1.

Singly Reinforced rectangular section

f'c ≔ 25 MPa b ≔ 350 mm d ≔ 570 mm

fy ≔ 400 MPa As ≔ 3276.6 mm 2

Es ≔ 200000 MPa

⎛ a⎞ As ⋅ fy
Mn ＝ As ⋅ fy ⋅ ⎜d - ―⎟ a ≔ ―――― = 176.2205 mm
⎝ 2⎠ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ b

⎛ a⎞
Mn ≔ As ⋅ fy ⋅ ⎜d - ―⎟ = 631.584 kN ⋅ m
⎝ 2⎠

Check for strain

⎛d-c⎞ a
εs ＝ 0.003 ⋅ ⎜―― ⎟ c＝― β1 ≔ if f'c ≤ 28 MPa | = 0.85
⎝ c ⎠ β1 ‖ 0.85 |
‖ |
else if f'c ≥ 55 MPa |
‖ 0.65 |
‖ |
else |
‖ |
⎛ f'c ⎞|
‖ 0.05 ⋅ ⎜――- 28⎟ |
‖ ⎝ MPa ⎠
‖ 0.85 - ――――――|
a ‖ 7 ||
c ≔ ―= 207.3182 mm
β1

⎛ 570 mm - 207.38 mm ⎞
εs ≔ 0.003 ⋅ ⎜―――――――― ⎟ = 0.0052 εs ≥ 0.005
⎝ 207.38 mm ⎠
“Tension-controlled section”

ϕ ≔ if εs ≤ 0.002 | = 0.9 Take ϕ ≔ 0.9

‖ 0.65 |
‖ |
else if εs ≥ 0.005 |
‖ 0.9 | ϕMn ≔ 0.9 ⋅ 631.584 ((kN ⋅ m)) = 568.4256 kN ⋅ m
‖ |
else |
‖ ⎛1.45 + 250 ⋅ ε ⎞ |
⎝
‖ ――――― s⎠ |
‖‖ 3 |
|
2. At ultimate condition

a). Draw strain and stress diagram

f'c ≔ 25 MPa fy ≔ 400 MPa d ≔ 340 mm b ≔ 250 mm

As ⋅ fy a ⋅ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ b
C＝T a ＝ ―――― As ＝ ――――― a ＝ c ⋅ β1
0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ b fy
β1 ≔ if f'c ≤ 28 MPa | = 0.85
‖ 0.85 |
‖ |
else if f'c ≥ 55 MPa |
‖ 0.65 |
‖ |
else |
‖ |
⎛ f'c ⎞|
‖ 0.05 ⋅ ⎜――- 28⎟ |
‖ ⎝ MPa ⎠
‖ 0.85 - ――――――|
‖ 7 ||

Similar Triangle
 c 0.003
―― ＝ ――
d - c 0.007

c ⋅ 0.007 ＝ ((d - c)) ⋅ 0.003

0.007 ⋅ c + 0.003 c ＝ 0.003 ⋅ d

0.01 c ＝ 0.003 d
0.003 ⋅ d
c ≔ ―――= 102 mm
0.01
a ⋅ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ b
a ≔ c ⋅ β1 = 86.7 mm As ≔ ――――― = 1151.4844 mm 2
fy

⎛ a⎞
Mn ≔ As ⋅ fy ⋅ ⎜d - ―⎟ = 136.6351 kN ⋅ m
⎝ 2⎠
Check Strain

εs ≔ 0.007 “Tension-controlled section”

ϕ ≔ 0.9 ϕMn ≔ 0.9 ⋅ 136.635 kN ⋅ m = 122.9715 kN ⋅ m

f'c ≔ 25 MPa fy ≔ 400 MPa A's ≔ 5.09 cm 2 = 509 mm 2

h ≔ 400 mm b ≔ 250 mm d ≔ 340 mm d' ≔ 60 mm

 εs d - c
Similar Triangle ―＝ ―― --> c ⋅ 0.007 ＝ ((d - c)) ⋅ 0.003
εc c
0.003 ⋅ d
((0.007 + 0.003)) c ＝ 0.003 ⋅ d c ≔ ―――= 102 mm
0.01

ε's c - d' ⎛ c - d' ⎞ fy

―＝ ―― --> ε's ≔ 0.003 ⋅ ⎜――⎟ = 0.0012 εy ≔ ―= 0.002
εc c ⎝ c ⎠ Es

ε's < εy Compression steel is not yield

f's ≔ ε's ⋅ Es = 247.0588 MPa

T1 + T2 ＝ C + Cs C ＝ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ ab Cs ＝ A's ⋅ ⎛⎝f's - 0.85 f'c⎞⎠

β1 ≔ if f'c ≤ 28 MPa | = 0.85

‖ 0.85 | a ≔ c ⋅ β1 = 86.7 mm
‖ |
else if f'c ≥ 55 MPa |
‖ 0.65 |
‖ | As ⋅ fy ＝ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ ab + A's ⋅ ⎛⎝f's - 0.85 f'c⎞⎠
else |
‖ |
⎛ f'c ⎞|
‖ 0.05 ⋅ ⎜――- 28⎟ |
‖ ⎝ MPa ⎠
‖ 0.85 - ――――――|
‖ 7 ||

0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ a ⋅ b + A's ⋅ ⎛⎝f's - 0.85 f'c⎞⎠

As ≔ ――――――――――― = 1438.8261 mm 2
fy
 ⎛ a⎞
Mn ≔ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ a ⋅ b ⋅ ⎜d - ―⎟ + A's ⋅ ⎛⎝f's - 0.85 f'c⎞⎠ ⋅ ((d - d')) = 168.8174 kN ⋅ m
⎝ 2⎠

εs ≔ 0.007 “Tension-controlled section”

ϕ ≔ 0.9 ϕMn ≔ 0.9 ⋅ Mn = 151.9357 kN ⋅ m

((25 mm )) 2
f'c ≔ 25 MPa fy ≔ 400 MPa As ≔ 6 ⋅ π ―――― = 2945.2431 mm 2
4
h ≔ 550 mm be ≔ 750 mm bw ≔ 250 mm t ≔ 75 mm

d ≔ 460 mm spacing ≔ 30 mm cover ≔ 40 mm

dt ≔ d + 15 mm + 12.5 mm = 487.5 mm
As ⋅ fy
Check a a ≔ ―――― = 73.9198 mm
0.85 f'c ⋅ be
a<t
⎛ a⎞
Rectangular section analysis: Mn ≔ As ⋅ fy ⋅ ⎜d - ―⎟ = 498.3824 kN ⋅ m
⎝ 2⎠
a ⎛ dt - c ⎞
c＝― εt ＝ 0.003 ⎜――⎟
β1 ⎝ c ⎠
 β1 ≔ if f'c ≤ 28 MPa | = 0.85
‖ 0.85 |
‖ |
else if f'c ≥ 55 MPa |
‖ 0.65 |
‖ |
else |
‖ |
⎛ f'c ⎞|
‖ 0.05 ⋅ ⎜――- 28⎟ |
‖ ⎝ MPa ⎠
‖ 0.85 - ――――――|
‖ 7 ||

a ⎛ dt - c ⎞
c ≔ ―= 86.9645 mm εt ≔ 0.003 ⎜――⎟ = 0.0138
β1 ⎝ c ⎠

εt > 0.005 Tension-controlled section

ϕ ≔ 0.9 ϕMn ≔ 0.9 ⋅ Mn = 448.5441 kN ⋅ m