DESIGN OF WATER TANK

5 kN/m² 0 kN/m²
W.T.
G.L. G.L.
W.T. W.T.

Hs1 Hsr1 H Hw3 Hsr2 Hs2

3.2 Hw1 3.2 3.6 0 0 0
1.2 Hw2
3

Left In the Tank Right

Height of Water Table Height of Water Table Height of Water Table
Hw1 = 1.2 m Hw3 = 0 m Hw2 = 3 m
Height of Surcharge Height of Tank Height of Surcharge
Hsr1 = 3.2 m H = 3.6 m Hsr2 = 0 m
Height of Soil Height of Soil
Hs1 = 3.2 m Hs2 = 0 m
Surcharge Load Surcharge Load
SL1 = 5 kN/m² SL2 = 0 kN/m²

Φ = 35 degrees Ka = 1 - sinΦ = 0.27

dry g = 18 kN/m3 1 + sinΦ
subme
rged G = 8 kN/m3 Ka = 0.5 (IS 3370:2021, P-2)
gw = 10 kN/m 3

With Water Table

Soil Dry Soil SubmeWater

Ka g Hs1 Ka G Hs1 gw Hw1

 18 28.80 12.00

1] On the Left Side

Force due to Soil Force due to Water
F1 = 0.5 x 28.8 x Hs1 F2 = 0.5 x 12.0
= 0.5 x 28.8 x 3.2 = 0.5 x 12.0
F1 = 46.08 kN F2 = 7.2 kN

2] On the Right Side

Force due to Soil Force due to Water
F4 = 0.5 x 0.0 x Hs2 F5 = 0.5 x 30.0
= 0.5 x 0.0 x 0 = 0.5 x 30.0
F4 = 0 kN F5 = 45 kN

2] In the tank
Force due to Soil Force due to Water
F4 = 0.5 x 0.0 x Hs2 F5 = 0.5 x 0.0
= 0.5 x 0.0 x #REF! = 0.5 x 0.0
F4 = #REF! kN F5 = 0 kN
gw Hw2 Ka G Hs2 Ka g Hs1
 30 0

Force due to Surcharge

12.0 x Hw1 F3 = 2.5 x Hsr1
12.0 x 1.2 = 2.5 x 3.2
F3 = 8.00 kN

Force due to Surcharge

30.0 x Hw2 F3 = 0.0 x Hsr2
30.0 x 3 = 0.0 x 0
F3 = 0.00 kN

Force due to Surcharge

0.0 x Hw2 F3 = 0.0 x Hsr2
0.0 x 0 = 0.0 x #REF!
F3 = #REF! kN
Φ = 0.610865238198 gw Hw3
Ka SL1 0
2.5

Left Right

b b
a g a g
b G b G
 Ka SL2
0

LEFT SIDE
Submerged Soil
Only Soil (KagsHs1) Water (gwHw1) Dry Soil (KagsHds)
(KagsatHw1)
Ht Value Ht Value Ht Value Ht Value
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
 0.53 4.8 0.2 2 0.2 1.8 0.67 6
1.07 9.6 0.4 4 0.4 3.6 1.33 12
1.6 14.4 0.6 6 0.6 5.4 2 18
2.13 19.2 0.8 8 0.8 7.2 2 18
2.67 24 1 10 1 9 2 18
3.2 28.8 1.2 12 1.2 10.8 2 18

RIGHT SIDE
Submerged Soil
Only Soil (KagsHs2) Water (gwHw1) Dry Soil (KagsHds)
(KagsatHw1)
Ht Value Ht Value Ht Value Ht Value
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0.5 5 0.5 4.5 -1
0 0 1 10 1 9 -2
0 0 1.5 15 1.5 13.5 -3
0 0 2 20 2 18 -3
0 0 2.5 25 2.5 22.5 -3
0 0 3 30 3 27 -3
 5 kN/m² 0 kN/m²
W.T.
G.L. G.L.
W.T.

