Ly Thuyet Primavera Khoa 102 PDF

1
Mc Lc
Tng qut v Primavera ........................................................................................ 2

Mt s khi nim .................................................................................................... 4
Cu trc d n........................................................................................................ 7
Khi to d n ........................................................................................................ 9
To cu trc phn vic (WBS) ............................................................................ 12
Cng vic ............................................................................................................... 14
To mi quan h (Relationship).......................................................................... 20
Chy tin (Schedule) ....................................................................................... 23
Gn rng buc (Constraints) .............................................................................. 31
Hiu chnh giao din (layout) .............................................................................. 35
Vai tr v ngun lc............................................................................................. 38
Gn Vai tr (Role)................................................................................................ 42
Gn ngun lc v chi ph trong Primavera ....................................................... 44
Phn tch ngun lc ............................................................................................. 48
Ti u ha k hoch d n .................................................................................. 51
To baseline cho d n ........................................................................................ 55
Th vin ti liu ca d n.................................................................................. 58
Thc hin v kim sot d n ............................................................................. 61
Lp bo co ........................................................................................................... 67
Ch thch............................................................................................................... 69
KPMS copyright 2008 All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced without prior written permission of KPMS Ltd
2
Ch 1:
Tng qut v Primavera

Gii php Primavera
Cc phn h i km P6
3
Primavera l cng ty phn mm hng u trong lnh vc qun l d n, vi cc gii

php chuyn bit trong lnh vc qun l d n, tp d n tt c cc lnh vc kinh
doanh.
c thnh lp t nm 1983 vi phn mm c bn cho lnh vc K thut v Xy
dng. Ngy nay, Primavera a dng ha cc gii php chy trn nn n l n cc
gii php chy trn mng LAN v Internet. Cc gii php c th kt hp cho php
cng ty lp k hoch, qun l v ti u ha cc danh mc u t thng qua cc d n
lun pht trin.
Cc gii php ca Primavera

P6 Mt gii php tng th p dng cho quy m ton doanh nghip lp k hoch,
qun l v kim sot d n. Vi P6, doanh nghip lun t c nhng mc tiu cam
kt v ngn sch v thi gian thng qua vic ti u ha tin , ngun lc v chi ph
t cc d n ring l n tp d n. L mt trong nhng gii php u vit cho vic lp
k hoch, qun l v kim sot tp d n, d liu ca cc d n c lu tr trn c
s d liu tp chung v c th truy xut thng qua mng LAN hay Internet.
PertMaster l gii php phn tch v qun l ri ro, n cho php doanh nghip phn
tch v nh gi c cc ri ro c th xy ra vi cc d n thng qua vic m phng
s tc ng ca chi ph v thi gian vo cc trng hp c th xy ra.
Contract Manager gii php cho php doanh nghip kim sot theo di cc ti liu,
hp ng t giai on ln ngn sch n giai on mua v giao thu. N cho php
theo di tt c cc t trnh lin quan n d n v c kim sot ph duyt theo mt
quy trnh chuNn. Vi cc chc nng qun l thay i cho php ngi dng m bo
mi thay i c gii quyt, cc khon phi thanh ton theo ng tin v cht
lng, trnh tnh trng kin co.
Cost Manager L gii php cho php qun l chi ph d n hiu qu v nhanh chng
thng qua phng php Earned Value. Mt lot cc biu sinh ng c t ng
to khi cc thng tin ca d n thay i gip ngi dng d dng nhn ra tin trnh
thc hin d n. Gii php c thit k c th kt ni vi cc phn h khc ca
Primavera v h thng k ton doanh nghip gip ngi dng lun kim sot cht ch
v hiu qu ca tng d n ni ring v tp d n ca doanh nghip ni chung.
Cc phn h i km P6
Methodology Management
y l mun cho php doanh nghip lun ci tin nng cao qu trnh thc hin
d n thng qua thit lp cc tiu chuNn, cc mu d n thnh cng gip cc nhn
vin lun nng cao cc k nng v gim bt thi gian thc hin cng vic.
Timesheets
Mun giao tip v cp nht thi gian thc hin cng vic thng qua giao din
Internet.
Cc nhn vin thc hin cng vic trong d n lun c cp nht nhng thng
tin cn thit hon thnh cng vic theo ng yu cu.

