‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺘﻮى‪ :‬اﻟﺪرﺟ ﺔ اﻷوﱃ‬

‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌ ﺔ أوروك ‪ /‬ﻛﻠﻴ ﺔ اﻟﺼﻴﺪﻟ ﺔ اﻟﻤ ﺴ‬

‫ﺒﺸﺮﻳ ﺔ‬
‫اﻷﻧ ﺴﺠ ﺔ اﻟ‬
‫ﺒﺪ واﻟﻤﺮارة‬
‫ﺒﻨﻜﺮﻳﺎس واﻟﻜ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮة ‪6:‬اﻟ‬

‫ﺘــــﻮرﺳﺎﻣﺮ ﺣﻤﻴﺪ وﻧﺎس‬

‫اﻟﺪﻛ‬
‫ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ح‬

‫ﺘﻮرهﺳﺎل ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﻧﺎﻇﻢ ‪Nadhum‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻛ‬

‫‪Dr. Sala Ja’afar‬‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺒﺪ و‬
‫ﺒﻨﻜﺮﻳﺎس واﻟﻜ‬
‫اﻟ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻄﻂ اﻟﻤﺮارة‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣ ﺔ‬

‫ﺒﻨﻜﺮﻳﺎس‬
‫اﻟ‬

‫ﺒﺪ‬
‫ﻛ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮارة‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺒﺪ و‬
‫ﺒﻨﻜﺮﻳﺎس واﻟﻜ‬
‫اﻟ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻄﻂ اﻟﻤﺮارة‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣ ﺔ‬
 ‫اﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺪد اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻘ ﺔ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺘﻢ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸ ﺔ ﻫﺬه ﻓ ﻲ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻷﻧ ﺴﺠ ﺔ‬

‫ﺘ‬‫ﺑﺪء ﻋﻤﻠﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻬﻀﻢ‪.‬ﺳ‬
‫ﺘﺮﻃﻴ ﺐ اﻟﻔﻢ واﻟﻄﻌﺎم و‬
‫ﺑﻴ ﺔ‪:‬ﺗﻔﺮز اﻟﻠﻌﺎ ب ﻟ‬
‫اﻟﻐﺪد اﻟﻠﻌﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻤﻮي‪.‬‬

‫ﺘﻮي أ ً‬
‫ﻳﻀﺎ ﻋﲆ ﻏﺪد ﺻﻤﺎء ‪،‬ﺗﻤ ﺖ‬ ‫ﺛﻨ ﻲ ﻋﺸﺮ )ﻳﺤ‬
‫ﺒﻨﻜﺮﻳﺎس‪:‬ﻳﺼﻨﻊ اﻹﻧﺰﻳﻤﺎ ت اﻟﻬﻀﻤﻴ ﺔ وﻳﻔﺮز ﻫﺎ ﻓ ﻲ اﻻ‬
‫اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻬﺎ ﻓ ﻲ إﻃﺎر ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻐﺪد اﻟﺼﻤﺎء(‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸ‬

‫ﺒﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻜ‬
‫ﺜﺮ اﻟﺪم‬
‫ﺒﻮﻣﻴﻦ وﻋﻮاﻣﻞﺗﺨ‬
‫ﺜﻞ اﻷﻟ‬
‫ﺗﻴﻨﺎ ت ﻣ‬
‫ﺒﺮو‬
‫ﺗﻴﻨﺎ ت ﻳﺼﻨﻊ اﻟ‬
‫ﺒﺮو‬
‫ﺑﻮ ﻫﻴﺪرا ت واﻟﺪ ﻫﻮن واﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻘﻠ ﺐ اﻟﻜﺮ‬
‫ﻳﺴ‬

‫ﻳﻔﺮز اﻟﺼﻔﺮاء‬

‫ﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ اﻷدوﻳ ﺔ واﻟ ﺴﻤﻮم‬

‫اﻟ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺮارة‬

‫ﻣﺨﺎزن وإﻓﺮازا ت اﻟﻌﺼﺎرة اﻟﺼﻔﺮاوﻳ ﺔ‬

‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺒﻨﻜﺮﻳﺎس‬
‫وﻇﺎﺋﻒ اﻟ‬

‫ﺘﻮي ﻋﲆ ﻗﻨﻮا ت(‬

‫ﺗﺤ‬‫ﺒﻨﻜﺮﻳﺎس ﻋﲆ ﻏﺪد إﻓﺮازﻳ ﺔ )‬ ‫ﺘﻮي اﻟ‬
‫ﻳﺤ‬
‫وﻏﺪد ﺻﻤﺎء )ﻣﺠﺮى(‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺰء اﻟﻐﺪد اﻟﺼﻤﺎء )اﻟﺠﺰر اﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮة(‬

‫ﺘ ﻲﺗﻨﻈﻢﺳﻜﺮ اﻟﺪم‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻔﺮز اﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎ ت اﻟ‬

‫ﺒﻨﻜﺮﻳﺎس اﻹﻓﺮازي )ﻣﻌﻈﻢ‬

‫اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻮي ﻋﲆ إﻧﺰﻳﻤﺎ تﺗ ﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﲆ‬
‫ﺒﻨﻜﺮﻳﺎس(ﻳﻔﺮز ﻋﺼﻴ ﺮًا ﻫﻀﻤ ًﻴﺎﻳﺤ‬
‫اﻟ‬
‫ﺗﻴﻨﺎ ت‬
‫ﺒﺮو‬
‫ﺑﻮ ﻫﻴﺪرا ت واﻟﺪ ﻫﻮن واﻟ‬
‫ﺗﻜ ﺴﻴﺮ اﻟﻜﺮ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺒﻨﻜﺮﻳﺎس‬
‫ﺒﻨﻜﺮﻳﺎس ‪)ccessory‬اﻟ‬ ‫ﻗﻨﺎة اﻟ‬
‫اﻟﻈﻬﺮﻳ ﺔ(‬

