Giao Trinh Khi Cu Dien

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vn 5
LI NI U

t nc Vit Nam trong cng cuc cng nghip ho - hin i ho, nn
kinh t ang trn pht trin, vic s dng cc thit b in, kh c in vo trong
xy lp cc khu cng nghip, khu ch xut lin doanh, khu nh cao tng ngy
cng nhiu. V vy vic tm hiu c tnh, kt cu, tnh ton la chn s dng rt
cn thit cho sinh vin hc ngnh in. Ngoi ra cn phi cp nht thm nhng
cng ngh mi ang khng ngng ci tin v nng cao cc thit b in.
Vi mt vai tr quan trng nh vy v xut pht t yu cu, k hoch o
to, chng trnh mn hc ca Trng Cao ng Ngoi ng - Cng ngh Vit
Nht. Chng ti bin son cun gio trnh Kh c in gm 4 phn vi nhng
ni dung c bn sau:
- Phn 1: L thuyt c bn ca kh c in.
- Phn 2: Tm hiu c tnh, kt cu, la chn s dng kh c in h p.
- Phn 3: Gii thiu c tnh, kt cu kh c in cao p.
- Phn 4: Mt s s cn bn v nguyn l iu khin, vn hnh.
Gio trnh Kh c in c bin son phc v cho cng tc ging dy ca
gio vin v l ti liu hc tp ca hc sinh.
Do chuyn mn v thi gian c hn nn khng trnh khi nhng thit st,
vy rt mong nhn c kin ng gp ca ng nghip v bn c cun sch
t cht lng cao hn.
TC GI

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PHN I: L THUYT C BN CA KH C IN
Chng I: PHT NNG KH C IN
I. KHI NIM V KH C IN
1. Khi nim
Kh c in l thit b dng ng ct, bo v, iu khin, iu chnh cc
li in, mch in, cc loi my in v cc my trong qu trnh sn xut.
Kh c in lm vic lu di trong cc mch dn in, nhit ca kh c
in tng ln gy tn tht in nng di dng nhit nng v t nng cc b phn
dn in v cch in ca kh c. V vy kh c in lm vic c trong mi ch
khi nhit ca cc b phn phi khng qu nhng gi tr cho php lm vic an
ton lu di.
2. Phn loi, cc yu cu c bn ca kh c in
a) Phn loi
Kh c in c phn ra cc loi sau:
- Kh c in dng ng ct cc mch in: Cu dao, My ct,
Aptmat
- Kh c in dng m my: Cng tc t, Khi ng t, B khng ch ch
huy
- Dng bo v ngn mch ca li in: Cu ch, Aptmat, Cc loi
my ct, Rle nhit
b) Cc yu cu c bn ca kh c in
m bo an ton cho cc thit b in v m bo tin cy ca Kh c
in th Kh c in m bo mt s yu cu:
- Kh c in m vo lm vic lu di vi cc thng s k thut trng
thi lm vic nh mc: U
m
, I
m
.
- n nh nhit, in ng, c cng c kh cao khi qu ti, khi ngn
mch, Vt liu cch in tt, khng b chc thng khi qu dng.
- Kh c in lm vic chc chn, an ton khi lm vic.
II. TNH TON TN THT IN NNG TRONG KH C IN
Tn tht in nng trong kh c in c tnh theo:
=
t
0
2
.R.t I Q
Trong : Q: in nng tn tht.
i: dng in trong mch.
R: in tr ca kh c.
t: Thi gian c dng in chy qua.
Tu theo kh c in to nn t cc vt liu khch quan, kch thc khc
nhau, hnh dng khc nhau s pht sinh tn tht khc nhau.
III. CC CH PHT NNG CA KH C IN
Sau y l bng nhit cho php ca mt s vt liu:
Vt liu lm kh c in Nhit cho php (
0
C)
Vt liu khng bc cch in hoc xa
nht cch in.
110
Dy ni dng tip xc c nh. 75
Vt liu c tip xc dng hnh ngn 75
Tip xc trt ca ng v hp kim ng 110
Tip xc m bc. 120
Vt khng dn in v khng bc cch in. 110

Vt liu cch in Cp cch nhit
Nhit cho
php (
0
C)
Vi si, giy khng tm cch in. Y 90
Vi si, giy c tm cch in. A 105
Hp cht tng hp E 120
Mica, si thu tinh B 130
Mica, si thu tinh c tm cch in F 155
Cht tng hp Silic H 180
S cch in. C >180

Tu theo ch lm vic khc nhau, mi kh c in s c s pht nng
khc nhau:
1. Ch lm vic lu di ca kh c in
Kh c in lm vic lu di, nhit trong kh c in bt u tng v n
nhit n nh th khng tng na, lc ny s to nhit ra mi trng xung
quanh.

2. Ch lm vic ngn hn ca kh c in
Ch lm vic ngn hn ca kh c in l ch khi ng in nhit
ca n khng t ti nhit n nh, sau khi pht nng ngn hn, kh c c
ngt nhit ca n st xung ti mc khng so snh c vi mi trng xung
quanh.

3. Ch lm vic ngn hn lp li ca kh c in
Nhit ca kh c in tng ln trong khong thi gian kh c lm vic,
nhit gim xung trong khong thi gian kh c ngh, nhit gim cha t
n gi tr ban u th kh c in lm vic lp li. Sau khong thi gian, nhit
tng ln ln nht gn bng nhit gim nh nht th kh c in t c ch
dng.
n nh
Bt u t(s)
n nh
Bt u t(s)
Pht nng

CU HI CHNG 1
1. Nu khi nim, phn loi v cc yu cu ca kh c in.
2. Trnh by cc ch pht nng ca kh c in.
Chng 2: TIP XC IN - H QUANG
I. TIP XC IN
1. Khi nim
Tip xc in l ni m dng in i t vt dn ny sang vt dn khc. B
mt tip xc ca hai vt dn c gi l tip xc in.
Cc yu cu c bn ca tip xc in:
- Ni tip xc in phi chc chn, m bo.
- Mi ni tip xc phi c bn c kh cao.
- Mi ni khng c pht nng qu ga tr cho php.
- n nh nhit v n nh ng khi c dng in cc i i qua.
- Chu c tc ng ca mi trng (nhit , cht ho hc...)
m bo cc yu cu trn, vt liu dng lm tip im c cc yu cu:
- in dn v nhit dn cao.
- bn chng r trong khng kh v trong cc kh khc.
- bn chng to lp mng c in tr sut cao.
- cng b gim lc nn.
- cng cao gim hao mn cc b phn ng ngt.
- bn chu h quang cao (nhit nng chy).
- n gin gia cng, gi thnh h.
Mt s vt liu dng lm tip im: ng, Bc, Nhm, Vonfram...
2. Phn loi tip xc in
Da vo kt cu tip im, c cc loi tip xc in sau:
a) Tip xc c nh
Cc tip i c ni c nh vi cc chi tit dn dng in nh l: thanh
ci, cp in, ch ni kh c vo mch. Trong qu trnh s dng, c hai tip im
c gn cht vo nhau nh cc bu lng, hn nng hay ngui.
b) Tip xc ng m
L tip xc ng ngt mch in. Trong trnghp ny ht sinh h
quang in, cn xc nh khong cch gia tip im tnh v ng da vo dng
in nh mc, in p nh mc v ch lm vic ca kh c in.
c) Tip xc trt
L tip xc c gp v vnh trt, tip xc ny cng d sinh ra h quang
in.
3. Cc yu t nh hng n in tr tip xc
- Vt liu lm tip im: vt liu mm tip xc tt.
- Kim loi lm tip im khng b xy ha.
- Lc p tip im cng ln th s to nn nhiu tip im tip xc.
- Nhit tip im cng cao th in tr tip xc cng ln.
- Din tch tip xc.
Thng thng dng hp kim lm tip im.
II. H QUANG IN
1. Khi nim
Trong cc kh c in dng ng ngt mch in (cu dao, contactor,
rle...) khi chuyn mch s pht sinh hin tng phng in. Nu dng in ngt
di 0,1A v in p ti cc tip im khong 250 300V th cc tip im s
phng in m . Trng hp dng in v in p cao hn tr s trong bng sau s
sinh ra h quang in.
Vt liu lm tip im U(V) I(A)
Platin 17 0,9
Vng 15 0,38
Bc 12 0,4
Vonfram 17 0,9
ng 12,3 0,43
Than 18 22 0,03

