UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA (PERAK)

DIPLOMA IN BUILDING SURVEYING (AP1193E)

BSR 221 - BUILDING SERVICES II

COURSE WORK:

- MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEM

- AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM

- ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

PROVIDED FOR:
MUHAMMAD ZAHIR ZULKERNAIN

PREPARED BY:

MUHAMMAD FARIS IQBAL BIN RIDUAN

(2020875202)

1
TABLE OF CONTENT

NO. CONTENT PAGES

1. INTRODUCTION 3

2. CHAPTER 1: BUILDING BACKGROUND 4-7

3. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 8 - 14

4. CHAPTER 3: CASE STUDY 15 - 21

5. CHAPTER 4: CONCLUSION AND 22

RECOMMENDATION

6. REFERENCES 23

2
INTRODUCTION

Ventilation is the process of exchanging tainted indoor air with fresh air from
outside the structure. This can be accidental in the form of air leakage via cracks and
gaps in the building envelop (air infiltration) or purposefully provided ventilation in the
form of natural, mechanical, or a mixture of the two (hybrid or mixed-mode).
Mechanical ventilation distributes airflow around the building via fans and ducting and
then into the room via air terminal devices or diffusers. The focus of this article is on
the present state of mechanical room air distribution systems, with a special emphasis
on recently developed air distribution technologies.

Every structure, especially our home, need proper ventilation system. People in
the building may constantly feel comfortable and cool by using various sorts of
devices such as air conditioners, ceiling fans, and so on. Besides that, good
ventilation system at home can reduce asthma and provides healthier air in the
building. If a house does not have an effective ventilation system and the humidity
level is high, dust mites might thrive. These dust mites and their airborne debris
flourish in poorly ventilated dwellings. When their waste comes into contact with the
skin or is breathed, it can induce allergic responses such as asthma attacks,
dermatitis, watery eyes, itching, sneezing, and a runny nose. These problems can be
considerably alleviated with an adequate ventilation system, and some asthma
sufferers have reported rapid relief after installing such a system in their houses.

Moreover, good ventilation at home can reduce the effects of naturally occuring
radon gas. This is a colourless, odourless radioactive gas produced by the natural
decay of minute quantities of uranium found in all rocks and soils. When this happens,
it forms another radioactive element known as Radon's Daughters, which can attach
themselves to dust particles in the air and, if breathed, cling to the lung's airways.
Radon exposure has been related to between 3% and 14% of all lung cancer
incidences, according to the World Health Organization.

Last but not least, the above reasons show that the importance of good
ventilation at our house which can bring a lot of benefit for ourselves and for other
people. Good ventilation in the house helps you prevent the problems linked with poor
air quality. Take the first steps toward bettering our home's air quality to always stay
healthy.

3
CHAPTER 1.0 BUILDING BACKGROUND

Figure 1.1 Single storey house

The type of building of this house is one storey terrace house. The area of this of this
house is 20x40 square feet. The owner of this house is Haliza Binti Kamaruddin. The
location of this house is located at Ampang, Selangor. This house this house has
been inhabited for the past 50 years ago. In this house, there are two bedrooms, one
toilet, one living room, two lobbies and one kitchen. Materials used in this house are
tiles, rc concrete,steel, brick and others. This house is located around the town area
and close to public facilities such as bus station, futsal court, basketball court,
badminton court and public hall. In this residential area also close to the supermarket
which can make us easier to buy the basic necessities. In this house has five people
living in it. This house also have a good ventilation system that produces us a healthy
air every day.

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1.1 BUILDING GEOMETRY

1) SQUARE: SHAPE OF THE BUILDING

2) SQUARE: SHAPE OF THE COLUMN

3) PYRAMID: SHAPE OF OF THE ROOF

5
1.2 BUILDING ELEMENTS

NO. BUILDING ELEMENTS PHOTO

1. BEAM

Figure 1.2.1 Beam

2. WINDOW

Figure 1.2.2 Window

3. TILES

Figure 1.2.3 Tiles

4. CONCRETE WALL

Figure 1.2.4 CONCRETE WALL

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1.3 BUILDING PLAN

Figure 1.3.1 Floor Plan

1.4 LOCATION MAP

Figure 1.4.1 Location Map

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CHAPTER 2.0: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 INTRODUCTION OF MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEM

Mechanical ventilation systems remove stale air and give fresh air to rooms in a
house or building. Mechanical ventilation and heat recovery systems, for example,
remove and supply. Mechanical ventilation systems are classified into four categories
which are MVHR (Mechanical Ventilation Heat Recovery System, C-MEV
(Centralised mechanical extraction system, most commonly known as Mechanical
Extraction Ventilation (MEV), D-MEV (Decentralised mechanical extraction system
and PIV (Positive input ventilation system).

