sTxoveT moswavleebs, yuradReba gaamaxvilon avtorebis `sayvarel~ sityvebsa da
frazebze, SeTxzan leqsebi, Sairebi, repis Janris teqstebi da sxv. periodulad esau-
breT moswavleebs ama Tu im sityvis istoriaze da maTTan erTad imsjeleT, rogor Sei-
cvala sityvis mniSvneloba, rogor viyenebT mas dRes yoveldRiur metyvelebaSi.

mniSvnelovania, rom sityvis swavlebis strategiebi asakobrivad adekvaturi iyos da

gaTvaliswinebuli iyos bavSvis individualuri SesaZleblobebic. qarTulis, rogorc
meore enis maswavleblebma ki sagangebo yuradReba unda miaqcion moswavleTa leqsikuri
maragisa da enobrivi kompetenciebis indikatorebsac.

romeli sityvebi vaswavloT?

Sesaswavli sityva bevria, swavlebisTvis gamoyofili dro ki – arasakmarisi. zemoT ukve
aRvniSneT, rom wakiTxulis gaazreba mniSvnelovnad aris damokidebuli sityvebis cod-
naze. dawerili teqstebis gasaazreblad saWiro sityvebis umravlesobas Cven isev da
isev daweril teqstebTan urTierTobisas viTvisebT. meore mxriv, kargad viciT, rom
wakiTxuli teqstis gaazreba SeuZlebelia, Tuki mis Semadgenel sityvaTa umravlesobas
ver gavigebT.1

leqsikur maragTan dakavSirebuli meore problema isaa, rom sityvaTa umravlesoba

calkeul teqstSi mxolod TiTojeraa gamoyenebuli. akademiuri warmatebis misaRwe-
vad moswavlem aTiaTasobiT sityva unda icodes. am amocanis Sesrulebas ori faqtori
arTulebs: 1. moswavles drois garkveul monakveTSi SezRuduli raodenobis sityvebis
daufleba SeuZlia; 2. sityvebi gansxvavdeba sirTuliTa da gamoyenebis sixSiriT.

rogor davexmaroT moswavleebs leqsikuri maragis mudmivad gamdidrebaSi, rac rTuli

teqstebis gaazrebis aucilebeli safuZvelia? amisaTvis mxolod ori zogadi midgoma
arsebobs: 1. SevaswavloT maT is sityvebi, romlebic dasWirdebaT teqstebis gaazre-
bisTvis (eqsplicituri swavleba); 2. mivceT saSualeba, rom uSualod kiTxvis procesSi
aiTvison axali sityvebi (implicituri swavla).

sityvebis eqspliciturad swavleba karg Sedegs iZleva, magram asaTvisebeli sityvebis

raodenobas Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, sakmarisi ar aris. dawyebiT safexurze (6 wlis gan-
mavlobaSi) kviraSi saSualod 20 sityvis swavlebis SemTxvevaSic ki sul 4000 sityvas
viRebT. es ki saWiro sityvebis raodenobaze bevrad naklebia. zemoT aRweril dilemas
leqsikis swavlebis optimizaciis aucileblobamde mivyavarT. sityvebis eqspliciturad
swavlebis procesSi sagangebod unda gamovyoT is sityvebi, romelTa swavlebasac dros
davuTmobT. rogor gavakeToT es?

dasauflebeli sityvebi eqsplicituri swavlebisaTvis mizanmimarTulad unda SeirCes

1
gavixsenoT, rom teqstis sityvebis 90-95%-ze naklebis gageba mkiTxvelis frustracias iwvevs.

169
 (rogorc wesi, Sesaswavl sityvebs saxelmZRvaneloebis avtorebi arCeven. isini qmnian te-
qstebs, leqsikuri erTeulebis ganmartebebs, leqsikur savarjiSoebs da sxv.). uSualod
saswavlo procesSi dasamuSavebel sityvebs maswavleblebi gamoarCeven. isini winaswar
gansazRvraven im leqsikur erTeulebs, romlebic, savaraudod, ucxo an bundovani iqne-
ba mocemuli klasis moswavleebisTvis.

dabolos, am msjelobidan kargad Cans, Tu ramxela roli aqvs bavSvis warmatebaSi ara
leqsikuri maragi

mxolod saskolo teqstebis, aramed mravalferovani literaturis intensiurad kiTxvas.

sityvebis ranJireba
roca swavlebisaTvis sityvebis SerCevas viwyebT, sasurvelia, gaviTvaliswinoT sami Zi-
riTadi faqtori:
1. ramdenad sasargebloa am sityvis codna? ramdenad xSirad Sexvdebian moswavleebi
mas sxva teqstebSi (mag., `agebuleba~, `xarji~)? ramdenad gamoadgebaT moswavleebs
es sityva sakuTari gamocdilebis aRsawerad (mag., `komentari~, `ganrisxda~, `aRri-
cxva~)? ramdenad daexmareba es sityva ama Tu im sagnis specifikuri sakiTxebis
gaazrebaSi (mag., `Sre~, `barometri~)?
2. ra mimarTebaa am sityvasa da sxva sityvebs/cnebebs/ideebs Soris, romlebic moswa-
vleebma ukve iswavles an romlebsac axla swavloben? ramdenad azustebs an gana-
vrcobs es sityva adre naswavl cnebebsa da ideebs?
3. ra roli aqvs sityvas mocemuli teqstis nawilebis gagebis TvalsazrisiT? ram-
denad daexmareba misi codna mkiTxvels winamdebare konteqstis aRqmaSi? (mag.,
`bazieri~, `Caifufqa~ _ Tbilisze legendis gaazrebisaTvis).

Sesabamisad, Tu sityva SesaZlebelia bavSvisaTvis gasagebad aixsnas (misTvis nacnobi si-

tyvebiT) da Tu es sityva xSirad gamoadgeba moswavles sxvadasxva sakiTxze msjelobis/
weris dros, maSin misi swavleba saWiro da sasargebloa.

L1 L2
qarTulis, rogorc meore enis maswavleblebisTvis

maswavlebelma erTmaneTisgan unda gamijnos zepiri da kiTxviTi leqsikuri maragi. zepi-

ri leqsika aris imgvar sityvaTa erToblioba, romelTac adamiani yoveldRiuri saubri-
sas iyenebs. kiTxviTi leqsika ki im sityvebs gulisxmobs, romlebic teqstebis kiTxvisas
aris saWiro. zepiri leqsikuri maragi aris sayrdeni da safuZveli kiTxviTi leqsikuri
maragis dagrovebisTvis.
aucilebelia, rom moswavleebs vaswavloT winaswar SerCeuli sityvebi (romlebic ga-
moiyeneba rogorc zepiri saubrisas, aseve teqstebis kiTxvisas). amisTvis unda gamovi-
yenoT Semdegi meTodebi:
• JestebiT Cveneba (ilustrireba);
• realuri nivTebis Cveneba;
• suraTebze (posterebze, dasuraTebul baraTebze, ilustraciebze) miTiTeba;
• dafaze daxatva;
• roluri gaTamaSeba da pantomima;

170
 • maswavleblis mier mSobliur enaze sityvis dasaxeleba da moswavleebis mier
misi qarTulad warmoTqma (Tu maswavlebelma icis moswavleTa mSobliuri ena).
realuri sagnebisa da Tematuri posterebis gamoyenebis dros sasargebloa `bunebrivi
midgomis~ gamoyeneba, romelic sam safexurad SeiZleba davyoT:
o sruli fizikuri reaqcia _ am dros aqcenti gakeTebulia moswavleTa mosme-
nis unaris gawafvaze. maswavlebeli asaxelebs Sesabamis sagans, moqmedebas,
moswavleebi ki reagireben fizikurad _ aqneven Tavs dadebiTi an uaryo-
fiTi pasuxis niSnad (SeiZleba upasuxon diax/ara); asruleben maswavleblis
miTiTebebs (mag., `Tu es wignia, TiTi miideT cxvirze~, ` Tu es maisuri wi-
Telia, narine adges fexze~ da a.S.).
o erTsityviani pasuxebi _ realur sagnebsa da Tematur posterebze dayrd-
nobiT moswavleebi upasuxeben maswavleblis SekiTxvebs erTi sityviT (mag.,
`es ra aris? _ rveuli~, `sad devs CanTa? _ karadaSi~, `ras akeTebs ana? _
laparakobs~ da a.S.).
o ganvrcobili pasuxebi _ moswavleebi frazebiT, winadadebebiT upasuxeben
maswavleblis SekiTxvebs an/da TviTonve iwyeben saubars am sagnebis Tu
posterze asaxuli situaciis Sesaxeb.
leqsikis aTvisebas mniSvnelovanwilad exmareba iseTi meTodebis sistematuri gamoyene-
ba, rogorebicaa didi wignebis erToblivi kiTxva, saCvenebeli kiTxva, enobrivi praqtika
(es meTodebi dawvrilebiTaa aRwerili TavSi `anbanisa da sityvebis wakiTxvis swavleba~).
erTi semantikuri velis (mag., xili, saskolo nivTebi, Sinauri cxovelebi/frinvelebi,
ferebi, transporti, kviris dReebi da sxv.) sityvebis gamoyenebiT Sedgenili savarji-
Soebi aadvilebs velSi Semavali leqsikuri erTeulebis aTvisebas, damaxsovrebas. am
sityvebTan periodulad mibruneba, maTze saubari ganamtkicebs leqsikur codnas da
Tavdajerebulobasac Sehmatebs moswavles.
sityvebis swavlebisTvis metad sasargebloa sityvebis baraTebis gamoyeneba. sityvebis
baraTebis sxvadasxva formati (mxolod suraTiani, suraTiani da warweriani, mxolod
warweriani) iZleva maTi gamoyenebiT mravalferovani aqtivobebis dagegmvis saSualebas.
maswavlebelma intensiurad unda gamoiyenos baraTebi, riTac mniSvnelovnad Seuwyobs
xels moswavleTa leqsikuri maragis gamdidrebas da mis integrirebas sityvebis wakiTx-
vis swavlebasTan.
qvemoT mocemulia sxvadasxva meTodi/aqtivoba, romlebic gvexmareba leqsikuri maragis
dagrovebasa da gamdidrebaSi. savaraudod, zogierTi maTgani rTuli iqneba qarTulis,
rogorc meore enis Semswavleli konkretuli klasis moswavleebisTvis. maswavlebelma
Tavad unda gaamartivos meTodi da moargos moswavleTa saWiroebebs.

