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Xp hng trn tu ch g

Tu hng kh no cng c th ch g. G xp di hm tu, trn mt boong v trn np hm hng.

Tu ch g chuyn dung khc vi tu thng thng l boong tu rng ri, hm hng, ming hm, np
hm cng cp, thit b cu chuyn c sc ti cao. c bit, tu c trang b cc thit b chng buc nu
trong qui tc thao tc an ton cho tu ch g trn boong-Code of safe practice for ships carrying timber
deck cargoes, 1991). C th:
1)

c trang b h thng ct ng(uprights) hay phng tin lp cc ct ng(stanchions) hai bn

mn st lan can tu. H thng ct ng dng ngn khng cho g b ln xung bin khi tu lc ngang.
2)

c trang b h thng dy cp ging ngang(hog lashing) lin kt gia cc ct ng(uprights) i

nhau hai bn mn phi-tri tu. G s xp ln trn dy ging ngang(hog lashing) nhm chia khi g
ra tng b, tng lp g vng chc. G xp ln trn dy ging ngang s lm lm tng s vng chc
ca h thng ct ng.
3)

c trang b cc dy cp chng buc(lashing wire) v xch ln chng buc(.lashing chain). Dy chng

buc vt ln bn trn khi g xp trn boong, mc t mn ny sang mn kia ca tu

4)

c h thng dy v thit b dng rt cng khi g xp cao bn trn np hm hng, bao gm cc

dy gi chn(foot wires), cc bu-li m(snatch blocks), ti ko v dy rt cng cc dy gi chn (wiggle

wire) (xem ch dn cch mc c th trong code of safe practice for ships carrying timber deck cargoes,
1991
5)

c cc khuyt mc dy c nh(fixed shackle/ padeye/ eyeplate/lashing point) c hn c nh

trn mt boong chnh, trn cc cu trc gia cng vch ming hm hng, dc cc chn lan can mn
tuChng dng mc cc dy chng buc khi cn thit
6)

c cc bu-li m(snatch block), cc ma-n(shackle), m t(wire clip), tng-(turnbuckle), nm

g(wood chock)vi s lng tha mn yu cu chng buc thc t trong chuyn

7)

c ng nc chuyn ch g, k hai bn mn tu(timber loadlines). ng nc chuyn ch g

c xc nh cao hn ng nc chuyn ch thng thng cng mt tu, hot ng cng ma, vng
hnh hi.
8)

c s tay hng dn cch tnh ton n nh ca tu ch g(trim & stability calculation boolet) v

qui tc v thao tc an ton cho tu ch g trn boong(code of safe practice for ships carrying timber
deck cargoes, 1991) tham kho khi xp hng
Nhng tu thng thng mi khi ch g cng phi c cung cp v trang b y nhng yu cu ca
tu ch g nu trn. Song tu thng thng ch c php xp theo mn nc chuyn ch thng thng,
ph hp tiu chun n nh cho php nu trong s tay n nh ca tu m thi.
Chun b trc khi xp hng g
1)

phi c s tay n nh tu(trim & stability calculation booklet) v qui tc thao tc an ton cho tu

ch g trn boong(code of safe practice for ships carrying timber deck cargoes, 1991).

2)

phi r sot ton b yu cu v vt t, thit b chng buc, chn lt cn thit ti thiu nh

nu trong qui tc thao tc an ton cho tu ch g trn boong(code of safe practice for ships carrying
timber deck cargoes, 1991)
3)

kim tra li tnh trng thit b cu chuyn, bao gm vic bm m, bi m cn cu, dy cp, bu-ly

ma n lin quan. Phi c mt lng dy cp cn cu d tr ti thiu, c bit l dy cp cu

hng(running wire rope). (thng thng cn d phng ti thiu 50% s lng dy cp theo trang b cn
cu trn tu)
4)

to ra cc khung cng bo v chng va p cho cc ng o nc trn boong(sounding pipe), cc

ng o nc hay thng hi kt nc dn trong hm hng, u ng thng hi cc kt nc dn hai bn

mn tu(venting), cc qut gi thng hi hm hng trn boong(ventilator). V nhng cu trc quan
trng khc d b va p trong qu trnh lm hng.
5)

Hn thm cc khuyt c nh vo cc cong giang v vch hm hng lm cc im ta cho vic

dch chuyn g d dng khi xp hng di hm tu.

6)

dng sn k cc ranh gii khu vc cm xp g trnh bt kn li i li khi cn o nc, o du,

li ln xung hm hng, li thot him hay li ra-vo lm vic vi cc thit b kho tng khc trn boong
7)

v sinh sch bn, t trong cc h la-canh hm hng. Lm thng u ht ca cc ng la-canh .

