DPU

UNIITEST|

Olain fhe concepE OP poLling.

0olling fhert 1g one mader Station and seeral
slave stajonu.
In pol
Colting SS a proesS O Conhnuous cheoking opothor proqams Drdowr
o check fmetr_ Shakk If Uually seeg Nhethu hey are SHL Cennoukd ar wonE

o Communtcakr ermíno (base

one Rominal Can be htard by all others_this Cunhral

shathon) Can po|l 0il oho minaly aCCor ding b aCr taîn Scheme u
suhum kmwn rom PiKed nthuuorts

h (an poll Th slavos according

masher
mony schihai o
E m baeHe paterDA aresimila Over alsfai0))
Kouna TobN only eeeinen
randomly+- e
acCorcdMa o Teservano (th dlaseroo m ultn poll Shudanh

Randomly addreSSLdpolling
rminay._
to all moblle
Bse Shdh on sfQnab readineSs

lermina ready to Send Can

now ransmíb Mard om num her
wlhaouE a
le ean
FMA (HaL rand om nun er Can
Colltsfon _ula help m
of CDMA or

unamíc oddresS)
one addregs for Pom th lN O polling
h bage shahon noui chooSes
mninatb Mooseha Same
address
random num bescollfsion wo
and ConHnuu pollinq mnek_
Tho base slai m úcknowiedgu corec poda

minal
ling allkmmmab o thu llst
his CyUestars agajn afr_pol

CISmA)
yplain pb[bi Sense mulHple CCeess
MuLHplk Acces CsmA)
rocli
lnhiblt sene
ompared to AtoHA OrComAthe
f SLupplkmtnkd byan out b0und sianalling dE
stahus oF he u
LSHErO

nanneleltmer busy o dt
an idle snal dE r beq innin

n ISmA the base shahon hransmlb

ehre
slanal bofore iEakemps
ihAHemp=
aGreaso Eah er hub monibr Ha
 1sMA 1 SOmeH
med caled
DP
lous4 br
OCess hebace Shai on Via bu
ynaled
19
tont

shak o0 han nedium nlink (baseSta

CuTeh on the downi.
hTh bas slaH on slgnals

meolum fs free ornot nedium ÍS buUsy- ubu

if n o1shp
Temtnal must Notsend as soon as
th Su
Teminaus canALes temdlum Cund eucCELs
Pul
col l1sfoni
h base skait sqnals
 DPU
UNIT TESLS

ONLe a dnort note on basic cellular mobile communftab0m SuStm

Apasie
d
eellulOk eeat Suskm_Comtains
unit
8par

i A mobile
ceLdke_
Amobilk klaphone suwlkching office (MTSO
Land kelephone ntwork
yofte Circuit

Swhches and
ProcessoYS

Dedirokd yolt
Crodt Circu
Mobile unib

<tt sit
Ccll sik

Ce sR 2
Mobile UnitA mobile telephene unit Con tatns a canbrol o
unit
ronsrec1ewt and an anlenna 3ySkenm
Cel s[k-hl ellsile provida interfate eueun thi MISo and thumobile
uniK ha t a
cen tro) unltradio CobineksDknna d poue_plant &daka

Hrminal
Mobile untt fs aongrcuye EmoveANany o th allSiku.
1MTS o Ona uhkal Co ordlnainy_elumin forcell sH,
Cotun u
Th switthing
celluar
OFCICo

and ceuula swithu.IfnkrFauu

processes u
Ruphonu ompany Zon offu: Como call processinq 3 hand billirg0thvhy
 on qencial Pauet Radia Susiknm CCPRS)
DPU
NTIR a short n okt

Ans Genal PackiKadio

uuork entihu
Strvice isan oxerlay on

GeRS cusn ud
oy qsM
sM
bp OP GSM phusical
mobie Ohs
a DLxplal
ack in pamlle wih uSM netuon,, De me
aPRS ntuuork
Sulfchd connchom to heeXkral natuuorks
proidi
mo
A uPRS uork must provfds all of HunHmality ofa usMm a cmmn
nah
packat swituheel