4
Ch 2:
Mt s khi nim
D liu d n v d liu tng th
Layouts
5
D liu d n v tng th (Enterprise and Project-Specific Data)

Trc khi lm quen vi phn mm Primavera, ngi dng nn hiu v phn bit c d liu
thuc v mt d n v d liu thuc tng th doanh nghip.
D liu tng th - Enterprise Data
D liu tng th l d liu s dng c bi nhiu d n, n khng phn bit gia cc

d n. Thng thng nhng d liu ny c xc nh v to bi cc qun tr h
thng v chng trnh.
Mt s d liu tng th:
Cu trc d n (EPS)
M d n
M ti nguyn
Cc ty chn, hiu chnh phn mm
Ngun lc (Ti nguyn cng ty)
M chi ph
D liu d n - Project-Specific Data
D liu d n l nhng d liu ch c th dng trong phm vi d n m n c xc

nh v to ra. Thng thng cc gim c d n xc nh v to ra cc d liu ny
kim sot d n do h kim sot.
Mt s v d v d liu d n:
Thi gian
Cu trc phn vic (WBS)
Cng vic
Quan h cng vic
ng c s (Baseline)
Ph tn
Ri ro
Ti liu
Cc d liu thuc c d n v tng th
Mt s d liu thuc c hai loi trn nh:

Lch lm vic
Bo co
M cng vic

6
Layouts
Mt layout l mt ca s cc thng tin c chn th hin v sp xp theo ngi
dng. Cc Layout c th c to cc ca s Projects, WBS, Activities, Resource
Assignments, v Tracking trong phn mm Primavera.
M mt Layout c sn
Trong phn mm Primavera, c mt s layout c to sn th hin cc
thng tin d n, ngoi cc layout ny ngi dng c th to cc layout theo
ring. Cc layout c th to, lu tr dng cho cc ln sau v c th dng cho
nhiu d n khc nhau. Khi m cc d n khc nhau, giao din layout s vn gi
nguyn nhng d liu s thay i theo cc d n khc nhau.
Ngi dng d dng chn v m cc layout khc nhau trong giao din Primavera.
Layout c th c hiu chnh theo ring ca mi ngi dng.
Layout c th c lu tr vi cc la chn:
Curent User Ch ngi to ra layout ny mi c th m trong tng lai
All User cho php bt k ngi no s dng Primavera cng c th m.
Another User Cho php mt ngi no c ch nh c th m. Lu ,
ngi to ra layout ny khng c m trong tng lai.
7
Ch 3 :
Cu trc d n
Cc thnh phn hnh thnh nn Cu trc d n EPS.

8
Cu trc d n
Cu trc d n (EPS) l mt h thng phn cp dng t chc, sp xp cc d n.
EPS c xy dng vi cc im gc (Root) v cc nt (Node).

Mi Root c th c nhiu Node.
Mi Node c th c gn mt hoc nhiu d n.
Mi d n phi thuc v mt Node no .

Mi Node c th cha khng gii hn s lng d n.
D n l mc thp nht trong cu trc phn cp EPS.
Vic t d n ti Node no s quyt nh d liu tng hp ln cho Node y.
Cu trc d n (EPS)
Nhng u im khi t chc d n theo EPS
Xem mc u tin, quy m, ngn sch, v ngun lc d n xuyn sut cu trc EPS
hoc trn mt Node no .
Qun l cc d n mt cch ring bit, trong khi vn c kh nng tng hp thng tin
ca nhiu d n.
Mi Node ng vai tr nh mt d n tng th, tng hp d liu ca cc
Node v d n thuc v mt Node cao nht trong cu trc EPS.
T mt node, ngi dng c th m xem tt c cc thng tin chi tit ca
cc d n thuc v Node .
Hin th s phn b ngun lc gia cc d n.
Gn quyn nhiu cp trong d n ngi dng c th truy xut d liu ng
cp ca mnh.
9
Ch 4 :
Khi to d n
Khi to d n trong Primavera
Thng tin chi tit ca d n

