Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BOK Ê Ì Ì °ê Ì 2016-7 Ë Ë 2
BOK Ê Ì Ì °ê Ì 2016-7 Ë Ë 2
무역에 미친 효과
Ⅰ. 머리말 ·
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·1
Ⅱ. 최근 해외직접투자 특성 및 기존 연구 ·
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Ⅲ. 해외직접투자 자료 특성 및 실증 분석 ·
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Ⅳ. 요약 및 결론 ·
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·24
<참고문헌> ·
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·26
<부록> ·
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·29
자유무역협정(FTA)이 한국 기업의 기업내
무역에 미친 효과
I. 머리말
자료 : UNCTAD
Ⅱ. 최근 해외직접투자 특성 및 기존 연구
1. 우리나라 해외직접투자 동향 및 추이
자료: 한국수출입은행
자료 : UNCTAD
주: 2014년 말 기준.
자료: UNCTAD
2. 기존 연구
Ⅲ. 해외직접투자 자료 특성 및 실증 분석
1. 통계 자료
2. 분석 모형
i f ≦ (1)
i f
. (2)
9 BOK 경제연구 제2016-7
<표 3> 변수 구성
구 분 변수명 설 명
(한국매출+1)
depend1 ln
(현지매출+1)
(제3국매출+1)
종속변수 depend2 ln
(현지매출+1)
(한국매입+1)
depend3 ln
(총매출+1)
더미변수로 각 국가와 체결한 FTA 발효연도부터 이후 연도에
관심변수 ftad
대해 1 부여
equity 한국투자자 지분율 합계
lemploys ln(종업원수+1)
해외
현지법인 (자산총계+1)
lasspemp 종업원 1인당 자산으로, ln
특성 (종업원수+1)
경상이익
profpass 이익률로, ×100
자산총계
lcapital ln(자본금+1)
부채
현지법인 debpown 자기자본 대비 부채비율로, ×100
자기자본
모기업
통제 총 매출
특성 profpsale 매출액 대비 당기순이익률로,
당기순이익
변수
linv ln(투자금액+1)
dist 한국과의 거리(수도 간 직선거리)
현지법인
tari_am 관세율
국가
ltotgdp 시장의 크기로, ln(양국 GDP 합)
특성
ldifgdp_2 시장의 크기로, ln(양국 GDP 차 제곱)
_Iyear_2008 2008년이면 1 부여
연도 _Iyear_2009 2009년이면 1 부여
더미 _Iyear_2010 2010년이면 1 부여
_Iyear_2011 2011년이면 1 부여
3. 통계자료의 기초 분석
4. 실증분석 결과
FTA가 기업내 무역에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위하여 현지법인의 한국매출 비중,
제3국매출 비중, 한국으로부터의 매입 비중 등을 종속변수로 이용하였다. 한편 분석을
전체 업종, 제조업, 서비스업 등 업종별로 구분하거나 한국 모기업의 현지법인 자회사에
대한 지분율 기준으로 50%를 초과하는 다수지분(majority ownership) 보유, 50%
이하 지분율을 갖는 소수지분(minority ownership) 보유 등으로 구분하여 분석하였다.
가. 전체 업종
(1) 한국으로의 매출 관련
(2) 제3국으로의 매출 관련
8) 이하에서는 국내 모기업의 특성을 통제한 실증분석 결과를 바탕으로 해석한다. 이는 국내 모기업 특성이
기업내 무역에 중요하게 영향을 미친다는 것이 이론적으로 알려져 있기 때문이다.
