Name : Mendoza, Aldrin Daniel G.

Course & Section : BET-CpET-2C-STEM

Date : November 13, 2022
Teacher : Ms. Mary Jane Concepcion

AND Gate

I. Objectives

1. To examine the characteristics and operation of a TTL AND gate.

2. To construct a logic circuit of an AND gate with an expanded input using 2-input TTL
AND gates.
Youtube link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MZLJj8UEC0Q&t=2s

II. Materials and Equipment

• 5V DC power • 1pc 1/2w 220Ω resistor

supply • 3 pcs SPDT switch
• 1pc 74LS08 (quad 2-input • 1 pc breadboard
AND Gate) • Solid wires
• 1 pc 5mm red LED

III. Introductory Information

The basic operation of logic multiplication, commonly known as the AND operation or
function, is performed by the AND gate. This gate is composed of two or more inputs
and a single output. Figure 1 shows the standard logic symbol for an AND gate with
two inputs variables, A and B. The output of this gate is expressed in Boolean algebra
notation as A.B. This notation is read as A and B, not as A times B.

The operation of the AND gate is such that the output is HIGH (1) only when all of the
inputs are HIGH (1). If any of the inputs are LOW(0), the output is LOW (0). An AND
gate determines when certain conditions are simultaneously true. The AND gate is an
all-or-nothing gate because there must be a 1 at all of the inputs to obtain a 1 at the
output. The HIGH (1) level is the prime or the active output level for the AND gate.
Procedure

1. Construct on the breadboard the AND gate circuit shown in Figure A.

2. Set the AND circuit to each input combination as shown in truth table A.1.
Observe and record in the truth table the output for each combination.
3. Using the same circuit as shown in Figure A, complete truth tables A.2
and A.3.

Figure A

Truth table A.2

Input Output
A B Y
open 0 0
open 1 0

Truth table A.1 Truth table A.3

Input Output Input Output
A B Y A B Y
0 0 0 0 open 0
0 1 0 1 open 0
1 0 0
1 1 1

4. Construct on the breadboard the AND gate circuit shown in Figure B.

5. Set the AND circuit to each input combination as shown in truth table B.
Observe and record in the truth table the output for each combination.

Figure B

Input Output
A B C Y
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1
IV. Questions

1. What is the equivalent of a floating input of a TTL AND Gate?

The floating input refers that the one of the inputs is unused. Based on the
observations of the experiment, it has implied that the floating input is equivalent
to high impedance or state 1.

2. What is the Boolean expression of the circuit shown in Figure B?

(𝑨 ∙ 𝑩)𝑪 = 𝒀

3. What are the two ways that must be done on a three-input AND gate for it to
function as a two-input AND gate?

A. Connect input A and B to the first AND Gate. Then apply second AND Gate
and Connect output AB to the pin 1 then input C is connected to pin 2.

B. Connect A and B to the AND Gate inputs. Then connect C to input B.

4. Draw the two possible connections on how the three two-input AND gates can be
wired to function as a four-input OR gate. Also write the Boolean expression for
each output of the AND gate.

Circuit 1 Circuit 2

(AB)(CD) = Y ABC = Y

V. Conclusion

The results have concluded that the AND gate bring up its output to state 1 if both
inputs are in 1. No matter how much input has been included in the AND gate, as long
as the one of the inputs are in 0 state, it will come out as low impedance. TTL AND
Gate has implied that its floating input will be always equivalent in state 1 based on
the observations of the experiment. In terms of logic input connections, we are not only
relying on one way to make a logic circuit gate. It can come in a various way just like
the outcomes shown and implied in question 3 and 4.