171
 sityvebis mniSvnelobis swavlebisa da leqsikuri maragis
gamdidrebis meTodebi/aqtivobebi
gonebrivi ruka

meTodis/aqtivobis Sesaxeb
leqsikuri maragi

`gonebrivi ruka~ aris grafikuli sqema, romelic exmareba moswavles informaciis Tval-
saCinod organizebasa da warmodgenaSi. igi gamoiyeneba rogorc sainformacio-Semecne-
biTi, ise mxatvruli teqstebis gaazrebisaTvis, axali da/an rTuli leqsikuri erTeule-
bis Sesaswavlad. gonebrivi rukis centrSi moTavsebulia cneba/Tema, xolo misgan iSleba
am cnebasTan/TemasTan dakavSirebuli ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi/cnebebi/qveTemebi. imis
gamo, rom maxasiaTeblebi gonebrivi rukis centridan klasterebad1 iSleba, mas xSirad
klasterul rukasac uwodeben.

`gonebriv rukas~ mravali daniSnulebiT iyeneben:

a) winare codnis gasaaqtiureblad;
b) wakiTxuli teqstis gasaazreblad;
g) weriTi namuSevris dasagegmad;
d) ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis instrumentad;
e) ideis/cnebis gansamartad.

am meTodis gamoyenebiT moswavleebs ganuviTardebaT:

• informaciis gaazrebisa da damaxsovrebis unarebi;
• cnebebis/sityvebis erTmaneTTan dakavSirebis unari;
• informaciis daxarisxebis unari;
• saazrovno procesis grafikulad warmodgenis unari.

muSaobis forma: individualuri, wyvili, mcire jgufi, mTeli klasi

resursi: specialuri resursi ar aris saWiro.
msvleloba
• maswavlebeli dafaze dauwers moswavleebs samizne cnebas/Temas;
• sTxovs maT, gaixsenon am cnebasTan/ideasTan dakavSirebuli maxasiaTeblebi/cne-
bebi/qveTemebi.
• moswavle dawers centralur cnebasTan/TemasTan logikurad dakavSirebul ma-
xasiaTeblebs/cnebebs/qveTemebs da xazebiT an isrebiT daakavSirebs maT samizne
cnebasTan.
• Semdeg etapze moswavleebi TiToeul axal ganStoebas kidev CaSlian axal cnebebad
da maxasiaTeblebad, romlebsac SeZlebisdagvarad xazebiT daukavSireben erTma-
neTs.

SeniSvna: mniSvnelovania, rom sawyis etapze maswavlebelma Tavad gaakeTos klasis winaSe
`gonebrivi rukis~ Sevsebis modelireba xmamaRla fiqris2 meSveobiT.

1
klasteri _ saganTa jgufi, romelic Sedgenilia msgavsi niSan-Tvisebebis mixedviT.
2
xmamaRla fiqris gamoyenebam ar unda daafrTxos qarTulis, rogorc meore enis maswavlebeli TviT
pirvel klasSic ki. cxadia, am SemTxvevaSi misi `fiqri~ unda iyos rac SeiZleba martivi, moswavleTa

172
nimuSebi:

sityvis/cnebis ruka

meTodis/aqtivobis Sesaxeb
`cnebis ruka~ gamoiyeneba rogorc axali leqsikuri erTeulis Sesaswavlad, ise ukve nac-
nobi sityvis/cnebis mniSvnelobis siRrmiseulad gasaazreblad. is gansakuTrebiT sasar-
gebloa sainformacio teqstebze samuSaod. sityvis/cnebis ruka efeqturad gamoiyeneba
gageba-gaazrebis unaris gasaviTarebladac. arsebobs am meTodis sxvadasxva varianti,
romlebic qvemoTaa SemoTavazebuli. maswavlebeli sakuTari SexedulebiT SearCevs ro-
melime maTgans konkretuli sagakveTilo miznebis Sesabamisad.

meTodis gamoyenebiT moswavleebi:

• acnobiereben kavSirebsa da mimarTebebs cnebebs Soris;
• mravali kuTxiT gaiazreben cnebas (sityvas) da masTan dakavSirebul sxva cnebebs;
• imdidreben leqsikur marags.

muSaobis forma: individualuri, wyvili, mcire jgufebi, mTeli klasi

resursi: Sesavsebi sqema (sqemis amosabeWdi versia ix. danarTSi)

msvleloba
• maswavlebeli winaswar SearCevs teqstis gasaazreblad mniSvnelovan ucnob cne-
bas/sityvas;
• maswavlebeli warudgens moswavleebs dasamuSavebel leqsikur erTeuls;
• Tu moswavleebi pirvelad asruleben am tipis savarjiSos, maswavlebeli gaacnobs
maT sityvis/cnebis rukas da aswavlis Sevsebis wess. procedura damokidebulia
imaze, Tu rukis romeli varianti ivseba (variantebi ix. qvemoT). amisaTvis SearCe-
vs sityvas, Cawers mas sqemis centrSi da nabij-nabij Seavsebs rukis sxva ujrebs.

SeniSvna: SesaZlebelia, am samodelo aqtivobis msvlelobaSi moswavleebic CaerTon.

gonebriv, leqsikur, sintaqsur SesaZleblobebs morgebuli (Tumca, Tavisuflad SesaZlebelia, maswa-

vleblis mier xmamaRla fiqris dros gamoyenebuli zogierTi sityva/fraza moswavleTaTvis jer kidev
ar iyos nacnobi.). `xmamaRla fiqris~ magaliTi gonebrivi rukis Sevsebisas sityvaze `vaSli~: `vaSli
aris wiTeli... wiTeli unda davwero aq (Tan wers.)... kidev ra aris wiTeli? wiTeli kidev aris bali,
kidev aris mze... ara, mze ar aris wiTeli... modi, jer davwero `bali~...

173
 • maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, moifiqron sinonimebi, antonimebi, arazusti
magaliTebi, ilustraciebi, am sityviT nawarmoebi sxva sityvebi, romlebic daex-
marebaT mis gaanalizebasa da damaxsovrebaSi.

mniSvnelovania, rom sinonimebisa da antonimebis mofiqrebisas maswavlebelma ar

SezRudos moswavleebi mxolod im sityvebiT, romelTa mniSvneloba zustad em-
Txveva an upirispirdeba samizne sityvis mniSvnelobas. sasurvelia, moswavlem
leqsikuri maragi

rac SeiZleba meti msgavsi/sapirispiro mniSvnelobis sityva gaixsenos da Caweros,

miuxedavad imisa, Tu ramdenad emTxveva es variantebi leqsikoniseul versias
(mag., samizne sityva _ moRuSuli; sinonimi _ moWmuxnuli, mowyenili, daRonebu-
li; antonimi _ Rimiliani, gaxarebuli, bednieri). am procesSi mTavaria sityvebs
Soris semantikuri kavSirebis damyareba, rac maTi gaazrebis, damaxsovrebisa da
sxvadasxva konteqstSi gamoyenebis efeqturi saSualebaa. maswavlebels SeuZlia
eqsplicituri msjelobiTa da konteqsturi miniSnebebiT daexmaros moswavles
sityvebs Soris mimarTebebis dazustebaSi. maswavlebeli unda moeridos uSua-
lod sqemis Sevsebisas moswavlis azrovnebis procesSi Carevas da, erTi SexedviT,
araswori magaliTebis Casworebas.
• moswavleebi iwyeben sqemis Sevsebas; muSaobisas mouwevT, ramdenjerme miubrund-
nen teqsts;
• sqemis Sevsebis Semdeg moswavleebi waradgenen TavianT namuSevrebs, ganixilaven
sqemebs da muSaoben maT dazusteba-daxvewaze teqstis moSveliebiTa da msjelo-
biT.

sityvis/cnebis rukis variaciebi

sqema 1.

ganmarteba Cemi sityvebiT sinonimebi (msgavsi mniSvnelobis mqone

sityvebi)

sityva
winadadeba ilustracia/suraTi

174
sqema 2.

sqema 3.

sityva

ganmarteba

sinonimi antonimi

fraza/winadadeba teqstidan

moswavlis fraza/winadadeba

175
 sqema 4.

sityva wignis gverdi sityva naTesaobiT brunvaSi

ganmarteba sityvis formebi

leqsikuri maragi

sinonimi antonimi magaliTebi

winadadeba/fraza teqstidan

winadadeba/fraza sityvis gamoyenebiT

Sevsebuli sqemebis nimuSebi

aveji,
xis
romelzec vjdebi

rbili

skami
zurgiani

savarZeli samfexa skami moswavlis

sityva gverdi sityva naTesaobiT brunvaSi

momTabare 2 momTabaris(a)
ganmarteba sityvis formebi
vinc erT adgilas ar cxovrobs momTabareoba;
momTabareobs
sinonimi antonimi magaliTi/asociacia
moxetiale mkvidri, binadari mwyemsi, boSa, momTabare
tomi, monRolebi
winadadeba/fraza teqstidan
`kunZulis mosaxleoba momTabare cxovrebas eweva~.
winadadeba/fraza sityvis gamoyenebiT
monRolebi momTabare xalxi iyo.

176
 sityvis verbaluri da vizualuri asociaciebis ruka

meTodis/aqtivobis Sesaxeb
verbaluri da vizualuri asociaciebis ruka kidev erTi sqematuri aqtivobaa leqsikur
erTeulebze samuSaod. moswavleebi avseben sqemas maswavleblis mier winaswar SerCeul
sityvaze (axal da/an mniSvnelovan leqsikur erTeulze).

sityva naxati

ganmarteba magaliTi / asociacia

am sqemis gamoyeneba moswavles exmareba:

• axali sityvis/cnebis mniSvnelobis gaazrebasa da damaxsovrebaSi;
• teqstis gageba-gaazrebaSi;
• warmosaxvisa da fiqris unaris gaaqtiurebaSi;
• damoukidebeli/TanamSromlobiTi muSaobis Cvevis gamomuSavebaSi.

muSaobis forma: individualuri, wyvilebi, jgufebi

resursi: Sesavsebi sqema (sqemis amosabeWdi versia ix. danarTSi), kalami, flomasteri an
fanqari.

msvleloba
• mawavlebeli winaswar SearCevs sqemaSi gansamart sityvebs (mag., wasakiTxi teqstis
mniSvnelovan an/da axal leqsikur erTeulebs,);
• maswavlebeli arigebs winaswar gamzadebul Sesavseb sqemas;
• zeda marcxena ujraSi moswavle wers Sesaswavl (gansamart) sityvas;
• zeda marjvena ujraSi xatavs/xazavs am sityvis Sesabamis gamosaxulebas;
• qveda marcxena ujraSi wers am sityvis/cnebis ganmartebas sakuTari sityvebiT;
• qveda marjvena ujraSi wers Sesabamis magaliTebsa da asociaciebs.