13 BOK 경제연구 제2016-7
(한국매출+1)
ln(한국매출+1) ln
(현지매출+1)
2.323*** 2.878*** 0.660 1.817**
ftad
(0.666) (0.780) (0.768) (0.915)
0.072*** 0.063*** 0.075*** 0.069***
equity
(0.008) (0.010) (0.010) (0.012)
3.088*** 3.078*** 1.075*** 0.957***
lemploys
(0.136) (0.176) (0.147) (0.191)
1.641*** 1.769*** -0.065 -0.114
lasspemp
(0.135) (0.179) (0.147) (0.196)
-0.282 -0.340 -0.062 -0.076
profpass
(0.307) (0.311) (0.305) (0.310)
0.137 -0.087
lcapital
(0.164) (0.184)
-0.031 0.059
debpown
(0.197) (0.209)
-0.852 -0.612
profpsale
(0.910) (0.975)
-0.322** 0.038
linv
(0.137) (0.163)
-1.090*** -1.057*** -0.727*** -0.766***
dist
(0.069) (0.084) (0.075) (0.094)
0.042 -0.045 0.229** 0.131
tari_am
(0.097) (0.117) (0.103) (0.126)
1.677** 1.902** -1.507** -1.099
ltotgdp
(0.621) (0.741) (0.674) (0.817)
0.249 0.262 0.400* 0.351
ldifgdp_2
(0.201) (0.232) (0.221) (0.257)
# of Obser. 15,735 10,706 15,734 10,705
1,211.973 762.719 474.711 301.673
주: 1) ***, **, *는 각각 1%, 5%, 10% 수준에서 유의함을 의미
2) ( ) 내는 standard error
3) 각 추정은 연도더미를 포함하였으나 표시 생략
(제3국매출+1)
ln(제3국매출+1) ln
(현지매출+1)
2.906*** 3.532*** 1.236 2.486**
ftad
(0.822) (0.945) (0.826) (0.930)
0.038** 0.029** 0.037** 0.035**
equity
(0.012) (0.014) (0.012) (0.015)
5.667*** 5.571*** 2.619*** 2.676***
lemploys
(0.208) (0.268) (0.204) (0.263)
3.970*** 4.003*** 1.694*** 1.880***
lasspemp
(0.202) (0.271) (0.198) (0.266)
0.083 0.055 0.207 0.062
profpass
(0.672) (0.641) (0.535) (0.470)
0.463** -0.084
lcapital
(0.235) (0.231)
-0.370 -0.645
debpown
(0.366) (0.426)
-1.060 -1.567
profpsale
(1.595) (1.620)
-0.195 -0.148
linv
(0.206) (0.202)
0.029 0.120 -0.005 0.008
dist
(0.090) (0.106) (0.091) (0.107)
-0.255* -0.444** -0.195 -0.515***
tari_am
(0.132) (0.155) (0.130) (0.154)
-2.080** -1.844** -4.346*** -3.556***
ltotgdp
(0.782) (0.912) (0.766) (0.877)
0.316 0.409 0.366 0.198
ldifgdp_2
(0.250) (0.282) (0.249) (0.274)
# of Obser. 15,736 10,706 15,735 10,705
(3) 한국으로부터의 매입 관련
(한국 매입+1)
ln(한국매입+1) ln
(총매출+1)
0.678 0.916 0.667 0.569
ftad
(0.545) (0.614) (0.416) (0.515)
0.105*** 0.100*** 0.032*** 0.026**
equity
(0.008) (0.009) (0.008) (0.009)
4.709*** 4.669*** -0.177** -0.259**
lemploys
(0.128) (0.159) (0.080) (0.106)
3.130*** 3.287*** -0.211** -0.276**
lasspemp
(0.126) (0.162) (0.079) (0.111)
-0.596* -0.611* -0.027 -0.009
profpass
(0.323) (0.316) (0.138) (0.157)
0.056 0.030
lcapital
(0.144) (0.099)
-0.136 0.107*
debpown
(0.182) (0.063)
-0.781 -0.138
profpsale
(0.825) (0.835)
-0.481*** -0.079
linv
(0.126) (0.092)
-0.267*** -0.173** 0.064* 0.070*
dist
(0.058) (0.067) (0.033) (0.042)
0.054 -0.064 0.138** 0.075
tari_am
(0.087) (0.099) (0.057) (0.072)
1.116** 0.765 0.361 -0.004
ltotgdp
(0.521) (0.592) (0.351) (0.443)
-0.013 0.167 -0.094 0.036
ldifgdp_2
(0.165) (0.183) (0.106) (0.139)
# of Obser. 15,735 10,706 15,734 10,705
나. 제조업
(1) 한국으로의 매출 관련
(한국매출+1)
ln(한국매출+1) ln
(현지매출+1)
4.256*** 4.140*** 3.562*** 3.538**
ftad
(0.829) (0.884) (1.023) (1.105)
0.043*** 0.038*** 0.044** 0.041**
equity
(0.011) (0.011) (0.013) (0.014)
