ANAEROBIC

RESPIRATION
Two Types of Respiration
Aerobic Respiration
Requires oxygen (O2) in order to create ATP.

Anaerobic Respiration
production of energy without oxygen: the production of
energy without the presence of oxygen.
The first stage of anaerobic cellular respiration

-The first stage of anaerobic cellular respiration is glycolysis

-Glycolysis is a series of chemical reactions that break

down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate.

-This process takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell and

does not require oxygen.
 Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration

Glycolysis

Presence Without
of oxygen oxygen
Pyruvate

Transition stage Fermentation

- Lactic Acid
Krebs Cycle - Alcoholic

Electron Transport chain

 6 – Carbon
Glycolysis 2 ATP
(glucose)

2 ADP

Cytoplasm
P P

P P
NAD+ NAD+
3 - carbon 3 - carbon
H + & 2e-
H + & 2e-
NADH NADH
P
ADP P
ADP
P P
ATP
ATP
3 – carbon 3 – carbon
(pyruvate) (pyruvate)
 with oxygen
Mitochondrial
Glycolysis matrix
2 pyruvate Transition stage
2 ATP 2 CO2
2 NADH 2 NADH 2 acetyl - CoA

Krebs 4 CO2
Cycle
2 ATP
Shuttle system
2 FADH2 6 NADH

ETC

Inner
membrane
 without oxygen
Mitochondrial
Glycolysis matrix
2 pyruvate
2 ATP
2 NADH

Anaerobic
respiration

fermentation
Equation for ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
C6H12O6 → 2C3H6O3 + 2ATP

Where:

C6H12O6 is glucose
2C3H6O3 is lactic acid or ethanol
2ATP is adenosine triphosphate
There are many different types of organisms that may undergo
anaerobic cellular respiration. Some of the most common
include:

Yeast: Yeast is a type of fungus that can ferment

sugar to produce alcohol. This process is used to
make bread, beer, and wine.

Muscles: Muscles can also undergo anaerobic

respiration when they are not getting enough
oxygen. This process produces lactic acid, which
can cause muscle soreness.
There are many different types of organisms that may undergo
anaerobic cellular respiration. Some of the most common
include:
• Bacteria: There are many different types of bacteria that
can undergo anaerobic respiration. Some of these
bacteria are harmful, while others are beneficial. For
example, some bacteria in the gut can ferment food to
produce short-chain fatty acids, which are important for
gut health.

• Archaea: Archaea are a type of single-celled organism

that can live in extreme environments, such as hot springs
and deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Many archaea can
undergo anaerobic respiration.
Fermentation
- is a metabolic process that consumes sugar in
the absence of oxygen.

- The products are organic acids, gases, or

alcohol.

- It occurs in yeast and bacteria, and also in

oxygen – starved muscle cells (such as in
humans)
Fermentation
Lactic acid fermentation

- Occurs in some bacteria and animal cells such as the

muscle cells (in humans)

- In humans, this occurs when doing very strenuous activity.

- Pyruvate is converted to lactic acids in muscles when

oxygen is depleted.

- the accumulation of lactic acid in the muscle cell can cause

muscle fatigue.
 Cytoplasm
Lactic Acid Fermentation
2 ADP + 2 Pi 2 ATP

Glycolysis 2 Pyruvate

2 NAD+ 2 NADH

2 Lactate

C6H12O6 + 2 NADH + 2 ADP + 2 Pi → 2 Lactate + 2 NAD+ + 2 ATP

Fermentation
Alcohol fermentation (ethanol fermentation)

- Occurs only in certain microorganism such as yeast .

- Is a biological process which converts sugars such as

glucose, fructose, and sucrose into cellular energy
producing ethanol and carbon dioxide as by products.

Uses or applications of alcoholic fermentation:

1. Alcoholic beverages such as wine and beer
2. Ethanol fuel
3. Bread
 Cytoplasm
Alcohol fermentation (ethanol fermentation)
2 ADP + 2 Pi 2 ATP

Glycolysis 2 Pyruvate

2 NAD+ 2 NADH 2 CO2

2 Ethanol 2 Acetaldehyde

C6H12O6 + 2 NADH + 2 ADP + 2 Pi → 2 C2H5OH + 2 NAD+

+ 2 ATP
 key differences between lactic acid
fermentation and alcoholic fermentation:
few reasons why organisms might need to undergo
anaerobic cellular respiration.

Oxygen is not available.

Anaerobic respiration is a way for organisms to produce

energy without oxygen. This is important for organisms that
live in environments where oxygen is scarce, such as the
bottom of the ocean or the inside of a cow's stomach.
few reasons why organisms might need to undergo
anaerobic cellular respiration.

Aerobic respiration is not possible.

Some organisms, such as obligate anaerobes, cannot

survive in the presence of oxygen. For these organisms,
anaerobic respiration is the only way to produce energy.
few reasons why organisms might need to undergo
anaerobic cellular respiration.

Aerobic respiration is too slow.

In some cases, organisms may need to produce energy

quickly, and aerobic respiration is not fast enough. For
example, muscle cells need to produce energy quickly
during exercise. In these cases, anaerobic respiration can
provide a quick burst of energy.
Yeast
small single-celled fungus: a small single-celled fungus
that ferments sugars and other carbohydrates and
reproduces by budding.