2. Tnh cht c bn ca phng in h quang
- Phng in h quang ch xy ra khi cc dng in c tr s ln.
- Nhit trung tm h quang rt ln v trong cc kh c c th n
60008000
0
K.
- Mt dng in ti Catt ln (10
4
10
5
)A/cm
2
.
- St p Catt bng 10 20V v thc t khng ph thuc vo dng in.
3. Qu trnh pht sinh v dp h quang
a) Qu trnh pht sinh h quang in:
i vi tip im c dng in b, ban u khong cch gia chng nh
tng khi in p t c tr s nht nh, v vy trong khong khng gian ny s sinh
ra in trng c cng rt ln (3.10
7
V/cm) c th lm bt in t t Catt gi
l pht x t ng in t (gi l pht x ngui in t). S in t cng nhiu,
chuyn ng di tc dng ca in trng lm ion ho khng kh gy h quang
in.
i vi tip im c dng in ln, qu trnh pht sinh h quang phc tp
hn. Lc u m tip im, lc p gia chng c tr s nh nn s tip im tip
xc dng in di qua t. Mt dng in tng ng k n hng chc nghn
A/cm
2
, do ti cc tip im s pht nng s tng n mc lm cho nhau, git
kim loi c ko cng ra tr thnh cu cht lng v ni lin hai tip im ny,
nhit ca cu cht lng tip tc tng, lc cu cht lng bc hi v trong
khng gian gia hai tip im xut hin h quang in. V qu trnh pht nng ca
cu thc hin rt nhanh nn s bc hi mang tnh cht n. Khi cu cht lng ct
ko theo s mi mn tip im, iu ny rt quan trng khi ngt dng in qu ln
hay qu trnh ng m xy ra thng xuyn.
b) Qu trnh dp tt h quang in
iu kin dp tt h quang l qu trnh ngi li vi qu trnh pht sinh h
quang:
- H nhit h quang.
- Ko di h quang.
- Chia h quang thnh nhiu on nh.
- Dng nng lng bn ngoi hoc chnh n thi tt h quang.
- Mc in tr Shunt tiu th nng lng h quang
Thit b dp tt h quang.
- H nhit h quang bng cch dng hi kh hoc du lm ngui,
dng vch ngn h quang c xt.
- Chia h quang thnh nhiu ct nh v ko di h quang bng cch
dng vch ngn chia thnh nhiu phn nh v thi kh dp tt.
- Dng nng lng bn ngoi hoc chnh n thi tt h quang,
nng lng ca n to p sut thi tt h quang.
- Mc in tr Shunt tiu th nng lng h quang (dng in tr
mc song song vi hai tip im sinh h quang).
CU HI CHNG 2
1. Nu khi nim, phn loi tip xc in.
2. Nu khi nim, tnh cht c bn ca phng in h quang
PHN II: TM HIU C TNH, KT CU, TNH TON
LA CHN S DNG KH C IN H P.
Chng 3: KH C IN NG NGT - BO V
MCH IN
A CB (CIRCUIT BREAKER)
I. KHI NIM V YU CU.
CB (CB c vit tt t danh t Circuit Breaker), CB l kh c in dng
ng ngt mch in (mt pha, ba pha); c cng dng bo v qu ti, ngn mch,
st p... mch in.
Chn CB phi tho mn ba yu cu sau:
- Ch lm vic nh mc ca CB thi l ch lm vic di hn, ngha
l tr s dng in nh mc chy qua CB lu tu . Mt khc, mch dng in ca
CB phi chu c dng in ln (khi c ngn mch) lc cc tip im ca n
ng hay ang ng.
- CB phi ngt c tr s dng in ngn mch ln, c th vi chc KA.
Sau khi ngt dng in ngn mch, CB m bo vn lm vic tt tr s dng in
nh mc.
- nng cao tnh n nh nhit v in ng ca cc thit b in, hn ch
s ph hoi do dng in ngn mch gy ra, CB phi c thi gian ct b. Mun vy
thng phi kt hp lc thao tc c hc vi thit b dp h quang bn trong CB.
II. CU TO V NGUYN L HOT NG
1. Cu to
a) Tip im
CB thng c ch to c hai cp tip im (tip im chnh v h quang),
hoc ba cp tip im (chnh, ph, h quang).
Khi ng mch, tip im h quang ng trc, tip theo l tip im ph,
sau cng l tip im chnh. Khi ct mch th ngc li, tip im chnh m trc,
sau n tip im ph, cui cng l tip im h quang. Nh vy h quang ch
chy trn tip im im h quang, do o bo v c tip im chnh dn in.
Dng thm tip im ph trnh h quang chy lan vo lm h hi tip im
chnh.
b) Hp dp h quang
CB dp c h quang trong tt c cc ch lm vic ca li in,
ngi ta thng dng hai kiu thit b dp h quang l: Kiu na kn v kiu h.
Kiu na kn c dt trong v kn ca CB v c l thot kh. Kiu ny c
dng in gii hn ct khng qu 50KA. Kiu h c dng khi gii hn dng
in ct ln hn 50KA hoc in p ln 1000V (cao p).
Trong bung dp h quang thng dng, ngi ta dng nhng tm thp xo
thnh li ngn, phn chia h quang thnh nhiu on ngn thun li cho vic
dp tt h quang.
c) C cu truyn ng ct CB
Truyn ng ct thng c hai cch: Bng tay v bng c in (in t, ng
c in).
iu kin bng tay c thc hin vi cc CB c dng in nh mc khng
ln hn 600A. iu khin bng in t (nam chm in) c ng dng cc CB
c dng in ln hn (n 1000A).
tng lc iu khin bng tay ngi ta dng mt tay di ph theo nguyn
l n by. Ngoi ra cn c cch iu khin bng ng c in hoc bng kh nn.
d) Mc bo v
CB t ng ct nh cc phn t bo v - gi l mc bo v, s tc ng khi
mch in c s c qu dng in (qu ti hay ngn mch) v st p.
Mc bo v qu dng in (cn gi l bo v dng in cc i) bo v
thit b in khong b qu ti v ngn mch, ng thi gian dng in ca mc
bo v phi nm di ng c tnh ca i tng cn bo v. Ngi ta thng
dng h thng in t v rle nhit lm mc bo v, t bn trong CB.
Mc kiu in t c cun dy mc ni tip vi mch chnh, cun dy ny
c qun tit din ln chu dng ti v t vng. Khi dng in vt qu tr s cho
php th phn ng b ht v nc s dp vo khp ri t do, lm tip im ca CB
m ra. iu chnh vt thay i lc khng l xo, ta c th iu chnh c tr s
dng in tc ng. gi thi gian trong bo v qu t kiu in t, ngi ta
thm mt c cu gi thi gian.
Mc kiu rle nhit n gin hn c, c kt cu tng t nh rle nhit c
phn t pht nng u ni tip vi mch in chnh, tm kim loi kp dn n lm
nh khp ri t do m tip im ca CB khi c qu ti. Kiu ny c nhc
im l qun tnh nhit ln nn khng ngt nhanh c dng in tng vt khi c
ngn mch, do ch bo v c dng in qu ti.
V vy ngi ta thng s dng tng hp c mc kiu in t v mc kiu
rle nhit trong mt CB. Loi ny c dung CB c dng in nh mc n
600A.
Mc bo v st p (cn gi l bo v in p thp) cng thng dung kiu
in t. Cun dy mc song song vi mnch in chnh, cun dy ny c qun t
vng vi dy tit din nh chu in p ngun.
2. Nguyn l hot ng
a) S nguyn l ca CB dng in cc i (hnh v 1.1)

Hnh 1.1 S CB dng in cc i
trng thi bnh thng sau khi ng in, CB c gi trng thi ng
tip im nh mc 2 khp vi mc 3 cng mt cm vi tip im ng.
Bt CB trng thi ON, vi dng in nh mc nam chm in 5 v phn
ng 4 khng ht .
Khi mch in qu ti hay ngn mch, lc ht in t nam chm in 5 ln
hn lc l xo 6 lm cho nam chm in 5 s ht phn ng 4 xung lm bt nh
mc 3, mc 5 c th t do, l xo 1 c th lng, kt qu cc tip im ca CB
c m ra, mch in b ngt.
b) S nguyn l CB in p thp (hnh 1.2)

Hnh 2.2: S CB in p thp

Bt CB trng thi ON, vi in p nh mc nam chm in 11 v phn
ng 10 ht li vi nhau.
Khi st p qu mc, nam chm in 11 s nh phn ng 10, l xo 9 ko mc
8 bt ln, mc 7 th t do, th lng, l xo 1 c th lng, kt qu cc tip im
ca CB c m ra, mch in b ngt.
3. Phn loi v cch la chn CB
Theo kt cu, ngi ta chia CB ra lm ba loi: mt cc, hai cc v ba cc.
Theo thi gian thao tc, ngi ta chia CB ra loi tc ng khng tc thi v
loi tc ng tc thi (nhanh).
Tu theo cng dng bo v, ngi ta chia CB ra cc loi: CB cc i theo
dng in, CB cc tiu theo in p. CB dng in ngc ...
Vic la chn CB ch yu da vo:
- Dng in tnh ton i trong mch.
- Dng in qu ti.
- CB thao tc phi c tnh chn lc.
Ngoi ra la chn CB cn phi cn c vo c tnh lm vic ca ph ti l
CB khng c php ct khi c qu ti ngn hn thng xy ra trong iu kin lm
vic bnh thng nh dng in khi ng, dng in nh trong ph ti cng
ngh.
Yu cu chung l dng in nh mc ca mc bo v I
CB
khng c b
hn dng in tnh ton I
tt
ca mch.
Tu theo c tnh v iu kin lm vic c th ca ph ti, ngi ta hng
dn la chn dng in nh mc ca mc bo v bng 125%, 150% hay ln hn
na so vi dng in tnh ton.
CU HI CHNG 3 PHN A
1. Cho bit cng dng, cu to, cc loi CB?
2. Hy nu nguyn l hot ng ca cc loi CB?
3. Cch chn CB?
B - CU CH
I. KHI NIM V YU CU
Cu ch l mt loi kh c in dng bo v thit b v li in trnh s
c ngn mch, thng dng bo v cho ng dy dn, my bin p, ng c
in, thit b in, mch in iu khin, mch in thp sng.
Cu ch c c im l n gin, kch thc b, kh nng ct ln v gi
thnh h nn c ng dng rng ri.
Cc tnh cht v yu cu ca cu ch:
- Cu ch c c tnh lm vic n nh, khng tc ng khi c dng in
m my v dng in nh mc lu di i qua.
- c tnh A s ca cu ch phi thp hn c tnh ca i tng bo v.
- Khi c s c ngn mch, cu ch tc ng phi c tnh chn lc.
- Vic thay th cu ch b chy phi d dng v tn t thi gian.
1. Cu to
Cu ch bao gm cc thnh phn sau:
+ Phn t ngt mch: y chnh l thnh phn chnh ca cu ch, phn t
ny phi c kh nng cm nhn c gi tr hiu dng c dng in qua n. Phn
t ny c gi tr in tr sut b (thng bng bc, ng hay cc vt liu dn c gi
tr in tr sut nh ln cn vi cc gi tr nu trn...). Hnh dng ca phn t c
th dng l mt dy (tit din trn), dng bng mng.
+ Thn ca cu ch: Thng bng thu tnh, ceramic (s gm) hay cc vt
liu khc tng ng. Vt liu to thnh thn ca cu ch phi m bo c hai
tnh cht:
- C bn c kh.
- C bn v iu kin dn nhit v chu ng c cc s thay i
nhit t ngt m khng h hng.
+ Vt liu lp y (bao bc quanh phn t ngt mch trong thn cu ch):
Thng bng vt liu Silicat dng ht, n phi c kh ngng hp th c nng
lng sinh ra do h quang v phi m bo tnh cch in khi xy ra hin tng
ngt mch.
+ Cc u ni: Cc thnh phn ny dng nh v c nh cu ch trn cc
thit b ng ngt mch; ng thi phi m bo tnh tip xc in tt.
2. Nguyn l hot ng
c tnh c bn ca cu ch l s ph thuc ca thi gian chy t vi dng
in chy qua (c tnh Ampe - giy). c tc dng bo v, ng Ampe giy
ca cu ch ti mi im phi thp hn c tnh ca i tng cn bo v.
+ i vi dng in nh mc ca cu ch: Nng lng sinh ra do hiu ng
Joule khi c dng in nh mc chy qua s to ra mi trng v khng gy nn
s nng chy, s cn bng nhit s c thit lp mt gi tr m khng gy s
gi ho hay ph hng bt c phn t no ca cu ch.
+ i vi dng in ngn mch ca cu ch: S cn bng trn cu ch b
ph hu, nhit nng trn cu ch tng cao v dn n s ph hu cu ch:
Ngi ta phn thnh hai giai on khi xy ra s ph hu cu ch:
- Qu trnh tin h quang (t
p
).
- Qu trnh sinh ra h quang (t
a
).

