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Experimental Report 1

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MEASUREMENT OF BASIC LENGTH

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Name: Verification of the instructors

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ID:
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Class:

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Group:
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I, EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
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1. Measurement Report:
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Table 1: Metal hollow cylinder’s values

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𝛥 = 0.02 a=1 𝑀 = 35.10 𝑔

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Trial D(mm) d(mm) h(mm)

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1 43.74 35.20 7.96
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2 43.76 35.22 7.98

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3 43.76 35.20 7.96

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4 43.74 35.24 7.98

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5 43.78 35.20 7.98

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Average value 43.76 35.21 7.97

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Table 2: Steel ball’s diameter

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𝛥 = 0.01 a = 0.5

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Trial 1 2 3 4 5 Average value
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Parameter

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Db (mm) 10.04 10.25 10.05 10.04 10.03 10.04

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2. Calculation average values and uncertainties:
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a.) For the Metal hollow cylinder
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𝐷1 + 𝐷2 + 𝐷3 + 𝐷4 + 𝐷5 43.74 + 43.76 + 43.73 + 43.74 + 43.78
𝐷̄ = = ≈ 43.76(𝑚𝑚)

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𝑑1 + 𝑑2 + 𝑑3 + 𝑑4 + 𝑑5 35.20 + 35.22 + 35.20 + 35.24 + 35.20

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𝑑̄ = = ≈ 35.21(𝑚𝑚)
5 5
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ℎ1 + ℎ2 + ℎ3 + ℎ4 + ℎ5 7.96 + 7.98 + 7.96 + 7.98 + 7.98

ℎ̄ =
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= ≈ 7.97(𝑚𝑚)
5 5
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(𝐷̄ − 𝐷1 )2 + (𝐷̄ − 𝐷2 )2 + (𝐷̄ − 𝐷3 )2 + (𝐷̄ − 𝐷4 )2 + (𝐷̄ − 𝐷5 )2

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𝛥𝐷 = 𝑠. 𝑑. = √
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(43.74 − 43.76)2 + (43.76 − 43.76)2 + (43.76 − 43.76)2 + (43.74 − 43.76)2 + (43.78 − 43.76)2
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=√
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𝑠. 𝑑. 0.02
≈ 0.02 ⇒ 𝑆. 𝐷. = = ≈ 0.01 𝑚𝑚
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√5 √5
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2 2 2 2 2
(𝑑̄ − 𝑑1 ) + (𝑑̄ − 𝑑2 ) + (𝑑̄ − 𝑑3 ) + (𝑑̄ − 𝑑4 ) + (𝑑̄ − 𝑑5 )
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𝛥ℎ = 𝑠. 𝑑. =
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(7.96 − 7.97)2 + (7.98 − 7.97)2 + (7.96 − 7.97)2 + (7.98 − 7.97)2 + (7.98 − 7.97)2
=√
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𝑠. 𝑑. 0.01
≈ 0.01 ⇒ 𝑆. 𝐷. = = ≈ 0.00𝑚𝑚
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√5 √5
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2 2 2 2 2

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√ (ℎ̄ − ℎ1 ) + (ℎ̄ − ℎ2 ) + (ℎ̄ − ℎ3 ) + (ℎ̄ − ℎ4 ) + (ℎ̄ − ℎ5 )
𝛥𝑑 = 𝑠. 𝑑. =

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5

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(35.20 − 35.21)2 + (35.22 − 35.21)2 + (35.20 − 35.21)2 + (35.24 − 35.21)2 + (35.20 − 35.21)2
=√
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𝑠. 𝑑. 0.02
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≈ 0.02 ⇒ 𝑆. 𝐷. = = ≈ 0.01𝑚𝑚
√5 √5
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𝜋 3,14
⇨ 𝑉̄ = 4 (𝐷̄2 − 𝑑̄ 2 ). ℎ̄ = 4 (43.762 − 35.212 ) × 7.97 ≈ 4.22 × 103 (𝑚𝑚3 )