Lp tm sn ngn cch khng rc, bnc th lp kn h la-canh. nc vo h la-canh v kim tra

sc ht cn ca bm la-canh(tiu chun trong 5 pht k t lc yu cu bm m bm hot ng hiu
qu).
8)

tm s liu v sc chu ti a ca mt boong v np hm hng

9)

yu cu ch hng cho bit t trng ca g chuyn ch

10) nhc nh an ton chung cho thuyn vin. Lu trang b bo h khi ra hin trng. phng trn
trt khi i-li trn g. Trnh ng gn m hng khi ang cu chuyn
11) b tr s quan, thuyn vin gim st cht ch qu trnh lm hng. Hn ch s va p m hng vo
cu trc tu, cc ng thng hiYu cu xp thng thu, chn phng phiu, chng buc k cng tng lp
chc chn. Lun gi cho tu cn bng
Xp hng di hm
Mun xp c nhiu hng trn boong, phi c gng xp hng di hm cng nhiu cng tt. Nn lu
nh sau:
1)

cy g phi xp theo chiu dc tu. Cy di xp trc, cy ngn xp sau

2)

phi ko g vo st hai bn mn hm hng. Cng st cng tt

3)

phi xp g theo tng hng tht st nhau. Xoay cy g sao cho hn ch cc khong trng gia

chng hay vi cc cong giang tu

4)

phi ko st cy g v hai u vch trc-sau ca hm hng(bulkheads)

5)

ch chn cc khc/ cy g ngn, xp vo cc ch trng gia cc cy g tn dng ti a dung

tch hm

6)

khi chiu su hm hng hn ch(cn khong 1~ 1.5 m), phi dng dy cp v bu-ly ko hay

chuyn dch g t ngoi vo trong(gi l tiu). Phi xp g t trong ra ngoi tn dng trit dung
tch hm.
7)

khu vc ming hm hng(hatch coaming) phi xp tht cht ch.

Chun b xp hng trn boong

An ton tu ph thuc rt ln vo cht lng xp v chng buc hng trn boong. Cn tin hnh cc
bc sau:
1)

bo m tuyt i kn nc np hm hng, cc ca ln xung hm hng. Nu np hm bt bt,

phi bt ti thiu 3 lp bt tt. Bt mi ph trong cng. Bt c, xu bt ra bn ngoi. Phi ng nm, ph

li cn thn trc khi xp g ln trn.
2)

phi gim nh mn nc bit trng lng g xp trong hm tu. Xc nh khi lng hng

xp di hm. V tm t trng trung bnh ca khi g xp di hm lm c s c lng lng

hng c th xp trn boong
3)

sn sng vt t chng buc nh dy cp, ln, ma-n, tng , nh du cc im cn mc cc dy

chng buc(lashing points)

4)

kim tra cht lng ct v cc khuyt u dy ging ngang (hog lashing)

5)

kim tra lng nc dn, nc ngt, nhin liu cn li trong cc kt hai bn mn tu. Bo m

tu hon ton cn bng trc khi xp hng trn boong. V phi m bo tu b nghing khi lm hng
khng phi do khi lng cht lng trong cc kt gy nn.
Xp hng trn boong
Khi xp hng trn boong cn lu :
1)

phi xp sao cho g trn boong to thnh mt khi c, vng chc

2)

tng cng ma st gia g vi mt boong hay vi np hm hng. C th s dng cc loi dy buc

tu c , cc vt liu chn lt sn c trn tu lt ln trn mt boong, np hm tng ma st

3)

g xp theo chiu dc tu. u tin xp cy di st mn tu. Cy ngn xp vo bn trong.

4)

nn s dng thm dy cp c ca tu, hay dy cp chng buc c(nu c) buc cc cy g

thnh nhng b c lp v chng ln dy ging(hog lashing) ca cc cp ct chng(uprights/

stanchions)
5)

g xp sao cho thnh khi vng chc, st vo nhau, to nn cc lp phng. Hn ch to ra cc

khong trng gia chng vi nhau hay vi boong tu, trnh to thnh nhng h cha nc gia khi
hng ha.
6)

phi bo m tu lun cn bng trong sut qu trnh xp hng.