10
Khi to d n
Cc cch khi to mt d n:
S dng Create a New Project wizard:

To d n.
To cu trc phn vic.
To cng vic.
Gn ngun lc v chi ph.
S dng Project Architect:

To d n t mu (template) c sn.
Xem v chnh sa WBS cho ph hp.
Xem v chnh sa cng vic.
Gn ngun lc v chi ph.
Nhp (Import) 1 file
Copy / Paste
Thng tin chi tit ca d n

Chi tit ca mi d n nm pha di trong ca s Project. N th hin cc c im, thng
s chi tit ca d n .
Thng tin chung (General)

Ti ca s ny cho php ngi dng xem v chnh sa cc thng tin tng qut ca d
n. M d n, tn d n v ngi chu trch nhim c th c quy nh khi to d
n, hoc c th c thay i ti y. Nhng thng tin cn li c ci t mc nh.
Thng tin thi gian (Dates)

Cho php chnh sa ngy ca d n. Ngy bt u v kt thc ca d n c th c
ci t khi to d n, hoc c th thay i ti y.
Thng tin ghi ch (Notebook)

Cho php to, xem hoc sa nhng ghi ch ca d n nh l mc tiu d n, cc yu
cu ct li hoc nhng thng tin khc lin quan n d n.
Thng tin m (Codes)

Cho php gn m cho d n. Cc m d n cho php sp xp, phn loi, nhm... cc
d n theo cc tiu ch ca ngi dng nh l v tr hoc hng kinh doanh.
o M d n c th c to khng gii hn.
o Cho php tng hp thng tin trn nhiu d n.
Thng tin mc nh (Defaults)

Thng tin mc nh c chia lm 2 phn:
o Defaults for New Activities cc thng s ny s c ci t ln cc cng
vic to mi. Vic thay i cc thng s ny s khng nh hng n cc cng
vic c sn.
o Auto-numbering Defaults quy nh m cng vic khi cng vic mi c
to.
11
Khi Increment Activity ID c chn th tin t hoc hu t ca m cng

vic c chn s quyt nh m cng vic mi.
Tm lc
Ta c th to d n bng cc cch New Project wizard, nhp (import) file, sao chp d
n c sn, hoc s dng Project Architect to d n t mu (template) c sn.
Sau khi d n c to, ta c th xem cc thng tin chi tit ca d n ti ca s

Project.
Ngi dng cng c th to, chnh sa cc thng s v c im ca d n thng qua

ca s Project Details.

12
Ch 5 :
To cu trc phn vic (WBS)

Cu trc phn vic
13
Cu trc phn vic

Cu trc phn vic (WBS) l mt h thng phn cp cc hng mc, cng vic chi tit ca 1
d n. N phn chia d n thnh cc phn nh hn c ni kt vi nhau theo mt th t
logic, gip cho vic hoch nh k hoch v qun l c d dng hn.
Mi d n c 1 cu trc WBS duy nht.
Cp cao nht ca h thng WBS chnh l cp d n.
Cc thnh phn trong cu trc WBS c mi quan h cha/con, ngha l ta c th thy
c thng tin tng hp ca cc thnh phn bn di khi ng pha trn.
Cu trc phn vic (WBS)
Khi to mt WBS mi n s c mc nh l cp con ca WBS ng trc n.