‫ﺘﺮﻛ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻟﺼﻔﺮاوﻳ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺸ‬

‫ذﻳﻞ‬

‫ﺟ ﺴﻢ‬

‫ﺒﺔ‬
‫رﻗ‬

‫رأس‬

‫ﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﺸﺮي‬
‫اﻻ‬

‫ﺒﻨﻜﺮﻳﺎس‬
‫اﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻟﺨﻠﻘﻴ ﺔ اﻟ‬
‫ﺒﻄﻨ ﻲ(‬
‫اﻟ‬
Machine Translated by Google
Machine Translated by Google

‫ﺒﻨﻜﺮﻳﺎس‬
‫اﻟ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺘﻮي ﻋﲆ‬
‫ﺒﻨﻜﺮﻳﺎسﻳﺤ‬
‫ﺘﺮﻛﻴ ﺐ اﻟﻤﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮﺟ ﻲ ﻟﻠ‬
‫اﻟ‬
‫ﺒ ﺴﻮﻟ ﺔ وﺣﺎﺟﺰ وﻓﺼﻴﺼﺎ ت‬ ‫ﻛ‬

‫ﺑﻨﻜﺮﻳﺎس اﻟﻐﺪد اﻟﺼﻤﺎء ﻣﻦ ﺟﺰر ﺻﻐﻴﺮة ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺘﻜﻮن‬

‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺘﻨﺎ‬
‫‪)Langerhans‬درﺳﻨﺎ ﻫﺬا ﻓ ﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮة ﻋﻦ اﻟﻐﺪد اﻟﺼﻤﺎء(‬

‫ﺒﻨﻜﺮﻳﺎس اﻹﻓﺮازي ﻣﻦ أﺳﻴﻨ ﻲ ﻣﺼﻠ ﻲ ﻣﻊ ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد ﺧﻼﻳﺎ‬

‫ﺘﻜﻮن اﻟ‬ ‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺎﻃﻴ ﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺼﺮف ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖﺳﻠ ﺴﻠ ﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻨﻮا ت‬

‫ﺛﻢ اﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻟﻤﻔﺮﻏ ﺔ‬‫ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻔﺼﻮص ‪،‬‬‫)ﻣﻘﺤﻢ ‪ ،‬داﺧﻞ اﻟﻔﺼﻴﺺ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺛﻨ ﻲ ﻋﺸﺮ‬
‫ﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﻓ ﻲ اﻻ‬
‫ﺘ ﻲﺗ‬
‫ﺒﻴﺮة( اﻟ‬
‫اﻟﻜ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺒﻨﻜﺮﻳﺎس‬
‫ﻣﺠﺮى اﻟ‬
‫ﺒﻌ ﻲ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫اﻟ‬

‫ﺛﻨ ﻲ ﻋﺸﺮ‬
‫ﺣﻠﻴﻤ ﺔ اﻻ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻐﺮى‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻜﺮﻳﺎﺳﻴ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻟ‬

‫اﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻟﺼﻔﺮاوﻳ ﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺮﻛ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸ‬

‫ﺒﺮ ﺣﻠﻴﻤ ﺔ اﻟﻌﻔﺞ‬

‫أﻛ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺑ ﺴﻴﻄ ﺔ(‬‫اﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻹﺧﺮاﺟﻴ ﺔ )ﻇﻬﺎرة ﻋﻤﻮدﻳ ﺔ‬

‫ﺒﻨﻜﺮﻳﺎس‬‫ﻗﻨﺎة اﻟ‬
‫ﺋﻴ ﺴﻴ ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮ‬
‫ﺑ ﻲ ام‬
‫ﻣﺠﺮى اﻹﺧﺮاج‬

‫ﺒﻴ ﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻴ‬‫اﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻟﺤ‬

‫ﺧﻠﻴ ﺔ ‪Goblet‬‬

‫ﻣﺠﺮى ﻣﻘﺤﻤ ﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺼﻴﺺ‬

‫اﻟﻘﻨﺎة داﺧﻞ اﻟﻔﺼﻴﺺ‬

‫ﻣﺠﺮى ﻣﻘﺤﻤ ﺔ‬

‫أﺳﻴﻨﻮس‬
‫)ﻣﺼﻠ ﻲ(‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺒﻨﻜﺮﻳﺎس‪ :‬ﻋﺮض ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ اﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳ ﺔ‬

‫اﻟ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺒ ﺴﻮﻟ ﺔ‬
‫ﻛ‬

‫ﺣﻤ ﺔ اﻟﻐﺪد‬
‫اﻟﺼﻤﺎء‬

‫ﺣﻤ ﺔ إﻓﺮازا ت‬

‫ﺒ ﺴﻮﻟ ﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻨﻜﺮﻳﺎس‪ :‬ﻟﺤﻤ ﺔ وﻛ‬
‫اﻟ‬
Machine Translated by Google

(Islet of ‫ اﻟﻐﺪد اﻟﺼﻤﺎء‬:‫ﺒﻨﻜﺮﻳﺎس‬ ‫اﻟ‬

(‫ﻻﻧﺠﺮ ﻫﺎﻧﺰ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺒﻨﻜﺮﻳﺎس‪ :‬اﻟﻐﺪد اﻹﻓﺮازﻳ ﺔ )ﺧﻼﻳﺎ أﺳﻴﻨﺎر ﻣﺼﻠﻴ ﺔ(‬