7)

Chiu cao xp hng trn boong ph thuc vo s lng hng xp di hm tu, ph thuc vo

lng nc dn ca tu cn li(nu c). Chiu cao ti a cho php cn tham kho code of safe practice
for ships carrying timber deck cargo, 1991

Chng buc hng trn boong

Tai nn tu ch g trn bin phn ln l do chng buc g trn boong khng tt. v th cn ch nh
sau:
1)

phi c s lng dy hay thit b chng buc nh dy cp(lashing wire, lashing chain), bu-ly,

ma-n, m t, tng-, cc im mc dy(lashing points)ph hp v tha mn yu cu chng buc

theo lut nh code of safe practice for ships carrying timber deck cargo, 1991
2)

ty theo chiu di g, chiu cao khi g xp trn boong m b tr khong cch chng buc cho ph

hp theo qui nh. Ni chung, khong cch gia cc dy chng cng gn, cng tt(nu tu c dy).
3)

bo m cc dy chng buc u gn vi dng c c th iu chnh mc cng chng theo

mun
4)

phi chn lt sao cho dy chng buc c th tip xc st vi mt khi g chng buc tng thm

sc cng v sc chu u ca dy
5)

nn ch to thm cc im tip xc, cc ma st hay mi lin kt gia cc kin, khi, b g vi

nhau trn boong nh hn thm cc thanh thp chn gc, cc ct chng ng trung gian cnh ming
hm
6)

dy chng buc g trn boong ch yu l chng ln trn lp g trn cng. N c t tc dng phng

nga g x dch theo chiu ngang. V th, cn b xung h thng dy rt cng dy chng buc cc khi
g xp cao trn np hm hng, bao gm cc dy gi chn(foot wires), cc bu-li m(snatch blocks), ti
ko v dy rt cng cc dy gi chn (wiggle wire) (xem ch dn c th trong code of safe practice for
ships carrying timber deck cargoes, 1991)
7)

cch thc chng buc c th trn boong, tham kho code of safe practice for ships carrying

timber deck cargo, 1991

Lu tnh ton n nh trn tu ch g
Khi tnh ton chiu cao n nh ban u ca tu ch g, cn bo m chiu cao n nh GoM lun lun
dng(+) trong sut hnh trnh v:
1)

phi gim nh bit chnh xc trng lng hng xp di hm v trng lng hng xp

trn boong tu
2)

phi cng thm 10% trng lng hng xp trn boong phng g ht nc, nc ma, nc

bin hay bng tuyt cha trong khi g trn hnh trnh khi tnh GoM
3)

phi tnh ton nh hng ti a mt thong cc kt n n nh ca tu

4)

phi quan tm mc tiu th nhin liu, nc ngt trn hnh trnh

5)

tham kho code of safe practice for ships carrying timber deck cargoes, 1991 v chiu cao n

nh ban u ph hp.
An ton trn bin
1)
bin

cng vic u tin l kim tra chu k lc ca tu bit GoM thc t ca tu ngay sau khi tu ra

2)

sau khi tu ri cng mt ngy, phi kim tra v iu chnh ngay cng cc dy chng buc g.

Cng vic kim tra ny phi tin hnh thng xuyn hng ngy sau
3)

thng xuyn o nc la-canh hm hng, cc kt nc dn kp thi pht hin s r r nc bin

nu tu b nt rn.
4)

phi lp bng th t tiu th nhin liu v nc ngt cc kt nhm duy tr cn bng tu v gim

thiu nh hng ca mt thong gy ra i vi n nh tu.

5)

phi tham kho bn thi tit(weather chart) chn ng i ph hp theo ma, vng tu hot

ng.
6)

phi thu thp thng tin thi tit lin tc hng ngy bng cc ngun khc nhau( NAVTEX, FACIMILE,

WEATHER INFORMATION )
7)

khi c d bo thi tit xu, phi kp thi i hng, gim tc t xa trnh s va p ca sng

gi ln tu
8)

phi thng xuyn o c chu k lc ca tu trn bin nm vng chiu cao n nh (GoM) thc

t ca tu v c bin php ng ph kp thi

9)

khi tu b nghing trn bin, phi cn thn tm ra nguyn nhn. Khng vi vng dng nc dn

cn chnh tu ngay. Cn chnh tu khi cha r nguyn nhn c th gy ra hu qu trm trng

10) Cn ch thng gi k hm hng trc khi cho thuyn vin chui xung hm lm vic
11) Phi to li i li trn g an ton cho cng vic hot ng ca tu
Nhng sai st thng gp khi ch g
1)

Thuyn vin cha nhn thc y g l hng ha khng bnh thng

2)

Tu khng c trang b hay thuyn trng khng c qui tc code of safe practice for ships

carrying timber deck cargoes, 1991.

3)

khng chun b hay chun b khng y vt t, dng c chn lt theo qui nh trong qui tc

code of safe practice for ships carrying timber deck cargoes, 1991
4)

thuyn vin cha quan tm ng mc n an ton xp hng v chng buc hng trn tu. Vn

cho rng: cng vic xp hng l vic ring v l nhim v ca cng nhn cng?
5)

khng gim nh lng hng xp di hm nn khng c kt qu chnh xc v chiu cao n nh

ban u v ng cong n nh tnh

6)

cha coi trng vic la chn ng i ph hp cho tu ch g v vic chun b nhng ng ph sn

sng khi thi tit xu