Cc WBS ny c th c to v sp xp theo ng th t, cp bc m ngi dng
xc nh.
WBS con s tha hng cc c tnh ca WBS cha. VD: WBS con s c gi tr
Responsible Manager ging vi WBS cha.
Tm lc
Cu trc phn vic (WBS) l 1 h thng phn cp cc hng mc, cng vic chi tit
ca 1 d n.
Cp cao nht ca h thng WBS tng ng vi cp d n, v cp thp nht
ca WBS l cc cng vic.
Ta c th dng t hp phm nh hng trn phn mm sp xp cc WBS theo
ng v tr.

14
Ch 6:
Cng vic
M t cng vic v cc thnh phn ca cng vic
Phn loi cng vic
Khi to cng vic
Cc bc (Step) ca cng vic
M cng vic
Lch thc hin cng vic

15
Cng vic
Cng vic l cc thnh phn c bn nht ca mt d n. N l cp nh nht ca cu trc
WBS.
L n v chi tit nht trong bng tin d n.

Cha tt c thng tin v cng vic cn c thc hin .
Ngoi tn activity n cn c cc tn khc nh task, item, event, or work package.
Cc thnh phn thuc cng vic
Ph tn OBS &
WBS M,Tn
Ngun lc cng vic
thc hin
Loi cng
vic
Cc dng
buc
Thi gian
thc hin
Cc bc
thc hin Cng vic
Ngy thc
hin
Ghi ch,
nh gi
Lch lm
vic
Mi quan h
Loi %
Ti liu M cng hon thnh
hng dn vic
Cc thnh phn thuc cng vic

16
Khi to cng vic trong Primavera

Ngi dng c th to, xem, chnh sa d liu lin quan n cng vic trong ca s
Activities. to mt cng vic mi ta c th s dng mt trong nhng cch sau:
Trn thanh cng c Command, bm nt Add.
Trong menu Edit, bm nt Add.
Bm nt Insert trn bn phm.
Bm chut phi v bm nt Add.
S dng cng c tr gip Activity Wizard khi to cng vic
Cng c Activity wizard s hng dn ta tng bc trong qu trnh to mt cng vic mi.
Khi quen vi thao tc to to cng vic mi, ta c th tt chc nng ny trong User
Preferences v khi to cng vic trc tip trong ca s Acitivies.
Cng c Activity ch xut hin khi ta bm nt Add trn thanh Command.
Loi cng vic (Activity Type)

Loi cng vic s xc nh cch tnh thi gian thc hin cng vic.
Chng ta thng xc nh loi cng vic da trn cc yu t nh: chc nng cng
vic v lch lm vic ca cng vic . C cc loi cng vic sau :
Mc thi gian bt u (Start Milestone)
Mc thi gian kt thc (Finish Milestone)
Ph thuc cng vic (Task Dependent)
Ph thuc ngun lc (Resource Dependent)
Ph thuc cng vic khc (Level of Effort)
Tng hp WBS (WBS Summary)
Start Milestone Loi ny dng nh du mc thi gian bt u ca 1 hng mc

hoc 1 giai on mi ca d n.
C thi gian cng vic bng 0.
Ch c gi tr ngy bt u (start date).
Ta c th gn rng buc (constrain), bc (steps), ph tn (expenses),
ti liu.
C th gn ngun lc chnh (primary resource).
Ta khng th gn vai tr (role).
Finish Milestone - Loi ny dng nh du mc thi gian kt thc ca 1 hng mc

hoc 1 giai on ca d n.
C thi gian cng vic bng 0.
Ch c gi tr ngy kt thc (finish date).
Ta c th gn rng buc (constrain), bc (steps), ph tn (expenses),
ti liu.
C th gn ngun lc chnh (primary resource).
Ta khng th gn vai tr (role).
Task Dependent Loi ny c s dng khi cng vic cn c hon thnh trong
mt khong thi gian nht nh, bt chp kh nng cung ng ca ngun lc.
Ngun lc s phi lm vic ph thuc vo lch lm vic ca cng vic.
17
Thi gian cng vic s tng ng vi lch lm vic gn cho cng vic
.
Resource Dependent Loi ny c s dng khi nhiu ngun lc c gn cho 1