Fraeny
uncy spthrum
sp
natwoLand mors
Df aSM K
QPRS shorH pacleuh of Soo-loo0
d DVelayed onthraftic chann
bte havt short access Hime
channa
IDb

anyh
PRS Speed Impro
aPRS can hereHcally on b eight GSM Hmeiloh oT upltnlc_and d CPm
haffiC bo
Coe
Im capauy anqu om a.05
Aarinoq amount 6E erfor Contech m
kbps a214 kbps Wher_he &loue o /So

nttus
u
CPRS dovtu the
qPRS devia) areexpecttd to be in many EPUrent shapufuntt oal
t (anbe diided Int 3cakaDriu Pive
01 ClassH detCu can aptrak botn_
CPRSandls_Seni-ett smulla VoLFC
With other QiM serYite (Suth a anormal vace cal) leanab
(12cloas B tovie can operak hoth QPRS dnd asM gervic but not ah the
CCLme Hm The dvne mustshiAF betu0un tm wo modles Jautcan be
inthiottuork or bom
YUoss dloC operak excluu y CeR Sevictn
MAulnr

ma
bane

pel

Co
 DPU
UNIT TEST 3
PU
kosics_of 40
Settu A wrdt ranga dFsiu uill be
nvgedSer
avEniunt gdnd setmy vfa
avalable t
t
A ar nttuok Peraamal
d
infoumiim sŠhDOE L enkufuinnnt tul
uams swm mugd b
u Ams_bprid
bilt acdu b mulhmed sUt
noee g
hr ll nt
Deitu
dio_acteuRchnoloq_ca urlla
on
accecs

cimpl_ctly
reapam. cellLtlar cu
fa

nhm af hupa oinkta alt

nicam
nttd
ntuO7 o vmtualycsheun)nnchybm
otkallouug

andd
deendtnt=RIMna SOftuare Susums ar tmplayed orallpurpasa

Dptrhim LpmviioninkrfLng ani ikqrab'on te Nomly

tuors kut N
mobile divicu wll behiahly intelliaentau Luell-

nHmal
ecniqLablt via SOE

h ltrdviU=AdEminq_Rake oA ull he tnu pmliferaham ofa

NEuniF ANICULHat art apablt_of Aestiy u
4G hadkhoneaeless
mbiliht illbe em bedldid inb diwu hatu auldn'tetn_camsidu bdag

tat mipank.behind ni abu thim bautenamaucly_eommuniak uith

bensth
Can
hramau ntuwork - INNilR uU dviu athuhly nklligent th core
nT uillalAa be iy Saphithtakd-twIL be dapable pe mancain
EnddYnamlcally_adlaphrg h_ ¢hanqing ntwoTE Candii na UNr
knnt fr Stam lu comoLun icahm. Apa m evNOLVed mobiiky
nagotnkConnuuhm ComhaLhand at mehanism elt duname
lol h_allocmhon will malu Far mo cifrrent u of raalio
uhum-

mpor 40&S
 Paramue A- DPU
()Lakn
i
Lo ms Less
iharn
Peak data rale
(DNO.Ofmobile
1 Cubps
&blllion (20162
20p p
DEXPlaln
Connicki oma 1billlon(2011) Lv6
C Channe bardwidth 20MH- m
im
looMH balok G
200 H oDMH
0or bu
nIPv6
Nrequenuy bad 6.00MHp _o 6.125qHa
VPbP
as
VDUpng wave brm_ Sinqltcuno eoUAentyolvision
2Pv6
OpHOn for
udicpru d
Mulhiple atceis (SC-F DMA)
0Troaona frouru
mulHtp 1RYing
CPofD
Py6 adolr
Vi_UerEApment +23del bal_millwaHts excpE 26 denm forl h
UE2 hranimittd A.S Hg Hme-div sfn
6ut su_bandu a Bcrefly
power duplexibg band A
Uhurf264Lm| po A.5 H Adho
Lperson
ouwy_powr Cl0s_a}t20dBm.

