Chemistry

Introduction in Chemistry
Classification of Matter

Matter
Pure Substances Mixtures
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Elements Compounds |
-non-metal -molecular compounds |
-metals -ionic compounds |
-metalloids |
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Homogeneous Mixtures Heterogeneous
-acids
-bases
-neutral solutions
- Solution is a homogeneous mixture of dissolved
substances containing at least one solute and
one solvent

- Solute is a substance that is dissolved in a

solvent

- Solvent is usually a liquid component of the

solution and a medium which a solute can dissolve
in

- Homogeneous consists of only one phase

- Heterogeneous consists of more than one phase

- Homogeneous can be classified as pure

substances or mixtures and solutions

- Pure substances are homogeneous matter that

cannot be separated by physical changes

- Elements are pure substances that can't be

broken down chemically into simpler units by heat
or electricity and are composed of only one type
of atom

- Compounds are pure substances that can be

decomposed chemically by heat or electricity and
are composed of two or more types of atoms
Composition and Structure of Matter

- Composition of matter deals with the type of

particle (molecules, atoms, and ions) that is
made out of and with the relative proportions of
different particles in a substance

- Structure of matter refers to how the particles

are joined together to form a substance

- Atoms are the smallest particle of an element

that retains the chemical properties of that
element

- Ion is a single particle that has a net positive or

negative charge

- Molecule is a particle that consists of two or

more atoms bonded together
Qualitative and Quantitative properties of Matter

- Qualitative properties of matter

- Color
- Odor
- Taste
- State of matter
- Texture
- Opacity
- Malleability
- Ductility
- Luster

- Quantitative properties of matter

- Mass
- Volume
- Density
- Harness
- Velocity
- Heat
- Conductivity
- Electrical conductivity
- Magnetism
- Solubility
- Melting and boiling points
Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter

- Physical properties of matter are the

properties that do not involve change in the
internal composition of the substance
- Physical properties of matter are:
- Color
- Crystalline
- Shape
- Hardness
- Solubility
- Melting and boiling point
- Percent composition

- Chemical properties of matter are the

properties that involve change in the internal
composition of the substance
- They include the abilities of a substance to
react with other substances and change to
something new
Changes in Matter

Phase changes are changes in the state of matter

and involve small energy changes

Phase changes can be exothermic and

endothermic

Exothermic is going from less arranged particles to

more arranged particles
- Condensation (gas to liquid)
- Solidification (liquid to solid)
- Sublimation or Deposition ( gas to solid)

Endothermic is going from more arranged particles

to less arranged particles
- Melting (solid to liquid)
- Vaporization (liquid o gas)
- Sublimation (solid to gas)
Chemical and Nuclear Changes

Chemical changes or reactions are changes in

which new substances with new properties are
formed
- As evidenced by change in:
- Odor
- Color
- Energy
- State

Nuclear change is a nuclear reaction in which

elements are changes into different elements
or isotopes of the same element are formed
- They involve great amounts of energy