2.636*** 2.978*** 0.503** 0.598**
lemploys
(0.168) (0.202) (0.188) (0.229)
1.459*** 1.788*** -0.454** -0.399*
lasspemp
(0.169) (0.208) (0.191) (0.238)
-0.517 -0.607 -0.212 -0.230
profpass
(0.381) (0.379) (0.369) (0.368)
-0.088 -0.143
lcapital
(0.195) (0.224)
0.458 1.035**
debpown
(0.379) (0.432)
-0.537 -0.546
profpsale
(1.905) (1.767)
-0.401** 0.027
linv
(0.181) (0.215)
-1.300*** -1.265*** -1.032*** -1.038***
dist
(0.090) (0.096) (0.107) (0.116)
-0.236* -0.314** -0.067 -0.130
tari_am
(0.131) (0.140) (0.147) (0.160)
1.567* 1.971** -0.587 -0.256
ltotgdp
(0.833) (0.881) (0.970) (1.034)
0.553** 0.397 0.454 0.373
ldifgdp_2
(0.266) (0.277) (0.311) (0.326)
# of Obser. 8,696 7,612 8,696 7,612
663.582 596.125 267.105 239.153
주: 1) ***, **, *는 각각 1%, 5%, 10% 수준에서 유의함을 의미
2) ( ) 내는 standard error
3) 각 추정은 연도더미를 포함하였으나 표시 생략
17 BOK 경제연구 제2016-7
(2) 제3국으로의 매출 관련
(제3국매출+1)
ln(제3국매출+1) ln
(현지매출+1)
3.506*** 3.611*** 1.983** 2.080**
ftad
(0.998) (1.053) (1.009) (1.044)
0.004 -0.000 0.018 0.018
equity
(0.015) (0.015) (0.016) (0.017)
5.670*** 5.312*** 2.252*** 2.376***
lemploys
(0.265) (0.314) (0.255) (0.308)
4.516*** 4.135*** 1.748*** 1.904***
lasspemp
(0.264) (0.322) (0.253) (0.315)
15.282* 12.845 5.676 3.482
profpass
(8.065) (7.872) (5.901) (5.518)
0.818** 0.153
lcapital
(0.280) (0.274)
0.047 -0.461
debpown
(0.617) (0.739)
-2.476 -2.638
profpsale
(2.425) (1.970)
-0.296 -0.291
linv
(0.255) (0.243)
0.037 -0.046 -0.129 -0.110
dist
(0.115) (0.120) (0.116) (0.120)
-0.531** -0.506** -0.539** -0.549**
tari_am
(0.173) (0.179) (0.176) (0.180)
-2.923** -3.210** -3.602*** -3.959***
ltotgdp
(1.015) (1.064) (0.974) (1.010)
0.513 0.695** 0.081 0.219
ldifgdp_2
(0.315) (0.331) (0.304) (0.316)
# of Obser. 8,696 7,612 8,696 7,612
(3) 한국으로부터의 매입 관련
(한국매입+1)
ln(한국매입+1) ln
(총매출+1)
0.873 1.022 0.765 0.536
ftad
(0.612) (0.649) (0.522) (0.553)
0.090*** 0.093*** 0.024** 0.021**
equity
(0.009) (0.010) (0.009) (0.010)
4.134*** 4.393*** -0.413*** -0.358**
lemploys
(0.141) (0.169) (0.101) (0.118)
3.004*** 3.271*** -0.316** -0.287**
lasspemp
(0.142) (0.176) (0.100) (0.124)
-0.634 -0.717 0.129 0.099
profpass
(0.443) (0.439) (0.393) (0.377)
0.159 0.043
lcapital
(0.158) (0.108)
0.101 0.406
debpown
(0.298) (0.247)
-0.426 -0.108
profpsale
(1.900) (3.336)
-0.594*** -0.108
linv
(0.148) (0.102)
-0.111* -0.119* 0.100** 0.087**
dist
(0.065) (0.068) (0.040) (0.043)
-0.299** -0.316** 0.110 0.069
tari_am
(0.103) (0.109) (0.072) (0.078)
0.638 0.526 0.243 0.029
ltotgdp
(0.600) (0.629) (0.441) (0.475)
0.198 0.201 -0.040 0.012
ldifgdp_2
(0.186) (0.194) (0.132) (0.148)
다. 다수지분(majority ownership)
(1) 한국으로의 매출 관련
(한국매출+1)
ln(한국매출+1) ln
(현지매출+1)
2.464*** 3.215*** 0.859 2.239**
ftad
(0.676) (0.793) (0.787) (0.943)
0.101*** 0.117*** 0.137*** 0.140***
equity
(0.018) (0.021) (0.021) (0.025)
3.015*** 2.954*** 1.006*** 0.775***
lemploys
(0.139) (0.180) (0.152) (0.196)
1.572*** 1.635*** -0.153 -0.344*
lasspemp
(0.139) (0.184) (0.151) (0.202)
-0.280 -0.326 -0.050 -0.038
profpass
