30232

1
1.

2.
2 NO(g) + O2(g)
2 NO2 (g)
NO2 0.1103 mol/dm3 60 NO2
0.1076 mol/dm3 NO2 NO O2
3. A B C A

(s) A (mol/dm3)
0
1.000
20
0.818
40
0.669
60
0.548
80
0.448
100
0.367
0 20 s, 40 60 s 80 100 s

4. Mg 6.40 g HCl 20 s Mg
4.60 g HCl
5. X Y Z
X 1/3 Y 1/2
Z
6. (NH3)
4 NH3 (g) + 5 O2 (g)
4 NO (g) + 6 H2O (g)
NH3 0.24 mol
dm-3. s-1
O2
H2O


30232

7. (C4H8) 500 C
0
25
50
75
100
150
200
( s )
0.050 0.041 0.034 0.028 0.023 0.016 0.011
[C4H8]
(mol.dm-3.s-1)
8. 8.1 8.6

o
s


30232

Ea

(E)

(E)

1. . .
A (g) + B (g)
C (g) + D (g)

A+B

Ea/
A+B

C+D

C+D

2. . .

E1

E3

E2
(E)

(E)

E2

E1

E3


30232

3.
2 Fe2+(aq) + I2(g)
3.1 2 Fe3+(aq) + 2 I-(aq)
3.2 Zn2+(aq) + 4 NH3(aq)
[Zn(NH3)4]2+(aq)
4. 4 NH3(g) + 3 O2(g)
2 N2(g) + 6 H2O(l)
-3 -1
N2 0.800 mol.dm .s
H2O
NH3
O2
5. 4 NH3(g) + 7 O2(g)
4 NO2(g) + 6 H2O(l)
-3
-1
H2O 0.42 mol.dm .min
NO2
NH3
O2


30232

3
1. (I-) (S2O82-)

S2O82-(aq) + I-(aq)
2 SO42-(aq) + I2(aq) 25
C

(mol/dm3)
I2
(mol.dm-3.s-1)
S2O82I1
1.0 x 10-4
1.0 x 10-2
6.50 x 10-7
2
2.0 x 10-4
1.0 x 10-2
1.30 x 10-6
3
4.0 x 10-4
2.0 x 10-2
5.20 x 10-6
1.1
1.2
1.3 I2 25 C S2O82- 1.0 x 10-4
mol/dm3 I- 2.0 x 10-2 mol/dm3
2.
NO2(g) + O2(g)
NO(g) + O3(g)

(mol/dm3)
NO2
(mol.dm-3.s-1)
NO
O3
1
1.00 x 10-6
1.00 x 10-6
0.660 x 10-4
2
1.00 x 10-6
6.00 x 10-6
1.32 x 10-4
3
1.00 x 10-6
9.00 x 10-6
1.98 x 10-4
4
2.00 x 10-6
9.00 x 10-6
3.96 x 10-4
3.00 x 10-6
9.00 x 10-6
5.94 x 10-4
5
2.1
2.2 k
3.
A + B
C
A B 3


30232

(mol/dm3)

[C]
C
(s)
mol/dm3
(mol.dm-3.s-1)
A
B
1
0.100
1.0 x 10-2
15
7.5 x 10-2

2
0.300
1.0 x 10-2
30 x 10-2
20

3
0.200
2.0 x 10-2
3.0 x 10-2
30

4. 2 A + B
r = k[A]2[B]-1

5. 2 A + 2 B + M
2 C + D

(mol/dm3)
D
(mol.dm-3.s-1)
A
B
M
2 x 10-3
1 x 10-2
0.48 x 10-3
1
4 x 10-3
2
2 x 10-3
4 x 10-3
1 x 10-2
0.48 x 10-3
3
2 x 10-3
2 x 10-3
1 x 10-2
0.24 x 10-3
2 x 10-3
2 x 10-3
5 x 10-3
0.96 x 10-3
4
5.1 A 3
5.2
2 H2O(g) + N2O(g)
6. 2 NO(g) + 2 H2(g)

NO
H2

(mol/dm3)
(mol/dm3)
mol.dm-3.s-1
1.00
1.00
3.5 x 10-5
1.20
1.20
5.0 x 10-5
0.80
0.80
1.8 x 10-5
7.0 x 10-5
1.00
2.00
1.4 x 10-5
2.00
1.00


30232

4
1.