‫اﻟ‬
 ‫ﻧﻮر اﻟﺸﻮﻛ ﺔ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺘﻢﺗﻔﺮﻳﻐﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺎ ت ‪Zymogen‬ﻳ‬
‫ﺒﻴ‬‫ﺣ‬

‫ﺒﺎ ت زﻳﻤﻮﺟﻴﻦ(‬
‫ﺒﻴ‬‫ﺣﻮﻳﺼﻼ ت إﻓﺮازﻳ ﺔ ﻣﺸﻜﻠ ﺔ )ﺣ‬

‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺣﻮﻳﺼﻠ ﺔ إﻓﺮازﻳ ﺔ‬

‫أﻛﻴﺎس ﺟﻮﻟﺠ ﻲ‬

‫ﺒﻨﻜﺮﻳﺎس أﺳﻴﻨﺎر‬
‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة ﺧﻠﻴ ﺔ اﻟ‬
 ‫أﺷﻴﺎءﻳﻔﺮز ﻫﺎ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻓ ﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺑ ﺴﻴﻨﻮﺟﻴﻦ‬

‫ﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺋﻴ ﺴ ﻲ‪ :‬اﻟ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ﻲء اﻟﺮ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻜﺮﻳﺎس أﺳﻴﻨﺎر‬
‫ﺧﻼﻳﺎ اﻟ‬
‫ﺑ ﺴﻴﻦ ‪ ،‬اﻟﺬي‬
‫ﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄ ﺔ اﻹﻧﺰﻳﻤﺎ ت اﻟﻤﻌﻮﻳ ﺔ إﱃ اﻟ‬‫ﺘﻢﺗﻜ ﺴﻴﺮه‬
‫اﻟ ﺴﻼﺋﻒ )اﻟﺰﻳﻤﻮﺟﻴﻦ(ﻳ‬
‫ﺗﻴﻦ وﻳﻨﺸﻂ اﻹﻧﺰﻳﻤﺎ ت اﻷﺧﺮى‬
‫ﺒﺮو‬
‫ﻳﻬﻀﻢ اﻟ‬

‫ﺒﺎز )ﻳﻜ ﺴﺮ اﻟﺪ ﻫﻮن( اﻷﻣﻴﻠﻴﺰ )ﻳﻜ ﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﺮز أ ً‬

‫ﻳﻀﺎ )ﻓ ﻲ ﺷﻜﻞﺳﻼﺋﻒ(‪ :‬ﻟﻴ‬

‫ﺗﻴﻨﺎ ت اﻟﻨﻮوﻳ ﺔ(‬

‫ﺒﺮو‬
‫ﺗﻜ ﺴﺮ اﻟ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻛﻠﻴﺎزا ت )‬ ‫ﺑﻮ ﻫﻴﺪرا ت(‬
‫اﻟﻜﺮ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺘﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺒﻨﻜﺮﻳﺎسﻳﻔﺮز اﻹﻧﺰﻳﻤﺎ ت؟ﺳﻴﻜﺮﻳ‬
‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬيﻳﺠﻌﻞ اﻟ‬

‫ﺘﻮﻛﻴﻨﻴﻦ ) ‪(CCK‬‬
‫وﻛﻮﻟﻴ ﺴﻴ ﺴ‬

‫ﺘﻮﻳﺎ ت‬
‫ﺛﻨ ﻲ ﻋﺸﺮ‪.‬ﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﺤ‬
‫ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﻓ ﻲ ﺧﻼﻳﺎ اﻻ‬
‫ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋ ﺔ و‬
‫ﺛﻨ ﻲ ﻋﺸﺮ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪة اﻟﺤﻤﻀﻴ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ اﻻ‬

‫ﺒﻨﻜﺮﻳﺎس‬‫ﻳﺤﻔﺰ ‪Secretin‬إﻓﺮاز اﻟ‬

‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬‫ﺘﻰﺗﻌﻤﻞ اﻹﻧﺰﻳﻤﺎ ت‬
‫ﺘﺤﻴﻴﺪ ﺣﻤﺾ اﻟﻤﻌﺪة ﺣ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻧﺎ ت )ﻟ‬‫ﺑﻴﻜﺮ‬
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ(‪.‬‬

‫ﺒﻨﻜﺮﻳﺎس ﻹﻓﺮاز اﻟﺰﻳﻤﻮﺟﻴﻨﺎ ت‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﺤﻔﺰ ‪CCK‬اﻟ‬

‫ﺘﻰﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻠ ﺐ اﻟﺪ ﻫﻮن ﺣ‬
‫ﺘ ﻲﺗ ﺴ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﻔﺰ ‪CCK‬أ ً‬
‫ﻳﻀﺎ اﻟﻤﺮارة ﻋﲆ إﻃﻼق أﻣﻼح اﻟﺼﻔﺮاء )اﻟ‬
‫ﺒﺎز(‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄ ﺔ اﻟﻠﻴ‬‫ﺗﻜ ﺴﻴﺮ ﻫﺎ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄ ﺔ ﻗﻨﺎة‬‫ﺘﻢﺗﺼﺮﻳﻔﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄ ﺔ ﺧﻼﻳﺎ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻳ ﺔ وﻳ‬‫ﺒﻄﻴﻦ ﻛﻞ أﺳﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺘﻢﺗ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺤﻤ ﺔ‬
Machine Translated by Google

‫ اﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻟﻤﻘﺤﻤ ﺔ‬:‫ﺒﻨﻜﺮﻳﺎس‬

‫اﻟ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺒﻨﻜﺮﻳﺎس‪ :‬اﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻟﻤﻘﺤﻤ ﺔ )اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﻄﻮﻟ ﻲ‬