(0.303) (0.307) (0.306) (0.312)
0.282* 0.096
lcapital
(0.166) (0.188)
0.135 0.310
debpown
(0.244) (0.279)
-0.753 -0.541
profpsale
(0.871) (0.943)
-0.339** 0.017
linv
(0.137) (0.165)
-1.131*** -1.124*** -0.763*** -0.876***
dist
(0.071) (0.087) (0.079) (0.099)
0.040 -0.057 0.204* 0.091
tari_am
(0.100) (0.120) (0.107) (0.131)
1.312** 1.780** -1.657** -0.903
ltotgdp
(0.633) (0.759) (0.693) (0.846)
0.280 0.284 0.400* 0.308
ldifgdp_2
(0.205) (0.238) (0.227) (0.265)
# of Obser. 14,241 9,787 14,240 9,786
1,101.173 709.988 439.313 296.543
주: 1) ***, **, *는 각각 1%, 5%, 10% 수준에서 유의함을 의미
2) ( ) 내는 standard error
3) 각 추정은 연도더미를 포함하였으나 표시 생략
21 BOK 경제연구 제2016-7
(2) 제3국으로의 매출 관련
(제3국매출+1)
ln(제3국매출+1) ln
(현지매출+1)
2.744** 3.505*** 1.070 2.567**
ftad
(0.846) (0.969) (0.865) (0.966)
0.036 0.036 0.067** 0.060**
equity
(0.025) (0.028) (0.026) (0.029)
5.548*** 5.461*** 2.508*** 2.578***
lemploys
(0.217) (0.280) (0.215) (0.275)
3.844*** 3.830*** 1.565*** 1.688***
lasspemp
(0.212) (0.285) (0.210) (0.280)
0.146 0.113 0.275 0.116
profpass
(0.772) (0.696) (0.659) (0.525)
0.529** -0.016
lcapital
(0.241) (0.239)
-0.290 -0.598
debpown
(0.391) (0.436)
-0.898 -1.513
profpsale
(1.578) (1.688)
-0.199 -0.174
linv
(0.210) (0.206)
0.060 0.165 -0.010 -0.013
dist
(0.094) (0.112) (0.097) (0.114)
-0.239* -0.442** -0.151 -0.517**
tari_am
(0.137) (0.161) (0.136) (0.161)
-2.500** -2.174** -4.662*** -3.697***
ltotgdp
(0.807) (0.942) (0.801) (0.914)
0.289 0.378 0.352 0.150
ldifgdp_2
(0.257) (0.290) (0.260) (0.284)
# of Obser. 14,242 9,787 14,241 9,786
792.570 600.681 252.540 199.980
주: 1) ***, **, *는 각각 1%, 5%, 10% 수준에서 유의함을 의미
2) ( ) 내는 standard error
3) 각 추정은 연도더미를 포함하였으나 표시 생략
23 BOK 경제연구 제2016-7
(3) 한국으로부터의 매입 관련
(한국매입+1)
ln(한국매입+1) ln
(총매출+1)
0.622 0.742 0.564 0.373
ftad
(0.552) (0.622) (0.425) (0.530)
0.085*** 0.086*** 0.038** 0.030*
equity
(0.016) (0.017) (0.014) (0.016)
4.749*** 4.729*** -0.216** -0.316**
lemploys
(0.131) (0.162) (0.082) (0.110)
3.205*** 3.367*** -0.229** -0.302**
lasspemp
(0.130) (0.166) (0.081) (0.114)
-0.621** -0.627** -0.025 -0.001
profpass
(0.313) (0.309) (0.139) (0.159)
0.103 0.019
lcapital
(0.145) (0.103)
-0.001 0.229**
debpown
(0.208) (0.100)
-0.668 -0.111
profpsale
(0.783) (0.797)
-0.524*** -0.054
linv
(0.126) (0.097)
-0.240*** -0.127* 0.062* 0.066
dist
(0.060) (0.069) (0.034) (0.043)
0.054 -0.067 0.151** 0.095
tari_am
(0.088) (0.101) (0.058) (0.073)
0.826 0.474 0.291 -0.090
ltotgdp
(0.528) (0.600) (0.355) (0.450)
0.062 0.240 -0.094 0.037
ldifgdp_2
(0.168) (0.185) (0.107) (0.140)
# of Obser. 14,241 9,787 14,240 9,786
1,506.812 1,056.366 48.034 37.774
주: 1) ***, **, *는 각각 1%, 5%, 10% 수준에서 유의함을 의미
2) ( ) 내는 standard error
3) 각 추정은 연도더미를 포함하였으나 표시 생략
자유무역협정(FTA)이 한국 기업의 기업내 무역에 미친 효과 24
Ⅳ. 요약 및 결론
참고문헌
Antras P., and F. C. Foley (2011), “Regional Trade Integration and Multinational
Firm Strategies,” In Costs and Benefits of Economic Integration in Asia,
Robert J. Barro and Jong-Wha Lee (eds.), Ch. 8, Oxford, New York, Oxford
Univ. Press.