177
 Sevsebuli nimuSebi
leqsikuri maragi

178
Camowere da ganmarte sityvebi

meTodis/aqtivobis Sesaxeb
moswavleebi maswavleblis instruqciis mixedviT Camoweren sityvebs da ganmar-
taven maT.

am aqtivobis gamoyeneba moswavles:

• umdidrebs leqsikur marags;
• uaqtiurebs ukve naswavli leqsikuri erTeulebis codnas;
• uRrmavebs motivacias rac SeiZleba meti axali sityvis Sesaswavlad;
• aCvevs swrafad azrovnebas.

muSaobis forma: wyvilebi, jgufebi.

resursi: furclebi.

msvleloba
• maswavlebeli moswavleebs yofs or an met gundad;
• moswavleebma 3-5 wuTis ganmavlobaSi unda Camoweron rac SeiZleba bevri sityva
miTiTebul Temaze, aso-bgeraze, ilustraciaze da sxv.;
• gundebi morigeobiT kiTxuloben TiTo sityvas da ganmartaven. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu
gundi ver axsnis sityvas, mas mowinaaRmdege gundi ganmartavs.
• imarjvebs is gundi, romelsac yvelaze meti sityva eqneba Camowerili da sworad
ganmartebuli.

SeniSvna: SesaZlebelia am meTodis mravalferovani variaciebis mofiqreba da Catareba.

sityvebis gamomZiebeli

meTodis/aqtivobis Sesaxeb
moswavleebi jer sakuTari varaudiT/codniT ganmartaven maswavleblis mier SeTavaze-
bul sityvebs, Semdeg – konteqstis mixedviT, bolos – leqsikonis gamoyenebiTac.

am aqtivobis gamoyenebiT moswavle:

• imdidrebs leqsikur marags;
• eCveva varaudebis gamoTqmas sityvis mniSvnelobasTan dakavSirebiT;
• swavlobs sityvis mniSvnelobis amocnobas konteqstis mixedviT;
• eCveva leqsikonis gamoyenebas sityvis mniSvnelobis mosaZieblad an dasazuste-
blad.

muSaobis forma: individualuri, wyvilebi, jgufebi.

resursi: Sesavsebi sqemebi. sqemis amosabeWdi versia ix. danarTSi)

179
 msvleloba
• maswavlebeli kedelze akravs (an dafaze xazavs) sagangebod momzadebul samsve-
tian cxrils saTauriT: `sityvebis gamomZiebeli~. moswavleebi cxrils gadaixaza-
ven TavianT rveulebSi. SesaZlebelia, maswavlebelma moswavleebs winaswar damza-
debuli sqemebi daurigos.
• cxrilis pirvel svetSi maswavlebeli Camowers rame konkretuli teqstidan
leqsikuri maragi

amokrefil iseT sityvebs, romlebic moswavleebisTvis savaraudod ucnobi iq-

neba. mniSvnelovania, rom am sityvebis mniSvnelobis amocnoba SesaZlebeli iyos
konteqstis mixedviT.
• cxrilis meore svetSi moswavleebi weren TiToeuli sityvis savaraudo mniSvne­
lobas.
• teqstis wakiTxvisas moswavleebi konteqstiT dadgenil mniSvnelobas Seadareben
TavianT varaudebs da gzadagza Seavseben cxrilis mesame svets – sityvis konte-
qsturi mniSvnelobis svets.

variaciebi
• SesaZlebelia cxrilisTvis meoTxe svetis damateba. am svetSi moswavleebi teqs-
tis wakiTxvis Semdeg leqsikonSi moZebnian sityvebis ganmartebas da Caweren. an
SeiZleba maswavlebelma leqsikonidan amowerili ganmartebebi (mag., anbanis mixed-
viT dalagebuli) Tavad SesTavazos moswavleebs.
• aseve SesaZlebelia, meoTxe svetSi moswavleebma moifiqron da Caweron am sityve-
bis gamoyenebiT Sedgenili winadadebebi.

magaliTi

sityva Cemi ganmarteba sityvis mniSvneloba ganmarteba leqsikonSi

teqstis mixedviT
mijna jinaze, jibriT yanis sazRvari sazRvari, zRvari;

sazRvris niSani; samani

macivari karada samzareuloSi nivTi, romelSic specialuri mowyobiloba
saWmels inaxaven. raimes gasaciveblad da
Sesanaxad

sityvis piramida

meTodis/aqtivobis Sesaxeb
sityvis piramida efeqtiru saSualebaa axal leqsikur erTeulebze samuSaod.

moswavleebi avseben qvemoT mocemul sqemas SerCeul sityvaze:

180
misi meSveobiT moswavle:
• ganmartavs axal, samizne sityvas;
• moiSveliebs sinonims am sityvis mniSvnelobis kidev ufro dasazusteblad;
• iaqtiurebs ukve naswavli leqsikuri erTeulebis codnas;
• iviTarebs axali leqsikuri erTeulis praqtikulad gamoyenebis Cvevas.

muSaobis forma: individualuri, wyvilebi, jgufebi.

resursi: Sesavsebi sqemebi (sqemis amosabeWdi versia ix. danarTSi)

msvleloba
• maswavlebeli moswavleebs urigebs winaswar gamzadebul sqemebs.
• piramidis wveroSi, sul zeda safexurze, weria samizne sityva.
• am sityvis qveS moswavleebi weren am sityvis ganmartebas.
• ganmartebas qveS miuweren sinonims.
• sul qveviT, bolo safexurze, moswavleebi weren am sityvis gamoyenebiT Sedgenil
winadadebas.

nimuSebi:

181
 dakarguli sityvebi

meTodis/aqtivobis Sesaxeb
moswavleebi avseben teqstis monakveTs, romelSic gamotovebulia ramdenime sityva.
am meTodis gamoyenebiT moswavle:
leqsikuri maragi

• imdidrebs leqsikur marags;

• swavlobs saWiro sityvis amocnobas konteqstis mixedviT;
• acnobierebs, rom erTi da igive azri SeiZleba sxvadasxvagvarad gadmovceT;
• eCveva kiTxvis procesSi swraf azrovnebas.

muSaobis forma: jgufuri, wyvilebi, individualuri.

resursi: Sesavsebi teqstebi.

msvleloba
• maswavlebeli winaswar SearCevs mcire zomis teqts/teqstis monakveTs, romlida-
nac amoiRebs ramdenime sityvas. mniSvnelovania, rom es sityvebi advilad amosac-
nobi iyos konteqstis mixedviT da met-naklebad Tanabrad gafantuli teqstSi;
• moswavleebi kiTxuloben da cdiloben, daubrunon teqsts `dakarguli~ sityvebi,
anu gamoicnon da saWiro adgilas Caweron gamotovebuli sityvebi;
• erTi gamotovebuli sityvis adgilas moswavleebs SeuZliaT, ramdenime savaraudo
varianti Caweron, Tuki mocemuli konteqsti iZleva amis SesaZleblobas;
• muSaobis dasrulebis Semdeg SesaZlebelia moswavleebma, Tu damoukideblad mu­
Sa­obd­nen, wyvilebSi erTmaneTs gauziaron TavianTi namuSevrebi. Seajeron da ga-
daamowmon, sworad Casves Tu ara gamotovebuli sityvebi.
• moswavleebi msjeloben, Tu ra daexmaraT ama Tu im sityvis SerCevaSi.
• muSaobis dasrulebis Semdeg maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTavazobs teqstis avto-
riseul variants.

variacia: Casasmel sityvas moswavleebi SearCeven maswavleblis mier SeTavazebuli sami

sityvidan.

dRis sityva

meTodis/aqtivobis Sesaxeb
wakiTxuli teqstebidan an sityvis kedlidan SeirCeva erT-erTi sityva, romelsac im
dRis ganmavlobaSi gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eTmoba.

am aqtivobis daxmarebiT moswavleebi:

• eCvevian msjelobas;
• swavloben teqstTan (sakiTxTan) dakavSirebuli mniSvnelovani sityvebis SerCevas;
• iaqtiureben ukve naswavli leqsikuri erTeulebis codnas;
• imdidreben leqsikur marags.

182
muSaobis forma: wyvilebi, individualuri.

resursi: sagangebod SerCeuli didi zomis sityvis baraTi, furclebi.

msvleloba
• klasSi erToblivi msjelobiT SeirCeva `dRis sityva~.
• moswavleebi CamoTvlian `dRis sityvis~ rac SeiZleba met maxasiaTebels;

magaliTi

SerCeuli sityva: mercxali

maxasiaTeblebi: iwyeba Tanxmovanze. aris sammarcvliani. Seicavs sityvebs `ali~, `me~ da

`xali~. Sedgeba rva asosgan: aqedan xuTi Tanxmovania, sami xmovani. yvela xmovani gansxva-
vebulia. yvela Tanxmovanic gansxvavebulia. aRniSnavs sulier arsebas, frinvels. daes-
mis SekiTxva `ra?~ wakiTxuli maqvs leqsi am saTauriT...

sityvebi wyvilebSi (waSale sityva I)

meTodis/aqtivobis Sesaxeb
moswavleebi sxvadasxva mravalferovan savarjiSos asruleben maswavleblis mier dafaze
Camoweril sityvebze.

am aqtivobis gamoyenebiT moswavle:

• swavlobs leqsikuri erTeulebis praqtikul gamoyenebas, gavrcobili winadade-
bebis agebas;
• iviTarebs zepirmetyvelebis unars;
• iZens ama Tu im Temaze Tamamad saubris unars;
• swavlobs Sejibrisas emociebis marTvas.

muSaobis forma: wyvilebi

resursi: carci an markeri, dafa.

msvleloba
• maswavlebeli, miznis Sesabamisad, winaswar SearCevs sityvebs konkretuli teqsti-
dan an nebismieri Temidan (sasurvelia, iyos naklebad cnobili sityvebi);
• Semdeg dafaze or svetad Camowers garkveuli raodenobis SerCeul sityvebs (Sei-
Zleba daiwyoT TiTo svetSi 3-4 sityviT da TandaTan gazardoT maTi raodenoba);
• klasidan SearCevs or moswavles, romlebic dgebian dafis win, erTmaneTTan axlos;
• maswavleblis niSanze moswavleebi rigrigobiT warmoTqvamen winadadebebs im si-
tyvebis gamoyenebiT, romlebic dafaze weria – erTi moswavle erTi svetidan,
meore – meore svetidan;
• moswavleebi TandaTan waSlian im sityvebs, romlebic gamoiyenes (sityvebis gamo-
yenebisas maT Tanmimdevrobas mniSvneloba ara aqvs); Tavidan SeiZleba moswavle-
Ta warmoTqmuli winadadebebi erTmaneTs azrobrivad ar ukavSirdebodes, magram,

183
 Semdeg etapze, sasurvelia, moswavleTa warmoTqmuli winadadebebi erTmaneTs
agrZelebdes azrobrivad (erT Temas exebodes).
• imarjvebs is moswavle, romelic yvela (an ufro met) sityvas waSlis/Semoxazavs
(anu gamoiyenebs).