A + 2B
C + 280 kJ
(1)
2 X + Y + 150 kJ
3Z
(2)
(1) (2) 510 kJ 340 kJ

2. A(g)
B(g)

q
B

p
r

2.1 A
B
2.2 B
A
2.3
3. 3 O2(g)
2 O3(g) 150 kJ/mol
400 kJ

4.
N2(g) + 3 H2(g)
2 NH3(g) + 92 kJ
668 kJ


30232

5
1.
1
2A
Q
2
Q + B
C+ D
3
B + D
2M

1
2 1
2.
r = k[R]2
3
1
2R
X + Y
2
X + Z
T + U
3
U + Z
P

3. C4H9OH H+ Br- C4H9Br

C4H9OH H+ Br 3.1 3.2
3.1 Br- + C4H9OH
C4H9Br + OH_
.
OH_ + H+
H2O
.
C4H9OH2+
.
3.2 C4H9OH + H+
C4H9OH2+
C4H9+ + H2O
.
+
C4H9 + Br
C4H9Br
.
4. 2 NO(g) + O2(g)
2NO2(g)
4.1 4.2
N2O2
.
4.1 2 NO
N2O2 + O2
2 NO2
.
4.2 NO + O2
O2NO
.
O2NO + NO
2 NO
.
I2 + 2 HCl r = k[ICl][H2]
5. 2 ICl + H2


30232

6. A D

Y
Z

n
A

q
s


30232

6
1.
CaCO3(s) 2 HCl(aq)
CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(aq)

2. H2(g) + Cl2(g)
2 HCl(g)


3.

4. NO H2
2NO(g) + 2H2(g)
N2(g) + 2H2O(g)

5.

6.

6.1 CH3CO2CH3(aq) + H2O(l) + H+(aq)

CH3CO2H(aq) + CH3OH(aq) +
H+(aq)
2 H2O(g)
6.2 2 H2(g) + O2(g)
6.3 2 H2(g) + O2(g) + Pt(s)
2 H2O(g) + Pt(s)
6.4 NH3(g) + CH3Cl(aq) + H2O(l)
Cl-(aq) + NH4+(aq) + CH3OH(aq)

10


30232

7
1.
CaCO3(s)
CaO(s) + CO2(g)

2.
3.


4.
5.
5.1 2 CO2(g)
2 CO(g) + O2(g)
5.2 PbI2(s)
Pb2+(aq) + 2 I-(aq)
CO2(g) + NO(g)
5.3 CO(g) + NO2(g)
+
5.4 Cu(s) + 2 Ag (aq)
Cu2+(aq) + 2 Ag(s)
5.5 CO2(g) + H2(g)
CO(g) + H2O(l)
6. (K) = [NO2]2[Cl2] / [NO2Cl]2
7.
2Cl(g)
; K1 = 6.40 x 10(1) Cl2(g)
39

(2) Cl2(g) + 2 NO(g)

2 NOCl(g)
; K2 = 3.70 x 10-8
(3) Cl2(g) + 2 NO2(g)
2 NO2Cl(g)
; K3 = 1.80

2 Cl(g) + 2 NO(g)
7.1 2 NOCl(g)
7.2 2 Cl(g) + 2 NO2(g)
2 NO2Cl(g)
SO3(g) 20.4 700 C
8. SO2(g) + 1/2 O2(g)

SO2(g) + 1/2 O2(g)

SO3(g)
2 SO2(g) + O2(g)
2 SO3(g)

11


30232

9. N2 H2 250 cm3
N2(g) + 3H2(g)
2 NH3(g)
N2 , H2 NH3 2 , 3 4 mol

2 HI(g) 9.0 30 C
10. H2(g) + I2(g)
2 dm3 HI H2
0.6 mol 0.4 mol I2 mol/dm3
11. 800 C water gas
CO(g) + H2(g)
CO H2 C(s) + H2O(g)
-2
3
H2 = 4.0 x 10 mol/dm , CO = 4.0 x 10-2 mol/dm3
H2O = 1.0 x 10-2 mol/dm3
12. A + 2 B
2 C A 1.0 mol
B 1.5 mol 2 dm3 C 0.35
mol/dm3
13. CO 0.065 mol FeO 1 dm3
CO , Fe CO2
FeO(s) + CO(g)
Fe(s) + CO2(g)
;
K = 0.516
14. 25 C 4.5
x 105
HCOOH(aq) + CN-(aq)
HCN(aq) + HCOO-(aq)