Hs1 Hsr1 H Hw2 Hsr2 Hs2

3.2 Hw1 3.2 3.6 3 0 0
0

Height of Water Table Height of Tank Height of Water Table

Hw1 = 0 m H = 3.6 m Hw2 = 3 m
Height of Surcharge Height of Surcharge
Hsr1 = 3.2 m Hsr2 = 0 m
Height of Soil Height of Soil
Hs1 = 3.2 m Hs2 = 0 m
Surcharge Load Surcharge Load
SL1 = 5 kN/m² SL2 = 0 kN/m²

Φ = 35 degrees Ka = 1 - sinΦ = 0.27

dry g = 18 kN/m3 1 + sinΦ
submerged G = 8 kN/m3 Ka = 0.50 (IS 3370:2021, P-2)
gw = 10 kN/m3

PRESSURES:

LEFT RIGHT
Soil = 28.8 kN/m² Soil = 0 kN/m²
Water = 0 kN/m² Water = 30 kN/m²
Submerged = 0 kN/m² Submerged = 0 kN/m²
Dry = 0 kN/m² Dry = 0 kN/m²
Surcharge = 2.5 kN/m² Surcharge = 0 kN/m²
FORCES:

1] On the Left Side

Force due to Soil

 Φ = 0.61

LEFT SIDE
WITH ONLY SOIL WITH WATER TABLE
Submerged Soil
Only Soil (KagsHs1) Water (gwHw1) Dry Soil (KagsHds)
(KagsatHw1)
Ht Value Ht Value Ht Value Ht Value
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.53 4.8 0 0 0 0 1.07 9.6
1.07 9.6 0 0 0 0 2.13 19.2
1.6 14.4 0 0 0 0 3.2 28.8
2.13 19.2 0 0 0 0 3.2 28.8
2.67 24 0 0 0 0 3.2 28.8
3.2 28.8 0 0 0 0 3.2 28.8
 RIGHT SIDE
E SURCHARGE WITH ONLY SOIL WITH WATER TABLE SURCHARGE
Surcharge load Submerged Soil Surcharge load
Dry Soil (KagsHds) Only Soil (KagsHs1) Water (gwHw1) Dry Soil (KagsHds)
(load x Ka) (KagsatHw1) (load x Ka)
Value Ht Value Ht Value Ht Value Ht Value Ht Value Ht
0 2.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.53 2.5 0 0 0.5 5 0.5 2 -1 -9 0
1.07 2.5 0 0 1 10 1 4 -2 -18 0
1.6 2.5 0 0 1.5 15 1.5 6 -3 -27 0
2.13 2.5 0 0 2 20 2 8 -3 -27 0
2.67 2.5 0 0 2.5 25 2.5 10 -3 -27 0
3.2 2.5 0 0 3 30 3 12 -3 -27 0
 SURCHARGE BOTTOM
Surcharge load Water (gwHw1)
(load x Ka)
Value Ht Value
0 0 0
0 0.53 5.33
0 1.07 10.7
0 1.6 16
0 2.13 21.3
0 2.67 26.7
0 3.2 32
 DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR WATER TANK

5 kN/m²

Hs1
3.2 m H Hw
3.6 m 3 m

Φ = 35 degrees Ka = 1 - sinΦ = 0.27

dry g = 18 kN/m3 1 + sinΦ
subme
rged G = 8 kN/m3 Ka = 0.5 (IS 3370:2021, P-2)
gw = 10 kN/m3
fck = 30 N/mm² fy = 500 N/mm²

Surcharge Load SL = 5 kN/m²

Height of Tank H = 3.6 m
Height of Soil Hsoil = 3.2 m
Water Table Height Hw = 3 m

Pressure Diagram

S L x Ka gw x Hw
2.5 30
Ka x g x Hs1
28.8

Soil Pressure Psoil = 28.8 kN/m²

Surcharge Load Psur = 2.5 kN/m²
Water Load Pw = 30 kN/m²
 Case (i) Only Soil

Fsur
Fs

Force at C.G. due to Soil Force at C.G. due to Surcharge

Fs = 0.5 x Psoil x Hsoil Fsur = Psur x Hsoil
Fs = 0.5 x 28.8 x 3.2 Fsur = 2.5 x 3.2
Fs = 46.08 kN Fsur = 8.00 kN

Moment due to Soil Moment due to Surcharge

Ms = Fs x Hsoil x 0.33 Msur = Fsur x Hsoil x 0.5
Ms = 46.1 x 3.2 x 0.33 Msur = 8.0 x 3.2 x 0.5
Ms = 49.15 kN.m Msur = 12.80 kN.m

