GENERAL

CHEMISTRY
1

SENIOR
HIGH
SCHOOL
General Chemistry 1
SCIENCE
Subject TECHNOLOGY
ENGINEERING &
Description
Composition, structure, and properties MATHEMATICS
matter;
of quantitative principles, kinetics, and
SPECIALIZED SUBJECT
energetics of transformations of matter; and
fundamental concepts of organic chemistry Grade Level: 11
Semester: 1st/2nd
Hours/Semester: 80 Hrs.

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Contents
UNIT SCIENCE
TECHNOLOGY
1 TO CHEMISTRY
INTRODUCTION ENGINEERING &
MATHEMATICS
UNIT 2
CHEMICAL CALCULATION & REACTION SPECIALIZED SUBJECT

UNIT 3 STEM-ACADEMIC

THE GASEOUS STATE OF MATTER

Grade Level: 11
UNIT 4 Semester: 1st/2nd
Hours/Semester: 80 Hrs.
ATOMIC AND MOLECULARSTRUCTURES

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 UNIT
1
Nature of Matter

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 LESSON 1.1 Nature and States of

Matter
1 2
• I will be able to describe the
particulate nature of the different forms of
matter;
• I will be able to classify the properties of
• matter;
I will be able to differentiate 3 4

substance
pure and mixtures; elements and
compounds; homogeneous and
heterogeneous mixtures;
5 6

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• I will be able to recognize the formulas of
some common substances; 1 2

• I will be able to discuss methods to

separate the components of a mixtures;
and
• I will be able to recognize chemical 3 4

substances present in some consumer

products

5 6

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Activity 1: What is Matter?

MATTER

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Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Everything on earth has mass and takes
up space.

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 PARTICLES COMPOSING MATTER

These are particles that have

These are the smallest unit of
matter that can’t be broken
down chemically.
These are groups of two or
gained or lost one or more
more atoms that are
of their valence electrons.
chemically bonded.

ATOMS MOLECULES IONS

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 STATES OF MATTER

SOLID LIQUID GAS

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Activity 2:

Solid

Liquid

Gas

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PLASMA
THE 4TH STATE OF MATTER

• It is a hot ionized gas consisting of

approximately equal numbers of
positively charged ions and negatively
charged electrons.

• The characteristics of plasmas

significantly different from those are
ordinary neutral gases so
of
that plasmas are considered a distinct
"fourth state of matter."
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BOSE-EISTEIN CONDENSATE
THE 5TH STATE OF MATTER

• It is a state of matter in which separate

atoms or subatomic particles, cooled to
near absolute zero.
• When they reach that temperature the
atoms are hardly moving relative to each
other; they have almost no free energy to do
so. At that point, the atoms begin to clump
together, and enter the same energy
states.

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Physical or Chemical
Property of Matter

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 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

INTENSIVE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES EXTENSIVE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Color Melting Point Density Mass

Solubility Conductivity Malleability Volume

Length
Luster Viscosity Boiling Point

Temperature Odor

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 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES DESCRIPTION
1. Combustibility Whether the substance undergoes combustion or not
\
2. Stability Whether the substance can be easily decomposed or not

3. Reactivity Whether it reacts with acids, bases, and oxygen, gas or not

4. Relative Activity Whether the material is more active or less active than other members of its
chemical family

5. Ionization Whether it will break into charged particles when in solution with water or
not.

6. Toxicity Whether substance can damage an organism or not.

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Activity 3
Group the characteristics of the given substance according to their physical (extensive or
intensive) or chemical properties.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME PHYSICAL PROPERTIES CHEMICAL
SUBSTANCES INTENSIVE EXTENSIVE PROPERTIES

1. The water in the container has a

volume of 100 mL and a mass of
99.8 g. It is colorless, and
tasteless. It has a density of
0.998g/mL, boils at 100 degrees
Celsius, and freezes at 0 degree
Celsius. It does not burn. It causes
Iron to rust.

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Activity 3
Group the characteristics of the give substance according to their physical (extensive or
intensive) or chemical properties.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME PHYSICAL PROPERTIES CHEMICAL
SUBSTANCES INTENSIVE EXTENSIVE PROPERTIES

2. NaCl with a mass of 37.9 g is

colorless, odorless, and salty solid
crystals. It has melting point of 801
degree Celsius. When dissolved in 100 mL
water, it conducts electricity. It reacts with
silver nitrate to form a white
precipitates. It also react with water to
form chlorine gas, hydrogen gas, and
sodium hydroxide.

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 MATTER

PURE SUBSTANCES MIXTURES

These are composed of two or more
It is a matter that has a definite
substances combined physically in various
composition and distinct properties
composition.