15. SO2 NO2 2 mol 2 dm3
NO 1.3 mol
SO2(g) + NO2(g)
SO3(g) + NO(g)

16.
FeSCN2+(aq)
;
K = 1.1 x 103
Fe3+(aq) + SCN-(aq)
2 dm3 Fe(NO3)3 0.01 mol KSCN 2 mol

12


30232

Fe3+ , SCN- FeSCN2+

17. SO3
2 SO3(g)
2 SO2(g) + O2(g)
SO3 6.09 x 10-3 mol/dm3 1000K

SO3 2.44 x 10-3 mol/dm3

18. N2(g) + O2(g)
2 NO(g) 2000 C K = 4.1 x 10-4
N2 1.4 g NO 0.015 g 0.50 dm3 O2
19. CH4 H2O
1000 K 5 dm3 CO 8.62 g , H2 2.60
g , CH4 43.0 g 48.4 g
CH4(g) + H2O(g)
CO(g) + 3 H2O(g)
20. (K)
(1) CO(g) + H2O(g)
CO2(g) + H2(g)
;
K1 = 23.20
C(s) + CO2(g)
;
K2 = 1.56
(2) 2 CO(g)
(3) C(s) + H2O(g)
CO(g) + H2(g)
;
K3 = 1.60 x 10-21
K
20.1 C(s) + CO2(g)
2 CO(g)
CO2(g) + 2 H2(g)
20.2 C(s) + 2 H2O(g)

13


30232

8
2 NOCl(g) Kp = 2.72
1. 300 C 2 NO(g) + Cl2(g)
Kp 300 C
NOCl(g)
NO(g) + 1/2Cl2(g)
2 NOCl(g)
2 NO(g) + Cl2(g)
CH3OH(g) Kc = 1.4 x
2. 25 C CO(g) + 2 H2(g)
107 Kc 25 C
2.1
CH3OH(g)
CO(g) + 2 H2(g)
2.2 2CO(g) + 4 H2(g)
2 CH3OH(g)
3. 823 K
Co(s) + H2O(g)
;
K1 = 67
(1) CoO(s) + H2(g)
(2) CoO(s) + CO(g)
Co(s) + CO2(g)
;
K2 = 490

3.1 CO2(g) + H2(g)

CO(g) + H2O(g)
CO2(g) + H2(g)
3.2 CO(g) + H2O(g)
2 HI(g) Kp = 0.35 25C Kc
4. H2(g) + I2(g)

2 NOCl(g) 2.72
5. Kp 300 C 2 NO(g) + Cl2(g)
Kc 300 C
Cl2(g) + H2(g) Kc = 4.05 500 C
6. CO(g) + H2O(g)
Kp 500
2 NO2(g) Kc = 0.212 mol/dm3 100 C
7. N2O4(g)
Kp 100 C
8. 525 C 2 SO2(g) + O2(g)
2 SO3(g) SO2 =
0.015 atm, SO3 = 0.253 atm O2 = 0.365 atm Kp

9. N2(g) + 3 H2(g)
2 NH3(g) 400 C
N2 , H2 NH3 0.45, 0.63 0.24 mol/dm3
Kc

14


30232

10. PCl5 1 dm3 PCl3(g) 0.40

mol Cl2(g) 0.40 mol PCl5 PCl3 Cl2
0.50 PCl5
2 HI(g) 50.2 448C
11. H2(g) + I2(g)
HI H2 1.25 mol I2 63.5 g
12. 2 HI(g)
H2(g) + I2(g) 445C Kc = 50 HI 0.50 mol
250 cm3 445C H2 ,
I2 HI
13. Kc I2(g) + Cl2(g)
2 ICl(g) 3.55 x 10-2 25 C I2 1.00
mol Cl2 0.50 mol 1.00 dm3
Cl2 ICl
14. Kc 525 C CO2(g) + H2(g)
CO(g) + H2O(g) 0.25
CO2 1.00 mol H2 1.00 mol 5.00 dm3
525 C
SO2(g) + Cl2(g) SO2Cl2
15. SO2Cl2(g)
0.75 atm 100 C 1.36 atm
% SO2Cl2
16. H2 3.00 mol N2 1.00 mol 350 C 30.0 atm
NH3 5.34 atm Kp 350
C