2.1.1 TYPES OF MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEM

There are several types of mechanical ventilation system:

SUPPLY VENTILATION SYSTEM

A home can become slightly pressurized if outdoor air is continually introduced into
the home. A fan and set of ducts dedicated solely to ventilation can be used for
heating and cooling. An outside air intake can be connected to the main return air duct
to distribute fresh air.

EXHAUST VENTILATION SYSTEM

Indoor fans are not appropriate for homes in humid climates where there is a risk of
hot outdoor air seeping into remaining holes and cracks in the construction assembly.
Hot outdoor air could reach cool interior surfaces and condense, causing moisture to
condense and cause moisture problems.

BALANCE VENTILATION SYSTEM

With two fans, equal quantities of air are brought into and out of the home. HRVs
transfer heat from exhaust air to incoming air during the heating season and from
incoming air to exhaust air in the air conditioning season. ERVs also provide
additional comfort in the winter by adding moisture from the outgoing air to the
incoming air.

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2.1.2 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF MECHANICAL VENTILATION
SYSTEM

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

Improving indoor air quality Need to maintenance every month

Quiet Operation The cost is expensive

Reducing risks of health problems cause It required spaces in our house or

by indoor air pollutants building

2.1.3 SAFETY ASPECT OF MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEM

There are few safety aspects which needs to be taken care of:

CONTROL ERROR

The ventilators setting will be incompatible or bizarre. The system will errors likes the
gas blenders unable to produced the FiO2. The turbine fan will not spin is caused by
system failure.

ALWAYS CHECKING THE VENTILATOR SETTINGS

Assess the patient for comfort, distress, pain, and hemodynamic stability. Review the
last order on the ventilator setts and see if they are the same ones from the previous
shift. Next, check the ventilator settings and the parameters.

ALARMS

A ventilator alarm should never be ignored or silenced without first checking the
problem. The respiratory therapist is responsible for developing policies and
procedures on the use of ventilators. Most hospitals have an interprofessional team
that establishes alarm policies and directives regarding permission to modify them.

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2.2 INTRODUCTION OF AIR - CONDITIONING SYSTEM

An air conditioner is a system that is used to cool a place by extracting heat from the
space and directing it to an outside location. The cold air may then be circulated
throughout a building via ventilation. Air conditioners require some labour to operate;
otherwise, entropy would naturally decrease, which is prohibited by the Second Law
of Thermodynamics. Air conditioners function similarly to heat pumps, however they
use a cooling cycle. The air conditioner is a critical component of the HVAC system,
which focuses on house temperature regulation to enhance comfort and livability.
Split-system air conditioners are named because they have an outside unit (the
condenser) and an inside unit (the evaporator). These two technologies operate
together to cool and dehumidify an indoor area. This humidity occurs when warm air
from within passes over the cold evaporator, where it condenses and loses moisture,
just as warm air does on a cold glass of lemonade. The term "split-system" refers to
an air conditioner that has separate interior and outdoor components. A "packaged"
system is a form of air conditioner that combines these components into a single
outdoor system.

Figure 2.2.1 Air-conditioning system

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2.2.1 TYPES OF AIR - CONDITIONING SYSTEM

There are eight different types of air conditioning equipment on the market. Each type
of air conditioner is built for a certain place and serves a specific purpose. The
following are the several types of AC:

1. Central Air Conditioner

2. Ductless Mini-Split

3. Window Air Conditioner

4. Portable Air Conditioner

5. Floor Mounted AC

6. Hybrid / Dual Fuel Air Conditioner

7. Smart Air Conditioner

8. Geothermal Air Conditioner

2.2.2 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF AIR - CONDITIONING SYSTEM

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

Reduce High Humidity Noise pollution is caused by ambient

noise.

Better Air Quality Expensive cost.

Reduce The Risks Of Dehydration and Air circulation can also spread
Heat Stroke contagious respiratory illnesses.

Decrease Work Stress The use of an air conditioner regularly

dries the skin and mucous membranes.