SeniSvna: es aqtivoba SeiZleba gamoviyenoT Seswavlili an wakiTxuli teqstis Sinaarsis

leqsikuri maragi

gadmosacemad (axali sityvebis gamoyenebiT), an axalSeswavlili sityvebis gasaaqtiure-

blad (winadadebebSi maTi CasmiT).

variacia

SesaZlebelia es aqtivoba werilobiTac ganxorcieldes anu moswavleebma maswa-

vleblis mier Camoweril sityvebze ara zepirad, aramed werilobiT Seadginon
winadadebebi.

waSale sityva II

meTodis/aqtivobis Sesaxeb
or gundad dayofili moswavleebi rigrigobiT ganmartaven maswavleblis mier dafaze
Camoweril sityvebs.

am aqtivobis gamoyenebiT moswavle:

• iaqtiurebs Seswavlili leqsikuri erTeulebis codnas;
• eCveva swrafad azrovnebas;
• imdidrebs leqsikur marags.

muSaobis forma: jgufebi.

resursi: carci/markeri, dafa.

msvleloba
• maswavlebeli dafaze or svetad Camowers garkveuli raodenobis sityvebs (Sei-
Zleba daiwyoT TiTo svetSi 3-4 sityviT da TandaTan gazardoT maTi raodenoba);
• Semdeg moswavleebs dayofs or gundad. orive gundi Camwkrivdeba dafis win;
• maswavleblis niSanze jer erTi gundis wevri kiTxulobs sityvas Tavisi svetidan
da ganmartavs mis mniSvnelobas, Semdeg – meore gundis wevri;
• sityvis ganmartebis Semdeg moswavle waSlis sityvas da dgeba Tavisi mwkrivis bo-
loSi. Tu sityvis ganmarteba araswori iqneba, maSin moswavles ar eZleva sityvis
waSlis ufleba;
• ase rigrigobiT ganimarteba da waiSleba yvela sityva;
• imarjvebs is gundi, romelic yvela (an ufro met) sityvas waSlis (anu ganmartavs).

SeniSvna: moswavles ufleba aqvs, sityvis mniSvneloba nebismierad gamoxatos: pirdapiri gan-
martebiT, JestikulaciiT, mimikiT, gaTamaSebiT, daxatviT, sqemiT, uSualo CvenebiT da sxv.

184
sinonimebis banqo I

meTodis/aqtivobis Sesaxeb
moswavleebi eZeben maswavleblis mier darigebul sityvaTa banqoSi mocemuli sityvis
sinonimebs.

am aqtivobis gamoyenebiT moswavle:

• swavlobs sityvebis sinonimebs;
• iaqtiurebs Seswavlili leqsikuri erTeulebis codnas;
• imdidrebs leqsikur marags.

muSaobis forma: individualuri, wyvilebi, mcire jgufebi.

resursi: banqos zomis baraTebis dasta sinonimuri sityvebiT.

msvleloba
• maswavlebeli amzadebs `banqos~ dastas – baraTebis wyvilebs sinonimuri sity-
vebiT (mag., lamazi, mSvenieri). TiTo baraTze weria sinonimuri wyvilis TiTo
sityva.
• TamaSobs ori moswavle an moswavleTa ori jgufi. aseve SesaZlebelia, TamaSi gai-
marTos moswavleTa wyvilebs Soris.
• maswavlebeli TiToeul moTamaSes (moswavles an moswavleTa wyvils/jgufs) dau-
rigebs Tanabari raodenobis baraTebs.
• maswavlebeli daitovebs baraTebis erT naxevars, daikavebs xelSi an dadebs magi-
daze warweriT qvemoT.
• TamaSis dasawyebad maswavlebeli dadebs (an amoabrunebs) magidaze erT baraTs.
• moswavleebi (an wyvilebi) eZeben magidaze dadebul baraTze dawerili sityvis si-
nonimur sityvas TavianT baraTebSi.
• sinonimis moZebnis SemTxvevaSi moswavle am sityvas dadebs magidaze dadebul ba-
raTze, Semdeg ki orive baraTs aiRebs.
• gamarjvebulia is moswavle (jgufi), romelic yvelaze met `banqos~ (sinonimebian
baraTebs) daagrovebs.

variacia (sityvis wakiTxva): pirvel da meore klasebSi moswavleebs urigdebaT sityvebis

baraTebi, maswavlebeli itovebs sityvebis Sesabamisi naxatebis baraTebs. TamaSi saukeTe-
soa sityvis dekodirebis/mTlianad amocnobis unaris gansaviTareblad.

sinonimebis banqo II

meTodis/aqtivobis Sesaxeb
moswavleebi eZeben sinonimuri wyvilebis baraTebs.

meTodis gamoyenebiT moswavleebi:

• Seiswavlian da daimaxsovreben sinonimur wyvilebs;

185
 • gaiaqtiureben Seswavlili leqsikuri erTeulebis codnas;
• gaivarjiSeben yuradRebis koncentrirebis unars.

muSaobis forma: ori an meti moTamaSe.

resursi: banqos zomis kvadratuli baraTebis dasta sinonimuri sityvebiT.

leqsikuri maragi

msvleloba
• maswavlebeli amzadebs sinonimebis dastas baraTebis wyvilebs sinonimuri sityve-
biT (mag., mamaci, guladi). TiTo baraTze weria sinonimuri wyvilis TiTo sityva;
• maswavlebeli yvela baraTs pirqve daawyobs magidaze, magaliTad: 5x4 an 6x5;
• yovel svlaze moswavles SeuZlia mxolod ori baraTis amobruneba;
• pirveli moswavle amoabrunebs nebismier 2 baraTs da aCvenebs danarCenebs. Tu
baraTebze weria sinonimebi, maSin moswavle itovebs maT. isev misi svlaa da axla
amoabrunebs sxva ors. Tu baraTebze mocemuli sityvebi ar Seadgens sinonimur
wyvils, moswavle, mas Semdeg, rac yvelas aCvenebs, Tav-Tavis adgilze abrunebs
baraTebs (isev sawyis mdgomareobaSi). moswavleebi imaxsovreben, romeli baraTi
sad devs;

SeniSvna: aucilebelia, rom baraTebs adgilebi ar SeecvaloT.

• momdevno moswavlesac, winas msgavsad, aqvs mxolod 2 baraTis aRebis ufleba.

jer iRebs erTs, cdilobs gaixsenos, sad devs misi sinonimi (Tu wina moswavlis
aRebuli erT-erTi baraTi Seesabameboda) da awyvilebs mas aRebul baraTTan. aseT
SemTxvevaSi isev misi svlaa;
• Tu moswavlem baraTs ver mouZebna wyvili, svla gadadis Semdeg moTamaSeze;
• aqtivoba grZeldeba yvela baraTis gaTamaSebamde;
• gamarjvebulia is moswavle, romelic yvelaze met sinonimur wyvils Seagrovebs.

SeniSvna: msgavsi aqtivobis ganxorcieleba SesaZlebelia sityvebis wakiTxvis komponent-

Sic naxatisa da sityvis baraTebis wyviliT (ix. anbanisa da sityvebis wakiTxvis swavlebis
bloki).

sityva sityvaSi

meTodis/aqtivobis Sesaxeb
moswavleebi ukvirdebian rTul, nawarmoeb sityvas, amoicnoben mis mniSvnelobas, Slian
mas da asaxeleben msgavsad warmoebul sityvebs.

am aqtivobis sistematuri gamoyeneba moswavles:

• umdidrebs leqsikur marags;
• uviTarebs praqtikul gramatikul unar-Cvevebs;
• exmareba, kargad gaiazros sityvis mniSvneloba;
• uviTarebs SemoqmedebiT unars.

muSaobis forma: mTeli klasi (individualurad an wyvilebSi)

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resursi: dafa, carci, furceli/rveuli, kalami.

msvleloba
• maswavlebeli dafaze dawers sityvas, romelic miRebulia sityvaze TavsarT-bo-
losarTis darTviT (mag., `gamxecebuli~, `mequde~, kudiani, ukudo, moSavo);
• moswavleebi akvirdebian am sityvas da cdiloben, amoicnon, romeli sityvisganaa
igi miRebuli;
• amocnobis Semdeg moswavleebi asaxeleben sayrden sityvas (am SemTxvevaSi – `mxe-
ci~, `qudi~);
• moswavleebi, maswavleblis daxmarebiT, nawilebad Slian asaxsnel sityvas _ gamoyo-
fen mis ZiriTad nawils da TavsarT-bolosarTs (am terminis Teoriuli ganmartebis
gareSe – mxolod praqtikul-konkretul konteqstSi. mag.: ga-mxec-ebuli, me-qud-e);
• moswavleebi ixseneben sxva, msgavsad miRebul, nacnob sityvebs (mag., `gaqvavebu-
li~, `gawyalebuli~, `mepure~, `mekare~...) da maTi gaTvaliswinebiT gaiazreben da-
samuSavebeli sityvis (`gamxecebuli~) mniSvnelobas;
• moswavleebi analogiiT TviTon qmnian msgavs sityvebs (jiuti _ gajiutebuli,
bavSvi – gabavSvebuli... mewigne, memawvne).
• bavSvebi aseve moifiqreben iseT sityvebs, romlebic am sayrdeni sityvisganaa
nawarmoebi (mag., samxece, mxecurad... qudiani, uqudo...).

sityvis daSla (sityvebi sityvaSi)

meTodis/aqtivobis Sesaxeb
es aqtivoba gamoiyeneba rTuli sityvebis (kompozitebis) mniSvnelobis gasaazreblad.

am meTodis sistematuri gamoyeneba moswavles:

