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ﻛﻠﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳ ﺔ
ﺒﺔ
ﺟﺎﻣﻌ ﺔ ﻃﻴ
ﻗ ﺴﻢ
ﻫﻨﺪﺳ ﺔ ﻣﺪﻧﻴ ﺔ
اﻟﺪورة CE 341:
ﻣﻮارد اﻟﻤﻴﺎه
ﺘﻮﺣ ﺔ
اﻟﺪرس اﻷول :ﻣﻘﺪﻣ ﺔ إﱃﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻘﻨﻮا ت اﻟﻤﻔ
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ﻣﻘﺪﻣ ﺔ
ﺘﻴﺎر ﺣﺮ
ﺑﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟ ﺴﺎﺋﻞ
ﺘﻮﺣ ﺔ ﻫ ﻲ ﻗﻨﺎةﻳ
ﺘﻮﺣ ﺔ• :اﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻟﻤﻔ
ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻟﻤﻔ
ﺑ ﺖ.
ﺛﺎﺘﺤﺮك ووﺳﻂﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻐﻄﻰ وﺳﻴﻜﻮن ﻟﻪ ﺿﻐﻂ
ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟ ﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻤ•اﻟ ﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﺤﺮ ﻫﻮ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ واﺟﻬ ﺔ
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Machine Translated by Google
ﻣﻘﺪﻣ ﺔ
ﺒﻴﻌﻴ ﺔ.
ﺘﺪﻓﻘﺎ ت ﻓ ﻲ اﻷﻧﻬﺎر واﻟﺠﺪاول واﻷﻧﻬﺎر اﻟﻄ
ﺜﻠ ﺔ ﻗﻠﻴﻠ ﺔ •اﻟ
ﺘﻮﺣ ﺔ :أﻣ
ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻘﻨﻮا ت اﻟﻤﻔ
•ﻗﻨﻮا ت اﻟﻤﻼﺣ ﺔ
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Machine Translated by Google
ﺒﻴﻌﻴ ﺔ
ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻘﻨﻮا ت اﻟﻄ اﻟﻘﻨﻮا ت ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﻮرﻳ ﺔ:
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Machine Translated by Google
ﺒﻴﻌ ﺔ اﻟﺤﺪود
ﺘﻨﺪ إﱃ ﻃ
Open Channel:أﻧﻮاعﺗ ﺴ
ﺘﺸﻮه
ﺑﻠ ﺔ ﻟﻠ
ﺒ ﺔ :اﻟﺤﺪود ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎ
ﺒ ﺔ /اﻟﻘﻨﻮا ت اﻟﺼﻠ
اﻟﻘﻨﻮا ت ذا ت اﻟﺤﺪود اﻟﺼﻠ
ﺘﺪﻓﻖ(
)ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ واﻟﻤ ﺴﻄﺤ ﺔ واﻟﺨﺸﻮﻧ ﺔ ﻟﻴ ﺴ ﺖ ﻣﻦ وﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎ ت اﻟ
ﺘﺂﻛﻞ.
ﺑﻠ ﺔ ﻟﻠ
ﺒﻄﻨ ﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻘﺎ
ﺒﻄﻨ ﺔ واﻟﻤﺠﺎري واﻟﻘﻨﻮا ت ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤ
ﺜﻠ ﺔ :اﻟﻘﻨﻮا ت اﻟﻤ
أﻣ
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Machine Translated by Google
ﺒﻴﻌ ﺔ اﻟﺤﺪود
ﺘﻨﺪ إﱃ ﻃ
Open Channel:أﻧﻮاعﺗ ﺴ
ﺘﺪﻓﻖ.
ﺒ ﺐ اﻟ
ﺑﺴﺘﻤﺮة
ﺘﺮﺳﻴ ﺐ اﻟﻤ ﺴ
ﺘﺂﻛﻞ واﻟ
ﺒ ﺐ ﻋﻤﻠﻴ ﺔ اﻟ
ﺑﺴﺘﺸﻮه
ﺘﻨﻘﻠ ﺔﺗﺨﻀﻊ ﺣﺪود ﻫﺎ ﻟﻠ
ﻗﻨﻮا ت اﻟﺤﺪود اﻟﻤ
ﺗﺼﺎل ﻣﻊ
ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ وﻓ ﻲ ا
ﺒﻴﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮواﺳ ﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟ
ﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﻛﻤﻴﺎ ت ﻛ
ﺜﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﻻ ت ،وﻳﺤﻤﻞ اﻟ
ﺘﺤﺮﻛ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ ﻣ
ﺣﺪود اﻟﻘﻨﺎة ﻣ
ﺒﻘ ﺔ.اﻟﻄ
ﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﺒ ﺔ ﻟﻘﻨﺎة ﻣﻌﻴﻨ ﺔ ،ﻟﻴ ﺲ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﻤﻖ اﻟﺑﺎﻟﻨ ﺴﺑﻊ درﺟﺎ ت ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺮﻳ ﺔ. ﺑﺄر ﺘﻊ
ﺘﻤ ﺘﻨﻘﻠ ﺔﺗ
ﺒﺎر اﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻟﻌﺎﻣ ﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺪود اﻟﻤ
ﺘﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻋ
ﺘﻤﺎدًا
ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮا ت ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﻜﺎن واﻟﺰﻣﺎن اﻋﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ( ﻟﻠﻘﻨﺎة ﻟ ﻳﻀﺎ ﻋﺮض اﻟ ﺴﺮﻳﺮ ،ﻗﺪﻳﺨﻀﻊ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﺪر اﻟﻄﻮﻟ ﻲ واﻟﻤ ﺴﻄﺤ ﺔ )أو اﻟ وﻟﻜﻦ أ ً
ﺘﺪﻓﻖ. ﻋﲆ ﻧﻮع اﻟ
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Machine Translated by Google
ﺘﺢﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻘﻨﺎة:
ﻓ
ﺘﻘﺮ.