CivllLC
Smali

INDEmRrE

Fighi

Ad voan

MNO
ItCa
nfro
HCO
Adho-

Adh
Pun
Bapd
Lmi
 DPU
UNIT IE ST 4

nExplan_Rakuer of IPvG
fvprovidSimplifed and enhanced patkut heoder b allouu for mare
OCEreen Ouhn
6 imp1ore sLupport far mobile phones and other mabile cmpuhng daA
ey6 enfbruncrrased mandabry dala seruriHy mrough IPsec
Pv6providu moreexknsive aualiH of caviu (as)suppon
Pvh addesses comsiSt O 128 b which allo approyimalelyA.4XID Odd rEAAn
iPv6 MeQht eh OF Gur hey adeciml dlqin-
.)1Pv 6 dou n0t cuppott broadcast addresce but înstead ULU mulhtai
addruw or broad caut

2Bruy do uibe foilouwing_neHwoI Hdhoc Nehwo Y

Adhoc nekuors areLud In man applicationa such a

hperional area nutworking9 Lell phone, apptarphapi,aT-
Milfta ry applicah on
CivilLan enVlonment U Lax cab nekwovl Sporu Stadium,boah
Smaliarcrafh-

nEmerqenuy operaiomA sudh a Sea rch and retut MSCu polfcng and

Eghhng
SAdvantages of adho nghwnrks

1NO infashuUtue needod.

Can be deploud qulckly Ubere thi [sno uireUlOM Communlcohom

nfros huue preent

A Canact aA exungian b Pxisinq nihuo( hance Caverag

AdhocthwoT arr (oS etedhivt

Adhoc nwory Conthraimk

Pynami bpoloqÍu
andwidlh rcauirtmun
Limilah of hronsmlitin9-po
 DPU
Limikd physfca Stcuuiy-
J
DPU
UNIT TEST 5
Conhrol
nEXPlaln fh Conctpk of Conqesi0m
Tradional TO sUPerr framn probltnm of
Paut oss in xed nohuworks Hypically auLe b (emporary Ovuload sltuaia..

Roul t haye b ds Card pacler a Soop nebufferL de Pul

n TCP Deaqni ze Conqerhion anlyindire yo missîg acknoailedgemenh,

rehansmisS[ Mn unwisH thuy uould onl_cgmlbuk bh Cngeshion aoma

iteAtn uwOTte

TCP
When bO many paduun rwhiDg
dgraola
o3
and hi siuahom icalted a
conge h 0m conhro) metnods=
2Addihive nurecJe

2Xplain WAP
()Slow star

ac asamidauauwa
)
b a nodi
Congeann

Kehransmilt

re whidh_per
orpart O netwoYK

farm Coding and

prmúnti

enCAalTO_
D WI galkwoy
hotulenLellular _dwo and hmo b suver

WHP galeway can be locaktd elithirin a eletom petuuofk or wihina.

COmp Ukr data httwork CISP)

wAP qaleway impienmonh awAp prokoca stackif prbrm prohcolL

ranlaom biHueLn pheo n seryer

WAP gaRway_ camprem iML Page b Save kanduidtn

WAP qaHway pe forms Uer auuhenticahon. and biLia archi Rtkure oPw

WAf @kemou Managemun

Conky mapping
GiDg dota
bs ufber WSP HTTP SNMPetr
dato WTP

wTLS SSL

WTr TC
wIreless vwDP 1P Tnune
woT HTurtd
 DPU
EXRrnal Inerfaces_n_laAP gakways are
asmscanRr wing probcols
HITP seryes b fetch WML pag/
ChA_ dovice ing wBe pracol Stu
Hundions of LAP UARway_
Implenuntation wAP probcol sade
DrcCoI rapemio romJahnm bLaan mabilk handaLE RseAver.
DConmprrss wML mge bso band uwldih
C UALrautbenticaiom billlng-
 DPU
UNIT TEST 6