Trong : t
0
: Thi im bt u s c.
t
p
: Thi im chm dt giai on tin h quang.
t
t
: Thi im chm dt qu trnh pht sinh h quang.
* Qu trnh tin h quang: Gi s ti thi im t
0
pht sinh s qu dng,
trong khong thi gian t
p
lm nng chy cu ch v pht sinh ra h quang in.
Khong thi gian ny ph thuc vo gi tr dng in to nn do s c v s cm
bin ca cu ch.
* Qu trnh pht sinh h quang: Ti thi im t
p
h quang sinh ra cho n
thi im t
0
mi dp tt ton b h quang. Trong sut qu trnh ny, nng lng
t
p
t
a
t

Dng in
tin h quang
l

t

Dng in
phng on
Dng in trong
Qu trnh h quang
Thi gian tin h quang Thi gian sinh h quang
Thi gian ton b qu trnh
Gin thi gian ca qu trnh pht sinh h
quang
sinh ra do h quang lm nng chy cc cht lm y ti mi trng h quang sinh
ra; in p hai u cu ch hi phc li, mch in c ngt ra.
3. Phn loi, k hiu, cng dng
Cu ch dng trong li in h th c nhiu hnh dng khc nhau, trong s
nguyn l ta thng k hiu cho cu ch theo mt trong cc dng sau:

Cu ch c th chia thnh hai dng c bn, ty thuc vo nhim v:
+ Cu ch loi g: Cu ch dng ny ch c kh nng ngt mch, khi c s
c hay qu ti hay ngn mch xy ra trn ph ti.
+ Cu ch loi a: Cu ch dng ny ch c kh nng bo v duy nht trng
thi ngn mch trn ti.
Mun phn bit nhim v lm vic ca cu ch, ta cn cn c vo c tuyn
Ampe giy (l ng biu din m t mi quan h gia dng in qua cu ch v
thi gian ngt mch ca cu ch).
Gi I
CC
: Gi tr dng in ngn mch.
I
S
: Gi tr dng in qu ti.
Vi cu ch loi g: Khi c dng I
CC
qua mch n phi ngt mch tc th, v
khi c dng I
S
qua mch cu ch khng ngtm ch tc th m duy tr mt khong
thi gian mi ngt mch (thi gian ngt mch v gi tr dng I
S
t l nghch vi
nhau).
Do nu quan st hai c tnh Ampe giy ca hai loi cu ch a v g; ta
nhn thy c tnh Ampe giy ca cu ch loi a nm xa trc thi gian (trc tung)
v cao hn c tnh Ampe giy ca cu ch loi g.

c tnh Ampe giy ca cc loi cu ch
4. Cc c tnh in p ca cu ch
- in p nh mc l gi tr in p hiu dng xoay chiu xut hin hai
u cu ch (khi cu ch ngt mch), tn s ca ngun in trong phm vi 48Hz
n 62Hz..
- Dng in nh mc l gi tr hiu dng ca dng in xoay chiu m
cu ch c th ti lin tc thng xuyn m khng lm thay i c tnh ca n.
- Dng in ct cc tiu l gi tr nh nht ca dng in s c m dy ch
c kh nng ngt mch. Kh nng ct nh mc l gi tr cc i ca dodngf in
ngn mch m cu ch c th ct.
Sau y l cc v tr trn biu ca cc dng in khc nhau:

CU HI CHNG 3 PHN B

1. Nu cng dng ca cu ch?
2. Cho bit cu to ca cu ch gm cc thnh phn no?
3. Cu ch c my loi. Chc nng ca tng loi cu ch?

Cc c tnh ca
dng in
Cc c tnh ca
cu ch
Dng in
s dng
Dng in
ngn mch
Dng in
nh mc
Dng in
ct cc tiu
Dng in
ct gii hn
Kh nng
ct nh mc
C - THIT B CHNG DNG IN R
I. KHI NIM
C th ngi rt nhy cm vi dng in, v d: dng in nh hn 10mA
th ngi c cm gic kim chm; ln hn 10mA th cc c bp co qup; dng in
n 30mA a n tnh trng co tht, ngt th v cht ngi. Khi thit b in b
h hng r in, chm mt m ngi s dng tip xc vo s nhn dng in i
qua ngi xung t in p ngun. Trong trng hp ny, CB v cu ch khng
th tc ng ngt ngun in vi thit b, gy nguy him cho ngi s dng.
Nu trong mch in c s dng thit b chng dng in r th ngi s
dng s trnh c tai nn do thit b ny ngt ngun in ngay khi dng in r
xut hin.
1. Cu to
Thit b chng dng in r hot ng trn nguyn l bo v so lch, c
thc hin trn c s cn bng gia tng dng in vo v tng dng in i ra tit
b tiu th in.
Khi thit b tiu th in b r in, mt phn ca dng in c r nhnh
xung t, l dng in r. Khi c dng in v theo ng dy trung tnh rt
nh v rle so lch s d tm s mt cn bng ny v iu khin ct mch in nh
thit b bo v so lch.
Thit b bo v so lch gm hai phn t chnh:
- Mch in t dng hnh xuyn m trn c qun cc cun dy ca
phn cng sut (dy c tit din ln), chu dng cung cp cho thit b tiu th in.
- Rle m mch cung cp c iu khin bi cun dy o lng (dy c
tit din b) cng c t trn hnh xuyn ny, n tc ng ngt cc cc.
a) i vi h thng in mt pha

Ch thch:
- I
1
: Ddng in i vo thit
b tiu th in.
- I
2
: Dng in i t thit b
tiu th in ra.
- I
sc
: Dng in s c.
- I
n
: Dng in i qua c th
ngi.
- 1: Thit b o lng s cn
bng.
- 2: C cu nh.
- 3: Li t hnh vnh xuyn.

Trng hp thit b in khng
c s c:
2 1
I I

=
Trng hp s c:
sc 2 1
I I I

=

2 1
I I

do xut hin mt
s cn bng trong hh xuyn t,
dn n cm ng mt dng in
trong cun dy d tm, a n
tc ng rle v kt qu lm m
mch in.
b) i vi h thng in ba pha

Ch thch:
- I
1
: Dng in i qua
pha 1.
- I
2
: Dng in i qua
pha 2.
- I
3
: Dng in i qua pha 3.
- I
0
: Dng in i qua dy trung tnh.
- 1: C cu nh.
- 2: Li t hnh vnh xuyn.

Trng hp thit b in khng c s c: 0 I I I I
0 3 2 1
= = = =

. T thng tng
trong mch t hnh xuyn bng 0, do s khng c dng in cm ng trong
cun dy d tm.
Trng hp thit b c s c: 0 I I I I
0 3 2 1
=

. T thng tng trong mch t
hnh xuyn khng bng 0, do s c dng in cm ng trong cun dy d tm,
vy cun dy d tm s tc ng m cc cc in.
c) Phn loi RCD theo cc ca h thng in.

RCD tc ng tc thi v RCD tc ng c thi gian tr.
III. S TC NG CA THIT B CHNG DNG IN R
1. S tc ng tin cy ca RCD
- RCD tc ng nhy v tin cy.
- Dng in tc ng r thc t lun thp hn dng tc ng r danh nh
(ghi trn nhn hiu ca RCD) khong 20 40% khi dng in r xut hin tng
dn hay t ngt.
- Thi gian tc ng thc t u nh hn thi gian tc ng c nh sn
xut quy nh (ghi trn nhn hiu) khong 20 80%. Thng thng thi gian tc
ng ct mch c ghi trn nhn hiu ca RCD l 0,1s v thi gian tc ng ct
mch thc t nm trong khong 0,02 0,08s.
2. S tc ng c tnh chn lc ca RCD bo v h thng in s in.
- Khi xut hin dng in r ln on ng dy in hoc ph ti,
RCD c lp t gn nht s tc ng ct mch, tch on dy hoc ph ti b r
RCD 4 RCD 3 RCD 2
in ra khi h thng cung cp in. Nh vy m bo tnh chn lc, vic cung cp
in khng nh hng n phn cn li.
- Nu RCD lp t khng ng yu cu k thut th RCD s khng tc
ng ct mch khi xut hin dng in r phn ng dy hay ph ti tng ng
vi chng, hoc tc ng khng ng yu cu ra.
a) Kh nng chn lc tng hp
Kh nng chn lc tng hp l nhm loi tr duy nht thit b c s c.
t c kh nng ny phi tho mn hai iu kin:
- Dng in so lch d nh mc ca RCD pha trn phi c gi tr ln
hn dng in so lch d nh mc ca RCD pha di.
- Thi gian ti thiu khng lm vic ca RCD pha trn phi c gi tr
ln hn thi gian ti thiu khng lm vic ca RCD pha di.
b) Kh nng chn lc tng phn
Tnh chn lc c gi l tng phn v n khng tip snhn i vi mt s
gi tr dng in s c. Tnh chn lc c tho mm khi cc h qu ca mt s s
c c th ko theo ngt in tng phn hay ngt in ton b h thng cung cp
in.
V d v chn lc tng phn:

