Name Date

Chemical Bonds
Section 2 Types of Bonds

Skim through Section 2 of the book. Write two questions that come
to mind from reading the headings and the illustration captions.
1. Accept all reasonable responses. What is an ionic bond?

2. How is a covalent bond different from an ionic bond?

Review
Vocabulary Define atom. Use your book for help.
atom the smallest piece of matter that still retains the properties

of the element

New
Vocabulary Read the definitions below. Then write the vocabulary word that
matches each definition in the left column.
ion a charged particle that has either more or fewer electrons than it
has protons
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

ionic bond the force of attraction between a positive ion and a negative ion in
an ionic compound
covalent bond the force of attraction between two atoms that share electrons
molecule the neutral particle that forms when atoms share electrons
nonpolar bond a covalent bond where the electrons are shared equally
polar bond a covalent bond where electrons are unequally shared producing
charged molecule ends
polar molecule a molecule that has a slightly positive end and a slightly negative
end, but the molecule itself is neutral
nonpolar molecule a molecule in which the electrons are shared equally between
atoms in the chemical bond

Academic
Vocabulary Define transfer. Use a dictionary for help.
transfer to move to a different place

Chemical Bonds 219

Name Date

Section 2 Types of Bonds (continued)

Ions Complete the steps in the formation of a potassium ion.

I found this information one
on page . 1. An atom of potassium has electron in its
SE, pp. 558–559 outer level .
RE, pp. 318–319
2. A potassium atom loses one electron in its outer level
when it combines with an iodine atom .
3. The potassium atom is now a positive ion .
4. The potassium ion has a 1 charge.
5. The symbol for a positive potassium ion is K .

Molecules Compare ionic and covalent bonds in the Venn diagram below
I found this information with at least eight facts. Accept all reasonable responses.
on page .
SE, pp. 560–561
RE, pp. 320–324 Ionic Covalent
Both
molecule of sharing of
transfer of electrons
a compound is
electrons between

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

formed; outer
between nonmetals;
shell complete
metals and more than one
with eight
nonmetals; net or two
electrons;
charge is zero electrons are
chemically stable;
overall neutral involved in
charge creating
stability

I found this information Analyze and discuss why it is much easier for Group 14 elements to
on page . become stable by sharing instead of transferring electrons.
SE, p. 562
RE, p. 321 Accept all reasonable responses. These elements would have to

gain or lose four electrons to become stable. Each time an

electron is removed, it takes more energy to remove the next one.

So, it is easier to share electrons rather than transfer them.

220 Chemical Bonds

 Name Date

Section 2 Types of Bonds (continued)

S UMMARIZE I T Write two key facts in each of the boxes below. Accept all
reasonable responses.

Covalent Bonds Polar Covalent Bonds

1. sharing of one or more 1. charge balanced but
pairs of electrons not equally distributed
2. nonmetallic elements 2. slight negative charge
are involved at part of molecule
where electron spends
most time; slight
positive charge at part
of molecule where
electron is mostly
absent
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Sharing Electrons
1. Sharing
requires less energy.
2. A covalent bond is
Unequal Sharing formed. Nonpolar
Covalent Bonds
1. electrons not always
shared equally; 1. electrons shared
depends on size of equally in covalent
atom, charge of nucleus, bonds
total number 2. occurs in atoms that
of electrons in atom are exactly alike, such
2. HCl example with as N2; occurs in
electrons more around symmetric atoms
Cl because of stronger CCl4 or CH4
pull

Chemical Bonds 221