• umdidrebs leqsikur marags;
• gamoumuSavebs praqtikul gramatikul unar-Cvevebs;
• xels uwyobs, kargad gaiazros sityvis Semadgenloba da, Sesabamisad, misi mniSvneloba;
• uaqtiurebs ukve naswavli leqsikuri erTeulebis codnas.

muSaobis forma: mTeli klasi (individualurad an wyvilebSi)

resursi: dafa, carci, furceli/rveuli, kalami.

msvleloba
• maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs, sityvebis grovidan (an miTiTebuli teqsti-
dan) amoiweron iseTi ucnobi sityvebi, romlebic ori (an sami) sityvisgan Sedgeba
(unda iyos udefiso sityvebi);
• moswavleebi eZeben da amoiweren udefiso rTul sityvebs (mag., `adgilmdebareo-
ba~, `dabalxmiani~, `cicinaTela~, `cisartyela~, `zurgCanTa~);
• maswavleblis miTiTebiT moswavleebi akvirdebian amoweril sityvas da asaxeleben
mis Semadgenel sityvebs (`adgili~ da `mdebareoba~, `dabali~ da `xma~);.
• Semdeg gaiazreben Semadgeneli sityvebis mniSvnelobas (isini maTTvis nacnobi

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 unda iyos) da, maTze dayrdnobiT, amoicnoben da gaiazreben ucnobi rTuli sity-
vis mniSvnelobas.

magaliTi
gasaazrebelia sityvis `qarborbala ~ mniSvneloba. moswavleebi akvirdebian am sityvas
da gamoyofen mis Semadgenel sityvebs: `qari~ da `borbali~. am orive sityvis mniSvnelo-
leqsikuri maragi

ba maT ukve ician da maTze dayrdnobiT Tavad aRmoaCenen ucnobi sityvis mniSvnelobas
(qarborbala – Zlieri qari, romelic borbaliviT trialebs).

SeniSvna: es meTodi ar gamodgeba yvela saxis rTuli sityvisTvis. pirvel yovlisa, ar

gamodgeba defisiani rTuli sityvebisTvis. aseve ar gamodgeba iseTi rTuli sityve-
bisTvis, romelTa Semadgeneli nawilebis mniSvneloba ar Seesabameba mTliani sityvis
mniSvnelobas. magaliTad, sityva `qinZisTavi~ daiSleba or sityvad: `qinZi~ da `Tavi~,
magram maTi mniSvnelobebis codna ver gvexmareba sityva qinZisTavis mniSvnelobis gark-
vevaSi. aseTive sityvebia: kenWisyra, Tavdadeba da sxv.

sityvebis grova

meTodis/aqtivobis Sesaxeb
moswavleebi maswavleblis mier SerCeuli sityvebis grovidan SearCeven saWiro sityvebs
da asruleben sxvadasxva davalebas.

am aqtivobis gamoyenebiT moswavle:

• iaqtiurebs ukve naswavli leqsikuri erTeulebis codnas;
• iviTarebs axali leqsikuri erTeulebis praqtikulad gamoyenebis Cvevas;
• iaqtiurebs SemoqmedebiT unars;
• iviTarebs praqtikul gramatikul unar-Cvevebs.

muSaobis forma: individualuri, wyvilebi, jgufebi.

resursi: dafa, carci/markeri, furceli.

msvleloba
• maswavlebeli, gakveTilis/aqtivobis miznis Sesabamisad, winaswar SearCevs sityvebs;
• SerCeul sityvebs uwesrigod mimofantavs dafaze (dawers an sityvis baraTebs
gaakravs);
• Semdeg moswavleebs aZlevs miznis Sesabamis davalebebs da gansazRvravs dros;
• moswavleebi akvirdebian sityvebis grovas da eZeben davalebis Sesabamis sityvebs;
• sityvebis moZebnis an SerCevis Semdeg moswavleebi asruleben davalebas da akeTe-
ben prezentaciebs.

davalebis magaliTebi
1. sityvebis grovaSi moZebnon 6 iseTi sityva, romlebsac daesmis kiTxva `sad?~ an
`rodis?~ da maTi gamoyenebiT Seadginon winadadebebi (sasurvelia, TiToeul
winadadebaSi ar iyos 5 sityvaze naklebi. SeiZleba, erT winadadebaSi 2 an 3 Ser-
Ceuli sityva erTad gamoiyenon).

188
 2. survilisamebr amoirCion 10 sityva da maTi gamoyenebiT SeTxzan moTxroba, zRa-
pari an leqsi.
3. moZebnon da amoiweron msgavsi mniSvnelobis mqone sityvaTa wyvilebi.
4. moZebnon da amoiweron erTmaneTis sapirispiro mniSvnelobis mqone sityvaTa wyvi-
lebi.
5. moZebnon da Semdeg cal-calke svetebSi Camoweron sityvebi, romlebsac daesmis
kiTxva `ra?~, `ras?~, `vin?~, `vis?~.
6. moZebnon da amoiweron sityvebi, romlebic mravlobiT ricxvSia.
7. moZebnon da amoiweron sityvebi, romlebiTac gadmocemulia adamianis grZnobebi
(sixaruli, yoymani, SiSi da sxv.).
8. moZebnon da amoiweron sityvebi, romlebic gviCveneben, rogoria sagani.
9. moZebnon iseTi sityvebi, romlebic ori sityvisganaa Sedgenili. Semdeg cal-
calke svetebSi Camoweron defisianebi da udefisoebi.
10. sityvebis grovaSi moZebnon da amoiweron 5 wyvili iseTi sityvebisa, romlebic
erTmaneTs eriTmeba.
11. moZebnon da amoiweron kiTxviTi da uaryofiTi sityvebi.

mniSvnelovani sityvebi

meTodis/aqtivobis Sesaxeb
am meTodis gamoyenebisas moswavleebi wakiTxuli teqstidan amoiweren im sityvebs,
romlebic, maTi azriT, yvelaze mniSvnelovania am teqstSi.
am meTodis gamoyenebiT moswavleebi:
• imdidreben leqsikur marags;
• iviTareben axal sityvebze muSaobisa da sxvadasxva konteqstSi maTi adekvaturad
gamoyenebis unar-Cvevas;
• swavloben mTavari da meorexarisxovani informaciis garCevas da, aqedan gamomdi-
nare, mniSvnelovani da naklebmniSvnelovani sityvebis gamoyofas;
• iviTareben msjelobis, wakiTxuli teqstis gagebisa da analizis unarebs.

muSaobis forma: individualuri, wyvilebi.

resursi: teqsti, mcire zomis webovani baraTebi.

msvleloba
• maswavlebeli winaswar SearCevs aRweriTi tipis teqsts;
• TiToeul moswavles/wyvils urigebs teqstis TiTo egzemplars da 5-10 webovan
baraTs – stikers (Tavdapirvelad sasurvelia sityvaTa mcire raodenobiT dawye-
ba, magaliTad, 3-4 sityviT, Semdeg ki sityvebis raodenoba nel-nela gaizrdeba);
• moswavleebi winaswar gansazRvrul droSi (teqstis sididisa da sirTulis gaTva-
liswinebiT) yuradRebiT kiTxuloben teqsts da iqidan baraTebze amoiweren, maTi
azriT, teqstis Sinaarsis gasaazreblad yvelaze mniSvnelovan ramdenime sityvas
(TiTo baraTze – TiTo sityva);

189
 • rodesac yvela moswavle daasrulebs sityvebis amoweras, dafaze (an formatis qa-
Raldze) iwyeben sityvebis svetebis Seqmnas: erTi moswavle/wyvili horizontalu-
rad ganaTavsebs Tavis baraTebs, meore ki im sityvebs, romlebic mis baraTebzec
meordeba, miakravs ukve gakruli amave sityvebis qveS (anu daiwyebs vertikaluri
svetis Seqmnas), xolo danarCenebs isev horizontalur rigSi ganaTavsebs;
• yvela moswavle analogiuri principiT ganalagebs Tavis amoweril sityvebs dafaze
leqsikuri maragi

(an formatze);
• maswavlebeli iTvlis, ramdenjer meordeba esa Tu is sityva da gamoavlens yve-
laze reitingul sityvebs.
• miRebul Sedegebze dayrdnobiT, gaimarTeba diskusia (mag., romeli sityvebi Seir-
Ca yvelaze xSirad? Tqveni azriT, teqstSi rom ar yofiliyo es sityva, moaklde-
boda Tu ara mniSvnelovani informacia teqsts? da a.S.).
SeniSvna: SesaZlebelia maswavlebelma mniSvnelovani sityvebis gamoyenebiT moswavleebs
wyvilebSi an jgufebSi Seasrulebinos sxvadasxva tipis davalebebi (mag., sinonimebis/
antonimebis SerCeva, asociaciuri rukis Sedgena, ilustrireba, pantomimiT gacocxleba
da a.S.).

winadadebis ganvrcoba

meTodis/aqtivobis Sesaxeb
moswavleebi amdidreben, ganavrcoben SeTavazebul winadadebas SekiTxvebis mixedviT.

am aqtivobis Sedegad moswavle:

• iviTarebs gavrcobili winadadebebis Camoyalibebis unars;
• iaqtiurebs ukve naswavli leqsikuri erTeulebis codnas;
• imdidrebs leqsikur marags.

muSaobis forma: individualuri, wyvilebi, jgufebi

resursi: baraTebi SekiTxvebiT, baraTebi martivi winadadebebiT, dafa, carci/markeri,

furceli.

msvleloba
• maswavlebeli amzadebs baraTebs SekiTxvebiT. TiTo baraTze TiTo SekiTxvaa: sad?
rodis? rogor? rogori? ratom? risTvis?
• maswavlebeli moswavleebs urigebs an daawerinebs martiv winadadebebs (mag., `ma-
mam wamiyvana.~). SesaZlebelia erTi winadadeba daurigos yvelas, SesaZlebelia,
sxvadasxva;
• moswavleebi baraTebis saerTo dastidan rigrigobiT iReben SekiTxvebian bara-
Tebs da Caweril martiv winadadebebs am SekiTxvebis mixedviT ganavrcoben _ ama-
teben wevrebs zepirad an werilobiT (anda jer zepirad, Semdeg werilobiT);
• davalebis Sesrulebis Semdeg moswavleebi klass warudgenen TavianT ganvrcobil
winadadebebs.