15


30232

9
2 SO3(g) + 11.16 kJ
1. 2 SO2(g) + O2(g)

SO3

O2
SO2
2. CO2
H2CO3(aq)
CO2(g) + H2O(l)

3. (COCl2)

CO(g) + Cl2(g) +
COCl2(g)

3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4. CO CO
O2
2CO(g) + O2(g)
2CO2(g) +

5.

H2(g) + C2H4(g)
H2
6.1 C2H6(g)
6.2 2NO2(g)
2NO(g) + O2(g)
NO2
6.3 PbSO4(s) + H+(aq)
Pb2+(aq) + HSO4-(aq) Pb(NO3)2(aq)

16


30232

H2O(l)

Pb2+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq)
AgNO3(aq)
6.4 PbCl2(s)
6.5 Fe3+(aq) + 3OH-(aq)
Fe(OH)3(s)
HCl(aq)
6. N2(g) + O2(g) +
2NO(g)

7.
N2(g) + 3H2(g)
2NH3(g) + 92 kJ

N2
H2
NH3
()
7.1 N2

7.2 H2

7.3

7.4
7.5 H2

7.6 He
8. H2
CH4(g) + H2O(g) +
CO(g) + 3H2(g)

8.1
8.2
8.3

17


30232

10
1. 298 K 1.00 dm3
CO2(g)
; H = -393.5 kJ
C(graphite) + O2(g)
O2
C(graphite)
CO2
O2

2. NO(g) + O3(g)
NO2(g) + O2(g) ; H = -18.7 kJ

NO
O3

3.
()
3.1 2H2O(g)
2H2(g) + O2(g)
H = 484 kJ
3.2 N2(g) + O2(g)
2NO(g)
H = 181 kJ
2NH3(g)
H = -92.2 kJ
3.3 N2(g) + 3H2(g)
3.4 2O3(g)
3O2(g)
H = -285 kJ
2HF(g)
H = 541 kJ
3.5 H2(g) + F2(g)
4. ()

2NH3(g)
H = -92.2 kJ
4.1 N2(g) + 3H2(g)
2NO(g)
H = 181 kJ
4.2 N2(g) + O2(g)
4.3 3O2(g)
2O3(g)
H = 285 kJ

18


30232

4.4 H2O(l)
H2O(g)
H = 41 kJ
5. 4 NH3 , O2 , NO
4NH3(g) + 5O2(g)
4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)

5.1 NO(g)

5.2 NO(g)
O2(g)

5.3
NO(g)

5.4 O2(g)
NH3(g)

5.5 NH3(g)

NH3(g)
5.6 NO(g)
O2(g)

5.7 NH3(g)

19


30232

11
1.

(HClO)
(HClO4)
(Ba(OH)2)
(HCN)
2. --
H3O+(aq) + F-(aq)
HF(aq) + H2O(l)
CN-(aq) + H2O(l)
HCN(aq) + OH-(aq)
HSO4-(aq) + H2O(l)
H3O+(aq) + SO42-(aq)
H2S(aq) + H2O(l)
H3O+(aq) + HS-(aq)
CH3COO-(aq) + H2O(l)
CH3COOH(aq) + OH-(aq)
3. HPO42- H2O
4. NH4Cl NaHS

