jkpo;ehL muR

Ntiytha;g;G kw;Wk; gapw;rpj;Jiw

gphpT : TNPSC Group II Njh;T

ghlk; : nghJj;jkpo; (,yf;fpak;)
gFjp : jkpopd; njhd;ik-jkpo; nkhopapd; rpwg;G jpuhtpl nkhopfs; njhlh;ghd
nra;jpfs;

fhg;Ghpik

jkpo;ehL muRg; gzpahsh; Njh;thizak; F&g; - 2 Kjy;epiy kw;Wk; Kjd;ik

Njh;TfSf;fhd fhnzhyp fhl;rp gjpTfs;> xypg;gjpT ghlf;Fwpg;Gfs;> khjphp Njh;T
tpdhj;jhs;fs; kw;Wk; nkd;ghlf;Fwpg;Gfs; Mfpait Nghl;bj; Njh;tpw;F jahuhFk;
khzt> khztpfSf;F cjtpLk; tifapy; Ntiytha;g;G kw;Wk; gapw;rpj; Jiwahy;
nkd;nghUs; tbtpy; jahhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,k;nkd;ghlf; Fwpg;GfSf;fhd fhg;Ghpik
Ntiytha;g;G kw;Wk; gapw;rpj; Jiwiar; rhh;e;jJ vd njhptpf;fg;gLfpwJ.

ve;j xU jdpegNuh my;yJ jdpahh; Nghl;bj; Njh;T gapw;rp ikaNkh

,k;nkd;ghlf; Fwpg;Gfis ve;j tifapYk; kWgpujp vLf;fNth> kW Mf;fk; nra;jplNth>
tpw;gid nra;Ak; Kaw;rpapNyh <LgLjy; $lhJ. kPwpdhy; ,e;jpa fhg;Ghpik rl;lj;jpd;
fPo; jz;bf;fg;gl VJthFk; vd njhptpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,J Kw;wpYk; Nghl;bj;
Njh;TfSf;F jahh; nra;Ak; khzth;fSf;F toq;fg;gLk; fl;lzkpy;yh NritahFk;.

Mizah;>
Ntiytha;g;G kw;Wk; gapw;rpj; Jiw
 jkpopd; njhd;ik-jkpo; nkhopapd; rpwg;G
jpuhtpl nkhopfs; njhlh;ghd nra;jpfs;
 jkpo;ehL njhd;ikAk; rpwg;Gk; tha;e;jJ. cyfpd; %j;j nkhopahf jkpo;
tpsq;FfpwJ vd;gjid ‘fy;Njhd;wp kz;Njhd;whf; fhyj;Nj> thnshL
Kd;Njhd;wp %j;jf;Fb jkpo;Fb” vd;W Gwg;nghUs; ntz;ghkhiy
czh;j;JfpwJ.
 Kjy; khe;jd; Njhd;wpa ,nyKhpahit kdpj ehfhpfj; njhl;by; vd;gh.;

 “gஃWspMw;Wld; gd;kiymLf;fj;Jf;
Fkhpf;NfhLk; nfhLq;fly; nfhs;s” - rpyg;gjpfhuk;

 jpq;fNshLk; nrOk;ghpjp jd;NdhLk; tpz;NzhLk; cLf;fNshLk;

kq;Ffly; ,tw;NwhLk; gpwe;j jkpOld; gpwe;Njhk; ehq;fs; - ghujpjhrd;

 fp.K. tpy; mhprp, kapy;Njhif, re;jdk; Kjypatw;iw fpNuf;fk;, cNuhkGhp, vfpg;J

Mfpa ehLfSf;F Vw;Wkjp nra;jdh;.
 fpK 10 Mk; E}w;whz;by; je;jKk;, kapy; NjhifAk;, thridg; nghUs;fSk;
jkpofj;jpy; ,Ue;J murd; rhyDf;F mDg;gg;gl;lJ.
 jkpoh;fSf;F rhtf ehl;LlDk;> fly; thzpf njhlh;G ,Ue;jJ gw;wp $Wk;
E}y; - kzpNkfiy.
 jkpo;r; rq;fk; gw;wp kuGr; nra;jpfs; jkpio jtpu NtW nkhopfspy; ,y;iy vd;W
jdpehafk; mbfs; $Wfpd;whh.;
 jkpo;nfO $ly; - GwehD}W
 jkpo;Ntyp – ghpghly;
 $lypy; Ma;ej ; xz;jPe;jkpod; - khzpf;fthrfh; - jpUthrfk;.
 gz;ila jkpofj;jpd; Vw;Wkjpiag; gw;wp vLj;Jf; $Wfpd;w E}y; -
gl;bdg;ghiyAk;, kJiuf;fhQ;rpAk.;

 “ePhpd; te;j epkph;ghpg; GutpAk;

fhypd; te;j fUq;fwp %ilAk;
tlkiy gpwe;j kzpAk; nghd;Dk; - gl;bdg;ghiy

 njhy;fhg;gpak;, rq;f ,yf;fpak;, rpyg;gjpfhuk; Kjypait ,ir kuGfis

ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wd.
 ehlff; fiy = ,aw;wkpo;, ,irj;jkpo;, ehlfj;jkpo;
 ehL + mfk; = ehlfk; cyf epfo;r;rpfspd; fz;zhb - ehlfk;.