Berger A., M. Busse, P. Nunnenkamp, and M. Roy (2009), “Do Trade and
Investment Agreements Lead to More FDI? Accounting for Key Provisions
inside the Black Box,” Staff WP ERSD-2010-13, WTO.
Blomstrom, M., and A. Kokko (1997), “Regional Integration and Foreign Direct
Investment,” NBER WP No. 6019.
Helpman, E., M. J. Melitz, and S. R. Yeaple (2004), “Export versus FDI with
Heterogeneous Firms,” American Economic Review, Vol. 94(1), pp. 300-316.
Jang, Y. (2011), “The Impact of Bilateral Free Trade Agreements on Bilateral Foreign Direct
Investment among Developed Countries,” World Economy, Vol. 34(9), pp. 1628-1651.
Lesher, M., and S. Miroudot (2006), “Analysis of the Economic Impact of Investment
Provisions in Regional Trade Agreements,” OECD Trade Policy WP No. 36.
Motta, M., and G. Norman (1996), “Does Economic Integration Cause Foreign Direct
Investment?” International Economic Review, Vol. 37(4), pp. 757-783.
자유무역협정(FTA)이 한국 기업의 기업내 무역에 미친 효과 28
Yeyati, E., E. Stein, and C. Daude (2003), “Regional Integration and the Location of
FDI,” IADB Draft.
29 BOK 경제연구 제2016-7
<부 록>
1. 자료 단순 분석
<부록표 1> 업종별 자료 (2007~2011년 평균)
현지 현지법인 현지법인
법인 수 매출액(억원) 지분율(%)
주: 현지법인 수는 패널개체 수를 의미
자유무역협정(FTA)이 한국 기업의 기업내 무역에 미친 효과 30
가. 서비스업
(한국매출+1)
ln(한국매출+1) ln
(현지매출+1)
-1.306 0.323 -2.580 -1.266
ftad
(1.614) (1.753) (1.720) (1.880)
0.113*** 0.131*** 0.132*** 0.127***
equity
(0.023) (0.025) (0.025) (0.027)
3.723*** 3.617*** 2.161*** 1.984***
lemploys
(0.377) (0.412) (0.385) (0.425)
2.296*** 2.334*** 0.955** 0.878**
lasspemp
(0.352) (0.394) (0.359) (0.407)
-0.053 -0.125 0.078 0.067
profpass
(0.978) (0.887) (1.196) (1.148)
1.694*** 0.474
lcapital
(0.366) (0.383)
-0.117 -0.394
debpown
(0.319) (0.486)
-1.050 -0.588
profpsale
(1.518) (1.339)
-0.694** -0.071
linv
(0.303) (0.333)
-0.183 -0.271 0.158 0.019
dist
(0.165) (0.185) (0.167) (0.192)
0.311 0.399 0.592** 0.572**
tari_am
(0.227) (0.245) (0.223) (0.244)
0.410 -0.042 -4.120** -4.162**
ltotgdp
(1.392) (1.543) (1.385) (1.568)
-0.252 0.077 0.323 0.360
ldifgdp_2
(0.455) (0.486) (0.458) (0.495)
# of Obser. 3,119 2,531 3,118 2,530
(제3국매출+1)
ln(제3국매출+1) ln
(현지매출+1)
3.912** 3.963* 3.855** 4.752**
ftad
(1.984) (2.200) (1.901) (2.062)
0.097*** 0.109*** 0.071** 0.081**
equity
(0.029) (0.033) (0.028) (0.032)
5.445*** 5.391*** 3.302*** 3.171***
lemploys
(0.525) (0.586) (0.519) (0.563)
3.117*** 3.185*** 1.726*** 1.619**
lasspemp
(0.475) (0.548) (0.472) (0.530)
0.052 0.014 0.114 0.027
profpass
(0.609) (0.647) (0.504) (0.527)
-0.141 -0.579
lcapital
(0.486) (0.479)
-0.580 -0.855
debpown
(0.568) (0.590)
-0.478 -0.659
profpsale
(1.515) (1.924)
-0.057 0.226
linv
(0.443) (0.461)
0.904*** 0.773** 0.663** 0.396
dist
(0.214) (0.243) (0.215) (0.241)
-0.042 -0.246 0.103 -0.101
tari_am
(0.298) (0.330) (0.287) (0.312)
-0.578 -0.445 -4.788** -3.766*
ltotgdp