ELEMENT COMPOUND HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE HETEROGENOUS MIXTURE

It is the simplest It contains two or It is a solid, liquid, or It is a mixture whose

gaseous mixture that has the composition varies from
form of matter sinc more kinds of atom
y same proportions of its
it composed of onl chemically combined one position to another
components throughout any given
one kind of atom. in definite proportion sample.
within the sample.
by mass
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Activity 4: Pure Substance or Mixture?

1. TABLE SUGAR 2. TABLE SALT

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 PURE SUBSTANCE OR MIXTURE?

3. IODIZED SALT 4. DISTILLED WATER

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 PURE SUBSTANCE OR MIXTURE?

4. SOFTDRINKS 5. OXYGEN GAS (TANK)

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 PURE SUBSTANCE OR MIXTURE?

6. BROWN SUGAR 7. HUMAN BREATH

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Activity 5: HOMOGENEOUS OR HETEROGENEOUS?

1. RUBBING ALCOHOL 2. WATER &OIL

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 HOMOGENEOUS OR HETEROGENEOUS?

3. SALT & PEPPER 4. CARBONATED SOFTDRINKS

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 HOMOGENEOUS OR HETEROGENEOUS?

5. HUMAN BREATH

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 SEPERATING MIXTURES
Chemist separate mixtures by using different methods.

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 SEPERATING MIXTURES
Chemist separate mixtures by using different methods.

1. Filtration is a process of separating the components of a suspension

2. In Decantation the solid particles are allowed to settled first at the
bottom and later, the liquid which is called supernatant is poured into
another container leaving behind solid particle.
3. Evaporation is the process of converting liquid to gas, is useful in
sorting mixtures such as salt solution.
4. Distillation is a process of separating a homogeneous mixture
composed of two substances with different boiling points.

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 SEPERATING MIXTURES
Chemist separate mixtures by using different methods.

5.Magnetic Separation is the process of separating elemental metals

from other particles in a mixture.
6.Melting is a process that can be used in extricating mixture that
contain two substances with different melting points.
7.Sublimation is a process of changing solid to gas without passing
through the liquid state.
8.In Centrifugation, the mixture is poured into a special tube in the
centrifuge apparatus, and is allowed to spin using centrifugal force. The
spinning motion forces the sediments to settle at the bottom. The liquid can be
poured off from the solid particles.

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9. Chromatography is another method of separating complex mixtures. It has various
methods that can be used in separating mixture such as paper chromatography, which
makes used of an adsorbent (filter paper or chromatogram paper), then separation depends
upon the solubility of each component in the solvent.

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PURE SUBSTANCES & MIXTURES IN CONSUMER PRODUCTS

CONSUMER PRODUCT
• It is any item often bought for consumption.
Convenience Product – those that appeal to a large segment of
the market or those that are routinely bought.

1. Household Cleaning
2. Personal Care Product

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PURE SUBSTANCES & MIXTURES IN CONSUMER PRODUCTS

HOUSEHOLD CLEANING MATERIAL

• The most commonly used cleaning products are bleach,
soaps, and detergents. These products have different
compositions, specific uses, precautions for use, and costs.

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PURE SUBSTANCES & MIXTURES IN CONSUMER PRODUCTS

HOUSEHOLD CLEANING MATERIAL

• Bleach helps clean and whiten surfaces by generally lowering the
stability of the chemical bonds in stain molecules.
• It can convert dirt into particles that can be easily washed
away in conjunction with use of detergents.

• NaOCl (Sodium Hypochlorite) and H2O2 (Hydrogen

Peroxide) are most common bleaching agents that are strong
oxidizers; they can burn then skin and eyes especially if used in
concentrated form.

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PURE SUBSTANCES & MIXTURES IN CONSUMER PRODUCTS

HOUSEHOLD CLEANING MATERIAL

• Soap and Detergent are mixture of surfactants, water

softeners, stain removers, enzymes and perfumes, among others.
• Surfactants render soaps and detergents capable of lowering the
surface tension of water, which allows them to wet the surface
to be cleaned. They also loosen and disperse water- insoluble
solids making them washable with water.
• Soap and Detergents are generally not toxic and
severely
dangerous, but may cause irritation to the skin and eyes .
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PURE SUBSTANCES & MIXTURES IN CONSUMER PRODUCTS

PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS

• Personal Care product constitute a diverse group of materials that
improve the overall appearance of a person. These products
are used to generally cleanse and beautify.

Examples of highly demanded personal care products are

makeup, lotions, and toothpastes.

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