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2.2.3 SAFETY ASPECT OF AIR - CONDITIONING SYSTEM

1. Make sure your hands are not wet when want to switches on the button.

2. Do not use spray or putting flammable insecticides because it will cause fire.

3. Make sure the AC power are odd when cleaning it.

4. Do not put water or any liquid into the AC because it will cause electric shock.

Figure 2.2.3.1

Figure 2.2.3.2

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2.3 INTRODUCTION OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

In today's modern development, electricity is a major component in building

construction. A building is not complete if there is no electricity power. Electricity has
several applications and benefits on its own. For example, to turn on the lights in a
building, electricity is required. Other electrical equipment must also rely on this
electrical energy in order to be utilized and operate for us. All electrical systems must
be provided with protective devices, the aim of which is to quickly disconnect
malfunctioning electrical equipment from the electrical supply system. This can be
accomplished by using devices that respond directly to the current flowing or by using
protective relays that respond to fault current flow and are utilized to trip additional
devices.

2.3.1 TYPES OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

SINGLE PHASE

Single phase meters are characterized by three terminals - two 'lines' that go in plus
one neutral wire, It is what is also known as a split-phase circuit. Common appliances
such as light bulbs, fridges, television, press irons and others have a small enough
line load to require a single phase electrical feed.

TWO PHASE

Apartments and Condos, normally would utilize two phases for each unit so they
would have two live wires with 208 volts between them and 120 volts between each
line and a neutral, enabling the unit to power receptacles and lights at 120 Volts and
the range at 208 volts. These systems are known as two-phase, three wire-systems
(2-ph, 3-w).

THREE PHASE

Three phase electrical meters have four terminals - three carrying lines (for example
120 volts each to neutral or 208 Volts line to line) and a neutral one. The most
common three phase voltages are 208 volts, 480 volts and 416 Volts. As example,
Canada is unique in the use of 600 Volts distributions systems with a line to neutral
voltage of 347 volts. In future blogs we will discuss Delta connected distribution
systems and different Voltage systems.

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2.3.2 ADVANTAGES SAND DISADVANTAGES OF ELLECTRICAL SYSTEM

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

Renewable energy Not very safe for the children

Electric cables are inexpensive and Moisture may cause harm to the system.
straightforward to lay.

Very slightly influenced by regular Standby batteries necessary in case of

temperature fluctuations. power breakdown.

2.3.3 SAFETY ASPECT OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

1. Never place fingers or other things in an outlet.

2. Keep metal things out of toasters.

3. Never use anything with a cable or plug near water.

4. Never take a plug out by its cord.

5. Stay away from substations and electricity wires.

6. Don't climb on electricity poles.

7. Never fly kites near electrical wires.

Figure 2.3.3.1

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CHAPTER 3.0: CASE STUDY

3.1 MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEM

NO. PHOTO DESCRIPTION

1. The size of this exhaust

fan is 7 x 15 x 26
Centimeters. The main
purpose for having an
exhaust fan is to get the
moisture out of the
bathroom. These fans
assist to regulate and
Figure 3.1.1 Exhaust Fan
eradicate bathroom
smells. Additionally, they
enhance to the safety of
the property and its people
by decreasing emissions
from cleaning solutions
that might possibly create
health-related difficulties.
The type of this system is
exhaust system.

3.1.1 OPERATION SYSTEM

This exhaust fan is usually used when people are using the toilet. The exhaust fans
remove aromas, pollutants, and moisture from an area of the residence, releasing
them outside for disposal. The fan requires a motor to revolve its blades, which act to
suck air out of the area. The stale, damp, or unclean air is forced via the exhaust vent,
departing the house. Exhaust fans function using electricity. They may be controlled
by a wall switch, or some types are fitted with a thermostat that signals the unit to
come on when particular temperatures are achieved in the area.

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3.1.2 MAINTENANCE

1) REMOVE THE EXHAUST COVER

Standing on a sturdy ladder or stepstool, remove the exhaust fan cover. This is
normally secured in place using metal tension clips that need to be pushed for
removal and no tools needed. On some versions, the lid may be secured in place by
screws. The cover itself may be properly cleaned with dish soap and warm water.

2) VACCUM OUT DUST

With the fan blades and motor exposed, use a vacuum wand attachment to remove as
much dust as possible. This cleaning wand may often be found as an extension on
your vacuum cleaner.

3) WIPES THE BLADES WITH A DUSTING CLOTH

Use a dry cleaning cloth to gently remove any leftover dust from the blades and other
internal components. For more persistent filth, consider using a moist towel to clean.
After that, just replace the cover, and your fan is clean and ready. Exhaust fan
maintenance should be a simple and can help save you time and money in the long
term.

3.1.3 ADVANTAGES AND DISDVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

Improve indoor air quality. The exhaust fan cannot be moved

anywhere.