cng vic v cc ngun lc y c th lm vic c lp vi nhau.
Ngun lc s lm vic ph thuc vo lch lm vic ca chnh ngun
lc.
Thi gian cng vic s tng ng vi kh nng cung ng ngun lc,
nu ngun lc khng th thc hin cng vic th thi gian cng vic s
b ko di ra.
Level of Effort Loi ny c s dng khi thi gian cng vic ph thuc vo thi
gian cng vic khc.
Thi gian cng vic c xc nh bng gi tr ngy ca cng vic
ng trc (predecessor) v cng vic ng sau (successor), v lch
lm vic ca n.
VD : cc cng vic qun l, bo v ...
Ta khng th gn rng buc (constraints).
WBS Summary Loi ny c s dng tng hp thng tin cc cng vic nm

trong 1 WBS.
Cng vic WBS summary tng hp thng tin cc cng vic thuc 1
WBS.
Gi tr ngy bt u (start date) l ngy bt u sm nht ca cng vic
trong WBS , gi tr ngy kt thc (finish date) l ngy kt thc tr
nht ca cng vic trong WBS .
Thi gian cng vic WBS summary c tnh da trn 2 gi tr start
date, finish date v lch lm vic ca n.
Ta khng th gn rng buc (constraints).
Thng tin chi tit cng vic Activity Details

Thng tin tng qut (General Tab)
Trong ca s ny, ngi dung c th cp nhp chnh sa cc thng tin chung ca cng
vic nh loi cng vic
Tnh trng cng vic (Status Tab)

Ca s ny xc nh thi gian ca cng vic, rng buc, ngy bt u kt thc,
thi gian v chi ph ca ngun lc, chi ph vt liu. Ta c th xem thi gian d tr ca
cng vic, thi gian thi cng thc t, v phn trm hon thnh.
Ghi ch cng vic (Notebook Tab)

Ca s ny to cc ghi ch cho cng vic. Ghi ch bao gm cc vn nh :
hng dn, miu t chi tit v cng vic. Cc ghi ch c th c phn loi d
qun l.
Bc cng vic (Activity Step)
Bc cng vic cho php ta to 1 danh sch cc bc chi tit cn phi lm hon thnh
cng vic, ta c th theo di tin hon thnh ca tng bc. Thng thng bc cng vic

18
dng cung cp quy trnh, hng dn chi tit hon thnh cng vic gip cc ngun lc
nm bt cng vic c tt hn.
C th gn khng gii hn s lng cc bc cng vic.
Bc cng vic c th c cp nht tin trong module Project Management hoc
trong module Timesheet (cp nht bi ngun lc chnh).
Bc cng vic khng c gi tr thi gian (duration) v ngy (date).
Mu bc cng vic (Step template)
Step templates l 1 nhm cc bc cng vic thng xuyn c s dng, n gip

ta gn bc cng vic vo cng vic c nhanh hn.
Ta c th chuyn cc bc cng vic ang c gn vo cng vic thnh cc Step
template).
M cng vic (Activity Codes)

M cng vic cho php phn loi v nhm cc cng vic theo cc tiu ch khc nhau;
Ta c th dng tnh nng nhm theo m cng vic trong ca s Activity table xem cc
thng tin tng hp; xy dng cc bo co theo ng yu cu; xy dng cc layout ph hp
vi yu cu cng vic. Cc b m cng vic thng c s dng l Giai on (Phase), V tr
(Area), Cng trng (Site), Phn h (Division).
M cng vic c th c xy dng 3 cp :
Cp tng th - C th c s dng tt c cc cng vic.