Total moment = 61.95 kN.m

Case (ii) Only Water

Fw

Force at C.G. due to Water

Fs = 0.5 x Pw x Hw
Fs = 0.5 x 30 x 3
Fs = 45.00 kN

Moment due to Water

Mw = Fw x Hw x 0.33
Mw = 45 x 3 x 0.33
Mw = 45.00 kN.m Total moment = 45.00 kN.m
Final Moments Clockwise +
Anti-Clockwise -

62.0 45.0 Ultimate Moments

Ms = 62.0 x 1.5
Ms = 92.9 kN.m

Mw = 45.0 x 1.5
Mw = 67.5 kN.m

REINFORCEMENT DETAILS
b = 1000 mm
Mu = 0.13 x fck x b x d² cover = 30 mm
d = Mu Φ = 16 mm
0.13 x fck x b

d = 92928000
0.13 x 30 x 1000

d = 152.61 mm
D = d + cover + Φ/2
D = 153 + 30 + 8
D = 191 mm
D ≈ 200 mm
d = 162 mm

(i) At Soil Side:

pt = 50 1 - 1 - 4.6 Mu
fck b d²
fy / fck
pt = 50 1 - 1 - 4.6 92928000
30 1000 162 ²
500 / 30

pt = 0.97 %
Ast = pt x b x d
100
Ast = 0.97 x 1000 x 162
100
Ast = 1574.34 mm²

Provide
Φ = 16 mm
ast = 201 mm² provide 16 Φ @ 125 mm c/c
spacing = 128 mm
(ii) At Water Side:
 pt = 50 1 - 1 - 4.6 Mu
fck b d²
fy / fck
pt = 50 1 - 1 - 4.6 67500000
30 1000 162 ²
500 / 30

pt = 0.67 %
Ast = pt x b x d
100
Ast = 0.67 x 1000 x 162
100
Ast = 1077.86 mm²

Provide
Φ = 12 mm
ast = 113 mm² provide 12 Φ @ 90 mm c/c
spacing = 105 mm Astprov = 1256.64 mm²

CRACKWIDTH CALCULATION
σcbc = 10 N/mm²
Water Side: m = 280 = 9.33
3σcbc

0.5 x 1000 x x² = m x As x (d-x)

500 x² + 11728.613 x - 1923492.462 = 0
x = 51.39 or x = -74.85
x = 51.39 mm

z = d - x
3
z = 164 - 17.1
z = 147 mm

Stress in Steel Stress in Concrete

fs = Mw fc = 2 x Mw
z x As z b x
fs = 45000000 fc = 90000000
147 x 1257 147 x 1000 x 51.4
fs = 243.82 N/mm² fc = 11.92 N/mm²
fs < 0.6fy = 300 N/mm² fc < 0.4fck = 12 N/mm²
fs < 0.6fy i.e. O.K. fc < 0.4fck i.e. O.K.

11.92
 51.39
Stress at extreme point
σ = 244
(D-x) 113
243.8 112.6 σ = 321.8 N/mm²

Total Strain h = 200

a' =
ε1 = σ = 321.8 = 0.0016 Es = 200000 N/mm²
Es Es

ε2 = b (h-x) (a'-x) = -0.000090 εm = ε1 - ε2

3Es As (d-x) εm = ###

90
acr = 57.6 - 6
acr = 51.6 mm
57.6 36 Cmin = 30 mm

Crackwidth
w = 3 x acr x εm
1 + 2 acr - cmin
h - x
w = 3 x 51.6 x ###
1 + 2 51.6 - 30
200 - 51.39
 Don’t Delete
Φ = 0.61

Soil Pressure Surcharge Load Water Load

Ht Value Ht Value Ht Value
0 0 0 2.5 0 0
0.53 4.8 0.53 2.5 0.5 5
1.07 9.6 1.07 2.5 1 10
1.6 14.4 1.6 2.5 1.5 15
2.13 19.2 2.13 2.5 2 20
2.67 24 2.67 2.5 2.5 25
3.2 28.8 3.2 2.5 3 30
0.5 x 1000 x x² = m x As x (d-x)
0.5 x 1000 x x² = 9.33 x 1257 x ( 164 - x )
500 x² = 1923492 - 11728.61 x
D = b² - 4ac
D = 3.98E+09