NH4+
HSPO435. -
(H2CO3)
(HCOOH)
(H2SO3)
6. HIO4 , H2PO4- , HSO3- , NH4+
7. HPO42- , CO32- , HS- , OH-

20


30232

12
1.
OH- F- H2O HSO4- HCO3- NH3 NH2- H- N3- N2H4 CH3NH2
2.
OH- H2O HCO3- HBr HOCl H2PO3- CH3COOH HSO4- NH3 HSPH3
3. - -
HNO3 + H2O
H3O+ + NO3HCN + OHCN- + H2O
H2SO4 + ClHCl + HSO4HSO4- + OHSO42- + H2O
O2- + H2O
OH- + OHH2S + NH2HS- + NH3
N2H3- + NH3
N2H4+ NH2CH3OH + HCH3O- + H2
N2H5+ + NO2N2H4 + HNO2
HNO3 + H2SO4
H2NO3+ + HSO4KCl + 2NH3
KNH2 + NH4Cl +
4.
HCl HNO3 NH3 NH2- HClO4 F- NH4+
5. (Autoionization)
NH3 CH3OH HNO3
6.
CH4 NH3
H2S H2O
HIO3 HIO2
H2SO3 H2SeO3
H2Se HBr
H2O HF

21


30232

NH3 H2O
PH3 HI
NH3 H2S
7.
NH3 NF3
NH2- NH2OH
N3- O2OH- HSHS- Cl-

22


30232

13
1.
HNO2 H2CO3 HF CH3COOH HCl HClO4 H2S HCN HI
2. HX 5 dm3 HX 1 mol

3. HNO3 0.5 mol/dm3 100 cm3 H3O+

500 cm3 H3O+
4. 500 cm3 NaOH 1 mol OH5. M(OH)2 0.2 mol/dm3 500 cm3
OH- 750 cm3 OH-

6. HA 2 mol/dm3 1.5
H3O+
7. H2S 2 Ka1 = 1.1 x 10-7 Ka2
= 1.3 x 10-13
8. CH3COOH HCN Ka = 1.8 x 10-5 4.8 x 10-10
1 mol/dm3
H3O+
9. HCOOH 0.2 mol/dm3 H3O+
% Ka HCOOH 1.8 x 10-4
10. NaX 2 mol/dm3
OH- Kb X-(aq) + H2O(l)
HX(aq) + OH-(aq)
1.0 x 10-4
11. (C6H5COOH)
0.25 mol/dm3 0.40 mol/dm3 Ka C6H5COOH = 6.5 x 10-5

23


30232

14
1. 0.25 mol/dm3
H3O+ 4.0 x 10-3 mol/dm3 Ka

2. CH3COOH
0.05 mol/dm3 0.02 mol/dm3 Ka CH3COOH = 1.8 x 10-5
3. HX HY 1 mol
HX [H3O+] HY
Ka
4. HCN(aq) + H2O(l)
H3O+(aq) + CN-(aq) Ka = 4.8 x
10-10
5. H2CO3
H2CO3(aq) + H2O(l)
H3O+(aq) + HCO3- (aq)
25C Ka = 4.4 x 10-7 1.0 mol/dm3
25C H2CO3 mol/dm3
6. HCN Ka = 4.8 x 10-10 5.4 g
2 %
7. HF 0.10 mol/dm3 8% Ka
8. H3PO4 Ka1 = 7.52 x 10-3 25C Ka2
9. (HC6H7O6)
HC6H7O6(aq) + H2O(l)
H3O+(aq) + C6H7O6-(aq)
0.01% 0.1 mol/dm3
H3O+
10. (HCOOH) 5 H3O+ 5.0 x 10-3
mol/dm3 Ka 2.0 x 10-4

24


30232

15
1. H3O+ OH- A B C D E
H3O+ OH- -

(mol/dm3)
-

[H3O+]
[OH-]
A
2.0 x 10-5
.
.
B
.
1.0 x 10-2
.
C
5.0 x 10-7
.
.
D
1.0 x 10-9
.
.
-4
E
.
1.0 x 10
.
2. 500 cm3 HCl 1.2 dm3 STP
H3O+ OH-
3. NaOH 0.01 mol 500 cm3
H3O+
4. HCl 0.1 mol/dm3 10 cm3 HCl 0.01
mol/dm3 100 cm3 H3O+ OH-
5. Ka HA HB HC
HA + H2O
H3O+ + A;
Ka = 1.0 x 10-2
H3O+ + B;
Ka = 1.0 x 10-4
HB + H2O
HC + H2O
H3O+ + C;
Ka = 1.0 x 10-5
pH