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= 4.22 × 10−6 (𝑚3 )

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𝑚̄ 35.10 −3
⇨ 𝜌̄ = 𝑉̄ = 3 ≈ 8.32 × 10 𝑔/𝑚𝑚3 = 8.32 × 103 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
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4.22×10
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b.) For the steel ball

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𝐷𝑏 1 + 𝐷𝑏 2 + 𝐷𝑏 3 + 𝐷𝑏 4 + 𝐷𝑏 5 10.04 + 10.05 + 10.05 + 10.04 + 10.03
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𝐷̄𝑏 =

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≈ 10.04(𝑚𝑚)
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2 2 2 2 2

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(𝐷̄𝑏 − 𝐷𝑏 1 ) + (𝐷̄𝑏 − 𝐷𝑏 2 ) + (𝐷̄𝑏 − 𝐷𝑏 3 ) + (𝐷̄𝑏 − 𝐷𝑏 4 ) + (𝐷̄𝑏 − 𝐷𝑏 5 )
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𝑠. 𝑑. = 𝛥𝐷𝑏 = √
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(10.04 − 10.04)2 + (10.05 − 10.04)2 + (10.05 − 10.04)2 +(10.04 − 10.04)2 + (10.03 − 10.04)2
=√
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≈ 0.01(mm)
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⇨ 𝑉̄𝑏 = 6 . 𝜋. 𝐷̄𝑏3 = 6 × 3.14 × 10.043 ≈ 0.53 × 103 (𝑚𝑚3 ) = 0.53 × 10−6 𝑚3
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3. Calculation the uncertainties of volume and density:

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a/ For metal hollow cylinder: with 𝑀 = 35.10 𝑔

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𝜋
V̅ = 4 (D̅2 – d̅2 ).h̅
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𝛥𝜋 ∆(𝐷 2 −𝑑2 ) 2 ∆ℎ
⇨ ∆V = V̅ √( 𝜋 )2 + (
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𝐷 2 −𝑑2
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∆𝜋 ∆𝐷 2 ∆𝑑 2 1 ∆ℎ
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= V̅√( 𝜋 )2 + ( 2 √( 𝐷̅ ) + ( 𝑑̅ ) × 𝐷̅2−𝑑̅2 )2 + ( ℎ̅ )2
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0,01 0,02 2 0,01 2 1 0,02
= 4.22 × 103 × √(3,14)2 + ( 2 √(43.76) + (7.97) × 43.762−7.972)2 + (35.21)2

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≈13.65 (mm 3) = 0.01 × 10 −6 (m 3)

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Then V = (4.22 ± 0.01) × 10 −6 (m 3)
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Hence:

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V = (4.22± 0.01) × 10 −6 (m 3)
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𝑚 𝛥𝑉 2 0.01 × 103
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𝑊𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒: 𝜌̄ = ⇒ 𝛥𝜌 = 𝜌√( ) = (8.27 × 10−3 )√( ) ≈ 0.01 × 10−3 𝑔/𝑚𝑚3

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𝑉̄ 𝑉 4.22 × 103
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= 0.01 × 103 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
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Hence
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𝜌 = (8.27 ± 0.01) × 103 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3

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b/ For steel ball: M

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1 𝛥𝜋 2 𝛥𝐷𝑏 0.01 2 0.01 2
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𝑉̄𝑏 = . 𝜋. 𝐷̄𝑏 ⇒ 𝛥𝑉𝑏 = 𝑉̄𝑏 √( ) + (3 ×

3 3 √
) = (0.53 × 10 ) ( ) + (3 × )
6 𝜋 𝐷̄𝑏 3.14 10.04
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= 2.31𝑚𝑚3 ≈ 0.00 × 10−6 𝑚3

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Hence
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𝑉𝑏 = (0.53 ± 0.00) × 10−6 𝑚3

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