(1.766) (1.994) (1.792) (1.970)
-0.369 -0.396 0.781 0.485
ldifgdp_2
(0.569) (0.609) (0.612) (0.636)
(한국매입+1)
ln(한국매입+1) ln
(총매출+1)
0.689 2.035 1.007 1.209
ftad
(1.606) (1.746) (1.366) (1.630)
0.088*** 0.092*** 0.042 0.041
equity
(0.024) (0.027) (0.029) (0.032)
4.907*** 4.939*** -0.039 -0.162
lemploys
(0.405) (0.445) (0.318) (0.362)
3.092*** 3.428*** -0.349 -0.522
lasspemp
(0.381) (0.428) (0.291) (0.359)
-0.557 -0.634 -0.131 -0.130
profpass
(0.614) (0.600) (0.218) (0.238)
0.601 0.229
lcapital
(0.376) (0.355)
-0.269 0.167
debpown
(0.333) (0.113)
-1.287 -0.270
profpsale
(1.823) (2.245)
-0.621* 0.121
linv
(0.326) (0.352)
0.083 -0.017 0.134 0.108
dist
(0.175) (0.196) (0.135) (0.154)
0.548** 0.496** 0.116 0.145
tari_am
(0.233) (0.251) (0.189) (0.222)
0.345 0.336 -0.866 -0.333
ltotgdp
(1.471) (1.628) (1.331) (1.491)
0.002 0.122 0.253 0.116
ldifgdp_2
(0.479) (0.507) (0.475) (0.489)
나. 대기업
(한국매출+1)
ln(한국매출+1) ln
(현지매출+1)
1.716* 2.038* 0.811 0.810
ftad
(0.986) (1.048) (1.114) (1.192)
0.066*** 0.075*** 0.075*** 0.079***
equity
(0.014) (0.015) (0.016) (0.017)
3.053*** 3.436*** 1.124*** 1.286***
lemploys
(0.221) (0.254) (0.230) (0.267)
1.657*** 2.196*** 0.147 0.474*
lasspemp
(0.221) (0.258) (0.230) (0.272)
-0.466 -0.617 -0.190 -0.254
profpass
(0.423) (0.427) (0.372) (0.379)
0.559* 0.430
lcapital
(0.305) (0.332)
0.596 1.673**
debpown
(0.634) (0.623)
-1.647 -6.266
profpsale
(15.787) (14.915)
-0.542** -0.177
linv
(0.223) (0.248)
-0.904*** -0.894*** -0.624*** -0.626***
dist
(0.111) (0.117) (0.117) (0.126)
-0.131 -0.109 -0.001 0.045
tari_am
(0.160) (0.168) (0.167) (0.178)
1.294 1.026 -1.992** -2.261**
ltotgdp
(0.957) (1.005) (1.004) (1.063)
0.466 0.394 0.522* 0.393
ldifgdp_2
(0.294) (0.309) (0.311) (0.326)
(제3국매출+1)
ln(제3국매출+1) ln
(현지매출+1)
2.340** 2.541** 2.125** 1.996*
ftad
(1.006) (1.081) (0.966) (1.026)
0.043** 0.043** 0.037** 0.041**
equity
(0.016) (0.017) (0.016) (0.017)
5.743*** 5.660*** 2.670*** 2.621***
lemploys
(0.280) (0.320) (0.271) (0.308)
3.986*** 3.970*** 1.882*** 1.883***
lasspemp
(0.275) (0.323) (0.263) (0.308)
0.398 0.835 -0.056 0.000
profpass
(2.924) (3.251) (1.440) (1.508)
0.186 0.078
lcapital
(0.364) (0.359)
0.340 0.170
debpown
(0.708) (0.738)
13.430 4.299
profpsale
(17.543) (15.634)
0.001 -0.204
linv
(0.319) (0.311)
0.170 0.211* 0.041 0.070
dist
(0.119) (0.125) (0.117) (0.123)
-0.335* -0.307* -0.576*** -0.588**
tari_am
(0.175) (0.183) (0.175) (0.182)
-1.157 -1.182 -2.776** -2.853**
ltotgdp
(0.987) (1.038) (0.933) (0.973)
-0.041 -0.029 -0.063 -0.145
ldifgdp_2
(0.294) (0.309) (0.281) (0.292)
(한국 매입+1)
ln(한국매입+1) ln
(총매출+1)
-0.154 0.083 -1.069 -0.827
ftad
(0.720) (0.764) (0.826) (0.922)
0.100*** 0.101*** 0.026** 0.028*
equity
(0.012) (0.012) (0.013) (0.014)
4.502*** 4.735*** -0.170 -0.102
lemploys
(0.187) (0.211) (0.140) (0.176)
3.085*** 3.418*** -0.243* -0.118