‫اﻟ‬
Machine Translated by Google

‫ اﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻟﺸﺤﻤﻴ ﺔ‬:‫ﺒﻨﻜﺮﻳﺎس‬

‫اﻟ‬
Machine Translated by Google

‫ اﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴ ﺔ‬:‫ﺒﻨﻜﺮﻳﺎس‬

‫اﻟ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺒﺪ و‬
‫ﺒﻨﻜﺮﻳﺎس واﻟﻜ‬
‫اﻟ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻄﻂ اﻟﻤﺮارة‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣ ﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻨﻜﺮﻳﺎس‬
‫اﻟ‬

‫ﺒﺪ‬
‫ﻛ‬
Machine Translated by Google
 ‫ﺒﺪ‬
‫وﻇﺎﺋﻒ اﻟﻜ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺗﻴﻨﺎ ت‬
‫ﺒﺮو‬
‫ﺑﻮ ﻫﻴﺪرا ت واﻟﺪ ﻫﻮن واﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻘﻼ ب اﻟﻜﺮ‬
‫اﺳ‬

‫ﺑﻮ ﻫﻴﺪرا ت )اﻟﺠﻠﻴﻜﻮﺟﻴﻦ(‬

‫ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ اﻟﻜﺮ‬

‫ﺒﻮﻣﻴﻦ و‬
‫ﺜﻞ اﻷﻟ‬
‫ﺗﻴﻨﺎ ت ﻣ‬
‫ﺒﺮو‬
‫ﺘﺎج اﻟ‬
‫إﻧ‬
‫ﺜﺮ اﻟﺪم‬
‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞﺗﺨ‬

‫ﺘﻰ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻼ ب اﻟﺪ ﻫﻮن ﺣ‬
‫إﻓﺮاز اﻟﻌﺼﺎرة اﻟﺼﻔﺮاوﻳ ﺔ )ﻳ ﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﲆ اﺳ‬
‫ﺛﻨ ﻲ ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻫﻀﻤﻬﺎ( ﻓ ﻲ اﻻ‬
‫إزاﻟ ﺔ ﺧﻼﻳﺎ اﻟﺪم اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤ ﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪم‬

‫ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ وإﺧﺮاج اﻷدوﻳ ﺔ واﻟ ﺴﻤﻮم‬

‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺒﺪ‬
‫ﺘﺮﻛﻴ ﺐ اﻟﻤﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮﺟ ﻲ ﻟﻠﻜ‬
‫اﻟ‬

‫ﺑﻌ ﺔ ﻓﺼﻮص‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﺪ أر‬
‫ﻟﻠﻜ‬

‫ﺒﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑ ﻲ ﻫﻮ ﺷﻖ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟ ﺴﻄﺢ اﻟ ﺴﻔﻠ ﻲ ﻟﻠﻜ‬
‫ﺒﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺪي اﻟ‬
‫ﺒﺪ اﻟﻜ‬
‫اﻟﻜ‬

‫ﺑ ﻲ‪ :‬اﻟﻮرﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺒﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺪي اﻟ‬
‫ﺒﺪ اﻟﻜ‬‫ﺒﺮ اﻟﻜ‬
‫ﺋﻴ ﺴﻴ ﺔﺗﻤﺮ ﻋ‬
‫ﺛ ﺔﺗﺮاﻛﻴ ﺐ ر‬‫ﺛﻼ‬
‫ﺒﺪي )ﻳﺪﺧﻞ( اﻟﻘﻨﺎة‬ ‫ﺒﺪي )ﻳﺪﺧﻞ( اﻟﺸﺮﻳﺎن اﻟﻜ‬ ‫ﺑ ﻲ اﻟﻜ‬
‫ﺒﺎ‬‫اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﺮﻛ ﺔ )اﻟﻤﺨﺎرج(‬
‫ﺒﺪﻳ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺸ‬
‫اﻟﻜ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺒﺪ؟‬
‫ﺘ ﻲﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﻷﺷﻴﺎء داﺧﻞ وﺧﺎرج اﻟﻜ‬
‫ﻣﺎ اﻷوﻋﻴ ﺔ اﻟ‬

‫ﺧﺎرج‬

‫ﺒﺪي‪:‬ﻳﻨﻘﻞ‬‫اﻟﻮرﻳﺪ اﻟﻜ‬
‫ﺒﺪ إﱃ‬‫اﻟﺪم ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻮرﻳﺪ اﻟ ﺴﻔﻠ ﻲ‬

‫ﺒﺪي‪:‬ﻳﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﺪم‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮﻳﺎن اﻟﻜ‬
‫ﺒﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﺎن‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﻛ ﺴﺞ إﱃ اﻟﻜ‬
‫اﻷورﻃ ﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﺎ‬

‫اﻟﻘﻨﻮا ت‬
‫ﺑ ﻲ‪:‬ﻳﺠﻠ ﺐ اﻟﺪم ﻏﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺒﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻮرﻳﺪ اﻟ‬
‫ﺗﻨﺪﻣﺞ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻔﺮاوﻳ ﺔ )‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻐﺬﻳﺎ ت‬‫اﻟﻤﺆﻛ ﺴﺞ واﻟﻐﻨ ﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺒﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﻌﺎء‪.‬‬‫إﱃ اﻟﻜ‬
‫ﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬

‫ﺒﺪﻳ ﺔ(‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻟﻜ‬
‫ﺘﻨﺰاف اﻟﺼﻔﺮاء‬ ‫اﺳ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺒﺪي‬
‫اﻟﻮرﻳﺪ اﻟﻜ‬ ‫اﻟﻮرﻳﺪ اﻷﺟﻮف اﻟ ﺴﻔﻠ ﻲ‬

