Chapter 12 - Heat Exchanger

HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY – VNU HCM
CHAPTER 12
HEAT EXCHANGER
1. General concept of heat exchanger

2. Basis design methods of heat exchangers:
• The LMTD method for heat exchanger analysis
• The  - NTU method for heat exchanger analysis
1
Lecturer: Dr. Phan Thanh Nhan
1. General concept of heat exchanger:

The process of heat exchange between two fluids that are at
different temperaturse and seperated by a solid wall occurs in many
engineering applications
The device used to implement this exchange is termed as a heat
exchanger.
2
3
Classification of heat exchangers:
 Recuperators / regenerators
 Transport processes: direct contact / indirect contact
 Geometry: tubes / plates / extended surfaces
 Heat transfer mechanisms: single phase / two phase
 Flow arrangement: parralel / counter / cross flows
4
Arrangerment of flow path in heat exchangers:
5
2. Basis design methods of heat exchangers:

Consider the changing heat of hot fluid and cold fluid with the fluids do
not undergo the phase change and have constant specific heats
a) Parrallel flow heat transfer

with the two fluids flowing in
the same direction
b) Counter flow heat transfer
with the two fluids flowing in Surface area Surface area
opposite directions
6
 subcripte for hot fluid

 subcripte for cold fluid
G1, G2 mass flow rate of hot fluid and cold fluid, kg/s
cp1, cp2 specific heat capacity of hot fluid and cold fluid, kJ/(kg.K)
t’1, t’2 temperature at the inlet of hot fluid and cold fluid, oC
t”1, t”2 temperature at the outlet of hot fluid and cold fluid, oC
Energy balance:
Heat release from hot fluid and absorb by cold fluid
Q  G1  cp1  t '1 t"1   G 2  cp 2  t"2 t '2 
Total heat transfer rate between two fluids
Q   k.F.t  k.F.t
F 7
2.1 Log mean temperature difference (LMTD)

When the fluid temperatures are known
Q   k.F.t  k.F.t F
Q
F k.t
- k : overall heat transfer coefficient, assumed that is constant over the heat
transfer surface area F
- t : the mean temperature difference
define t ???
8
 In case 1: Parallel flow and counter flow
t max  t min
t 
t max
ln
t min
t min  Min t a , t b 


where: 
t max  Max t a , t b 

Parallel flow Counter flow
9
 In case 2: in complex flows (multipass and crossflow heat exchangers)

t Would be computed under the assumption of a counter flow
arrangermentwith a correction factor t
t   t .t ng
t = f (P; R): available in chart as a function of P and R

where:
t"2  t '2 t '1  t"1

P ; R
t '1  t '2 t"2  t '2
10
t
t
11
t
t
12
Example: Double pipe heat exchanger with counter flow is working with:
+ The hot fluid is passed throught the inner tube of double pipe heat exchanger
with mass flow rate G1 = 180kg/min, specific heat capacity Cp1 = 3kJ/kgK,
inlet temperature t1’ = 95oC
+ The cold fluid enters the annular side at t2’ = 30oC and rise to t2’’ = 50oC
with a mass flow rate of G2 = 240kg/min, specific heat capacity Cp2 =
4,174kJ/kgK
+ The overall heat transfer coefficient k = 2400W/m2K
a) Determine heat transfer area of heat exchanger
b) If heat exchanger is swiched to parallel flow with the nochange all the required
parameters, calculate heat transfer area in this case and compare with the result
from (a)
13
Counter flow: G2 = 240kg/ph= 4kg/s Heat release from hot fluid:
Cp2 = 4,174kJ/kgK
Q1 = G1.Cp1.(t1’ – t1’’)
t2’ = 30oC
G1 = 180kg/ph = 3kg/s Heat absorb by cold fluid:
Cp1 = 3kJ/kgK Q2 = G2.Cp2.(t2’’ – t2’) =333,92kW
t1’ = 95oC
Energy balance:
Q = Q 1 = Q2
t1’’ = ?
t2’’ = 50oC G1.Cp1.(t1’ – t1’’) = G2.Cp2.(t2’’ – t2’)
t1’’=57,9oC
Log mean temperature difference
method:
t1’ = 95oC Q  k.F.t  333,92kW
tmax =
45oC k = 2400 W/m2k = 2,4kW/m2K
t2’’ = 50oC tmax = 45oC
tmin = 27,9oC
t1’’ = 57,9oC
tmin =
27,9oC
Q  k.F.t
t2’ = 30oC
F  3,8895(m2) 14
Parralel flow:
t1’ = 95oC Log mean temperature difference
tmax = t1’’ = 57,9oC

