1ST TERM FINAL EXAMINATION

GR11- GENERAL BIOLOGY 1

Name : Mary Grace R. Limato Score: __________

Grade Level & Section: 11- Prophet Elijah Date: 11-18-21
Teacher: Mrs. Marlyn C. Lemosnero

I. ENUMERATION.

1. The cell theory is universal for all living things, no matter how complex, tiny or huge it is. The
theory can be summed up into 3 basic components, what are those? (6 points)
a. The cell is the basic unit of life in all living things.
b. All cells come from pre-existing cells.
c. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.

2.. What are those cell organelles and their function? (3pts each)

a. Ribosomes - responsible for making protein through amino acids,responsible

for making protein through amino acids.
b. Golgi Apparatus - transports and modifies proteins in eukaryotic cells
c. Lysosomes - break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small
molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell
d. Nucleus - it stores the cell's hereditary material, or DNA, and it coordinates
the cell's activities,which include growth, intermediary metabolism, protein
synthesis, and reproduction.
d. Mitochondria - which include growth, intermediary metabolism, protein
synthesis, and reproduction
f. Chloroplasts - energy from the Sun is converted into chemical energy for
growth
g. Cytoplasm - energy from the Sun is converted into chemical energy for growth
h. Nucleulos - ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis and ribosome biogenesis
i. Nucleus - it stores the cell's hereditary material, or DNA, and it coordinates
the cell's activities,which include growth, intermediary metabolism, protein
synthesis, and reproduction.

3. What are the two types of cells? (2pts each)

A. Eukaryotic cell
B. Prokaryotic cell
4. Refer to #3, Give the similarities and differences of those cells using Venn diagram. (10 pts.)

Please use the back page for your answers.

5. The cell cycle is an ordered series of events involving cell growth and cell division that
produces two new daughter cells. Cells on the path to cell division proceed through a series of
precisely timed and carefully regulated stages of growth, DNA replication, and division that
produces two identical (clone) cells. The cell cycle has two major phases, what are those
phases? (2pts each)
A.interphase
B.mitotic phase
6. The three stages of interphase are called: (1pt. each)
A. G1 phase (first gap)
B. S phase (new DNA synthesis)
C. G2 phase (second gap)
7. Give the two types of cell division and their phases. (17pts) Please use the back page for
your answer.
8. Give the components and functions of the plasma membrane. (2pts each)
Component Function
1. cholesterol provides stability to the plasma membrane
by limiting the
movement of the phospholipids,reduces
fluidity.
2. carbohydrates participates in cell recognition and
adhesion,stick out from the
plasma membrane to define the cell's
characteristics and help
cells identify chemical signals
3. peripheral proteins Provides the framework, attached to the
intracellular or extracellular surface of the
lipid bilayer.

4. Integral proteins serves as channels or pumps to move

materials into or
out of the cell, penetrate the hydrophobic
core of the lipid bilayer
5. Pospholipids work to provide pathways for various
substances across
membranes,protects the cells
II. ESSAY.

9. Why is it Mitosis and Meiosis are important? (5pts.each)

Mitosis is required for growth , repair and

replacement of new cells in our body.Meiosis is required for
production of gametes or sex cells in the reproductive organs.If there
is no mitosis there would be no cell growth and cell reproduction and
if meiosis does not occur, it will result in a doubling of chromosomes
in each successive generation, which will result in the formation of
abnormalities.So remember, Mitosis is what helps us grow and
Meiosis is why we are all unique!

10. Explain transport mechanisms of active transport cell. (9pts.)

Living cells need certain substances that exist inside the

cell in concentrations greater than they exist in the extracellular
space. Moving substances up their electrochemical gradients
requires energy from the cell. Active transport uses energy stored in
ATP to fuel this transport. Active transport of small molecularsized
materials uses integral proteins in the cell membrane to move the
materials.These proteins are analogous to pumps. Some pumps,
which carry out primary active transport, couple directly with ATP to
drive their action. In co-transport, energy from primary transport can
be used to move another substance into the cell and up its
concentration gradient.