190
magaliTi

martivi winadadeba: mamam wamiyvana.

ganvrcoba SekiTxvebis gamoyenebiT:

sad? _ mamam tyeSi wamiyvana.

rodis? _ guSin mamam tyeSi wamiyvana.

rogor? _ guSin mamam uRran tyeSi wamiyvana.

risTvis? _ guSin mamam uRran tyeSi wamiyvana sokoebis dasakrefad.

rogori? _ guSin mamam uRran tyeSi wamiyvana wiTelqudiani sokoebis dasakrefad.

SesaZlo winadadebebi sakvanZo sityvebis gamoyenebiT

meTodis/aqtivobis Sesaxeb
moswavleebi teqstis wakiTxvamde teqstSi arsebuli sityvebis gamoyenebiT adgenen wina-
dadebebs, erTgvarad prognozireben teqstis Sinaarss.

am meTodis gamoyeneba moswavleebs:

• uviTarebs axal leqsikur erTeulebze muSaobisa da sxvadasxva konteqstSi maTi
gamoyenebis unar-Cvevas;
• uviTarebs teqstSi mTavari da meorexarisxovani informaciebis garCevis unar-Cvevas;
• umdidrebs leqsikur marags.

muSaobis forma: individualuri, wyvilebi

resursi: furclebi.

msvleloba
• maswavlebeli teqstidan winaswar SearCevs da dafaze (an formatze) Camowers sak-
vanZo leqsikur erTeulebs, romlebic mniSvnelovania teqstis gasaazreblad (Se-
saZlebelia, romelime sityva ucnobi iyos moswavleTa umravlesobisTvis);
• sityvebi Camoiwereba im TanmimdevrobiT, ra TanmimdevrobiTac gvxvdeba teqstSi;
• maswavlebeli xmamaRla da garkveviT kiTxulobs TiToeul sityvas;
• moswavleebi msjeloben am sityvebis mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb, azusteben mniSvnelo-
bebs;
• moswavleebi Camowerili sityvebis gamoyenebiT, werilobiT an zepirad, adgenen
SesaZlo winadadebebs, anu iseT winadadebebs, romlebic, savaraudod, teqstSi
SexvdebaT;
• teqstis wakiTxvis Semdeg moswavleebi isev miubrundebian wakiTxvamde Camoyalibe-
bul SesaZlo winadadebebs da TavianT versiebs Seadareben teqstSi amokiTxuls;
• moswavleebi msjeloben, Tu ramdenad daemTxva maTi winadadebebis Sinaarsi teqs-
tis winadadebebis Sinaarss.

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 SeniSvna: zogjer maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, teqstis kiTxvisas Tu nusxaSi moce-
mul sityvas ipovian, moniSnon igi (gaxazon/Semoxazon), an aswion Sekruli/gaSlili xeli.

fantaziorebi da realistebi (ucnauri winadadebebi)

meTodis/aqtivobis Sesaxeb
leqsikuri maragi

or jgufad dayofili moswavleebi erTi da imave sityvebis gamoyenebiT adgenen realis-

tur da fantastikur winadadebebs.

am aqtivobis meSveobiT moswavleebi:

• imdidreben leqsikur marags;
• iaqtiureben ukve naswavli leqsikuri erTeulebis codnas;
• eCvevian dakvirvebas, yuradRebis mobilizebas, sityvis/winadadebis mniSvnelobis
kargad gaazrebas;
• iviTareben SemoqmedebiT da socialur unarebs.

samuSao forma: wyvilebi, mcire jgufebi

resursi: sityvis baraTebi, furceli.

msvleloba
• maswavlebeli klass yofs or jgufad. erT jgufs hqvia `fantaziorebi~, meores
– `realistebi~;
• maswavlebeli `fantaziorebisa~ da `realistebis~ wyvilebs/jgufebs urigebs si-
tyvebis baraTebs (orives erTnairs);
• `fantaziorebi~ am sityvebis gamoyenebiT adgenen ucnaur (absurduli Sinaarsis)
winadadebebs;
• `realistebi~ amave sityvebis gamoyenebiT adgenen Cveulebriv, realuri Sinaarsis
mqone winadadebebs;
• jgufebi waradgenen TavianT winadadebebs da dafaze akraven (an weren). isini erT-
sa da imave sityvebze Sedgenil winadadebebs erTmaneTis gverdiT ganaTavseben da
msjeloben maT Sesaxeb.

magaliTi

sityva: xorTumi.

`fantaziorebis~ winadadeba:

Cemma ZaRlma Tavisi grZeli xorTumiT yurebze bafTebi gaikeTa.

`realistebis~ winadadeba:

afrikul spilos Zalian grZeli xorTumi aqvs.

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sityvebis dajgufeba kategoriebSi

meTodis/aqtivobis Sesaxeb
moswavleebi ajgufeben SeTavazebul sityvebs garkveuli niSan-Tvisebebis/kategoriebis
mixedviT da msjeloben amis Sesaxeb.

am meTodis gamoyeneba xels uwyobs moswavleebSi:

• leqsikuri maragis gamdidrebas;
• Seswavlili leqsikuri erTeulebis codnis gaaqtiurebas;
• sityvebs/cnebebs Soris mimarTebebis gacnobierebas;
• sityvis/cnebis kategorizebas.

muSaobis forma: individualuri, mcire jgufebi;

resursi: furcelze Camowerili sityvebis nusxa TiToeuli moswavlisaTvis/jgufisTvis,

kategoriebis cxrili.

msvleloba

I varianti
• maswavlebeli TiToeul moswavles/jgufs urigebs furcels winaswar SerCeuli
sityvebis nusxiT; nusxa SesaZloa erTnairi iyos yvela moswavlisaTvis/jgufis-
Tvis, SesaZloa _ gansxvavebuli.
• Semdeg acxadebs kategorias/kategoriebs (mag., cxovelebi, sakvebi da a.S.);
• moswavleebi sityvebis nusxaSi eZeben dasaxelebuli kategoriis Sesabamis sityvebs
da amoweren furcelze;
• samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg moswavleebi xmamaRla kiTxuloben TavianT namuSevrebs
da, maswavleblis daxmarebiT, gadaamowmeben, sworad daajgufes Tu ara sityvebi.

SeniSvna: SesaZlebelia, moswavleebma TviTonac moifiqron sityvebi maswavleblis mier

dasaxelebuli ama Tu im kategoriisaTvis.

II varianti
• maswavlebeli TiToeul moswavles/jgufs urigebs furcels winaswar SerCeuli
sityvebis nusxiT; nusxa SesaZloa erTnairi iyos yvela moswavlisaTvis/jgufis-
Tvis, SesaZloa _ gansxvavebuli.
• moswavleebi, nusxis sityvebze dakvirvebiT, TviTon moifiqreben kategoriebs da
nusxis sityvebs am kategoriebSi daajgufeben;
• samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg moswavleebi xmamaRla kiTxuloben TavianT namuSe-
vrebs da maswavleblis daxmarebiT gadaamowmeben, sworad SeurCies Tu ara sity-
vebs kategoriebi.

SesaZlo kategoriebi
• vin jgufis saxelebi, ra jgufis saxelebi, sityvebi mxolobiT ricxvSi, sityvebi
mravlobiT ricxvSi.
• WurWeli, aveji, tansacmeli, saTamaSo, sakvebi.

193
 • mcenare, cxoveli, frinveli, mweri.
• Tvisebebi, grZnobebi, garemoebebi (sad, rodis, rogor...).
• rTuli sityvebi, sityvebi anbanis mixedviT, sityvebi marcvalTa/asoTa raodeno-
bis mixedviT.

emociebi/grZnobebi Tvisebebi viTarebebi/garemoebebi

leqsikuri maragi

danaRvlianda mouTmeneli Ramdeboda

aRfrTovanda gulCvili sxvebTan erTad

L1 L2
qarTulis, rogorc meore enis maswavleblebisTvis

meore enis moswavleebisaTvis maswavlebelma unda SearCios martivi kategoriebi

cxoveli saWmeli garegnoba

zRarbi namcxvari didyura
kurdReli Semwvari kartofili msuqani

sityvebis banki I

meTodis/aqtivobis Sesaxeb
moswavleebi agroveben sityvebs, romlebic klasSi sxvadasxva weriTi Tu zepiri aqti-
vobebis dros aris xolme gamoyenebuli (mag., `dakarguli sityvebis~ aqtivobis ganxor-
cielebisas `napovni~ sityvebi). moswavleebi periodulad ubrundebian am sityvebs da
asruleben sxvadasxva davalebas.

am aqtivobis gamoyeneba moswavleebs:

• uaqtiurebs Seswavlili leqsikuri erTeulebis codnas;
• aCvevs maT praqtikul gamoyenebas, winadadebebis agebas;
• uviTarebs zepirmetyvelebis unars;
• umdidrebs leqsikur marags.

muSaobis forma: individualuri, wyvilebi, jgufebi.

resursi: mcire zomis baraTebi zed dawerili sityvebiT.

msvleloba
• maswavlebeli moswavleebs daawerinebs sityvebs baraTebze da Caawyobinebs sagan-
gebod damzadebul ujrebian yuTSi an jibeebian kedlis CanTaSi.
• roca `sityvebis bankSi~ sakmao raodenobis sityvebi dagrovdeba, SeiZleba maTi
dajgufeba, kategorizeba da Cawyoba sxvadasxva ujraSi/jibeSi, romelTac eqneba
Sesabamisi warwerebi (magaliTad., `cxovelebi~, `nivTebi~...).