EYplainFakurt OP Mablle 0s
he 0S handlu mulh taskinq in thi woy natit can handla
Multitasiing=
mulhple operah s ICxetul muliple proqrams at
ar Specia suShtm softuware htch bandls PrOC
SnNdulers
ahm
-
Scneduuing
in vanow Lways hairmaun taak 1S b at mi is
schitaluarng
Cubrmitdino h Syskm_andro detd uhtch proc b Iun
Memory allocahion humaun menory mut 0ccomadalt tboth fha
oQAraing Syshm and hi variou UAMproca A wefherebre noiol o
allotak diFCUent po.v oP maio mmory in timostePfiht ag
Possible

Fle SHeba heaant UA oP Shreams

mkItale k b ommunfta wh Q
Fi1 cusHm bhich groupA oPdaka can bewriHkn dund rom whidh HlaULon
b reiUN ed
Keupad înttrtace Poyid eEtrent key baard imkrtace
ILO inkertare lolOkrfate
Mulhfornnat
Prokciom andsuuuty-hoeturity funtionalfy ndudu prokckd
omraiuniaktona andbiHWaun alurnlnad rminishrom oktM ad is
Chmfiquraim (opablihti Suskm monihriDg kor dUtChisnA Of u y
ernt nk and the 0biliy dreril h Soura of updatt
iMulHmedia PeaurtA mai 1e 0smanaqe mobile multimedio feo0Fure

ListAnd expiain co Special conshrainh mobile os

DEsan and capabilinc oF a MahllL O 15Very_difranE ihan a general

OS running on dPK np mauh Inuy
ULpose
hor
deiu
are

o
speual Cmshalng
opera
Und0r Uh jdhthe operahng SuSEm fa moble

Phusical Con shraunh

LmtHd mimory 1 Linmkd Strean_STuu
Miniature kywword Lialkd powr (procoAxim bakt=ey)
 DPU
LE)Wortug in Unuainihy
WreleS mediunm
DLimid and Ptuetuaing OF hi for ban
andung Conntho
uo Os ned _provdo robuwt methods
WHnSuY£C Ip erupHone and 0d hoc Uemph_
b
Comr
cakt

U Nekwork ciqnal Come andgO

dUsappR0
DHhur dovicA_appLar_and
oE moblie os.
Speualservlurquremunt
Support brspeuA_Cammdni cakim P1oDCDIS_

Support ora vartcty oFinput mechanism

(MDCompliancewith open dtandara
LU Xen g)e brary Qupport
 DPU
J ASStAtGMENT
NIT TEST (SIh Seplkmke
callia on avoidance (CaMALC
Fxplain carier Sense muliple acteLa wlth

whatis ne reason_ ta mplermentlng CMD with CA 0Atcgy t

nd
Nireless 0Ckworks
One improvement to hi bagic Aln ha is semsing te ca1 haM
accessing tho medlum.

Sensing1n Carrier d
accescIng the meddum anl y

ISidle dlecrtaau nL probablilty of a collSLan

ithu Cal

Only excopti.0n is hfddon 1er ml nals cunn he dAad

( gT
ol

ifa hiddoneminal trangmils al samelm4h

Col1ision míghE occU
th0 repleyer

n pon perssHent CsmA cos SnsA ta carr( 1 ar

IF u medlum 15 1lg 1he nt n
Sending immadidkly
by thi staion paL a andoro ameunl nf f4 Fn
Senging umedium ag 0in and epealing 1hls pallen

Inp-P.ersishent S44hem4 Dadn ano sipsu }1 nidiul, hu

only rarcmik Lifh
CefnA
a prohabiillg of p, th 1n4 i sh a1Andiltinli

thenext Slot ifh thapsohabiitH 1 pe. 011t8s is s1aldlA

In 1-ptrsishent LsmA sysiems,al1 41a)1p Vithing yn4

Ihisui caus rnary colliS1nn iF

many shaian vIAh Je &
blod ihir
tath

Eplaln
AastAn eyarnpie for an irnpl1dt
1nultple auess (9ROA
i
in duall focke Rstuyahon Muitipik
1An 4hns
huu LHOR
pan hay

A ca1an numbdLos fom akamt,hanis 5114480G

 DPU
ASSttéttFHT 3
NIT TEST C15th Sepkmbcr)

acces with colliston oavoída nce (CeMAlCA).