H thng cung cp in cng nghip vi kh nng chn lc tng 3 mc
chm (tr) mc 1: chm 200ms; mc 2: chm 50ms; mc 3 khng c thi gian tr.
CU HI CHNG 3 PHN C
1. Trnh by cu to v nguyn l hot ng ca thit b chng r.
2. Trnh by s tc ng ca thit b chng dng in r.
Chng 4: KH C IN IU KHIN BNG TAY
I. CU DAO
1. Khi qut v cng dng
Cu dao l mt kh c in dng ng ct mch in bng tay, c s
dng trong cc mch in c ngun di 500V, dng in nh mc c th ln ti
vi KA.
Khi thao tc ng ngt mch in, cn m bo an ton cho thit b dng
in. Bn cnh, cn c bin php dp tt h quang in, tc di chuyn li dao
cng nhanh th h quang ko di nhanh, thi gian dp tt h quang cng ngn. V
vy khi ng ngt mch in, cu dao cn phi thc hin mt cch dt khot.
Thng thng, cu dao c b tr i cng vi cu ch bo v ngn mch
cho mch in.
2. Cu to, nguyn l hot ng v phn loi
a) Cu to
Phn chnh ca cu dao l li dao vh thng kp li, c lm bng hp
kim ca ng, ngoi ra b phn ni dy cng lm bng hp kim ng.

b) Nguyn l hot ng ca cu dao ct nhanh
Khi thao tc trn cu dao, nh vo li dao v h thng kp li, mch in
c ng ngt. Trong qu trnh ngt mch, cu dao thng xy ra h quang in
ti u li dao v im tip xc trn h thng kp li. Ngi s dng cn phi
ko li dao ra khi kp nhanh dp tt h quang.
Do tc ko bng tay khng th nhanh c nn ngi ta lm thm li
dao ph. Lc dn in th li dao ph cng li dao chnh c kp trong ngm.
Khi ngt in, tay ko li dao chnh l trc cn li dao c ko cng ra v ti
mt mc no s bt nhanh ko li dao ph ra khi ngm mt cch nhanh
chng. Do , h quang c ko di nhanh v h quang b dp tt trong thi gian
ngn.

c) Phn loi
Phn loi cu dao da vo cc yu t sau:
- Theo kt cu: cu dao c chia lm loi mt cc, hai cc, ba cc hoc
bn cc.
- Cu dao c tay nm gia hoc tay bn. Ngoi ra cn c cu dao mt
ng, hai ng c dng o ngun cung cp cho mch v o chiu quay ng
c.
- Theo in p nh mc: 250V, 500V.
- Theo dng in nh mc: dng in nh mc ca cu dao c cho
trc bi nh sn xut (thng l cc loi 10A, 15A, 20A, 25A, 30A, 60A, 75A,
100A, 150A, 200A, 350A, 600A, 1000A...).
- Theo vt liu cch in: c loi s, nha, .
- Theo iu kin bo v: loi c np v khng c np (loi khng c np
c t trong hp hay t iu khin).
- Theo yu cu s dng: loi cu dao c cu ch bo v ngn mch hoc
khng c cu ch bo v.
K hiu cu dao khng c cu ch bo v:

Mt cc Hai cc Ba cc Bn cc
K hiu cu dao c cu ch bo v:

d) Cc thng s nh mc ca cu dao
Chn cu dao theo dng in nh mc v in p nh mc:
Gi I
tt
l dng in tnh ton ca mch in.
U
ngun
l in p ngun ca li in s dng.
I
m

cu dao
= I
tt

U
m cu dao
= U
ngun

II. CNG TC
Cng tc l kh c in dng ng ngt mch in c cng sut nmh v
c dng in nh mc nh hn 6A. Cng tc thng c hp bo v trnh s
phng in khi ng m. in p ca cng tc nh hn hay bng 500V.
Cng tc hp lm vic chc chn hn cu dao, dp tt h quang nhanh hn v
thao tc ngt nhanh v dt khot hn cu dao.
Mt s cng tc thng gp:

Cng tc hnh trnh Cng tc ba pha Cng tc ba pha hai ng

2. Phn loi v cu to
a) Cu to
Cu to ca cng tc: phn chnh l tip im ng m c gn trn
nha v c l xo thao tc chnh xc.
b) Phn loi
Mt cc Hai cc Ba cc Bn cc
Phn loi theo cng dng lm vic, c cc loi cng tc sau:
- Cng tc ng ngt trc tip.
- Cng tc chuyn mch (cng tc xoay, cng tc o, cng tc vn nng),
dng ng ngt chuyn i mch in, i ni sao tam gic cho ng c.
- Cng tc hnh trnh v cui hnh trnh, loi cng tc ny c p dng
trong cc my ct gt kim loi iu khin t ng ho hnh trnh lm vic ca
mch in.
3. Cc thng s nh mc ca cng tc
U
m
: in p nh mc ca cng tc.
I
m
: Dng in nh mc ca cng tc.
Ngoi ra cn c cc thong s trong vic th cng t nh bn c kh,
cch in, phng in
4. Cc yu cu th ca cng tc
Vic kim tra cht lng cng tc phi th cc bc sau:
- Th xuyn thng: t in p 1500V trong thi gian mt pht cc
im cn cch in gia chng.
- Th cch in: o in tr cch in < 2M.
- Th pht nng.
- Th cng sut ct.
- Th bn c kh.
- Th nhit i vi cc chi tit cch in: cc chi tit cch in phi
chu ng 100
0
C trong thi gian hai gi m khng b bin dng hoc si nhm.
III. NT NHN
Nt nhn cn gi l nt iu khin l mt loi kh c in dung ng ngt
t xa cc thit b in t khc nhau: cc dng c bo hiu v cng chuyn i
mch in iu khin, tn hiu lin ng bo v mch in mt chiu in p
n 440V v mch in xoay chiu in p 500V, tn s 50Hz, 60Hz, nt nhn
thng dng khi ng, o chiu quay ng c in bng cch ng v ngt cc
cun dy ca Contactor ni cho ng c.
Nt nhn thng c t trn bng iu khin, t in, trn hp nt nhn.
Nt nhn thng c nghin cu, ch to lm vic trong mi trng khng m
t, khng c hi ho cht v bi bn.
Nt nhn c th bn ti 1.000.000 ln ng khng ti v 200.000 ln ng
ngt c ti. Khi thao tc nhn nt cn phi dt khot m hoc ng mch in.
2. Phn loi v cu to
a) Cu to
Nt nhn gm h thng l xo, h thng cc tip im thng h - thng
ng v v bo v.
Khi tc ng vo nt nhn, cc tip im chuyn trng thi: khi khng cn
tc ng, cc tip im tr v trng thi ban u.
b) Phn loi
Nt nhn c phn loi theo cc yu t sau:
- Phn loi theo chc nng trng thi hot ng ca nt nhn, c cc loi:
+ Nt nhn n:
Mi nt nhn ch c mt trng thi (ON hoc OFF)
K hiu:

Tip im thng h Tip im thng ng
+ Nt nhn kp:
Mi nt nhn c hai trng thi (ON v OFF)
K hiu:

Tip im thng h
Lin kt
Tip im thng ng

Trong thc t, d dng s dng vo tho rp lp ln trong qu trnh sa
cha, thng ngi ta dng nt nhn kp, ta c th dng n nh l dng nt nhn
ON hay OFF.
- Phn loi theo hnh dng bn ngoi, ngi ta chia nt nhn ra thnh 4
loi:
+ Loi h
+ Loi bo v.
+ Loi bo v chng nc v chng bi.
Nt nhn kiu bo v chng nc c t trong mt hp kn kht trnh
nc lt vo.
+ Loi bo v khi n.
Nt nhn kiu chng ni dng trong cc hm l, m thanh hoc ni c cc
kh n ln trong khng kh. Cu to ca n c bit kn kht khng lt c tia la
ra ngoi v c bit vng chc khng b ph v khi n.
- Theo yu cu iu khin ngi ta chia nt n ra 3 loi: mt nt, hai nt,
ba nt.
- Theo kt cu bn trong:
+ Nt n loi c n bo.
+ Nt n loi khng c n bo.
3. Cc thng s k thut ca nt nhn
U
m
: in p nh mc ca nt nhn.
I
m
: dng in nh mc ca nt nhn.
Tr s in p nh mc ca nt nhn thng c gi tr 500V.
Tr s dng in nh mc ca nt nhn thng c gi tr 5A.
IV. PHCH CM V CM IN
cm v phch cm c dng cp in, ni chuyn tip trong sinh hot
hng ngy.
Thng thng, cm v phch cm c ch to in p 250V, dng in
nh mc 10A, nn dy ni in l:
- i vi phch cm: ti thiu 0,75mm
2
, ti a 1mmm
2
.
- i vi cm: ti thiu 1mm
2
, ti a 2,5mm
2
.
V. IN TR - BIN TR
1. Khi qut cng dng
in tr dng thay i cc gi tr trong mch in cc gi tr ph
hp vi iu kin vn hnh hay ch lm vic ca cc ng c in.
Bin tr l in tr nhng c th thay i c gi tr ca n nh cc cn gt
hoc nm vn. C cc loi in tr thng dng: in tr m my v in tr iu
chnh, in tr hm, in tr phng in...
- in tr m my l in tr c s dng khi m my ng c nhm
hn ch dng in khi ng cho cc ng c c cng sut trung bnh v ln
(phng php m my gin tip) nhm trnh st p trn li in v bo v ng
c pht nng qu nhit cho php khi c dng khi ng ln (P = 10KV).
- in tr iu chnh: iu chnh dng in trong mch kch thch hay
mch phn ng ca ng c in mt chiu nhm thay i tc quay ca n.
- in tr hm nhm gim dng in khi hm ng c.
- in tr phng in gim in p khi c s bin thin t ngt nhm
gim s phng in xy ra trong qu trnh bin thin ny.
2. Cu to
Bin tr c cu to bng cc dy Kim loi Al, Zn, hp kim ng, thng
c qun trn cc li t (hnh tr trn hnh xuyn).
Bin tr cng c th l thanh kim loi c a ra cc u dy theo cc gi
tr nh trc. Bin tr n c th ghp thnh bin tr i.
Cc gi tr ln nht v nh nht c ghi r trn bin tr.