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 jkpo; ,yf;fpak;

 cyfpd; nkhop cUtk; ngWtjw;F Kd; ,ir gpwe;J tpl;lJ vd;gh;.

 kdpjd; jd; czh;r;rpfis ntspg;gLj;Jtjw;F ,irNa fUtpahapw;W .
 njhy;fhg;gpaKk;, rq;f ,yf;fpaKk;, rpyg;gjpfhuKk; ,ir kuGfis
ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wd.
 euk;gpd; kiw vd;W njhy;fhg;gpah; Fwpg;gpLtjpypUe;J ,ir ,yf;fz E}y;
cz;L vd czu KbfpwJ.
 ghzd;, ghbdp, $j;jd;, tpuyp Nghd;w ,aypir ehlff; fiyQh;fs; ,Ue;jdh;.
 xg;ghhp vd;gJ ,tUf;F xg;ghh; xUtUkpyh; vd;W ,we;jtiug;gw;wp ghLtJ.
 fh;ehlf ,irf;F jha; - jkpo; ,irNa.
 gz;nzhL jkpnohg;gha; vd Njthuk; $WfpwJ.
 jkpoh; 5 tif epyj;jpw;Fk; Ie;jpizf;Fk; Vw;w gz;zpir tFj;jdh;.
 FoypdpJ ahopdpJ vd;W ts;Stk; $Wfpd;wJ.
 cOJz;L tho;thNu tho;thh; vd;gJ jpUf;Fws;.
 coTf;F rpwg;G ngw;w kUjepyk; taYk; tay; rhh;ej
; ,lkhf
tifg;gLj;jg;gl;bUe;jJ.
 kUj epyj;jpd; ngUik fUjpNa Nte;jid Kjd;ikg;gLj;jpdh; - jkpoh;.
 fspW vwpe;J ngah;jy; fhisf;F flNd vd;Dk; Gwg;ghly; tPuj;ij
Kjw;flikahf;fpaJ.
 mf;fhyg; ngz;fspd; ngUtPuj;ij ghbAs;sth; - xf;$h; khrhj;jpahh;.
 Nghpaho; - 21 euk;Gfs;, kfuaho; - 19 euk;Gfs;, rNfhlaho; - 14 euk;Gfs;,
nrq;Nfhl;Laho; - 7 euk;Gfs;.

jpuhtpl nkhopfs;:
 ,e;jpa nkhopf;FLk;gq;fis mwpQh;fs; ehd;fhf gphpj;Js;sdh;.
1. ,e;Njh - Mrpa nkhopfs;
2. jpuhtpl nkhopfs;
3. M];jpNuh - Mrpah nkhopfs;
4. rPd - jpngj;jpa nkhopfs;

 ,e;jpa ehl;il nkhopfspd; fhl;rp rhiy vd;W Nguuhrphpah; r. mfj;jpaypq;fk;

$wpAs;shh;.
 ,e;jpahtpy; nkhj;jk; 12 nkhopf;FLk;gq;fSk;, mjpy; 325 nkhopfSk;;
Ngrg;gLtjhf ,e;jpa khDltpay; fzf;nfLg;G njhptpf;fpwJ.
 23 f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l jpuhtpl nkhopfs; cs;sd ,ij %d;whf gphpf;fyhk;.
1. njd; jpuhtpl nkhopfs;:
jkpo;, kiyahsk;, fd;dlk;, FlF, JS, Njhlh, Nfhj;jh, nfhufh, ,Ush

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 jkpo; ,yf;fpak;;

2. eLjpuhtpl nkhopfs;:
njYq;F, Nfhz;b, Nfhah, $ap, $tp, Nfhyhkp, gh;[p, fjgh, Nfhz;lh,
ehaf;fp, ngq;Nfh, IjG
3. tljpuhtpl nkhopfs:;
F&f;, khy;Njh, gpuhFa; (Fkhgp)

 jkpo;, njYq;F, fd;dlk;, kiyahsk; ehd;Fk; jpuhtpl ngUnkhopfs; MFk;.

 jpuhtpl nkhopfspy; mjpf xypfisf; nfhz;lJ Njhlh.
 jpuhtpl ,dk;, jpuhtpl ehfhpfk; vd;gjpy; jpuhtplk; ngauilahf te;Js;sJ
vd;W fhy;Lnty; jkJ jpuhtpl nkhopfspd; xg;gpyf;fzk; vd;w E}ypy;
$wpAs;shh;.
 jpuhtplk; vd;Dk; nrhy;iy eilKiwf;F nfhz;Lte;jth; fhy;Lnty; Mthh;.
 jpuhtplk; vd;w nrhy;iy Kjypy; cUthf;fpath; Fkhhpygl;lh; Mthh;.
 njd;dpe;jpa nkhopfis jkpspad; (m) jKypf; vd;W mioj;jdh;.
 jkpo; - jpukps - jputpl - jpuhtpl vd;W jkpopy; ,Ue;J jpuhtplk; vd;w nrhy;
cUthdjhf <uh]; ghjphpahh; $Wfpd;whh;.
 jkpopy; ekf;Ff; fpilj;Js;s E}y;fSs; kpfg;goikahd E}y; - njhy;fhg;gpak;.
 80 tpOf;fhL mstpw;F jpuhtpl nkhopf;$Wfisf; nfhz;Ls;s xNu jpuhtpl
nkhop jkpo; MFk;.
 kug;ghitf; $j;J - nghk;kyhl;lkhf khwp - Njhy;ghit $j;J - epow;ghit
$j;J MdJ.
 ehlfk; - ehl;bakhfp - ehlf ehl;bak; ,d;W Gjpa ehlf cyfpy; cs;sJ.

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