EXplain
What is
carnter Senge mulEiple
he reason fbrimplemernting CS MA ith CA Shrakgy n
irelesa OworKSY_
One mpraremint_to hi bagie Aloha jssensing
tnecarrier bekorn
accessing tho medlum.

Sensin tmi carrmer ad accescing th medlunm only ifthelatrit-

is idlecdecrtau thi pobability of collfSLam a
Only exeptm is hidden terminalA cannot bedheckd
i1 iE hiddon Hminalransmits atrusameHmi a anolhL,
a a
Co1lis ian might OCCur aktthe recleer

n pon pergisent CsmA ,

&taUhons sonse tne carrier and shart
Sending immedickely 1fHhi nmedium 15 1dle.
Jf the medium fs
buAy thistatiom paUuA aandom amount of tMe bPore
thi medium gag ain and repeatipg fhfs patern
Senging
In P-percickent
a
,
CSMA sqseM noclj aUooSAngp hi Nmedium,buE
Probabily ofp with thi statioon dofeming lD
only trasmit with
th nexE slot Lw th the probability 1-p je.a(Cess is slotted ioaddihon

aCcess

Ihisi1ca
hi modium
many
at
ho SOmL Hme
ColliSi nA 1Pmany
,a
n 4persistent CsmA sustems all staHoma wHching t bansnit
soornas Ebecones idi
Statioma wIsh to Send &

bodetath othi

plaln in cutall Muihple Acce (PRMA

Pa cket Reservahon

ns. An example for an jmplfdt rALYaHon schemo is packot reaervaujom

ulttple acLess (eRMA
A_certalD numb0r o Clo form_aArame ramu arerepeakd.
Stahios CompuH for empHJ 9los d ccording tb tha Slotted doha plnctpl_
On.ce astahon_reseLx a sld
SutttisEully, thisSlot j auomaicallyasignod
 tothis shatHan in alfbllowng_tramtsaA long_csthe stes
DPU
Compehttan forthis slors sharb agaun a soonas thi slot
last Fra me.
Reservah
rame A
n 2DlA
34 S6 7& im
VEL lelA
slot

AcDABAE LAlc Collsion

at
ALDARA- frame 2 LAlcDA lA EI atiemps
ritrNaion

AC-A OAEfrome 3 Ac A BlAC

A--BAFD fromt 4 AL 8AF D
ALEE BAFOfromm 6 A llElEe AlE LolJ

6Explain in detal thhauinty allo cation in CSM.

Ans ThiFrtquoncy alocahonin_qsM S ad
broadly dlbvidad 2
intb
into
broad
Cakgorie) 900MHa band R I8O0 MH2 band
Tho Connechon establishd om mobile ShaHon o base ghahovia

radio channel asupink is ermed

Th connsetion_ stablished hom baae srahon bmobile shatim viaa

radio channol iS termed as doumlink.

CDooMH3-
-- Ms han smlt-> k-
-
BStansr

890MH 915MH2 936

MM2 q60MH3

In 900 MH2 band the uplink trans mission band ang rem ta
|b q15MH
In 120o 0oMHa band the doun Aink ransmission band rangu n
Io 960MH
Cri 12 0 MH
M honunit 6s hansmil

766 1805 MH3

(71D MH2 Mi 16 80 MH3
 DPU
1800MH banafhi_uplink hron cmissian band rangi Prom 1oMH
185MH3.
0o MHG bapd doumink ransmission band rangu hom 8 OS MH3-
In 1600
&ed to 188oMH2