C th to khng gii hn cc m cng vic cp tng th.
cp ny ta c th nhm nhng cng vic thuc 1 d n hoc thuc nhiu
d n khc nhau.
Cp EPS C th c s dng cc cng vic thuc EPS .
C th to khng gii hn cc m cng vic cp EPS.
cp ny ta c th nhm nhng cng vic thuc 1 d n hoc thuc nhiu
d n khc nhau trn cng 1 EPS.
Cp d n - C th c s dng cc cng vic thuc d n .
C th to 500 b m cng vic cho 1 d n.
Cp ny ta c th nhm nhng cng vic thuc 1 d n.
Mi m cng vic c th to khng gii hn cc gi tr ca m, cc gi tr ny c th c sp

xp t chc theo cu trc phn cp hnh cy.
Cp C th c s dng S lng
Tng th Tt c cng vic Khng gii

hn
EPS Tt c cng vic thuc EPS Khng gii
hn
D n Tt c cng vic thuc d n 500
19
Lch lm vic
Lch lm vic c th c to v gn cho cc cng vic v ngun lc thc hin cng vic.
Lch lm vic c nh hng n tin thc hin cc cng vic (ngy bt u, kt thc), v
c dng trong trng hp s dng chc nng cn bng ngun lc (leveling resource).
C th to khng gii hn s lng lch lm vic.

Loi cng vic (activity type) s quyt nh s dng lch lm vic ca cng vic hay
lch lm vic ca ngun lc trong lc to bng tin .
C cc loi lch lm vic nh:
Lch Tng th - Global calendar

Lch ny c th c s dng bt k d n no thuc c s d liu cng ty.
Vi bt k ngun lc v cng vic no cng c th dng loi lch ny.
Lch lm vic theo ngun lc - Resource calendar

Ty thuc vo mi ngun lc s c lch lm vic ring
Lch lm vic thuc d n - Project calendar

Ty thuc vo mi d n s c lch lm vic khc nhau.
Ch c th s dng trong d n c cha n.

20
Ch 7 :
To mi quan h (Relationship)
S mng ca cc cng vic
Loi quan h
To mi quan h c thi gian tr
Cc cch to mi quan h trong phn mm

21
S mng (Network Logic Diagram)

S mng th hin tnh logic ca cc cng vic trong d n, n cho thy s lin h, ph
thuc gia cc cng vic vi nhau.
Precedence Diagramming Method (PDM) l mt phng php c s dng trong vic to

s mng.
hnh ch nht th hin cho cng vic.
ng mi tn th hin mi quan h c th t gia cc cng vic.
Cng vic ng trc (Predecessor) Quyt nh ngy bt u hay kt thc ca
cng vic ng sau.
Cng vic ng sau (Successor) C ngy bt u hay kt thc ph thuc vo
cng vic ng trc.
C hai cch to s mng:
1. Bt u vi cng vic u tin v to cc cng vic ng sau;
2. Bt u vi cng vic cui cng v to cc cng vic ng trc;
Activity
E
Activity Activity Activity Activity Activity

A B C D G
Predecessor Successor to Activity

to Activity B Activity B
F
Mi quan h gia cc cng vic
Loi quan h
C bn loi quan h. Gi s A l cng vic ng trc v B l cng vic ng sau.
Finish-to-Start (FS) Khi A hon thnh, B c th bt u.
Start-to-Start (SS) - Khi A bt u, B cng c th bt u.
Finish-to-Finish (FF) - Khi A hon thnh, B mi c th hon thnh.
Start-to-Finish - Khi A bt u, th B hon thnh.
Mi quan h c s dng khong tr (lag)

Khong tr l thi gian tr hon tin gia mt cng vic vi cng vic ng sau n. N c
th c s dng vi bt k loi quan h no (c bn loi quan h); gi tr thi gian c th l
dng hoc m.
Khi s dng khong tr vo vic tnh ton tin ta c th chn lch lm vic phn mm
s tnh ton theo mnh.
C bn chn la:
S dng lch ca cng vic ng trc
S dng lch ca cng vic ng sau
S dng lch 24 ting (24-hour calendar)
S dng lch mc nh ca d n (Project default calendar)

22
To mi quan h bng s
Ta s s dng giao din s (Activity Network) khi mun th hin cc cng vic theo dng
chui c th t.
Ta to mi quan h bng cch bm v r chut gia 2 cng vic.