lasspemp
(0.187) (0.216) (0.144) (0.189)
1.011 0.931 0.029 0.027
profpass
(1.995) (1.999) (0.418) (0.500)
0.459* 0.070
lcapital
(0.245) (0.208)
-0.908* -1.613*
debpown
(0.476) (0.956)
4.792 -2.914
profpsale
(12.954) (22.732)
-0.670*** -0.254
linv
(0.200) (0.164)
-0.162* -0.127 0.082 0.098
dist
(0.087) (0.090) (0.057) (0.066)
-0.053 -0.102 0.073 0.076
tari_am
(0.125) (0.130) (0.102) (0.119)
0.709 0.328 0.111 0.098
ltotgdp
(0.726) (0.753) (0.580) (0.669)
0.219 0.290 -0.034 -0.032
ldifgdp_2
(0.218) (0.228) (0.175) (0.201)
다. 중소기업
(한국매출+1)
ln(한국매출+1) ln
(현지매출+1)
2.696** 5.508*** 0.111 4.294**
ftad
(0.956) (1.294) (1.093) (1.568)
0.062*** 0.040** 0.069*** 0.049**
equity
(0.011) (0.014) (0.013) (0.018)
3.119*** 2.768*** 0.989*** 0.380
lemploys
(0.199) (0.249) (0.223) (0.290)
1.711*** 1.355*** -0.252 -1.073***
lasspemp
(0.200) (0.254) (0.227) (0.302)
0.093 0.176 0.745 2.238
profpass
(1.016) (1.280) (1.483) (2.790)
0.340 -0.111
lcapital
(0.249) (0.286)
-0.100 -0.301
debpown
(0.196) (0.308)
-0.829 -0.605
profpsale
(0.806) (0.889)
-0.061 0.425*
linv
(0.189) (0.236)
-1.123*** -1.345*** -0.701*** -1.037***
dist
(0.092) (0.126) (0.103) (0.150)
0.091 -0.119 0.343** 0.041
tari_am
(0.128) (0.174) (0.141) (0.198)
1.976** 3.443** -1.454 0.250
ltotgdp
(0.857) (1.180) (0.943) (1.367)
0.059 0.178 0.312 0.616
ldifgdp_2
(0.296) (0.386) (0.332) (0.458)
(제3국매출+1)
ln(제3국매출+1) ln
(현지매출+1)
4.760*** 7.583*** 0.079 4.108**
ftad
(1.437) (1.961) (1.461) (2.029)
0.023 -0.004 0.028 0.017
equity
(0.018) (0.025) (0.019) (0.028)
5.176*** 5.461*** 2.682*** 2.581***
lemploys
(0.368) (0.496) (0.369) (0.495)
3.570*** 4.026*** 1.603*** 1.610**
lasspemp
(0.364) (0.504) (0.366) (0.510)
0.164 0.041 0.236 0.052
profpass
(0.810) (0.694) (0.646) (0.583)
0.392 -0.223
lcapital
(0.443) (0.453)
-0.657 -1.005*
debpown
(0.512) (0.579)
-1.141 -1.801
profpsale
(1.696) (1.818)
-0.448 -0.162
linv
(0.320) (0.326)
-0.043 -0.278 0.141 -0.218
dist
(0.142) (0.205) (0.143) (0.210)
-0.235 -1.057*** 0.211 -0.560*
tari_am
(0.210) (0.304) (0.204) (0.299)
-3.769** -4.407** -5.886*** -5.709**
ltotgdp
(1.363) (1.980) (1.312) (1.920)
1.245** 2.172** 0.829* 1.367**
ldifgdp_2
(0.489) (0.696) (0.468) (0.673)
(한국매입+1)
ln(한국매입+1) ln
(총매출+1)
1.187 1.850* 1.649** 1.452**
ftad
(0.848) (1.062) (0.529) (0.674)
0.100*** 0.089*** 0.031** 0.024**
equity
(0.012) (0.015) (0.010) (0.012)
4.757*** 4.615*** -0.259** -0.361**
lemploys
(0.204) (0.249) (0.106) (0.132)
3.141*** 3.170*** -0.259** -0.354**
lasspemp
(0.205) (0.255) (0.106) (0.136)
-0.715** -0.716** -0.005 0.026
profpass
(0.348) (0.344) (0.138) (0.161)
-0.030 0.074
lcapital
(0.238) (0.132)
-0.016 0.090*
debpown
(0.179) (0.051)
-0.813 -0.105
profpsale
(0.813) (0.652)
-0.426** 0.054
linv
(0.177) (0.127)
-0.267** -0.231** 0.059 0.021
dist
(0.082) (0.104) (0.041) (0.055)