ﺘﺪﻓﻖ اﺳﻢ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣ ﺴ
ُﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﲆ اﻟ
ﺑﻤﺮور اﻟﻮﻗ ﺖ ،ﻳﺘﻔﺮﻳﻎ
ﺘﻘﺮة :إذاﺗﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﻌﻤﻖ أو اﻟ
ﺘﺪﻓﻘﺎ ت ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤ ﺴ
اﻟ
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2 7
Machine Translated by Google
ﺘﺢﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻘﻨﺎة:
ﻓ
ﺘﻈﻢ .ﻗﻨﺎة
ﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﻣﻨ
ﺘ ﺔ ﻋﲆ ﻃﻮل اﻟﻘﻨﺎة ،وﻳﻘﺎل أن اﻟ
ﺑﺛﺎﺘﻮﺣ ﺔﺗﻈﻞ
ﺘﺪﻓﻖ ،ﻓ ﻲ ﻗﻨﺎة ﻣﻔ
ﺜﻞ ﻋﻤﻖ اﻟ
ﺘﺪﻓﻖ ،ﻣ
ﺘﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻤﻮﺣﺪ :ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟ
اﻟ
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ﺘﻨﻮع
ﺘﻨﻮع.ﺗﺪﻓﻖ ﻣ
ﺘﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻤ
ﺘﻈﻢ أو اﻟ
ﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻨ
ﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﻋﲆ ﻃﻮل اﻟﻘﻨﺎة وﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ اﻟ
ﺘﻠﻒ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟ
ﺘﻈﻤ ﺔ:ﺗﺨ
ﺘﺪﻓﻘﺎ ت ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻨ
اﻟ
ﺑ ﺴﺮﻋ ﺔ )(RVFﺘﻨﻮع
ﺗﺪﻓﻖ ﻣ
ﺗﺪرﻳﺠ ًﻴﺎ )(GVF
ﺘﺨﺮاﺟﻪ ﻣﻨﻪ.
ﺘﺪﻓﻖ إﱃ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم أو اﺳ
ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺘﻨﻮﻋ ﺔ ﻣﻜﺎﻧ ًﻴﺎ :إذاﺗﻤ ﺖ إﺿﺎﻓ ﺔ
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ﺘﺪﻓﻘﺎ ت اﻟﻤ
اﻟ
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Machine Translated by Google
ﺘﺢﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻘﻨﺎة:
ﻓ
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Machine Translated by Google
:ﺘﺢﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻘﻨﺎة
ﻓ
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Machine Translated by Google
ﺘﺢﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻘﻨﺎة:
ﻓ
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Machine Translated by Google
ﺘﺢﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻘﻨﺎة:
ﻓ
ﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟ ﺴﺮﻋ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ أي وﻗ ﺖ
أﻇﻬﺮ ت اﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺎ ت اﻟﻤﻴﺪاﻧﻴ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ اﻷﻧﻬﺎر واﻟﻘﻨﻮا ت أن ﻣ
ﺘﻮى 0.6ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﺤﺮ ،ﺣﻴ ﺚﻳﻜﻮن رأﺳ ًﻴﺎ .
ﻳﺤﺪ ث ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣ ﺴ
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ﺘﺢﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻘﻨﺎة
ﻓ
ﺘﺪﻓﻖ
ﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟ
ﺒﻌﺪ ﻟ
ﻃﺮﻳﻘ ﺔ أﺣﺎدﻳ ﺔ اﻟ
ﺗﺪﻓﻖ.
ﺋﻴ ﺴ ﻲ
ﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻟﺮ
ﺗﺠﺎ ﻫﺎ ت ﻏﻴﺮ ا
•ﺳﺮﻋﺎ ت ﻓ ﻲ ا
ﺒﺮ.
ﺘﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﻻﺗﻌ
ﻣﻦ اﻟ
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Machine Translated by Google
ﺘﺢﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻘﻨﺎة
ﻓ
ﻣﻦ أي
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ﺘﺢﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻘﻨﺎة
ﻓ
اﻟﺬيﻳﻌﻄ ﻲ
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Machine Translated by Google
ﺘﺢﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻘﻨﺎة
ﻓ
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Machine Translated by Google
ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ
ﺘﻮﺣ ﺔ -
ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻟﻤﻔ
ﺘﻜﻮن ﺻﻔ ًﺮا
اﻟﻌﺠﻠ ﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدﻳ ﺔ ﺳ
ﺘﻘﻴﻤ ﺔ.
ﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﺧﻄﻮط ﻣ ﺴ
ﺑﻴ ﺔ ﻋ
ﺜﺎل ،ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺨﻄﻮط اﻻﻧ ﺴﻴﺎ إذا
ﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤ
ﻋﲆﺳ (2)،
ﺗﻴﻜ ﻲ
ﺘﺎﺗﻮزﻳﻊ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﺳ
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ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﺮاﻛﺪ
Machine Translated by Google
ﺘﺢﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻘﻨﺎة:
ﻓ
ﺒﻴﻌ ﻲ ﻫﻜﺬا
ﺒﻴﻌ ﻲ ﻟ ﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﻤﺎء ،ﻓﺈن وزن اﻟﻌﻤﻮدﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻤﻮدﻳًﺎﻷﺳﻔﻞ .اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻨﺪ AAﻳﺪﻋﻢ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﻄ
ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻃﻋﻨﺪ أي ﻧﻘﻄ ﺔ Aﻋﻨﺪ ﻋﻤﻖ yاﻟﻤﻘﺎس
ﻣﻜﻮن اﻟﻌﻤﻮد
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Machine Translated by Google
ﺘﺢﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻘﻨﺎة:
ﻓ
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Machine Translated by Google
ﺘﺢﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻘﻨﺎة:
ﻓ
ﺘﻤﺮارﻳ ﺔ
ﻣﻌﺎدﻟ ﺔ اﻻﺳ
ﺑﺖ
ﺛﺎﺗﺪﻓﻖ
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Machine Translated by Google
إﺟﻤﺎﻟ ﻲ اﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ
ﺒﻊ
ﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻦ إﺟﻤﺎﻟ ﻲ اﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ ﻗ ﺴﻢ اﻟﻤﻨ
ﻓ ﻲ ﻗ ﺴﻢ اﻟﻤﺼ ﺐﻳﺨ
ﺑﻤﻘﺪار
ﺑﻴﻦ اﻷﻗ ﺴﺎم.ﻛﻤﻴ ﺔ ﻣ ﺴﺎوﻳ ﺔ ﻟﻔﻘﺪان اﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ
رأس اﻟ ﺴﺮﻋ ﺔ
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Machine Translated by Google
:ﺘﺢﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻘﻨﺎة
ﻓ
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Machine Translated by Google
:ﺘﺢﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻘﻨﺎة
ﻓ
COS 0 = 1
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Machine Translated by Google
:ﺘﺢﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻘﻨﺎة
ﻓ
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Machine Translated by Google
:ﺘﺢﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻘﻨﺎة
ﻓ
α = 1 وCOS 0 = 1
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Machine Translated by Google
ﺘﺢﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻘﻨﺎة
ﻓ
V2ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ؟
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Machine Translated by Google
ﻣﻌﺎدﻟ ﺔ اﻟﺰﺧﻢ
ﺘﻮﺣ ﺔ ﻫ ﻲ
ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺷﺎﺋﻊ ﻓ ﻲ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺨﺪﻣ ﺔ
ﻣﻌﺎدﻟ ﺔ اﻟﺰﺧﻢ اﻟﻤ ﺴ
ﻣﻌﺎدﻟ ﺔ اﻟﺰﺧﻢ اﻟﺨﻄ ﻲ.
ﺗﺠﺎه ﻣﻌﻴﻦ
ﺒﺮي ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴ ﺔ ،ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻓ ﻲ ا
ﺗﻨﺺ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟ ﺔ ﻋﲆ أن اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﺠ
ﺘﻠ ﺔ اﻟ ﺴﻮاﺋﻞ ﻓ ﻲ
ﺘﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﺰﺧﻢ اﻟﺨﻄ ﻲ ﻟﻜ
ﺘﻠ ﺔ اﻟ ﺴﻮاﺋﻞﻳ ﺴﺎوي اﻟﻤﻌﺪل اﻟﺰﻣﻨ ﻲ ﻟ
ﻋﲆ ﻛ
ﺗﺠﺎه.
اﻻ
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Machine Translated by Google
ﻣﻌﺎدﻟ ﺔ اﻟﺰﺧﻢ
15 ﺷﺮﻳﺤ ﺔ
ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﻏﺮامϒ=
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Machine Translated by Google
ﻣﻌﺎدﻟ ﺔ اﻟﺰﺧﻢ
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Machine Translated by Google
ﻣﻌﺎدﻟ ﺔ اﻟﺰﺧﻢ
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Machine Translated by Google
ﻣﻌﺎدﻟ ﺔ اﻟﺰﺧﻢ
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Machine Translated by Google
ﻣﻌﺎدﻟ ﺔ اﻟﺰﺧﻢ
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Machine Translated by Google
ﻧﻬﺎﻳ ﺔ اﻟﺪرس
.…ﺷﻜﺮا ﻋﲆ اﻹﻧﺼﺎ ت
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