Earth Science

QUARTER 1 / TOPIC 4 / CLASSIFICATIONS OF ROCKS

CLASSIFICATIONS OF ROCKS → This type of igneous rock is formed from

solidification of magma below the surface.
TOPIC OUTLINE → They have large crystals of minerals that
1 Introduction formed over time through the slow process
2 Igneous Rocks of crystallization in a magma
3 Sedimentary Rocks → Examples are:
4 Metamorphic Rocks o Granite
o Diorite
INTRODUCTION o Gabbro
o Pegmatite
o Peridotite
EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS

→ Rock is a naturally occurring aggregate of

minerals sometime with nonmineral solid
particles.
→ There are three kinds of rock: Igneous, → This type of igneous rock is formed
Sedimentary, and Metamorphic. through a faster rate of solidification of lava
on the surface of Earth.
IGNEOUS ROCKS → They can become glassy in appearance
due to less crystallization or vesicular like
Scoria, due to the air that was trapped
inside when they solidified and formed on
the surface of the Earth.
→ Examples are:
o Andesite
o Basalt
o Dacite
o Obsidian
o Pumice
→ Also known as magmatic rocks are o Rhyolite
formed through the cooling and o Tuff
solidification of magma or lava.
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
TYPES OF IGNEOUS ROCK

INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCK

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Earth Science
QUARTER 1 / TOPIC 4 / CLASSIFICATIONS OF ROCKS

→ These are formed by the deposition and

cementation of mineral or organic particles
on the floor of oceans and other bodies of
water at the Earth’s surface.

TYPES OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

→ It is formed from the build-up of plant or
animal debris.
→ Examples are:
o Coal
o Fossiliferous Limestone

METAMORPHIC ROCKS

→ It is formed from the mechanical

weathering debris of rocks.
→ Examples are:
o Breccia
o Conglomerate
o Sandstone
o Siltstone
o Shale
CHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY ROCK

→ Form from existing rock types called

“parent rock” in the process called
metamorphism, which means a change in
form. The original rock which can be an
Igneous, Sedimentary, or another
metamorphic rock is subjected to heat and
pressure, causing a profound chemical or
→ It is formed when dissolved materials
physical change.
precipitate from the solution.
→ Examples are:
o Rock Salt TYPES OF METAMORPHIC ROCKS
o Iron Ore
FOLIATED METAMORPHIC ROCKS
o Chert
o Flint
o Some Dolomites
ORGANIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

→ It is formed through pressure due to

compression of rocks that create bands

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Earth Science
QUARTER 1 / TOPIC 4 / CLASSIFICATIONS OF ROCKS

called foliation.
→ Examples are:
o Gneiss
o Phyllite
o Schist
o Slate
NON-FOLIATED METAMORPHIC ROCK

→ It has no foliation or bands.

→ Examples are:
o Hornfels
o Marble
o Quartzite
o Novaculite

STEM JUDE 3