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Textbook Breast Surgery Juarez M Avelar Ebook All Chapter PDF
Textbook Breast Surgery Juarez M Avelar Ebook All Chapter PDF
Avelar
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Juarez M. Avelar
Editor
Breast Surgery
Aesthetic Approaches
123
Breast Surgery
Juarez M. Avelar
Editor
Breast Surgery
Aesthetic Approaches
Editor
Juarez M. Avelar
São Paulo, SP
Brazil
v
Foreword I
vii
Foreword II
“This is the spirit that Beauty must ever induce: wonderment and a deli-
cious trouble, longing and love and a trembling that is all delight”
(Plotinus 23, [Ennead 1, 3]).
It is with great pleasure that I have been asked to write the foreword for Dr.
Juarez Avelar’s book on breast surgery. Dr. Avelar is a highly respected
Brazilian plastic surgeon who pioneered (in the 1990s) the procedure of
lipoabdominoplasty, which preserves the blood vessels of the upper abdomi-
nal wall flap during abdominoplasty. He is proliferative in authoring books on
plastic surgery, such as Creation of the Auricle and New Concepts on
Abdominoplasty and Further Applications, as well as journal articles and
book chapters.
Dr. Avelar’s new book entitled Breast Surgery: Aesthetic Approaches is
innovative in subjects such as general information for breast surgery, surgical
options for reduction breast surgery, aesthetic reparation of breast and chest
wall deformities, mastopexy, and breast augmentation. Chapters include
“Importance of Pitanguy’s Technique for Evolution of Aesthetic Breast
Surgery,” “Reduction Mammaplasty in a Single Central Block,” “Technical
Systemization in Mammoplasy,” “New Mastoplasty with Superior and
Inferior Pedicles,” “Mammoplasty Through Periareolar Approach,” “Critical
Analysis Concerning Mammary Prosthesis,” and “Importance of Regenerative
Medicine on Breast Augmentation.” The contributors are expert Brazilian
plastic surgeons with new knowledge and techniques.
This book is intended for plastic surgeons, cosmetic surgeons, general sur-
geons, and any surgeon performing aesthetic breast surgery. Young surgeons,
experienced surgeons, and advanced breast surgeons can learn a variety of
techniques and approaches to breast surgeries from the 60 chapters.
ix
Preface
xi
xii Preface
xiii
Contents
xv
xvi Contents
Index�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 737
List of Contributors
xxi
xxii List of Contributors
Juarez M. Avelar
mammaplasty. Strombeck (1960) suggested the I also used to have another chance to hear his
maintenance of the lateral pedicle of the nipple– explanations about the techniques while he per-
areola complex (NAC) as preservation of the formed the operations. Nevertheless, during
principal arteriovenous and cutaneous nerve sys- reduction mastoplasty I used to pay even more
tem to ensure nipple survival and using a pattern attention to learn the way in which Prof.
to determine the shape of the breast. Skoog Pitanguy demarcated the technique and how he
(1963) described a laterally based dermal flap performed glandular resection, which seemed to
separated from the gland at the subcutaneous be very easy. All the time, he explained step-by-
level. McKissock in (1972) described his bipedi- step all the surgical principles that are deeply
cle vertical dermal flap for nipple transposition. embedded in my mind. For all these reasons,
Dufourmentel and Mouly (1961) described a lat- Pitanguy’s technique for reduction mastoplasty
eral wedge excision of skin, fat, and gland with a is essential to my practice.
resultant lateral oblique scar.
A memorable publication by Pitanguy (1961)
reported a horizontal dermal bridge and “keel”- 1.2 Method
shaped resection of the gland from the inferior
and central portions of the breast, creating a The surgical principles presented by Pitanguy
“third pedicle,” as he named it, to provide ade- (1961, 1967, 1981) and Pitanguy and Garcia
quate blood supply and nerves to the NAC. As I (1972) paved the way for several surgeons to per-
had the privilege to be trained by Prof. Pitanguy, form his techniques and to introduce personal
as a resident during my specialization in his modifications for evolution of the surgical results.
world famous clinic, his knowledge is essential After his original descriptions, the number of
in my practice. During that useful period, I publications in the medical literature regarding
assisted with his operations and took care of his reduction mastoplasty increased enormously. In
patients during postoperative recovery, which fact, Pitanguy’s technique is very easy to learn
made it possible for me to confirm the excellent and perform to treat moderate and large mam-
surgical results with minimal complications. mary hypertrophy.