Cnh bn tri ca ch nht biu hin cho ngy bt u ca cng vic.
Cnh bn phi ca ch nht biu hin cho ngy hon thnh ca cng vic.
To mi quan h bng ca s Activity Details

Ta c th dng th Relationships to mi quan h. Khi to quan h phn mm s s dng
loi quan h mc nh l Finish-to-Start (mc nh ny do ngi dng thit lp), sau ta c
th thay i.
Khi ca s gn cng vic ng trc hoc ng sau xut hin, ta c th nhm v sp xp th

t cc cng vic ny.
Tm lc
S mng th hin tnh logic gia cc cng vic ca d n, n cho thy c lin
h, ph thuc vo nhau gia cc cng vic.
C bn loi quan h: Finish-to-Start, Start-to-Start, Finish-to-Finish, v Start-to-
Finish. Quan h mc nh l Finish-to-Start.
S dng khong tr tr hon tin gia mt cng vic vi cng vic ng sau.
Ta c th to mi quan h qua hai giao din l Activity Network v Activity Details.
23
Ch 8:
Chy tin (Schedule)

Phng php ng Gng (Critical Path Method)
Ngy cht d liu (Data Date)
Cc bc to bng tin ca phn mm
Cch chy tin trong phn mm
Quan h iu khin

24
Phng php ng Gng (Critical Path)

Phng php ng Gng c s dng tnh ton bn tin cho d n. Vi phng
php ny th thi gian v mi quan h gia cc cng vic s c s dng to nn ng
Gng.
Khi nim ng Gng
ng gng l tp hp chui cc cng vic m n quyt nh ngy kt thc d n.

Thi gian cc cng vic trn ng Gng s quyt nh thi gian ca d n. Bt c s
tr hon tin no xy ra vi cc cng vic nm trn ng Gng s tr hon ngy
kt thc d n.
C 2 phng php xc nh ng Gng l : tng thi gian d tr (total float) v
ng di nht (longest path).
Ngy cht d liu (Data Date)

L ngy c s dng nh im mc bt u cho vic tnh ton tin . c s dng cho
vic tnh ton tin cc cng vic cn phi lm.
Khi cn giai on hoch nh th ngy Data Date trng vi ngy khi cng d n.
25
Cc bc to bng tin ca phn mm

Phng php tnh ti (Forward Pass)
Bc forward pass tnh ngy sm (early dates) ca cng vic.

Ngy sm (Early dates) l thi gian sm nht m cng vic c th bt u hoc hon
thnh.
Bc tnh ton ny s bt u vi cng vic ng u tin ca bng tin .
Cng thc tnh ngy Early Finish : Early Start (ES) + Duration - 1 = Early Finish (EF)

26
Phng php tnh li (Backward Pass)
Bc backward pass tnh ngy tr (late dates) ca cng vic.

Ngy tr (Late dates) l thi gian tr nht m cng vic c th bt u hoc hon
thnh m khng lm tr hon tin ca d n.
Bc tnh ton ny s bt u vi cng vic ng cui cng ca bng tin .
Vi nhng d n ta khng cung cp gi tr ngy Must Finish By, cng vic cui
cng s c gn gi tr ngy Late Finish bng vi gi tr ngy Early Finish c
tnh bc trn (Forward Pass).
Cng thc tnh ngy Late Start : Late Finish (LF) - Duration + 1 = Late Start (LS)
Thi gian d tr (Total Float)
L khong thi gian cng vic c th tr hon so vi ngy bt u m khng lm nh

hng n ngy kt thc d n.
L khong thi gian tnh t ngy sm (early dates) cho n ngy tr (late dates).
Cc cng vic c gi tr Total Float bng 0 th s nm trn ng Gng.
Late date - Early date = Total Float (TF)
Gi tr Total Float ca cng vic c t ng tnh ton mi khi ta chy chc nng
lp tin ca phn mm. Ta khng th trc tip hiu chnh gi tr ny.
ng Gng l tp hp chui cc cng vic m quyt nh ngy kt thc d n. Cng
vic B v C l nhng cng vic nm trn ng Gng nh hnh bn di.
27
LS LF
Positive float
ES EF
Positive float
LS LF
Zero float
(critical)
ES EF
LS LF
Negative Float
(extremely
critical) ES EF
Negative float
ng Gng ca tin