Eliminate bad smell. If the installation is not done properly,

there is a possibility that hot and humid
air can escape to other areas in the
house.

Removes air moisture. Improper installation of the exhaust fan

can make a noise when the fan rotates.

Reduce air contamination. Almost all exhaust fans use electricity, so

they cannot work if there is a blackout.

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3.2 AIR - CONDITIONING SYSTEM

NO. PHOTO DESCRIPTION

1. An air conditioner cools

the air inside your house or
enclosed area by
eliminating heat and
humidity from the air. It
returns chilled air to the
internal environment while
transferring undesired heat
and humidity outdoors.
Figure 3.2.1 Air conditioner
The type of this system is
conditioning system.

3.2.1 OPERATION SYSTEM

Air conditioners exist in a variety of forms and sizes, but they all function on the same
fundamental idea. An air conditioner offers chilly air inside your house or enclosed
area by actually eliminating heat and humidity from the interior air. It returns the
cooled air to the internal environment, and transports the undesired heat and humidity
outside. A conventional air conditioner or cooling system employs a specialized
chemical called refrigerant, and has three major mechanical components: a
compressor, a condenser coil and an evaporator coil. These components work
together to swiftly convert the refrigerant from gas to liquid and back again. The
compressor boosts the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant gas and feeds it to
the condenser coil where it is turned to a liquid. Then the refrigerant goes back inside
and enters the evaporator coil. Here the liquid refrigerant evaporates, and cools the
interior coil. A fan sweeps interior air over the chilly evaporator coil where the heat
within the residence is absorbed into the refrigerant. The cooled air is then circulated
throughout the house while the heated evaporated gas is delivered back outside to
the compressor. The heat is subsequently released into the external air when the
refrigerant returns to a liquid condition. This procedure repeats until your house has
achieved the appropriate temperature.

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3.2.2 MAINTENANCE

AIR CONDITIONER FILTERS

Clogged, unclean filters restrict the quantity of airflow and dramatically lower a
system's efficiency. Replacing a filthy, clogged filter with a clean one will cut your air
conditioner's energy usage by 5 percent to 15 percent. Room air conditioners feature
a filter located in the grill that faces into the room. Some kinds of filters are reusable;
others must be changed.

AIR CONDITIONER COILS

An air conditioner's evaporator coil and condenser coil gather dirt throughout their
months and years of usage. Cleaning the space surrounding the coil, cleaning any
garbage, and pruning foliage back at least 2 feet (0.6 meters) provide for proper
airflow around the condenser. Dryer vents, falling leaves, and lawn mower are all
possible sources of dirt and debris.

COIL FINS

The aluminium fins on evaporator and condenser coils are readily bent and may
restrict airflow across the coil. Air conditioning wholesalers provide a product called a
"fin comb" that will comb these fins back into practically original shape.

CONDENSATE DRAINS

Occasionally put a strong wire through the unit's drain passages. Clogged drain
channels prohibit a unit from lowering humidity, and the ensuing excess moisture may
discolor walls or carpet.

HIRING A PROFESSIONAL

When your air conditioner requires more than normal maintenance, such as when it
does not drop the inside temperature to a tolerable level, engage a professional
service specialist. A well-trained expert will detect and rectify faults in your air
conditioning system.

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3.2.3 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

Reducing chances of health issues The cost is expensive

generated by indoor air pollution

Quiet Operation It required spaces in our house or

building

Improving indoor air quality Need to maintenance every month

3.3 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

NO. PHOTO DESCRIPTION

1. A distribution box is an
electrical supply system
component that separates
an electrical power source
into subsidiary circuits
while providing a
protective fuse or circuit
breaker for each circuit in a
single enclosure. In most
cases, a primary switch is
used, and on newer
boards, one or more
residual-current devices
(RCDs) or residual current
breakers with over current
protection (RCBOs) are
also used.
Figure 3.3.1 Distribution Box

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3.3.1 OPERATION SYSTEM

Essentially, employing a power distribution box means means that you don’t have to
connect each output device directly to the power supply. This simplifies the circuit,
and makes it more efficient by sparing you from having to use any more wires than
absolutely required (hence saving energy) (therefore saving energy). As well as
saving on probable power waste, having fewer actual cables to deal with also makes
the atmosphere safer for workers and visitors. Wires may create a big tripping danger,
and have a horrible tendency of becoming hooked on items.

3.3.2 MAINTENANCE

1. Check function of all power meters before shutdown.

2. Check function of lighting and indicators.

3. Inspect locking devices for indicators damage or wear.

4. Clean thoroughly, vacuum and comprehensive visual examination of outside and

inside of all LV switchboards.