There were a great number of patients with out-
standing results, inconspicuous scars and a
well-located NAC, without any sloughing or 1.2.1 Surgical Principles
other complications.
Many plastic surgeons from all over the Pitanguy’s technique presents several surgical
world used to visit Prof. Pitanguy to observe principles that are responsible for significant
and learn from him. In fact, in every procedure improvement in reduction mastoplasty, as he
he used to demonstrate his new techniques, he described and repeated during every operation,
was always friendly with all visitors, answering such as:
questions in several languages as he was fluent
in six foreign idioms. He was very kind and 1. The surgical marking is done according to the
polite with everyone when teaching every single surgeon’s creativity with no standard pattern.
detail, whereby it seemed to be quite easy to 2. To determine Pitanguy’s point A is the point
learn the basic surgical principles. Also, he was of reference for surgical marking (Fig. 1.1).
happy to explain in several languages any que- Following his technique, I introduced some
ries presented by the plastic surgeons in the modifications to his surgical marking (Avelar
operating room and after each procedure. 1980, 1993a, b). Thus, the distance between
Undoubtedly, Prof. Pitanguy was so generous in segments AB and AC is much longer com-
teaching his knowledge and his own techniques. pared with his marking (Fig. 1.2). Instead of
Therefore, in addition to having special oppor- creating a classic W-shaped marking, my
tunity to learn from him during operations, drawing is a long vertical area for skin
1 Importance of Pitanguy’s Technique for the Evolution of Aesthetic Breast Surgery 5
b c
d e
Fig. 1.1 Importance of Pitanguy’s point A for surgical Bidigital maneuver to determine the points B and C. (e)
demarcation in mastoplasty. (a, b) Drawing and photo Two lines are marked for the W incisions
show the surgeon’s hand to identify the point A. (c, d)
a b
Fig. 1.2 Comparison between Pitanguy’s marking and low. The arrows indicate that the excess skin of the exter-
mine. (a) Photo of the right breast after both markings. (b) nal and internal sides of the breast will be removed in the
The same patient showing that my points B and C are very central area of the breast
resection, as a very small area of skin is 4. The creation of two mammary columns on
resected on the submammary fold (Fig. 1.3). each side of the breast, which are the essential
3. The resection of the mammary gland on glands after resection.
hypertrophic breasts is performed using a 5. The creation of the “third pedicle” on the upper
“keel” shape in the medial part of the breast. pole of the breast, which is an important segment
6 J.M. Avelar
for improving vascular support to the remaining 7. The two mammary columns are sutured
mammary gland after reduction mastoplasty. together and to the muscular aponeurosis.
6. The remaining mammary gland maintains 8. After suturing of the mammary columns,
anatomical communication with the galac- there is no “dead” space.
tophorous duct together with the nipple. 9. There is no cutaneous undermining.
a b
Fig. 1.3 Pre-marking with the patient in a standing posi- for skin resection. The lines indicated by the arrows show
tion in front of two vertical mirrors. (a, b) She can observe that the incisions CE and BD are lower so as to reduce the
surgical pre-marking in front of the mirrors. (c) Pre- area for skin resection. (d) and (e) Final aspects after
marking is performed: a W drawing can be seen on the left pre-marking
breast and on the right one my marking shows a small area
1 Importance of Pitanguy’s Technique for the Evolution of Aesthetic Breast Surgery 7
d e
a b
Fig. 1.4 Surgical marking during surgery. (a) Drawing can be seen, as only the rocket-shaped central area of the
shows a comparison between Pitanguy’s marking with breast will be resected. (b) Photo during surgery shows
dotted lines (A, B, C, D, E) and mine with continuous that the breast is pulling up with Pitanguy’s marking in
lines (A, B1, C1, D1, E1). Between the two lines the comparison with my marking. The central area is already
amount of skin that is not resected during my approach de-epithelialized and the area of skin preserved
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VII