CU HI CHNG 4
1. Cu dao: nu cng dng, cch phn loi, k hiu, nguyn tc hot
ng, cch la chn.
2. Cng tc: cng dng, phn loi, cch la chn.
3. Nt nhn: nu cng dng, phn loi, k hiu, cch la chn.
4. in tr, bin tr: cng dng, phn loi, cu to in tr, bin tr.

CHNG 5: KH C IN IU KHIN MCH IN
A CONTACTOR
I. KHI NIM
Contactor l mt kh c in dng ng ngt cc tip im, to lin lc
trong mch in bng nt nhn. Nh vy khi s dng Contactor ta c th iu
khin mch in t xa c ph ti vi in p n 500V v dng l 600A (v tr iu
khin, trng thi hot ng ca Contactor rt xa v tr cc tip im ng ngt
mch in).
Phn loi Contactor tu theo cc c im sau:
- Theo nguyn l truyn ng: ta c Contactor kiu in t (truyn in
bng lc ht in t), kiu hi p, kiu thu lc. Thng thng s dng Contactor
kiu in t.
- Theo dng dng in: Contactor mt chiu v Contactor xoay chiu
(Contactor 1 pha v 3 pha).
II. CU TO V NGUYN L HOT NG.
1. Cu to
Contactor c cu to gm cc thnh phn: C cu in t (nam chm
in), h thng dp h quang, h thng tip im (tip im chnh v ph).
a) Nam chm in:
Nam chm in gm c 4 thnh phn:
- Cun dy dng to ra lc ht nam chm.
- Li st (hay mch t) ca nam chm gm hai phn: Phn c nh v
phn np di ng. Li thp nam chm c th c dng EE, EI hay dng CI.
- L xo phn lc c tc dng y phn np di ng tr v v tr ban y
khi ngng cung cp in vo cun dy.

Trng thi nam chm cha ht Trng thi nam chm to lc ht
b) H thng dp h quang in:
Khi Contactor chuyn mch, h quang in s xut hin lm cc tip im b
chy, mn dn. V vy cn c h thng dp h quang gm nhiu vch ngn lm
bng kim loi t cnh bn hai tip im tip xc nhau, nht l cc tip im
chnh ca Contactor.
c) H thng tip im ca Contactor
H thng tip im lin h vi phn li t di ng qua b phn lin ng v
c. Tu theo kh nng ti dn qua cc tip im, ta c th chia cc tip im cu
Contactor thnh hai loi:
- Tip im chnh: C kh nng cho dng in ln i qua (t 10A n vi
nghn A, th d khong 1600A hay 2250A). Tip im chnh l tip i thng h
ng li khi cp ngun vo mch t ca Contactor lm mch t Contactor ht li.
- Tip im ph: C kh nng cho dng in i qua cc tip im nh hn
5A. Tip im ph c hai trng thi: Thng ng v thng h.
Tip im thng ng l loi tip im trng thi ng (c lin lc vi
nhau gia hai tip im) khi cun dy nam chm trong Contactor trng thi ngh
(khng c cung cp in). Tip im ny h ra khi Contactor trng thi hot
ng. Ngc li l tip im thng h.
Nh vy, h thng tip im chnh thng c lp trong mch in ng
lc, cn cc tip im ph s lp trong h thng mch iu khin (dng iu khin
vic cung cp in n cc cun dy nam chm ca cc Contactor theo quy trnh
nh trc).
Theo mt s kt cu thng thng ca Contactor, cc tip e ph c th
c lin kt c nh v s lng trong mi b Contactor, tuy nhin cng c mt
vi nh sn xut ch b tr c nh s tip im chnh trn mi Contactor, cn cc
tip im ph c ch to thnh nhng khi ri n l. Khi cn s dng ta ch
ghp thm vo trn Contactor, s lng tip im ph trong trng hp ny c th
b tr tu .
2. Nguyn l hot ng ca Contactor

Khi cp ngun in bng gi tr in p nh mc ca Contactor vo hai u
ca cun dy qun trn phn li t c nh th lc t to ra ht phn li t di ng
hnh thnh mch t kn (lc t ln hn phn lc ca l xo), Contactor trng thi
hot ng. Lc ny nh vo b phn lin ng v c gia li t di ng v h
thng tip im lm cho tip im chnh ng li, tip im ph chuyn i trng
thi (thng ng s m ra, thng h s ng li) v duy tr trng thi ny. Khi
ngng cp ngun cho cun dy th Contactor trng thi ngh, cc tip im tr v
trng thi ban u.
Cc k hiu dng biu din cho cun dy (nam chm in) trong
Contactor v cc loi tip im.
C nhiu tiu chun ca cc quc gia khc nhau, dng biu din cho cun
dy v tip dim ca Contactor
Cun dy Tip im thng ng Tip im thng h

III. CC THNG S C BN CA CONTACTOR
1. in p nh mc
in p nh mc ca Contactor U
m
l in p ca mch in tng ng m
tip im chnh phi ng ngt, chnh l in p t vo hai u cun dy ca nam
chm in sao cho mch t ht li.
Cun dy ht c th lm vic bnh thng in p trong gii hn (85
105)% in p nh mc ca cun dy. Thng s ny c ghi trn nhn t hai
u cun dy Contactor, c cc cp in p nh mc: 110V, 220V, 440V mt
chiu v 127V, 220V, 380V, 500V xoay chiu.
2. Dng in nh mc
Dng in nh mc ca Contactor I
m
l dng in nh mci qua tip
im chnh trong ch lm vic lu di.
Dng in nh mc ca Contactor h p thng dng c cc cp l: 10A,
20A, 25A, 40A, 60A, 75A, 100A, 150A, 250A, 300A, 600A. Nu t trong t in
th dng in nh mc phi ly thp hn 10% v lm km mt, dng in cho
php qua Contactor cn phi ly thp hn na trong ch lm vic di hn.
3. Kh nng ct v kh nng ng
Kh nng ct ca Contactor in xoay chiu t bi s n 10 ln dng in
nh mc vi ph ti in cm.
Kh nng ng: Contactor in xoay chiu dng khi ng ng c in
cn phi c kh nng ng t 4 n 7 ln I
m
.
4. Tui th ca Contactor
Tui th ca Contactor c tnh bng s ln ng m , sau s ln ng m
y th Contactor s b hng v khng dng c.
5. Tn s thao tc
L s ln ng ct Contactor trong mt gi: C cc cp: 30, 100, 120, 150,
300, 600, 1200, 1500 ln/gi.
6. Tnh n nh lc in ng
Tip im chnh ca Contactor cho php mt dng in ln i qua (khong
10 ln dng in nh mc) m lc in ng khng lm tc ri tip im th
Contactor c tnh n nh lc in ng.
7. Tnh n nh nhit
Contactor c tnh n nh nhit ngha l khi c dng in ngn mch chy
qua trong mt khong thi gian cho php, cac tip im khng b nng chy v hn
dnh li.

CU HI CHNG 5 PHN A
1. Nu cu to v nguyn l hot ng ca Contactor.
2. Phn bit cc loi tip im c trong Contactor.
3. Cho bit ch lm vic ca Contactor xoay chiu.
4. Cho bit ch lm vic ca Contactor mt chiu.

B RLE IU KHIN V BO V
I. KHI QUT V PHN LOI
Rle v kh c in dng t ng ng ct mch iu khin, bo v v
iu khin s lm vic ca mch in.
C nhiu cch phn loi rle:
* Phn loi theo nguyn l lm vic c:
- Rle in t.
- Rle in ng.
- Rle t in.
- Rle cm ng.
- Rle nhit.
- Rle bn dn v vi mch.
* Phn loi theo vai tr v i lng tc ng ca rle c:
- Rle trung gian.
- Rle thi gian.
- Rle nhit.
- Rle tc .
- Rle tc .
- Rle dng in.
- Rle in p.
- Rle cng sut.
- Rle tng tr.
- Rle tn s...
* Phn loi theo dng in c:
- Rle dng in mt chiu.
- Rle dng in xoay chiu.
* Phn loi theo gi tr v chiu ca i lng i vo Rle.
- Rle cc i.
- Rle cc tiu.
- Rle sai lch.
- Rle hng...
II. MT S LOI RLE THNG DNG
1. Rle trung gian
a) Khi nim v cu to
Rle trung gian l mt kh c in dng trong lnh vc iu khin t ng,
c cu kiu in t. Rle trung gian ng vai tr iu khin trung gian gi cc thit
b iu khin (Contactor, Rle thi gian...).
Rle trung gian gm: Mch t ca nam chm in, h thng tip im chu
dng in nh (5A), v bo v v cc chn ra tip im.
b) Nguyn l hot ng
Nguyn l hot ng ca Rle trung gian tng t nh nguyn l hot ng
ca Contactor. Khi cp in p bng gi tr in p nh mc vo hai u cun dy
ca Rle trung gian (ghi trn nhn), lc in t ht mch t kn li, h thng tip
im chuyn i trng thi v duy tr trng thi ny (tip im thng ng h ra,
tip im thng h ng li). Khi ngng cp ngun, mch t h, h thng tip
im tr v trng thi ban u.
im khc bit gia Contactor v Rle c th tm lc nh sau:
- Trong Rle ch c duy nht mt loi tip im c kh nng ti dng in
nh, s dng cho mch iu khin (tip im ph).
- Trong Rle cng c cc loi tip im thng ng v tip im thng
h, tuy nhin cc tip im khng c bung dp h quang (khc vi h thng tip
im chnh trong Contactor hay CB).
Cc k hiu dng cho Rle trung gian:
Trong qu trnh lp rp cc mch iu khin dng Rle hay trong mt s
mch in t cng nghip, ta thng gp cc k hiu sau y:
- K hiu SPDT:
K hiu ny c vit tt t thut ng SING POLE DOUBLE THROW,
Rle mang k hiu ny c mt cp tip im, gm tip im thng ng v
thng h, cp tip i ny c mt u chung.