‫ﺒﺪي‬
‫ﺷﺮﻳﺎن ﻛ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺮارة‬ ‫ﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻮرﻳﺪ اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﺮﻛ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻟﺼﻔﺮاوﻳ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺸ‬
 ‫ﺒﺪ و‬
‫ﺣﻤ ﺔ اﻟﻜ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺒﺪ ﻫ ﻲ‬
‫ّﻴ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻜ‬
‫ﺘﻨ‬‫ﺘﺮوﻣﺎ اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ اﻟﻤ‬
‫ﺳ‬

‫ﺜﻞ "اﻟﻄﻮ ب ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﺋﻂ"‪.‬‬

‫ﺒﺎق ﻣ‬
‫ﺒ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ أﻃ‬
‫ﺗ‬‫ﺒﺪ‪ .‬و ﻫ ﻲ ﻣﺮ‬
‫ﺗ ﺴﻤﻰ ﺧﻼﻳﺎ اﻟﻜ‬

‫ﺒﺪ ﻣﻦ أ‬
‫ﺘﻜﻮنﺳﺪى اﻟﻜ‬
‫ﺗ‬

‫ﺑﻨ ﺴﻴﺞ ﺿﺎم‪.‬‬‫ﺒ ﺴﻮﻟ ﺔ اﻟﻨ ﺴﻴﺞ اﻟﻀﺎم‪ .‬اﻷوﻋﻴ ﺔ واﻟﻘﻨﻮا ت ﻣﺤﺎﻃ ﺔ‬
‫ﻛ‬

‫ﺒﻜﻴ ﺔ اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺪ أ ً‬

‫ﻳﻀﺎ إﱃ ﻓﺼﻴﺼﺎ ت‪.‬ﺗﺪﻋﻢ اﻷﻟﻴﺎف اﻟﺸ‬ ‫ﻳﻘ ﺴﻢ اﻟﻨ ﺴﻴﺞ اﻟﻀﺎم اﻟﻜ‬

‫ﺒﺎه اﻟﺠﻴﻮ ب‪.‬‬

‫ﺒﻄﺎﻧﻴ ﺔﻷﺷ‬
‫ﺒﺪﻳ ﺔ واﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ اﻟ‬
‫اﻟﻜ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺒﺪ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻳﺎ اﻟﻜ‬

‫ﺘﺎن‬
‫ﺛﻨ‬‫ﺑﻬﺎ واﺣﺪة أو ا‬‫ﺘﻌﺪدة اﻟ ﺴﻄﻮح‬
‫ﺒﻴﺮة ﻣ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻳﺎ ﻛ‬
‫ﻧﻮى‬

‫ﺑﻼزﻣﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻤﻠ ﺴﺎء واﻟﺨﺸﻨ ﺔ‬

‫ﺒﻜ ﺔ اﻹﻧﺪو‬
‫اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸ‬

‫ﺒﺎ ت اﻟﺠﻠﻴﻜﻮﺟﻴﻦ وﻗﻄﺮا ت اﻟﺪ ﻫﻮن‬

‫ﺒﻴ‬‫ﺒﺎ ﻣﺎﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺣ‬
‫ﻏﺎﻟ ً‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺒﺪ‬
‫وﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﺧﻼﻳﺎ اﻟﻜ‬
‫ﺜﺮ(‬
‫ﺘﺨ‬‫ﺗﻴﻨﺎ ت اﻟ‬
‫ﺑﺮو‬‫ﺗﻴﻨﺎ ت )اﻟﺰﻻل ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺮو‬
‫ﺘﺎج اﻟ‬
‫إﻧ‬

‫ﺒﺪ ‪90٪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺎدﺗﺪوﻳﺮ ﻫﺎ(‬

‫إﻓﺮاز اﻷﺣﻤﺎض اﻟﺼﻔﺮاوﻳ ﺔ ‪(10٪‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻳﺎ اﻟﻜ‬

‫ﺑﺎن ﻓ ﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﺬو‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻘﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻠﻴﺮو‬
‫ﺘﺎج ﻏﻠﻮﻛﻮروﻧﻴﺪ اﻟ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﻹﻧ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻠﻴﺮو‬
‫ﺘﺮان اﻟ‬
‫اﻗ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬

‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞﺳﻠ ﺲ‬‫إزاﻟ ﺔ اﻟ ﺴﻤﻮم ﻣﻦ اﻷدوﻳ ﺔ‬

‫ﺛﻴ ﺔ‬
‫ﺜﻼ‬‫ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ اﻟﺠﻠﻴﻜﻮﺟﻴﻦ واﻟﺪ ﻫﻮن اﻟ‬

‫ﺘﺤﺪا ث اﻟ ﺴﻜﺮ‬
‫اﺳ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬
‫ﺒﻲ‬
‫ﺟﻴ‬

‫ﻓﻀﺎء دﻳ ﺲ‬

‫ﺒﺪ‬
‫ﺧﻠﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻜ‬
‫ﺒﺪﻳ ﺔ(‬
‫)ﺧﻠﻴ ﺔ ﻛ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻨﺎة‬
‫اﻟﺼﻔﺮاوﻳ ﺔ‬
‫ﺟﻮﻟﺠ ﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻳﺼﻠ ﺔ إﻓﺮازﻳ ﺔ ﺟﻮﻟﺠ ﻲ‬

‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬
‫‪RER‬‬
‫اﻟﺠﻠﻴﻜﻮﺟﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺗﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺒﺮو‬
‫ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻖ اﻟ‬

‫اﻧﺤﻼل‬
‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﻒ‬
‫ﻃﺮد ﺧﻠﻮي‬

‫ﻓﻀﺎء دﻳ ﺲ‬

‫ﺒﻄﺎﻧ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟ‬

‫أﺣﻤﺎض أﻣﻴﻨﻴ ﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻲ‬
‫ﺟﻴ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻠﻮﻛﻮز‬
‫ﺒﺮﻳﻨﻮﺟﻴﻦ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺒﻮﻣﻴﻦ ‪ ،‬اﻟﻔﻴ‬
‫اﻷﻟ‬
‫ﺗﻴﻨﺎ ت اﻟﺪ ﻫﻨﻴ ﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺮو‬‫ﺒﻴﻦ ‪ ،‬اﻟ‬ ‫ﺛﺮوﻣ‬
‫ﺒﺮو‬‫اﻟ‬
‫اﻟﺠﻠﻮﻛﻮز‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺒﺪ‬
‫ﺧﻠﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻜ‬
‫ﺒﺪﻳ ﺔ(‬
‫)ﺧﻠﻴ ﺔ ﻛ‬

‫ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺿﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺿﻴﻖ‬

‫ﺘﻢ إﻋﺎدةﺗﺪوﻳﺮ ‪90٪‬ﻣﻦ‬

‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺘﻢﺗﺼﻨﻴﻊ ‪10٪‬ﻣﻦ اﻷﺣﻤﺎض‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎض اﻟﺼﻔﺮاوﻳ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻔﺮاوﻳ ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬

‫ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺿﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺿﻴﻖ‬

‫ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻖ اﻟﺼﻔﺮاء‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬

‫ﺘﺼﺎص اﻷﺣﻤﺎض اﻟﺼﻔﺮاوﻳ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ‬

‫ﺘﻢ اﻣ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫اﻷﻣﻌﺎء‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺒﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻮﻟ ﻲ اﻟﻜ‬
‫ﻟﻮ‬

‫ﺑﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻮا‬
‫ﺛﺎﻟﻮ ث اﻟ‬

‫ﺛﻴﺎ ت‬‫ﺛﻼ‬
‫ﺒﺪ ﻓ ﻲ "ﻓﺼﻴﺼﺎ ت" ﻣﻊ اﻟﻮرﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻮﺳﻂ و‬ ‫ﺘﻢﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ اﻟﻜ‬ ‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺒﺪي ‪ ،‬اﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻟﺼﻔﺮاوﻳ ﺔ( ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑ ﻲ ‪ ،‬اﻟﺸﺮﻳﺎن اﻟﻜ‬
‫ﺒﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺎ ب )اﻟﻮرﻳﺪ اﻟ‬
‫اﻟ‬
Machine Translated by Google

‫ﺒﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻮﻟ ﻲ اﻟﻜ‬
‫ﻟﻮ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﺪم واﻟﺼﻔﺮاء داﺧﻞ‬

‫ﺒﺪ‬
‫ﻓﺼﻴﺺ اﻟﻜ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺘﺼﻒ ‪ ،‬وأﻏﻤﻖ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺤﻮاف(‬

‫ﺒ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤﻨ‬
‫ﺒﺪ‪ :‬ﻃﺎﻗ ﺔ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀ ﺔ )اﻟﻔﺼﻴﺼﺎ ت ﺷﺎﺣ‬
‫اﻟﻜ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺑ ﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺤﻮاف‬
‫ﺒﻮا‬
‫ﺛﻴﺎ ت اﻟ‬
‫ﺛﻼ‬‫اﻟﻔﺼﻴﺺ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻮرﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻮﺳﻂ ‪ ،‬و‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺒﺎل أو اﻟﺼﻔﺎﺋﺢ ‪ ،‬واﻟﺠﻴﻮ ب اﻷﻧﻔﻴ ﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺒﺪﻳ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﺤ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻴﺺ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻮرﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي ‪ ،‬واﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ اﻟﻜ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫اﻟﻮرﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎ‬
‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻨﺎة‬
‫ﺒﺪي‬ ‫اﻟﻜ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻔﺮاوﻳ ﺔ‬

‫ﺒﺪي‬
‫ﺷﺮﻳﺎن ﻛ‬

‫ﺒﺪي‬
‫ﺒﺪي ‪ ،‬اﻟﺸﺮﻳﺎن اﻟﻜ‬
‫ﺑ ﻲ اﻟﻜ‬
‫ﺒﺎ‬
‫ﺑ ﺔ‪ :‬اﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻟﺼﻔﺮاوﻳ ﺔ ‪ ،‬اﻟﻮرﻳﺪ اﻟ‬
‫ﺒﻮا‬
‫ﺛﺎﻟﻮ ث اﻟ‬
 ‫ﺒﺪ‬
‫ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﺪم ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻜ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻴﺺ‬

‫ﺒﺪي‬
‫ﺑ ﻲ واﻟﺸﺮﻳﺎن اﻟﻜ‬
‫ﺒﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻮرﻳﺪ اﻟ‬

‫ﺒﺪى‬
‫ﺑ ﻲ واﻟﻜ‬
‫ﺒﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺮوع اﻟﻮرﻳﺪ اﻟ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻳﺎن‬

‫ﺒﺪﻳ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺠﻴﻮ ب اﻟﻜ‬

‫ﻋﺮوق ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻳ ﺔ‬

‫ورﻳﺪ ﺷﺤﻤ ﻲ‬

‫ﺒﺪي‬
‫اﻟﻮرﻳﺪ اﻟﻜ‬
‫اﻟﻮرﻳﺪ اﻷﺟﻮف اﻟ ﺴﻔﻠ ﻲ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫اﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻟﺼﻔﺮاوﻳ ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻟﺼﻔﺮاوﻳ ﺔ اﻟﻄﺮﻓﻴ ﺔ أو اﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻟﺼﻔﺮاوﻳ ﺔ )ﻗﻨﺎة ﻫﻴﺮﻳﻨﻎ(‬