194
aqtivobebi `sityvebis bankisTvis~:
• cxovelebis ujridan/jibidan amoiRe erTi baraTi da isaubre masze dawerili
cxovelis Sesaxeb (rogoria garegnulad, rogori Tvisebebi aqvs, ra zRapari, mo-
Txroba wagikiTxavs mis Sesaxeb da a.S.);
• nivTebis ujridan/jibidan amoiRe erTi baraTi da isaubre masze dawerili nivTis
Sesaxeb (raSi gamoiyeneba, sad ginaxavs, Sen gaqvs Tu ara Sin, aRwere rogoria da a.S.);
• saTamaSoebis ujridan/jibidan amoiRe 3 baraTi da ganmarte zed dawerili sityva;
• nebismieri ujridan/jibidan amoiRe erTi sityva da misi gamoyenebiT Seadgine
winadadeba, an raime teqsti (mag., ambavi, reklama, patara statia, zRapari da sxv.);
• nebismieri ujridan/jibidan amoiRe erTi sityva da dasvi/dawere masTan dakavSi-
rebuli 3 SekiTxva;
• nebismieri ujridan/jibidan amoiRe erTi sityva da gaixsene im teqstis mokle
Sinaarsi, romelSic es sityva Segvxvda.

sityvebis banki II (sityvebis rveuli)

meTodis/aqtivobis Sesaxeb
saswavlo procesis mimdinareobisas klasSi SeiZleba Seiqmnas sityvebis banki/salaro,
sityvebis rveuli. aq moswavleebi `Seinaxaven~ gakveTilebze ganxilul sityvebs.

samuSao forma: mTeli klasi

resursi: saqaRalde, sityvis/cnebis sqemebi.
msvleloba
• moswavleebi agroveben axal, rTul, saintereso sityvebs specialur rveulSi,
wignakSi (bloknotSi) an saqaRaldeSi.
• `bankSi~ Setanil TiToeul sityvas daerTvis axsna-ganmarteba (ilustraciebis,
pirdapiri ganmartebebis, semantikuri sqemebis, sinonimebisa da antonimebis, wina-
dadebis nimuSebis da sxv.) saxiT.
• periodulad maswavlebeli amoalagebs `bankSi~ Senaxul sityvebs. saubroben maT-
ze, ixseneben _ rodis Seinaxes da ratom, amateben axal informacias.

freieris sqema

meTodis/aqtivobis Sesaxeb
freieris sqema saukeTeso saSualebaa ucnob leqsikur erTeulebze samuSaod. misi meS-
veobiT moswavleebi erTmaneTs ukavSireben nacnob da ucnob sityvebs. maT unda ganmar-
ton samizne sityva/cneba da gamoiyenon es ganmarteba zusti da arazusti magaliTebis
Sesadgenad. freieris sqema ufro xSirad gamoiyeneba sainformacio teqstebze samuSaod,
SedarebiT rTuli cnebebisa da terminebis ganmartebisaTvis.

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 freieris sqemis nimuSi

ganmarteba faqtebi/maxasiaTeblebi
ilustracia

sityva/cneba
leqsikuri maragi

zusti magaliTi arazusti magaliTi

am sqemis gamoyeneba moswavles exmareba:

• kargad gaiazros ucnobi sityvis mniSvneloba;
• ganiviTaros kritikuli azrovnebis unari;
• iswavlos axali sityvis Sesabamis konteqstSi gamoyeneba.

muSaobis forma: individualuri, wyvilebi, jgufebi, mTeli klasi.

resursi: Sesavsebi sqema (sqemis amosabeWdi versia ix. danarTSi), furclebi.

msvleloba
• maswavlebeli winaswar Seadgens wasakiTxi teqstis sakvanZo sityvebis nusxas;
• gaacnobs moswavleebs freieris sqemas da auxsnis, Tu rogor ivseba igi.
modelirebis mizniT maswavlebeli xmamaRla fiqris meSveobiT moswavleebTan er-
Tad Tavadac avsebs sqemas romelime nacnobi sityvis/cnebis mixedviT;

SeniSvna: mniSvnelovania, maswavlebelma xmamaRla fiqris procesSi ganumartos moswa-

vleebs, rom sqemis Sevsebisas mTavari principia sityvis/cnebis maxasiaTeblebze dafi-
qreba, msgavsebebisa da gansxvavebebis gaazreba da arazusti magaliTebis SerCeva, prin-
cipiT: `hgavs, magram ar aris~.
• teqstis wakiTxvamde maswavlebeli moswavleebTan erTad mimoixilavs sakvanZo
sityvebis nusxas klasSi;
• maswavlebeli moswavleebs urigebs Sesavseb sqemas (an dafaze xazavs da moswavleebi
gadaixazaven);
• moswavleebi kiTxuloben teqsts da avseben sqemas:
• sqemis SuaSi weria ucnobi sityva;
 zeda marcxena kuTxeSi moswavleebi weren am sityvis/cnebis ganmartebas Tavian-
Ti sityvebiT an leqsikonis/maswavleblis daxmarebiT;
 zeda marjvena kuTxeSi weren faqtebs/maxasiaTeblebs axal sityvasTan dakavSi-
rebiT da, survilis SemTxvevaSi, akeTeben ilustracias;
 qveda marcxena kuTxeSi weren zust magaliTebs;
 qveda marjvena kuTxeSi weren arazust magaliTebs, anu iseT sityvebs, romle-
bic garkveulwilad hgavs samizne sityvas, magram sinamdvileSi ar Seesabameba
mis mniSvnelobas.
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SeniSvna: SesaZlebelia, moswavleebma sqemis Sevseba daiwyon teqstis wakiTxvamde, wakiTx-
vis Semdeg ki miubrundnen da Seavson/Secvalon TavianTi mosazrebebi.
• muSaobis dasrulebis Semdeg moswavleebi akeTeben prezentaciebs da imarTeba
saerTo msjeloba, ramdenad sworadaa Sevsebuli sqema.

ganmarteba maxasiaTeblebi

bumbuliani cxoveli, romelsac aqvs debs kvercxs; ikvebeba mcenareebiT, mwerebiT,

frTebi da nikarti, mas SeuZlia frena. xorciT; gareulia an Sinauri; SeiZleba iyos
mtacebeli.

sityva/cneba
frinveli

zusti magaliTi msgavsi, magram araswori magaliTi

beRura Ramura, buzi, mfrinavi Tevzi

pingvini
siraqlema

gasasvleli sityvebi

meTodis/aqtivobis Sesaxeb
es aqtivoba aris `gasasvleli baraTebis~ erT-erTi variacia.

misi gamoyenebiT moswavleebi:

• ganimtkiceben leqsikuri erTeulebis codnas;
• gadaamowmeben, sworad gaiges Tu ara axali sityvebis mniSvneloba;
• eCvevian yuradRebis mobilizebas.

muSaobis forma: individualuri.

resursi: furceli da kalami.

msvleloba
• gakveTilis bolos maswavlebeli TiToeul moswavles urigebs TiTo baraTs da
sTxovs, masze daweros im dRes Seswavlili ramdenime (raodenobas maswavlebeli
gansazRvravs) sityva da ganmartos;
• moswavleebi baraTze weren miTiTebuli raodenobis axalSeswavlil sityvebs da
ganmartaven;
• klasidan gasvlisas moswavleebi Sevsebul baraTebs maswavleblis magidaze awyoben;
• maswavlebeli amowmebs baraTebs da, Tu romelime sityva arasworadaa ganmartebuli,
meore dRes klasSi kidev erTxel ganmartaven am sityvas.

197
 sinonimTa da antonimTa wre

meTodis/aqtivobis Sesaxeb
sinonimTa da antonimTa wre Zalze martivi da saxaliso meTodia. is xels uwyobs leqsi-
kuri erTeulebis erTmaneTTan dakavSirebasa da damaxsovrebas.
leqsikuri maragi

muSaobis forma: jgufi an mTeli klasi;

resursi: specialuri resursi ar aris saWiro.

msvleloba
• moswavleebi sxdebian wreSi;
• erTi moswavle ambobs sityvas, meore ki mis sinonims. ase grZeldeba manam, sanam
ar amoiwureba variantebi;
• is vinc ver moifiqrebs sinonims, ambobs dasaxelebuli sityvis antonims;
• Semdegi moswavle asaxelebs antonimis sinonims da ase grZeldeba manam, sanam si-
tyvaTa maragi ar gamoelevaT.
• TamaSi ganaxldeba wris im adgilidan, sadac moswavle ambobs axal leqsikur erTeuls.

variaciebi

1. SesaZlebeli aqtivobis saWiroebisamebr garTuleba an gamartiveba. magaliTad, mexu-

Te-meeqvse klasebSi SeiZleba wreSi frazeologizmebisa da maTi ganmartebebis an sxva
enobrivi elementebis Semotana. erTi moswavle ityvis frazeologizms, meore _ mis gan-
martebas. Semdeg is, vinc sworad ganmarta frazeologizmi, ambobs sxva xatovan gamoT-
qmas da a. S.

2. SedarebiT dabal klasebSi an qarTulis rogorc meore enis SemswavlelebTan (roca

moswavleebs ar aqvT sakmarisi leqsikuri maragi) SesaZlebelia sinonimebisa da antoni-
mebis nacvlad daasaxelon erT kategoriaSi Semavali sityvebi, magaliTad, Sinauri cxo-
velebi, xili, amindTan dakavSirebuli sityvebi da sxv.

SeniSvna: TamaSs dasrulebis Semdeg maswavlebelma SeiZleba refleqsiis elementic Car-

Tos da sTxovos moswavleebs, dasaxelebul sityvebs Soris romeli iyo manamde maTTvis
ucnobi. SeiZleba maswavlebelma CaaniSninos moswavleebs ucnobi sityvebi da daavalos
maTze winadadebebis Sedgena.

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leqsikuri maragis (sityvebis codnis) Semowmeba
arsebobs leqsikuri maragis (sityvebis codnis) Sefasebis mravalferovani instrumente-
bi. imis mixedviT, Tu Sefaseba konkretulad ra saxis codnis Semowmebas isaxavs miznad,
moswavles SeiZleba moeTxovebodes, rom:
• Seusabamos sityva mis gamosaxulebas;
• amoarCios mocemuli ganmartebis Sesabamisi sityva sityvebis CamonaTvalSi;
• daajgufos sityvebi kategoriebis Sesabamisad;
• amoicnos sityva, romelic ar miekuTvneba mocemul sityvaTa jgufs;
• gamoiyenos konteqsti, raTa amoicnos sityvis mniSvneloba;
• sworad SearCios mocemuli sityvis mniSvneloba, sinonimi an antonimi mocemuli
variantebidan;
• sworad Casvas winadadebaSi/teqstSi gamotovebuli sityvebi;
• moZebnos sityvis ganmarteba leqsikonSi da sxv.

leqsikuri maragis Sesamowmebeli davalebebi da testebi or ZiriTad kategoriad iyofa,

esenia: 1) calke aRebuli sityvis mniSvnelobis dadgena da 2) konteqstSi mocemuli sity-
vis mniSvnelobis dadgena. gageba-gaazrebaze orientirebul saswavlo procesSi upira-
tesoba meore kategoriis davalebebs/testebs eniWeba. qvemoT mocemulia aseTi testis
nimuSi.

leqsikuri maragis testi

testis daniSnuleba: leqsikuri erTeulis gagebisa da konteqstis gaTvaliswinebiT swo-
rad gamoyenebis unaris Semowmeba.

testis tipi: jgufuri an individualuri; weriTi.

testis Catarebis vadebi: qarTuli ena: meore, mesame, meoTxe, mexuTe da meeqvse klase-
bi. qarTuli, rogorc meore ena: mesame, meoTxe, mexuTe da meeqvse klasebi. sasurvelia
skriningis Catareba TiToeuli smestris dasawyisSi. diagnostikuri testireba SeiZleba
Catardes ramdenjerme saswavlo wlis ganmavlobaSi.

testis xangrZlivoba: 10 wuTi

testis Casatareblad saWiro resursi: a) moswavlis individualuri samuSao furceli,

b) saaTi an wammzomi.

testis Catarebis procedura: maswavlebeli moswavleebs urigebs samuSao furclebs da

ambobs: `bavSvebo, axla Tqven dagirigdaT furclebi, romlebzec weria winadadebebi.
zogierT winadadebaSi sityvaa gamotovebuli. Tqven CamoTvlili sityvebidan yvelaze
Sesaferisi unda SearCioT da moniSnoT. zog winadadebaSi gamuqebuli sityva SegxvdebaT
da CamoTvlili sityvebidan unda SearCioT misi sinonimi/imave mniSvnelobis mqone sity-
va. gTxovT, daxedoT Tqvens furcels. ganvixiloT aq mocemuli magaliTebi.

pirveli magaliTi:

mxdali kurdReli daTvis danaxvisTanave buCqebSi miimala.