5. Inspect control wiring, relays, power supply units, timers, etc. when appropriate.

6. Check electronic surge protection is intact where fitted.

7. Verify control circuit fuse rating and continuity.

8. Check and torque test bolted electrical connections as required to prescribed

values.

9. ACB maintenance withdrawable or fixed, check contacts, arc chutes secondary

injection, etc.

10. Visual assessment for indicators of overheating or degradation.

11. Final visual examination to verify everything clear after work finished.

12. Inspection of all panels for paint work damage and signs of corrosion.

13. Check battery tripping packs, battery integrity, symptoms of faults and others

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3.3.3 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

Removable front door to enable Standby batteries important in case of

accessibility to gadgets power outage.

Epoxy coated electro-galvanized steel Not very safe for the children
enclosure with adequate wire space

Knock outs are provided on top/bottom Moisture may cause injury to the system.

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CHAPTER 4.0 RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUTION

As conclusion, a good ventilation at home has a lot of benefits to ourselves. After

completing study on air ventilation in my home, I learned that my house had quite
decent air ventilation. This is because my home has a lot of mechanical ventilation
systems that assist to constantly supply fresh air into the house. With the assistance
of an air conditioner may also deliver cool and pleasant air all the time.

Moreover, proper ventilation keeps the air fresh and healthy inside. Like the lungs,
houses need to be able to breathe to make sure that new air gets in and polluted air
goes out. Air inside may build up excessive quantities of dampness, smells, gases,
dust, and other air contaminants. To keep the air safe inside, fresh outside air is
essential to neutralize these interior contaminants. To offer appropriate air quality,
enough air has to be brought in and circulated so that it reaches all regions of the
residence. For practically all dwellings, windows and structural features help to
bringing in fresh air.

Other than that, many houses have extra mechanical systems that add to the flow.
For example, likes stoves and restrooms, require particular venting that can remove
the pollutants they emit. Ventilation above stoves has to transport the air outdoors to
prevent dispersing pollutants from cooking within the residence. Ventilation helps
minimize interior air pollution, but it works best if accompanied with keeping known
sources of air pollution out of the building. For example, the only approach to
decrease the harm of secondhand smoke inside is to not allow smoking within or near
the entrances. Ventilation will not fix that issue. Outdoor air may potentially carry
pollutants inside as well, so taking actions to prevent outdoor air pollution is vital, too.

Then, if we have a poor ventilation at home, the carbon monoxide may build up to
dangerous amounts inside without appropriate ventilation, but it is not the only worry.
Besides that, high humidity outdoors may make interior air more humid, increasing the
danger of moisture damage inside, such as mold development or wood rot.

Therefore, proper ventilation should be emphasized in our home so that it is not

easy to become ill and always obtain fresh air every day. Take the initial steps toward
bettering our home's air quality to always remain healthy.

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T. (n.d.). An Introduction To Good Acoustics | Troldtekt. An introduction to good

acoustics | Troldtekt.
https://www.troldtekt.com/product-properties/good-acoustics/advanced_acoustic
s/good-acoustics/

Awbi, H. B. (2001, January 1). Ventilation And Air Distribution Systems In Buildings.
Frontiers.
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2015.00004/full#:~:text=Ventil
ation%20is%20the%20process%20of,air%20from%20outside%20the%20buildin
g.&text=In%20mechanical%20ventilation%2C%20the%20airflow,air%20terminal
%20devices%20or%20diffusers.

Ltd, EnviroVent. “The Importance of Good Ventilation.” EnviroVent Ltd, Accessed 24

Jan. 2022.

http://www.envirovent.com/help-and-advice/why-ventilate/indoor-air-quality/the-import

ance-of-good-ventilation/#:~:text=Ventilation%20helps%20your%20home%20rid

“BPC Ventilation: Heat Recovery Systems | Home Ventilation System.”

https://www.bpcventilation.com/blog/what-is-a-mechanical-ventilation-system/

“Air Conditioner - Energy Education.”

https://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Air_conditioner#:~:text=An%20air%20condi

tioner%20is%20a,throughout%20a%20building%20through%20ventilation.&tex

t=Refrigerant%20then%20passes%20through%20the,refrigerant%20to%20the%

20outside%20air.

administrator. “The Different Types of Air Conditioning Systems.” ActronAir, 26

Nov. 2020,

https://actronair.com.au/2020/11/27/the-different-types-of-air-conditioning-systems/

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