SPDT SPST DPST

- K hiu SPST:
K hiu ny c vit tt t thut ng SING POLE SINGE THROW, Rle
mang k hiu ny gm c mt tip im thng h.
- K hiu DPST c vit tt t thut ng DOUBLE POLE SINGE
THROW, Rle mang k hiu ny gm c hai tip im thng h.
Ngoi ra, cc Rle khi c lp ghp trong t iu khin thng c lp
trn cc chn ra. Tu theo s lng chn ra c cc ku khc nhau: 8 chn,
11 chn, 14 chn...
2. Rle thi gian
a) Khi nim
Rle thi gian l mt kh c in dng trong lnh vc iu khin t ng, vi
vai tr iu khin trung gian gia cc thit b iu khin theo thi gian nh trc.
Rle thi gian gm: Mch t ca nam chm in, b nh thi gian lm bng
linh kin in t, h thng tip im chu dng in nh ( 5A), v bo v cc
chn ra tip im.
Tu theo yu cu s dng khi lp rp h thng mch iu khin truyn ng,
ta c hai loi Rle thi gian: Rle thi gian ON DELAY, Rle thi gian OFF
DELAY.
b) Rle thi gian ON DELAY.
K hiu:
- Cun dy Rle thi gian: hoc
in p t vo hai u cun dy Rle thi gian c ghi trn nhn, thng
thng 110V, 220V...
- H thng tip im:
Tip im tc ng khng tnh thi gain: Tip im ny hot ng tng t
cc tip im ca Rle trung gian.

Thng ng: hoc

Thng m: hoc
Tip im tc ng c tnh thi gian:
Tip im thng m, ng chm, m nhanh: hoc
TR
TR
TR
TR
TR
TR
TR
TR
TR
TR

Tip im thng ng, m chm, ng nhanh: hoc
* Nguyn l hot ng:
Khi cp ngun vo cun dy ca Rle thi gian ON DELAY, cc tip i tc
ng khng tnh thi gian chuyn i trng thi tc thi (thng g h ra, thng
h ng li), cc tip i tc ng c tnh thi gian khng i. Sau khong thi
gain nh trc, cc tip im tc ng c tnh thi gian s chuyn trng thi v
duy tr trng thi ny.
Khi ngng cp ngun vo cun dy, tt c cc tip im tc thi tr v trng
thi ban u.
Sau y l s chn ca Rle thi gian ON DELAY:

b) Rle thi gian OFF DELAY
K hiu:
- Cun dy Rle thi gian: hoc
in p t vo hai u cun dy Rle thi gian c ghi trn nhn, thng
thng 110V, 220V...
- H thng tip im:
Tip im tc ng khng tnh thi gain: Tip im ny hot ng tng t
cc tip im ca Rle trung gian.

Thng ng: hoc

Thng m: hoc
Tip im tc ng c tnh thi gian:
Tip im thng m, ng chm, m nhanh: hoc
Ngun
TR
TR
TR
TR
TR
TR
TR
TR
TR
TR

Tip im thng ng, m chm, ng nhanh: hoc
* Nguyn l hot ng:
Khi cp ngun vo cun dy ca Rle thi gian OFF DELAY, cc tip im
tc ng tc thi v duy tr trng thi ny.
Khi ngng cp ngun vo cun dy, tt c cc tip im tc ng khng tnh
thi gian tr v trng thi ban u. Tip sau mt khong thi gian nh trc,
cc tip im tc ng c tnh thi gian s chuyn v trng thi ban u.
3. Rle nhit (Over Load OL)
a) Khi nim v cu to:
Rle nhit l mt loi kh c bo v ng c v mch in khi c s c
qu ti. Rle nhit khng tc ng tc thi theo tr s dng in v n c qun tnh
nhit ln, phi c thi gian pht nng, do n lm vic c thi gain t vi giy
n vi pht.

Phn t pht nng 1 c u ni tip vi mch ng lc bi vt 2 v m
phin lng kim 3. Vt 6 trn gi nha cch in 5 dng iu chnh mc un
cong u t do ca phin 3. Gi 5 xoay quanh trc 4, tu theo tr s dng in chy
qua phn t pht nng m phin lng kim cong nhiu hay t, y vo vt 6 lm
xoay gi 5 m ngm n by 9. Nh tc dng l xo 8, y n by 9 xoay
quanh trc 7 ngc chiu kim ng h lm m tip im ng 11 khi tip im
tnh 12. Nt nhn 10 Reset Rle nhit v v tr ban u sau khi phin lng kim
ngui tr v v tr ban u.
b) Nguyn l hot ng:
Nguyn l chung ca Rle nhit l da trn c s tc dng nhit lm dn n
phin kim loi kp. Phin kim loi kp gm hai l kim loi c h s gin n khc
nhau (h s gin n hn km nhau 20 ln) ghp cht vi nhau thnh mt phin
bng phng php cn nng hoc hn. Khi c dng in qu ti i qua, phin
lng kim c t nng, un cong v pha kim loi c h s gin n b, y cn
gt lm l xo co li v chuyn i h thng tip im ph.
Rle nhit lm vic tr li, phi i phin kim loi ngui v ko cn
Reset ca Rle nhit.

c) Phn loi Rle nhit:
Theo kt cu Rle nhit chia thnh hai loi: Kiu h v kiu kn.
Theo yu cu s dng: Loi mt cc v hai cc.
Theo phng thc t nng:
- t nng trc tip: Dng in i qua trc tip tm kim loi kp. Loi
ny c cu to n gin, nhng khi thay i dng in nh mc phi thay i tm
kim loi kp, loi ny khng tin dng.
- t nng gin tip: Dng in i qua phn t t nng c lp, nhit
lng to ra gin tip lm tm kim loi cong ln. Loi ny c u im l mun
thay i dng in nh mc ta ch cn thay i phn t t nng. Nhc dim ca
loi ny l khi c qu ti ln, phn t t nng c th t n nhit kh cao
nhng v khng kh truyn nhit km, nn tm kim loi cha kp tc c m phn
t t nng b chy t.
- t nng hn hp: Loi ny tng i tt v va t trc tip va t
gin tip. N c tnh n nh nhit tng i cao v c th lm vic bi s qu ti
ln.
d) Chn la Rle nhit
c tnh c bn ca Rle nhit l quan h gia dng in ph ti chy qua
v thi gian tc ng ca n (gi l c tnh thi gian dng in, A - s). Mt
khc, m bo yu cu gi c tui th lu di ca thit b theo ng s liu k
thut cho ca nh sn xut, cc i tng bo v cng cn c tnh thi gian
dng in.
La chn ng Rle l sao cho ng c tnh A s ca Rle gn st ng
c tnh A s ca i tng cn bo v. Nu chn thp qu s khng tn dng
c cng sut ca ng c in, chn cao qu s lm gim tui th ca thit b
cn bo v.
Trong thc t, cch la chn ph hp l chn dng in nh mc ca Rle
nhit bng dng in nh mc ca ng c in cn bo v, Rle s tc ng
gi tr (1,2 1,3)I
m
. Bn cnh, ch lm vic ca ph ti v nhit mi trng
xung quanh phi c xem xt.

4. Rle dng in:
- Dng bo v qu ti v ngn mch.
- Cun dy ht c t vng v qun bg dy to mc ni tip vi mch in
vn bo v, thit b thng ng ngt trn mch iu khin.
- Khi dng in ng c tng ln n tr s tc ng ca Rle, lc ht
nam chm thng lc cn l xo lm m tip im ca n, ngt mch in iu khin
qua cng tc t K, m cc tip im ca n tch ng c ra khi li.

5. Rle in p
- Dng bo v st p mch in.
- Cun dy ht qun bng dy nh nhiu vng mc song song vi mch
in cn bo v. Khi in p bnh thng, Rle tc ng s lm nng tip im ca
n. Khi in p st thp di mc quy nh, lc l xo thng lc ht ca nam chm
v m tip im.
6. Rle vn tc


- Lm vic theo nguyn tc phn ng in t c dng trong cc mch
hm ca ng c.
- Rle c mc ng trc vi ng c v mch iu khin. Khi c
quay, nam chm vnh cu quay theo. T trng ca n qut ln cc thanh dn s
sinh ra sut in ng v dng in cm ng. Dng in ny nm trong t trng
s sinh ra sut in ng v dng in cm ng. Dng in ny nm trong t
trng s sinh ra lc in t lm cho phn ng quay, di chuyn cn tip im n
ng tip im ca n. Khi tc ng c gim nh gn bng khng, lc in t
yu i, trng lng cn tip im a n v v tr c v m tip im ca n.
- Rle vn tc thng dng trong cc mch iu khin hm ngc ng
c.
CU HI CHNG 5 PHN B
1. Nu khi nim, cu to v nguyn l hot ng ca Rle trung gian.
2. Nu khi nim, cu to v nguyn l hot ng ca Rle thi gian
(ON DELAY v OFF DELAY).
3. Nu khi nim, cu to v nguyn l hot ng ca Rle nhit.
C KHI NG T
I. KHI QUT V CNG DNG
Khi ng t l mt loi kh c in dng iu khin t xa vic ng -
ngt, o chiu v bo v qu ti (nu c lp thm rle nhit) cc ng c khng
ng b ba pha rto lng sc.
Khi ng t c mt Contactor gi l khi ng t n thng ng -
ngt ng c in. Khi ng t c hai Contactor l khi ng t kp dng thay
i chiu quay ca ng c gi l khi ng t o chiu. Mun bo v ngn mch
phi lp thm cu ch.
II. CC YU CU K THUT
ng c in khng ng b ba pha c th lm vic lin tc c hay khn
gtu thuc vo mc tin cy ca khi ng t. Do kh ng t cn phi tho
mn cc yu cu k thut sau:
- Tip im c bn chu mi mn cao.
- Kh nng ng - ct cao.
- Thao tc ng - ct dt khot.
- Tiu th cng sut t nht.
- Bo v ng c khng b qu ti lu di (c Rle nhit).
- Tho mn iu khi ng (dng in khi ng t 5 n 7 ln dng in
nh mc).
III. KT CU V NGUYN L LM VIC
1. Khi ng t thng c phn chia theo:
- in p nh mc ca cun hy ht: 36V, 127V, 220V, 380V, 500V.
- Kt cu bo v chng cc tc ng bi mi trng xung quanh: h, bo
v, chng bi, nc n
- Kh nng lm bin i chiu quay ng c in: Khng o chiu quay
v o chiu quay.
- S lng v loi tip im: Thng h, thng ng.
2. Nguyn l lm vic ca khi ng t
a) Khi ng t v hai nt nhn:
Khi cung cp in p cho cun dy bng nhn nt khi ng M, cun hy
Contactor c in ht li thp di ng v mch t khp kn li: Lm ng cc tip
i chnh khi ng ng c v ng tip im ph thng h duy tr mch
iu khin khi bung tay khi nt nhn khi ng. Khi nhn nt dng D, khi
ng t b ngt in, di tc dng ca l xo nn lm phn li di ng tr v v tr
ban u; cc tip im tr v trng thi thng h. ng c dng hot ng. Khi
c s c qu ti ng c, Rle nhit s thao tc lm ngt mch in cun dy, do
cng ngt khi ng t v dng ng c in.
S :

