Chemistry Reviewer 1st Periodical Exam

PHASES OF DEFINITIONS PHASES TRANSITIONS IN MATTER

MATTER  Evaporation
 Solid Definite shape  Sublimation
 Melting
 Liquid Definite volume
 Condensation
 Gas Has no definite shape or volume  Freezing
 Deposition

STATES OF MATTER DEFINITIONS

 Physical Property Property of matter that can be quantified using measurements
 Chemical Property Can be assessed through its chemical structure
 Extensive Property Materials property is dependent on physical properties
 Intensive Property Materials property is independent on physical properties

CHANGES IN MATTER DEFINITIONS

 Physical Change Any change in substance form that does not change its chemical makeup
 Chemical Change Occurs when atoms of a substance are rearranged

CLASSIFICATIONS OF MATTER DEFINITIONS

 Mixture Substance with varying compositions (homogeneous and
heterogeneous)
 Pure Substance Substance with uniform composition (elements or compounds)

UNITS AND CONVERSION OF UNITS

Physical Quantities Properties of an object that can be measured from other measurements.

ACCURACY & DEFINITIONS

PRECISIONS
 Accuracy The degree of closeness between a measurement and the measurement’s true value

 Precisions The closeness of the repeated measurements to one another

SIGNIFICANT FIGURES
 All non-zero digits are significant 487 ( 3 significant figures)

 Zeros in between whole numbers are significant 4 807 (4 significant figures)

 Leading zeroes are insignificant 0.0048713 ( 5 significant figures)

 Trailing zeroes after significant figures are insignificant 876 543 000 000 ( 6 significant figures)

 A final zero or trailing zeros in the decimal are 333.000 ( 5 significant figures)
 insignificant

Chemistry Reviewer 1st Periodical Exam

SOURCES OF DEFINITIONS
ERRORS
 Error Refers to the miscalculation of data during experiment
 Blunders Outright mistake that can be corrected right away
 Systematic Error Errors due to faulty devices and incorrect handling of instruments

ATOMS, MOLE & ION DEFINITIONS

 Democritus He is a Greek Philosopher
 Atomos Indivisible particles
 Atom Single neutral particles
 Molecules Neutral particles made of two or more atoms
 Ions Positive or negative charge particles
DALTONS ATOMIC THEORY
 All matter is composed of small individual particles called atoms
 All atoms of a given element are identical in mass and chemical properties
 Atoms combine in simple, fixed and whole
 Atoms combine in simple, fixed and whole number of ratios to form compounds

LAW OF CHEMICAL DEFINITIONS

CHANGE
 Conservation of mass In chemical reaction, no change in mass takes place. Total mass of product is
equal to total mass of reactants
 Definite Proportions A compound always contain the same constituent element in a fixed proportion
by mass
 Multiple Proportions In creating substance only the required reactants are needed, nothing in
between

SUBATOMIC PARTICLE DEFINITIONS

 Proton Positively charge particle
 Electron Negatively charge particle

 Neutron Neutrally charge particle