6. KOH 0.05 mol/dm3 pH

7. HX 0.01 mol/dm3 3 pH

8. OH- pH NH3 NH3 4.25 g

250 cm3 Kb NH3 = 1.8 x 10-5
log 2.4 = 0.3802

25


30232

16
1. HCOOH 23 g 10 dm3
H3O+ = 3.0 x 10-3 mol/dm3 pH
(log 3 = 0.4771)
2. H2SO4 0.0005 mol/dm3 pH HCl
0.0001 mol/dm3 H2SO4 100% 2
3. HA 0.1 mol/dm3 0.10 pH
4. NaOH 0.1 mol/dm3 10 cm3
500 cm3 OH- pH
5. pH NaOH 2 g 500 cm3
6. (HC9H7O4) Ka = 3.2 x 10-4
HC9H7O4(aq) + H2O(l)
C9H7O4-(aq) + H3O+(aq)
pH 200 cm3 2 ( 0.325 g)
7. pH
HCl 0.1 mol/dm3
NaOH 0.4 g/100 cm3
NH3 1.0 mol/dm3 Kb = 1.8 x 10-5
8. pH = 5 10 cm3 100 cm3
pH
9. AOH 0.01 mol/dm3 pH = 11 %
10. HA 1.0 mol/dm3 5.0
cm3 0.1% pH Ka

26


30232

17
1. HIn pH 3.8 5.4

H3O+(aq) + InHIn(aq) + H2O(l)
A H3O+ = 1.0 x 10-5 mol/dm3 HIn A

HIn B B -
OH-
2. pH

pH

8.3 10.0

6.0 7.6

pH
3. X

pH

8.3 10.0

4.4 6.0

6.0 7.6

6.7 8.3

3.1 4.4
-
?
X pH 2 X

10 cm3
4.
H3O+(aq) + InHIn(aq) + H2O(l)

pH = 12

27


30232

5. pH

pH

A
4.2 6.3

B
6.0 7.6

C
8.3 10.0

X A B
C X pH
6. pH

pH

3.0 4.6

4.2 6.3

6.0 7.6

8.3 10.0

6.1 2 pH = 6.7
100
cm3
6.2 2 pH = 6.7 100 cm3

7. HCl x mol/dm3 3 2 cm3

2 3

HCl

pH

3.0 5.0

5.2 8.6

6.8 8.4

18

28


30232

1.
HCl Ca(OH)2
HCl Ba(OH)2
H2CO3 KOH
HNO3 NaOH
2.
H2SO4 NaOH
HNO3 Ca(OH)2
3.
KBr NaNO3 MgSO4 K2CO3 NaHSO4 CH3COONa CH3COONH4 CaCO3
4.

H2SO4 Ca(OH)2
H2CO3 Ba(OH)2
5.
BaO(s) H2SO4(aq)
Al(s) H2SO4(aq)
Fe2O3(s) HCl(aq)
Na2CO3(aq) HCl(aq)
NaOH(aq) HBr(aq)
Ca(OH)2(aq) HI(aq)
Al(OH)3(aq) HBr(aq)
6.
HNO3 KOH
H2CO3 Sr(OH)2
H3PO4 LiOH
H2CO3 Mg(OH)2
H2SO4 LiOH

29


30232

19
NH3
= 1.8 x 10-5
HNO2
= 4.5 x 10-4
= 1.8 x 10-5
CH3COOH
HCN
= 4.9 x 10-10
HSO4= 1.2 x 10-2
HF
= 7.1 x 10-4
HS= 1.0 x 10-19

NaHCO3 K2S Al2(SO4)3 K2CO3 NaI Na3PO4

KCN CH3COOLi NaClO4 (NH4)3PO4 Na2CO3 KNO3

NaNO3 NaCN (NH4)2SO4 NH4NO3 Na2S NaF NH4CN NH4NO2

CH3COOH 0.02 mol/dm3 500 cm3
NaOH 0.05 mol/dm3 250 cm3
pH
NH4Cl 0.10 mol/dm3 H3O+ OH-
pH Ka NH3 25C = 1.8 x 10-5

1.
2.

3.

4.

5.

Kb 25C
25C
Ka

30