‫اﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻟﺼﻔﺮاوﻳ ﺔ‬

‫ﺑﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻮا‬
‫ﻗﻨﺎة اﻟ‬

‫ﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻮرﻳﺪ اﻟ‬

‫اﻟﻮرﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي‬

‫ﺒﺪ‬
‫ﺒﺎل اﻟﻜ‬
‫ﺣ‬
‫ﺒﺪي‬
‫ﺷﺮﻳﺎن ﻛ‬

‫ﺒﺪﻳ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺠﻴﻮ ب اﻟﻜ‬

‫ﻟﻮﺣ ﺔ ﻣﺤﺪدة‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬
‫اﻟﺠﻴﻮ ب‬

‫اﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻟﺼﻔﺮاوﻳ ﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻟﺼﻔﺮاوﻳ ﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻮرﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي‬

‫ﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺮع اﻟﻮرﻳﺪ اﻟ‬

‫ﺒﺪي‬
‫ﻓﺮع اﻟﺸﺮﻳﺎن اﻟﻜ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬
‫اﻟﺠﻴﻮ ب‬

‫اﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻟﺼﻔﺮاوﻳ ﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻟﺼﻔﺮاوﻳ ﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻮرﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي‬

‫ﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺮع اﻟﻮرﻳﺪ اﻟ‬

‫ﺒﺪي‬
‫ﻓﺮع اﻟﺸﺮﻳﺎن اﻟﻜ‬
Machine Translated by Google
Machine Translated by Google
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺒﺪ‬
‫ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﺼﻔﺮاء ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻜ‬

‫ﺑﻴ ﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻮ‬‫ﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻣ ﺴﺎﻓﺎ ت أﻧ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻨﻮا ت اﻟﺼﻔﺮاوﻳ ﺔ ﻋ‬
‫ﺗﻴﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﺠﺎور‬
‫ﺒﺪ ﻣ‬
‫ﺘ ﻲﻛ‬
‫ﺒﻼزﻣﺎ ﻟﺨﻠ‬
‫ﺑﺄﻏﺸﻴ ﺔ اﻟ‬‫ﻣﺤﺎﻃ ﺔ‬

‫ﺑﻮﺻﻼ ت ﺿﻴﻘ ﺔ )زوﻧﻮﻻ‬‫ﺒﺪﻳ ﺔ‬

‫ﺒﻂ اﻷﻏﺸﻴ ﺔ اﻟﺨﻠﻮﻳ ﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﻼﻳﺎ اﻟﻜ‬
‫ﺗ‬‫ﺗﺮ‬
‫أﻛﻜﻠﻮدﻧ ﺲ(‪.‬‬

‫ﺘﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﺼﻔﺮاء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ إﱃ‬

‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻟﺼﻔﺮاوﻳ ﺔ‪.‬‬‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ اﻟﻔﺼﻴﺺ ‪،‬‬

‫ﺒﺮ اﻟﻘﻨﻮا ت اﻟﺼﻔﺮاوﻳ ﺔ‬

‫ﺘﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻌﺼﺎرة اﻟﺼﻔﺮاوﻳ ﺔ ﻋ‬
‫ﺛﻢﺗ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺒﺪﻳ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺠﻴﻮ ب اﻟﻜ‬

‫ﺒﻘ ﺔ واﺣﺪة‬
‫ﺑﻄ‬‫ﺒﻄﻨ ﺔ‬
‫ﺑ ﺔ وﻣ‬
‫ﺘ ﺴﺮ‬
‫ﺒﻴﺮة ﻣ‬
‫ﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﺷﻌﻴﺮا ت دﻣﻮﻳ ﺔ ﻛ‬
‫ﺒﺪﻳ ﺔ ﻋ‬
‫ﺒﺎه اﻟﺠﻴﻮ ب اﻟﻜ‬
‫أﺷ‬
‫ﺑﻔﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﻼﻋﻢﺗ ﺴﻤﻰ ﺧﻼﻳﺎ ﻛﻮ‬
‫ﺒﻄﺎﻧﻴ ﺔ واﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻘﻄﻌ ﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ اﻟ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺒﺪي ﻓ ﻲ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬
‫ﺑ ﻲ واﻟﺸﺮﻳﺎن اﻟﻜ‬
‫ﺒﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺠﻴﻮ ب اﻷﻧﻔﻴ ﺔﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺪم ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮوع اﻟﻮرﻳﺪ اﻟ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻴﺺ إﱃ اﻟﻮرﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي‪.‬‬

‫ﺘﻮي ﻋﲆ ﺧﻠﻴﻂ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﺮاﻳﻴﻦ و‬

‫اﻟﺠﻴﻮ بﺗﺤ‬
‫اﻟﺪم اﻟﻮرﻳﺪي‪.‬‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﻀﺎء ‪)Perisinusoidal‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻫﺆﻻء(‬
‫اﻟﻔﻀﺎء ‪Perisinusoidal‬ﻣﻦ ‪Disse‬ﻳﻜﻤﻦ‬
‫ﺒﺪ واﻟﺠﻴﻮ ب اﻷﻧﻔﻴ ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺧﻼﻳﺎ اﻟﻜ‬

‫ﺒﺪﻳ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ ﻫﺬا‬
‫ﻣﺸﺮوع اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ اﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮة اﻟﻜ‬
‫ﻓﻀﺎء‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﻄﺎﻧ ﺔ وﻳﻐﻤﺮ ﺧﻼﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺮ ﺟﺪار اﻟ‬
‫ﺑ ﺴﻬﻮﻟ ﺔ ﻋ‬‫ﻳﻤﺮ اﻟﺪم ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﺠﻴﻮ ب اﻷﻧﻔﻴ ﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺪ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘ ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻜ‬

‫ﺒﺎ ت‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﻘﻠ‬
‫ﺒﺎدل اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻴ ﺔ واﻟﻤ ﺴ‬
‫ﻳﺤﺪ ث ﻫﻨﺎﺗ‬
Machine Translated by Google

Disse) ‫)ﻣﻦ‬Perisinusoidal ‫اﻟﻔﻀﺎء‬

‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺒﺪي‬
‫اﻟﻜﻴ ﺲ اﻟﻜ‬

‫ﺑﻄﺎﻧ ﺔ اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻴ ﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻄﺎﻧﻴ ﺔ اﻟﺠﻴ‬
‫اﻟ‬

‫ﺘﺠﻮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﻛﺮا ت اﻟﺪم اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ﻓ ﻲ اﻟ‬
‫ﺒﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺠﻴ‬
‫ﺣﻮل اﻟﺠﻴﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻀﺎء‬
‫)ﻣﻦ دﻳ ﺲ(‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺑﻔﺮ )ﻣﻠﻄﺨ ﺔ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻳﺎ ﻛﻮ‬
‫ﺑﻄﺎﻧ ﻲ‬‫ﺘﺠﻮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﺑ‬‫ﺒﻄ ﺔ‬
‫ﺗ‬‫ﺑﻼﻋﻢ ﻣﺮ‬ ‫أﺳﻮد( ﻫ ﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺎه اﻟﺠﻴﻮ ب‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ أﺷ‬

‫ﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ اﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ‬

‫ﺘﻴﺮﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻜ‬‫ﺗﻨﺎول اﻟ‬‫ﺘﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬و‬
‫اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤ ﺔ وإزاﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻀﺪ إﱃ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ اﻟﻤ ﺴ‬‫واﻟﺤﻄﺎم ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﺪم ‪ ،‬و‬
‫اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ اﻟﻠﻴﻤﻔﺎوﻳ ﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺒﺪﻳ ﺔ(‬
‫ﺑﻔﺮ )اﻟﻀﺎﻣ ﺔ اﻟﻜ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻳﺎ ﻛﻮ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺒﺪ و‬
‫ﺒﻨﻜﺮﻳﺎس واﻟﻜ‬
‫اﻟ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻄﻂ اﻟﻤﺮارة‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣ ﺔ‬

‫ﺒﻨﻜﺮﻳﺎس‬
‫اﻟ‬

‫ﺒﺪ‬
‫ﻛ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮارة‬
Machine Translated by Google

‫ﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﻠﻴﺎر‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮارة واﻟ ﺴ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫وﻇﺎﺋﻒ اﻟﻤﺮارة‬

‫ﻳﺨﺰن اﻟﺼﻔﺮاء وﻳﺮﻛﺰ ﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺘﺼﺎص اﻟﻤﺎء‪.‬‬
‫إﻋﺎدة اﻣ‬

‫ﺘﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﺼﻔﺮاء‬
‫إذاﺗﻤ ﺖ إزاﻟ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺮارة ‪،‬ﺗ‬
‫ﺘﻢﺗﺨﺰﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻘﻨﻮا ت‬
‫ﺒﺪ إﱃ اﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻟﻬﻀﻤﻴ ﺔ أوﻳ‬
‫ﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻔﺮاوﻳ ﺔ‪ .‬ﻋﺎدة ﻫﺬه ﻟﻴ ﺴ ﺖ ﻣﺸﻜﻠ ﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺘﻮﻛﻴﻨﻴﻦﺗﻘﻠﺺ اﻟﻌﻀﻼ ت اﻟﻤﻠ ﺴﺎء ﻓ ﻲ ﺟﺪار‬

‫ﺒ ﺐ ﻛﻮﻟﻴ ﺴﻴ ﺴ‬ ‫ﻳﺴ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮارة‪.‬‬
Machine Translated by Google

‫ﺒﺪ‬
‫ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﺼﻔﺮاء داﺧﻞ اﻟﻜ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺒﺪ‬
‫ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﺼﻔﺮاء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜ‬

‫ﺑﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻮا‬
‫ﺛﻴﺎ ت اﻟ‬
‫ﺛﻼ‬‫ﺘﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﺼﻔﺮاء إﱃ اﻟﻘﻨﻮا ت اﻟﺼﻔﺮاوﻳ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ‬
‫ﺗ‬

‫ﺒﺪﻳ ﺔ اﻟﻴﻤﻨﻰ واﻟﻴ ﺴﺮى‬

‫اﻟﻘﻨﻮا ت اﻟﻜ‬

‫ﺘﺮﻛ ﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺪﻳ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺸ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻟﻜ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻟﻜﻴ ﺴﻴ ﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮارة‬

‫ﺘﺮﻛ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻟﺼﻔﺮاوﻳ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺸ‬

‫ﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﺸﺮي‬
‫اﻻ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺮارة‪ :‬ﻋﺮض ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ اﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳ ﺔ‬

‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﻇﻬﺎرة‬
‫م‬
‫ﻻﻣﻴﻨﺎ اﻟ ﺴﻠﻴﻢ‬

‫ﻋﻀﻠ ﻲ‬
‫س‬

‫ﻣﺼﻠ ﻲ‬

‫ﺟﺪار اﻟﻤﺮارة‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﻇﻬﺎرة اﻟﻤﺮارة واﻟﺼﻔﻴﺤ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺼﻮﺻ ﺔ‬

Machine Translated by Google

‫اﻟﻤﺮارة اﻟﻐﻼﻟ ﺔ اﻟﻌﻀﻠﻴ ﺔ‬

Machine Translated by Google

‫اﻟﻤﺮارة اﻟﻤﺼﻠﻴ ﺔ‬
Machine Translated by Google