0.138 0.000 0.159** 0.059
tari_am
(0.125) (0.159) (0.069) (0.090)
2.027** 1.693* 0.727 -0.007
ltotgdp
(0.775) (0.985) (0.460) (0.621)
-0.291 -0.061 -0.138 0.099
ldifgdp_2
(0.260) (0.311) (0.137) (0.207)
라. 소수지분(minority ownership)
(한국매출+1)
ln(한국매출+1) ln
(현지매출+1)
1.703 0.004 -1.648 -1.274
ftad
(3.297) (3.925) (3.368) (3.786)
0.072 0.104 -0.021 0.094
equity
(0.059) (0.075) (0.058) (0.074)
4.997*** 5.225*** 2.640*** 3.467***
lemploys
(0.611) (0.817) (0.619) (0.859)
3.278*** 3.731*** 1.505** 2.459**
lasspemp
(0.586) (0.796) (0.596) (0.835)
3.202 4.410 1.024 1.039
profpass
(10.529) (14.215) (9.149) (12.127)
-1.246 -2.159**
lcapital
(0.859) (0.865)
-6.885 -1.529
debpown
(5.847) (3.282)
-4.805 -5.018
profpsale
(12.975) (11.780)
0.542 1.533*
linv
(0.809) (0.812)
-0.581** -0.493* -0.247 0.131
dist
(0.252) (0.291) (0.246) (0.271)
0.678 0.638 1.061** 0.796*
tari_am
(0.442) (0.505) (0.429) (0.464)
5.997** 3.721 0.936 -0.423
ltotgdp
(2.899) (3.198) (2.868) (3.002)
-0.039 0.393 0.359 0.490
ldifgdp_2
(0.905) (1.005) (0.921) (0.965)
(제3국매출+1)
ln(제3국매출+1) ln
(현지매출+1)
5.244** 3.558 4.357 1.193
ftad
(2.567) (3.881) (2.689) (3.355)
-0.057 -0.069 -0.070 -0.037
equity
(0.052) (0.084) (0.060) (0.079)
5.971*** 6.452*** 3.195*** 3.200***
lemploys
(0.540) (0.929) (0.627) (0.855)
4.181*** 5.230*** 2.175*** 2.808***
lasspemp
(0.499) (0.902) (0.584) (0.824)
-2.700 -7.527 -4.697 -8.790
profpass
(3.638) (7.626) (3.381) (5.511)
0.142 -0.540
lcapital
(0.940) (0.858)
-4.343 -1.848
debpown
(5.496) (4.068)
-5.593 -4.334
profpsale
(20.736) (23.363)
-0.161 0.282
linv
(0.885) (0.831)
-0.265 -0.425 -0.164 -0.047
dist
(0.210) (0.317) (0.254) (0.294)
0.157 0.233 -0.359 -0.359
tari_am
(0.372) (0.547) (0.428) (0.516)
1.741 0.044 -0.686 -2.451
ltotgdp
(2.296) (3.350) (2.473) (2.936)
0.361 1.185 0.140 0.658
ldifgdp_2
(0.742) (1.072) (0.797) (0.942)
(한국매입+1)
ln(한국매입+1) ln
(총매출+1)
1.881 2.173 5.393 13.420
ftad
(2.985) (3.427) (4.990) (10.274)
0.081 0.123* 0.064 0.076
equity
(0.058) (0.072) (0.043) (0.054)
5.130*** 4.544*** 0.588 1.095
lemploys
(0.615) (0.776) (0.392) (0.694)
3.005*** 3.032*** 0.087 0.424
lasspemp
(0.589) (0.767) (0.316) (0.601)
22.787 18.108 2.890 -0.109
profpass
(19.121) (19.650) (6.901) (15.253)
-0.671 0.070
lcapital
(0.855) (0.447)
-6.282 -1.378
debpown
(5.723) (4.364)
-4.328 -0.008
profpsale
(10.791) (4.171)
0.590 -0.487
linv
(0.816) (0.438)
-0.300 -0.297 -0.025 -0.343
dist
(0.255) (0.289) (0.293) (0.584)
0.434 0.690 -0.083 -0.205
tari_am
(0.445) (0.499) (0.392) (0.652)
6.874** 4.736 3.191 5.462
ltotgdp
(2.676) (2.988) (3.603) (5.671)
-1.492* -0.566 -0.212 0.597
ldifgdp_2
(0.806) (0.923) (0.777) (1.274)
2. 변수의 통계적 특성
가. 전체 업종
2007~2011년
구분 변수명
평균 최소값 최대값
나. 제조업
2007~2011년
구분 변수명
평균 최소값 최대값
다. 중소기업
2007~2011년
구분 변수명
평균 최소값 최대값
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