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 am winadadebaSi sityva mxdali niSnavs: a) morcxvs, b) mSiSaras, g) swrafs.

unda SemoxazoT pasuxi b) mSiSaras, radganac am winadadebaSi sityva `mxdali~ `mSiSaras~

niSnavs.

meore magaliTi:
leqsikuri maragi

futkari zuzunebs, cxeni __________ .

a) yroyinebs b) WikWikebs g) Wixvinebs

unda SemoxazoT pasuxi g) Wixvinebs.

aseT winadadebaSi ar CaweroT gamotovebuli sityva, mxolod SemoxazeT.

gasagebia, bavSvebo? maSin, axla Tqveni jeria. Tu SeiZleba, SemoxazeT is pasuxi, rome-
lic, Tqveni azriT, sworia. am davalebis Sesasruleblad 10 wuTi geZlevaT. me Segaxse-
nebT dasrulebis dros. axla yvelam miCveneT kalmebi. mzad xarT? maSin, SegiZliaT,
daiwyoT. imuSaveT mSvidad~.

qulebis miniWeba
moswavle yovel sworad Semoxazul variantSi 1 qulas iReben.

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nimuSi: II klasi

moswavlis samuSao furceli

moswavle: TariRi:

waikiTxe TiToeuli winadadeba. yoveli winadadebis qveS mocemulia sami savaraudo

pasuxi (a, b, g). SearCie swori pasuxi da Semoxaze Sesabamisi aso (a, b an g).

pirveli magaliTi:
mxdali kurdReli daTvis danaxvisTanave buCqebSi miimala. am winadadebaSi sityva
mxdali niSnavs:
a) morcxvs b) mSiSaras g) swrafs
unda Semoxazo pasuxi b) mSiSaras, radganac am winadadebaSi sityva mxdali
mSiSaras niSnavs.

meore magaliTi:
futkari zuzunebs, cxeni __________ .
a) yroyinebs b) WikWikebs g) Wixvinebs
unda Semoxazo pasuxi g) Wixvinebs.

aseT winadadebaSi ar Cawero gamotovebuli sityva, mxolod Semoxaze.

1. giorgi bejiTi biWia. bejiTi aq niSnavs:

a) keTils b) usaqmurs g) Sromismoyvares

2. fanjridan imzireba gaxarebuli mari. imzireba niSnavs, rom:

a) iyureba b) ucinis g) xedavs

3. ninom saCuqrad kompiuteri miiRo da __________ gadaxeda stumrebs.

a) gulmosulad b) Tavmomwoned g) naRvlianad

4. ani advilad mixvda pasuxs, radgan gonieri gogona iyo. ras niSnavs gonieri?
a) gonebadafantuls b) mamacs g) Wkvians

5. leqsos erideboda Tavis jildoebze laparaki. morcxvi da _____________

biWuna iyo.
a) boRmiani b) gagulisebuli g) Tavmdabali

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 6. mTeli dRis sagzali moimaraga da CanTaSi Caiwyo. ras niSnavs sagzali?
a) saskolo nivTebs b) saWmels g) fuls

7. giorgis SeWamandi ar moewona da gabrazebulma gaswia TefSi. ras niSnavs

SeWamandi?
leqsikuri maragi

a) nivTs b) saWmels g) WurWels

8. maradmwvane mcenarea:
a) vaSli b) muxa g) naZvi

9. Tovli, wvima, setyva aris bunebrivi __________ .

a) naleqi b) narCeni g) wyali

10. fiWvi __________ mcenarea.

a) kvirtovani b) foTlovani g) wiwvovani

11. SeSinebul kurdRels mgeli Semoeyara. Semoeyara niSnavs, rom:

a) daemala b) daemuqra g) Sexvda

Sevsebuli testis nimuSi

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`dakarguli sityvebis~ aqtivoba,
rogorc leqsikuri unaris Sefasebis saSualeba
`dakarguli sityvebi~ (da misi adaptirebuli varianti _ `amomxtari sityvebi~) efeqturi
strategiaa rogorc sityvebze muSaobis unaris ganviTarebisTvis, aseve leqsikuri
unaris Sesafasebladac.

testis daniSnuleba: leqsikuri erTeulis gagebisa da konteqstis gaTvaliswinebiT

sworad gamoyenebis unaris Semowmeba. es aris kiTxvis komponenti, romelic xels uwyobs
moswavles teqstis gageba-gaazrebaSi.

testis tipi: individualuri; weriTi.

testis Catarebis vadebi: meore, mesame, meoTxe, mexuTe da meeqvse klasebi. sasurvelia
skriningis Catareba saswavlo wlis dasawyisSi. diagnostikuri testireba SeiZleba
Catardes ramdenjerme saswavlo wlis ganmavlobaSi.

testis xangrZlivoba: 15-20 wuTi (teqstis sirTulisa da zomis Sesabamisad)

testis Casatareblad saWiro resursi: a) moswavlis individualuri samuSao furceli, b)

saaTi

testis Catarebis procedura: maswavlebeli moswavleebs urigebs samuSao furclebs

da ambobs: `bavSvebo, axla Tqven dagirigdaT furclebi, romelzec mocemulia mcire
zomis teqti, saidanac amoiRebulia/dakargulia ramdenime sityva. waikiTxeT teqsti
da `daabruneT~ `dakarguli~ sityvebi TavianT adgilebze. erTi gamotovebuli sityvis
adgilas SegiZliaT, ramdenime savaraudo varianti CaweroT.

203
 `dakarguli sityvebis~ testi

maswavleblis furceli

silis koSki
leqsikuri maragi

zRvis piras ori biWi gulmodgined agebs silis koSks. orives briala Taflisferi
Tvalebi aqvs, Calisferi Tmebi. verafriT gaarCevT erTmaneTisagan. albaT mixvdiT,
ratomac. diax, isini tyupebi arian: laSa da irakli, an ase vTqvaT: irakli da laSa.
Tumca, ra mniSvneloba aqvs?! maritam didxans ucqira maT gamalebul muSaobas, gulma
aRar mouTmina da moridebulad sTxova biWebs:

_ mec avageb koSks TqvenTan erTad.

_ sad gagonila, rom gogonebi agebdnen koSkebs, es ra qalis saqmea?! _ iukadrisa

iraklim.

cremlebi rom daemala, wamwamebi aafaxuna gogonam.

_ marita, marituna, Cven avagebT koSkebs, Sen ki am koSkis mzeTunaxavi iqnebi, _

sxapasxupiT miugo laSam, Zmas daubRvira, _ viTom ratom araa qalis saqme?!

iraklim morcxvad CaRuna Tavi, mere Tavisi niCabi gauwoda gogonas. gaxarebulma
maritam gauRima, gamoarTva da biWebze aranaklebi mondomebiT Seudga muSaobas.

koSki marTlac zRapruli gamouvidaT, maritasnair gogos rom Seefereboda, iseTi.

Sin wasvla aRar undodaT megobrebs. mzis Casvlamde isxdnen zRvis piras da aTasnair
ambavs Txzavdnen koSkSi Caketil mzeTunaxavsa da gulad raindze.

meore diliT adrianad miaSures biWebma sanapiros, magram sadRa iyo koSki?! mis
adgilas velosipedis borblis nakvalevi daxvdaT. erTmaneTs usityvod Sexedes,
usityvodve saswrafod Seudgnen axali, zustad iseTive koSkis agebas. Cqarobdnen, male
maritac gamoCndeboda sanapiroze.

204
 `dakarguli sityvebis~ testi

moswavlis furceli

moswavle: TariRi:

silis koSki

zRvis piras ori biWi gulmodgined __________ silis koSks. orives briala Taflisferi
__________ aqvs, Calisferi Tmebi. verafriT gaarCevT __________ . albaT mixvdiT,
ratomac. diax, isini __________ arian: laSa da irakli, an __________ vTqvaT: irakli da
laSa. Tumca, __________ mniSvneloba aqvs?!

maritam didxans ucqira __________ gamalebul muSaobas, gulma aRar mouTmina

__________ moridebulad sTxova biWebs:

_ mec avageb __________ TqvenTan erTad.

_ sad gagonila, rom __________ agebdnen koSkebs, es ra qalis __________ _ iukadrisa

iraklim.

cremlebi rom daemala, __________ aafaxuna gogonam.

_ marita, marituna, Cven __________ koSkebs, Sen ki am koSkis __________ iqnebi, _

sxapasxupiT miugo laSam, Zmas daubRvira, _ viTom ratom araa qalis __________?!

iraklim morcxvad CaRuna Tavi, mere __________ niCabi gauwoda gogonas. gaxarebulma
maritam __________, gamoarTva da biWebze aranaklebi mondomebiT __________ muSaobas.

koSki marTlac zRapruli gamouvidaT, __________ gogos rom Seefereboda, iseTi. Sin
__________ aRar undodaT megobrebs. mzis Casvlamde __________ zRvis piras da aTasnair
ambavs __________ koSkSi Caketil mzeTunaxavsa da gulad __________.

meore diliT adrianad miaSures biWebma __________, magram sadRa iyo koSki?! mis
__________ velosipedis borblis nakvalevi daxvdaT. erTmaneTs __________ Sexedes,
usityvodve saswrafod Seudgnen axali, __________ iseTive koSkis agebas. Cqarobdnen,
male __________ gamoCndeboda sanapiroze.

205