b) Khi ng t o chiu v ba nt nhn
Khi nhn nt nhn M
T
cun dy Contactor T c in ht li thp di ng v
mch t khp kin li; lm ng cc tip im chnh T khi ng ng c quay
theo chiu thun v ng tip im ph thng h T duy tr mch iu khin
khi bung tay khi nt nhn khi ng M
T
.
o chiu quay ng c, ta nhn nt nhn M
N
cun dy Contactor T mt
in, cun dy Contactor N c in ht li thp di ng v mch t khp kn li;
lm ng cc tip im chnh N, lc ny trn mch ng lc o hai dy trong ba
pha in lm cho ng c o chiu quay ngc li v tip im ph thng h N
duy tr mch iu khin khi bung tay khi nt nhn khi ng M
N
.
Qu trnh o chiu quay c lp li nh trn.
Khi nhn nt dng D, khi ng t N (hoc T) b ngt in, ng c dng
hot ng.
Khi c s c qu ti ng c, Rle nhit s thao tc lm ngt mch in cun
dy, do cng ngt khi ngt v dng ng c in.
S :

IV. LA CHN V LP DP KHI NG T
Hin nay nc ta, ng c khng ng b ba pha rto lng sc c cng
sut t 0,6 n 100KW c s dng rng ri. iu khin vn hnh chng, ta
thng dng khi ng t. V vy thun li cho vic la chn khi ng t, nh
sn xut thng khng nhng ch cho cng dng in sut nh mc m cn
cho c cng sut ca ng c in m khi ng t phc v ng vi cc in p
khc nhau.
khi ng t lm vic tin cy, khi lp t cn phi bt cht cng khi
ng t trn mt mt phng ng ( nghing cho php so vi trc thng ng 5
0
),
khng cho php bi m vo cc tip im v cc b phn ng. Sauk hi lp t
khi ng t v trc khi vn hnh, phi kim tra:
- Cho cc b phn chuyn ng bng tay khng b kt, vng.
- in p iu khin phi ph hp in p nh mc ca cun dy.
- Cc tip im phi tip xc u v tt.
- Cc dy u in phi theo ng s iu khin.
- Rle nhit phi t khi ng t cn t km theo cu ch bo v.
CU HI CHNG 5 PHN C
1. Nu khi qut, cng dng v cc yu cu k thut ca khi ng t.
2. Nu cch phn loi, nguyn l lm vic ca khi ng t .
Phn 3: GII THIU C TNH, KT CU KH C
IN CAO P
Chng 6: KH C IN CAO P
I. KHI QUT
Trong iu kin vn hnh, cc kh c in c th lm vic cc ch sau:
- Ch lm vic lu di: Trong ch ny cc kh c in s lm vic tin
cy nu chng c chn ng in p v dng in nh mc.
- Ch lm vic qu ti: Trong ch ny dng in qua kh c in s
ln hn dng in nh mc, chng ch lm vic tin cy khi thi gian dng in
tng cao chayu qua chng khng qu thi gian cho php ca tng thit b.
- Ch lm vic ngn mch: Kh c s m bo s lm vic tin cy nu
trong qu trnh la chn ch cc iu kin n nh nhit v n nh ng.
II. MT S KH C IN CAO P (1000V)
1. My ct
a) Khi nim
My ct in p cao l thit b in chuyn dng ng ngt mch in
xoay chiu tt c cc ch vn hnh c th c: ng ngt dng in nh mc,
dng in ngn mch, dng in khng ti My ct l loi thit b ng ct lm
victin cy song ga thnh cao nn my ct ch cdng nhng ni quan trng.
b) Phn loi my ct
Thng thng my ct c phn loi theo phng php dp tt h quang,
theo dng cch in ca phn dn in, theo kt cu ca bung dp h quang.
Da vo dng cch in ca cc phn dn in, my ct c phn thnh:
- My ct nhiu du: Gia cc thnh phn dn in c cch in bng
du my bin p v h quang sinh ra khi ct my ct cng c dp tt bng du
bin p.
- My ct t du: Gia cc thnh phn dn in c cch in bng cch
in rn v h quang sinh ra khi ct my ct cng c dp tt bng du bin p.
- My ct khng kh.
- My ct in t.
- My ct chn khng.
c) Cc thng s c bn ca my ct
- Dng in ct nh mc: L dng in ln nht m my ct c th ct
mt cch tin cy in p phc hi gia hai tip im ca my ct bng in p
nh mc ca mch in.
- Cng sut ct nh mc ca my ct ba pha: S
m
= 3 U
m
I
cm
(VA)
Trong : U
m
l in p nh mc ca h thng (V)
I
cm
l dng in ct nh mc (A)
Khi nim cng sut ny l tng i khi dng in qua my ct I
cm
th in
p trn hai du ca n trn thc t bng in p h quang v ch bng vi % so vi
in p ca mch in. Sau khi h quang b dp tt, trn cc tip im ca my ct
bt u phc hi in p nhng trong thi gian ny dng in bng 0.
- Thi gian ct ca my ct: Thi gian ny c tnh t thi im a tn
hiu ct my ct n thi im h quang c dp tt tt c cc cc. N bao gm
thi gian ct ring ca my ct v thi gian chy h quang.
- Dng in ng nh mc: y l gi tr xung kch ln nht ca dng
in ngn mch m my ct c th ng mt cch thnh cng m tip im ca n
khng b hnh dnh v khng b cc h hng khc trong trng hp ng lp li.
Dng in ny c xc nh bng gi tr hiu dng ca dng in xung kch khi
xy ra ngn mch.
- Thi gian ng my ct: L thi gian khi a tn hiu ng my ct cho
ti khi hon tt ng tc ng my ct.
d) La chn v kim tra my ct in cao p (1000V)
My ct in c chn theo in p nh mc, loi my ct kim tra n
nh ng, n nh nhit v kh nng ct trong tnh trng ngn mch.
2. Dao cch ly
a) Khi nim
Dao cch ly l mt loi kh c in dng ch to mt khong h cch
in c trng thy gia b phn ang mang dng in v b phn ct in nhm
mc ch m bo an ton, khin cho nhn vin sa cha thit b in an tm khi
lm vic.
Dao cch ly khng c b phn dp tt h quang nn khng th ct c
dng in ln.
b) Phn loi
Theo yu cu s dng, dao cch ly c hai loi:
- Dao cch ly mt pha.
- Dao cch ly ba pha.
Theo v tr s dng. dao cch ly c hai loi:
- Dao cch ly t trong nh.
- Dao cch ly t ngoi tri.
c) La chn v kim tra dao cch ly
Dao cch ly c chn theo iu kin nh mc, chng c kim tra theo
iu kin n nh lc in ng v n nh nhit.
3. Cu ch cao p
a) Khi nim
Cu ch l mt kh c in dng bo v mch in khi qu ti hay ngn
mch. Thi gian ct mch ca cu hc ph thuc nhiu vo vt liu lm dy chy.
Dy chy ca cu ch lm bng ch, hp kim vi thic c nhit nng chy tng
i thp, in tr sut tng i ln. Do vy loi dy chy ny thng ch to c
tit din ln v thch hp vi in p nh hn 300V i vi in p cao hn
(1000V) khng th dng dy chy c tit din ln c v lc nng chy, lng
kim loi to ra ln. Kh khn cho vic dp tt h quang, do in p ny
thng dng dy chy bng ng, bc, c in tr sut b, nhit nng chy cao.
b) Dy chy
Thnh phn chnh ca cu ch l dy chy. Dy chy c kch thc v vt
liu khc nhau, c xc nh bng c tuyn dng in - thi gian. Song song vi
dy chy l mt si dy cng ra trit tiu s ko cng ca dy chy. tng
cng kh nng dp h quang sinh ra khi dy chy b t v bo m an ton cho
ngi vn hnh cng nh cc thit b khc xung quanh trong cu ch thng
chn y cc thch anh. Cc thch anh c tc dng phn chia nh h quang. V
cu chi c th l bng cht Xenluyl. Nhit cao ca h quang s lm cho
Xenluyl bc hi gy p sut ln nhanh chng dp tt h quang.
c) Phn loi cu ch
Tu theo chc nng ca mi loi cu ch m ta c th phn nh sau:
- Cu ch t ri (Fuse Cut Out: FCO): Hot ng theo nguyn tc ri do
mt dy ch c ni lin kt hai u. Vic dp tt h quang ch yu da vo
ng ph bn ngoi dy ch. Ngoi nhim v bo v qu ti v ngn mch cu ch t
ri cn c nhim v cch ly ng dy b s c.
- Cu ch chn khng: L loi cu ch m dy chy c t trong mi
trng chn khng. Cu ch chn khng c th c lp bn trn hoc di du.
- Cu ch hn dng: Chc nng chnh l hn ch tc ng ca dng in
s c c th c i vi nhng thit b c n bo v.
d) La chn v kim tra cu ch
Cu ch c chn theo in p nh mc, dng in nh c v dng in
ct nh mc (hay cng sut ct nh mc). Ngoi ra, cn ch v tr t cu ch
(trong nh hay ngoi tri).