Q  k.F.t  333,92kW
65oC tmin = 7,9oC
tmax = 65oC
t2’’ = 50oC
tmin = 7,9oC
k = 2400 W/m2k = 2,4kW/m2K
t2’ = 30oC
Q  k.F.t
F  5,1353(m2)
Result:
Counter flow: F = 3,8895m2
Parralel flow: F = 5,1353m2
15
2.2 The  - NTU method for heat exchanger analysis

When the inlet or oulet temperatures of the fluis stream are not know
Heat exchanger effectiveness
actual heat transfer rate in a heat exchanger

the thermodynamically limited maximum possible heat transfer
Q C1  t'1  t"1  C 2  t"2  t' 2 

  
Q max C min  t'1  t' 2  C min  t'1  t' 2 
where: Capacity rate

C1  G1  c p1
Q  G1  c p1  t '1  t"1   C1  t '1  t"1 
C2  G 2  cp 2
Q  G 2  c p 2  t"2  t '2   C 2  t"2  t '2 
C min  Min C 2 , C1 

Qmax  Cmin  t '1 t '2  
C max  Max C 2 , C1 

16
Heat exchanger effectiveness  is a function of C and NTU:
  f C, NTU
 C min
 C 
 C max

 NTU  k F  F
 C min
NTU: number of transfer unit
C: capacity rate ratio
Apply the suitable chart (or use the right equation) to define 
if know C and NTU, or define NTU if known  and C
17
18
19
Example: Consider a shell and tube heat exchanger construted from a 0,0254m
OD tube to cool 6,93kg/s of a 95% ethy alcohol solution (Cp = 3810J/kgK) from
66oC to 42oC, using 6,3kg/s of water available at 10oC (Cp = 4187J/kgK). In heat
exchanger, 72 tubes will be used. Assume that the overall coefficient of heat
transfer based on the outer tube area is 568W/m2K. Calculate the surface area and
the length of the heat exchanger for each of the following arrangements (apply the
-NTU method):
a) Parallel flow shell and tube heat exchanger
b) Counter flow shell and tube heat exchanger
c) Shell and tube heat exchanger with one shell pass and multiples of two tube
passes
20
Be healthy and stay safe

See you on the next chapter!
21

Chapter 12 - Heat Exchanger

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 12 - Heat Exchanger

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY – VNU HCM

1. General concept of heat exchanger

• The LMTD method for heat exchanger analysis

• The  - NTU method for heat exchanger analysis

1. General concept of heat exchanger:

Classification of heat exchangers:

 Transport processes: direct contact / indirect contact

 Geometry: tubes / plates / extended surfaces

 Heat transfer mechanisms: single phase / two phase

 Flow arrangement: parralel / counter / cross flows

Arrangerment of flow path in heat exchangers:

2. Basis design methods of heat exchangers:

a) Parrallel flow heat transfer

 subcripte for hot fluid

Q  G1  cp1  t '1 t"1   G 2  cp 2  t"2 t '2 

Total heat transfer rate between two fluids

2.1 Log mean temperature difference (LMTD)

 In case 1: Parallel flow and counter flow

t min  Min t a , t b 

 In case 2: in complex flows (multipass and crossflow heat exchangers)

t = f (P; R): available in chart as a function of P and R

t"2  t '2 t '1  t"1

t1’ = 95oC Log mean temperature difference

tmax = t1’’ = 57,9oC

2.2 The  - NTU method for heat exchanger analysis

Q C1  t'1  t"1  C 2  t"2  t' 2 

where: Capacity rate

Heat exchanger effectiveness  is a function of C and NTU:

NTU: number of transfer unit

C: capacity rate ratio

Be healthy and stay safe

You might also like