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JENAYAH
CRIMINAL CASES
• Criminal cases are considered offenses against the state, or society as a
whole.
• The government of Malaysia, on behalf of the society, prosecutes the
criminal cases through the Attorney General Chambers.
• Criminal offences are offences codified in the criminal statutes. If it is not
codified, then it is not a criminal offence in Malaysia.
• Example of criminal statutes: Penal Code; Dangerous Drugs Act 1952; Sexual
offences Act against Children 2017; Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission
Act 2009; Kidnapping Act 1961.
• The burden of proof in criminal cases is higher than the civil cases i.e.
beyond reasonable doubt (compared to balance of probabilities in civil
cases).
FORENSIC SCIENCE