CU HI CHNG 6
1. Hy cho bit khi nim, phn loi v cch la chn my ct?
2. Hy cho bit khi nim, phn loi v cch la chn dao cch ly?
3. Hy cho bit khi nim, phn loi v cch la chn cu ch?
Phn 4: MT S S C BN V NGUYN L IU
KHIN, VN HNH
Chng 7: MT S S CN BN V NGUYN L
IU KHIN, VN HNH NG C.
I. MCH IN KHI NG - DNG MT NG C KB 3 PHA
a) Nguyn l:
Dng mch khi ng mt ng c KB 3 pha, c tip im duy tr
ng c lm vic, sau dng ng c.
b) S mch (hnh 1)
c) Th t thc hin:
- Nhn nt S
2
, Contactor K
1
c in, cc tip im chnh ng li, ng c
hot ng, cc tip im ph thay i trng thi, tip im ph thng ng h ra
lm cho n H
1
tt, tip i ph thng h ng li duy tr ngun cho Contactor K
1

v n H
2
.

Hnh 1: S mch in khi ng - dng mt ng c KB 3 pha
II. MCH IN KHI NG TH T HAI NG C KB 3 PHA
a) Nguyn l
Dng mch khi ng th t hai ng c KB 3 pha. ng c 1 (iu
khin bi Contactor K
1
) chy trc, sau ng c 2 (iu khin bi Contactor
K
2
) chy theo. Nu c s tc ng nhm lm, mch in khng hot ng. Cui
cng dng c hai ng c.
b) S mch: (hnh 2)
c) Th t thc hin:
-
Nhn S
3
, ng c M
1
hot ng, n H
1
sng.

-
Nhn S
4
, ng c M
2
hot ng, n H
2
sng.

-
Nhn S
2
, dng ng c M
2
, n H
2
tt.

- Nhn S
1
, dng ng c M
1
, dng ton b mch iu khin, n H
1
tt.

Hnh 2: S mch khi ng th t hai ng c KB ba pha
III. MCH IN O CHIU NG C KB BA PHA
a) Nguyn l:
o chiu quay ng c KB ba pha bng cch o hai trong ba dy ngun
trc khi a ngun vo ng c. Mch in ny dng iu khin ng c KB
ba pha lm vic hai chiu quay, sau dng ng c.
b) S mch: (hnh 3)
c) Th t thc hin:
- Nhn S
2
, ng c hot ng theo chiu thun, n H
1
sng.
- Nhn S
3
, ng c hot ng theo chiu nghch, n H
1
tt, n H
2
sng.
- Nhn S
1
, dng ton b mch iu khin, ng c ngng hot ng.

Hnh 3: S mch o chiu ng c KB ba pha
IV. MCH IN KHI NG MT NG C KB 3 PHA - T NG
DNG
a) Nguyn l:
Dng mch khi ng mt ng c KB 3 pha, c tip im duy tr
ng c lm vic, sau thi gian lm vic nh trn Timer, tip im thng
ng m chm ca Timer h ra, ng c dng.
b) S mch: ( hnh 4)
c) Th t thc hin:
- Nhn S
2
, ng c hot ng, n H
1
tt, n H
2
sng.
- Rle thi gian K
TON
c in v bt u tnh thi gian ng c lm vic.
Khi ht khong thi gain nh, tip im thng ng K
TON
h ra lm ngng
cp in cho Contactor K
1
, ng c ngng hot ng n H
1
sng, n H
2
tt.
- Nhn S
1
dng ng c khn cp.

Hinh 4: S mch in khi ng - dng mt ng c KB 3 pha
V. MCH IN T NG KHI NG THEO TH T CA HAI
NG C KB 3 PHA
a) Nguyn l
Mch in s dng TON.
Dng mch khi ng th t hai ng c KB 3 pha. ng c 1 (iu
khin bi Contactor K
1
) khi ng trc, sau thi gian khi ng ca ng c th
tip im thng h ng chm li ca Rle thi gian TON ng li ng c (iu
khin bi Contactor 2) khi ng. Cui cng dng c hai ng c, ta nhn S
1
.
b) S mch: (hnh 5)
c) Th t thc hin:
- Nhn S
1
ng c M
1
hot ng n H
1
sng.
- Rle thi gian K
TON
chuyn trng thi, ng c M
2
hot ng, n H
2

sng.
- Nhn S
1
dng c hai ng c.


Hnh 5: S mch khi ng th t hai ng c KB ba pha

CU HI CHNG 7
1. V mch lun phin hai ng c (ch c mt trong hai ng c lm vic).
2. V mch lun phin ba ng c (ch c mt trong ba ng c lm vic).
3. V mch khi ng ng c KB ba pha bng phng php i ni sao
tam gic (ng c m my ch sao, l vic ch tam gic).
4. V mch iu khin o chiu ng c KB ba pha kt hp i ni sao
tam gic.
5. V mch iu khin o chiu ng c KB ba pha, mi chiu quay lm
vic hai cp tc .

MC LC
Trang
Li ni u 3
PHN I: L THUYT C BN CA KH C IN
CHNG I: PHT NNG KH C IN
I. KHI NIM V KH C IN 6
1. Khi nim 6
2. Phn loi, cc yu cu c bn ca kh c in 6
II. TNH TON TN THT IN NNG TRONG KH C IN 6
III. CC CH PHT NNG CA KH C IN 7
1. Ch lm vic lu di ca kh c in 8
2. Ch lm vic ngn hn ca kh c in 8
3. Ch lm vic ngn hn lp li ca kh c in 8
CU HI CHNG 1 9
CHNG 2: TIP XC IN - H QUANG
I. TIP XC IN 9
1. Khi nim 9
2. Phn loi tip xc in 10
3. Cc yu t nh hng n in tr tip xc 10
II. H QUANG IN 10
1. Khi nim 10
2. Tnh cht c bn ca phng in h quang 11
3. Qu trnh pht sinh v dp h quang 11
CU HI CHNG 2 12
PHN II: TM HIU C TNH, KT CU, TNH TON LA CHN S
DNG KH C IN H P
CHNG 3: KH C IN NG NGT - BO V MCH IN
A CB (CIRCUIT BREAKER)
I. KHI NIM V YU CU. 12
II. CU TO V NGUYN L HOT NG 13
1. Cu to 13
2. Nguyn l hot ng 14
3. Phn loi v cch la chn CB 16
CU HI CHNG 3 PHN A 16
B - CU CH
I. KHI NIM V YU CU 16
1. Cu to 17
2. Nguyn l hot ng 17
3. Phn loi, k hiu, cng dng 19
4. Cc c tnh in p ca cu ch 20
CU HI CHNG 3 PHN B 20
C - THIT B CHNG DNG IN R
I. KHI NIM 21
1. Cu to 21
III. S TC NG CA THIT B CHNG DNG IN R 23
1. S tc ng tin cy ca RCD 23
2. S tc ng c tnh chn lc ca RCD bo v h thng in s in. 23
CU HI CHNG 3 PHN C 24
CHNG 4: KH C IN IU KHIN BNG TAY
I. CU DAO 25
1. Khi qut v cng dng 25
2. Cu to, nguyn l hot ng v phn loi 25
II. CNG TC 27
2. Phn loi v cu to 27
3. Cc thng s nh mc ca cng tc 28
4. Cc yu cu th ca cng tc 28
III. NT NHN 28
2. Phn loi v cu to 29
3. Cc thng s k thut ca nt nhn 30
IV. PHCH CM V CM IN 30
V. IN TR - BIN TR 31
1. Khi qut cng dng 31
2. Cu to 31
CU HI CHNG 4 31
CHNG 5: KH C IN IU KHIN MCH IN
A CONTACTOR
I. KHI NIM 32
II. CU TO V NGUYN L HOT NG. 32
1. Cu to 32
2. Nguyn l hot ng ca Contactor 34
III. CC THNG S C BN CA CONTACTOR 35
1. in p nh mc 35
2. Dng in nh mc 35
3. Kh nng ct v kh nng ng 36
4. Tui th ca Contactor 36
5. Tn s thao tc 36
6. Tnh n nh lc in ng 36
7. Tnh n nh nhit 36
CU HI CHNG 5 PHN A 36
B RLE IU KHIN V BO V
I. KHI QUT V PHN LOI 37
II. MT S LOI RLE THNG DNG 38
1. Rle trung gian 38
2. Rle thi gian 39
3. Rle nhit (Over Load OL) 41
4. Rle dng in: 45
5. Rle in p 45
6. Rle vn tc 45
CU HI CHNG 5 PHN B 46
C KHI NG T
I. KHI QUT V CNG DNG 46
II. CC YU CU K THUT 46
III. KT CU V NGUYN L LM VIC 47
1. Khi ng t thng c phn chia theo: 47
2. Nguyn l lm vic ca khi ng t 47
IV. LA CHN V LP DP KHI NG T 49
CU HI CHNG 5 PHN C 50
PHN 3: GII THIU C TNH, KT CU KH C IN CAO P
CHNG 6: KH C IN CAO P
I. KHI QUT 50
II. MT S KH C IN CAO P (1000V) 50
1. My ct 50
2. Dao cch ly 51
3. Cu ch cao p 52
CU HI CHNG 6 53
PHN 4: MT S S C BN V NGUYN L IU KHIN, VN HNH
CHNG 7: MT S S CN BN V NGUYN L IU KHIN, VN
HNH NG C.
I. MCH IN KHI NG - DNG MT NG C KB 3 PHA 53
II. MCH IN KHI NG TH T HAI NG C KB 3 PHA 54
III. MCH IN O CHIU NG C KB BA PHA 55
IV. MCH IN KHI NG MT NG C KB 3 PHA - T NG DNG 56
V. MCH IN T NG KHI NG THEO TH T CA HAI NG C KB 3 PHA
58
CU HI CHNG 7 59

Giao Trinh Khi Cu Dien

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