28
Trng hp tnh li (Backward Pass) khi c gi tr Must Finish by
Hu ht cc d n u c gi tr quy nh ngy kt thc Must Finish by.

Cng vic cui cng s c gn gi tr ngy Late Finish bng vi gi tr ngy
Must Finish by.
Cc cng vic ng trc s c tnh ngy Late Date theo cng thc : Late Finish
- Duration + 1 = Late Start
Quan h vng lp (Loops)
Loops m ch mi quan h b ri vo vng lp khi lin kt cc cng vic li vi nhau.

Primavera s khng tnh ton bng tin khi tn ti quan h vng lp gia cc cng vic.
Mt ca s s hin ra bo cho ta thy cc cng vic c quan h vng lp.
Cng tc Cng tc Cng tc

A B C
Mi quan h vng lp gia cc cng vic

29
Cng vic u cui (Open Ends)
Open Ends l cng vic m trong bng tin n khng c cng vic ng trc
(predecessor) hoc cng vic ng sau (successor).
Cng vic u (No predecessor) Trong bng tin cng vic ny s ly ngy
cht d liu (data date) lm ngy bt u sm (Early Start) ca n.
Cng vic cui (No successor) Trong bng tin cng vic ny s ly ngy
kt thc d n (project finish) lm ngy kt thc tr (Late Finish) ca n.
Vic s dng sai cc cng vic u cui trong bng tin c th gy ra sai lch v
thi gian d tr (total float) ca cc cng vic.
10 70 FINISH
START
20 30 50 60 80 90
40
Lu : Primavera khuyn co mi d n ch nn c 2 cng vic u cui, mt cng vic bt

u v mt cng vic kt thc. Thng thng n s l 2 mc thi gian : Start Milestone v
Finish Milestone.
10 Oops! Open 70 FINISH

ends.
START
20 30 50 60 80 90
40
VD: ta c mt trng hp xut hin Open-end cng vic 30 v 50.

Trong trng hp ny khi chy chc nng to bng tin , phn mm s ly ngy data
date lm ngy Early Start cho cng vic 50, v ly ngy project finish lm ngy Late
Finish cho cng vic 30.

30
To bng tin cho d n (Scheduling a Project)

Khi chy tnh nng to bng tin cho d n, ngy ca cc cng vic s c tnh ton theo
gi tr thi gian (durations) v mi quan h (relationship).
Ta c th to file ghi ch (log) trong qu trnh to bng tin .
Sau khi chy tnh nng ny, ta s thy s thay i v tr cc cng vic trn biu Gantt
Chart. Cc cng vic c sp xp theo thi gian v theo th t logic. Cc cng vic nm
trn ng Gng s c th hin bng mu .
File ghi ch (Schedule Log)

File Log s ghi li cc thng tin nh:
Cc thng s hiu chnh chc nng chy tin (Scheduling settings)
D liu thng k
Cc li
Cc cnh bo
Kt qu sau khi chy
Quan h iu khin (driving relationship)

Trong bng tin c nhng cng vic c ngy Early Start c quyt nh bng cng vic
ng trc (predecessor). Mi quan h gia hai cng vic ny c gi l quan h iu khin
(driving relationship).
ng ni lin gia cc cng vic biu hin cho quan h iu khin (driving
relationship).
ng ni t nt gia cc cng vic biu hin cho quan h khng phi iu khin
(quan h bnh thng).
Tm lc
Sau khi thit lp cc mi quan h, chy chc nng to bng tin bit c cc
cng vic din ra khi no.
ng gng l tp hp chui cc cng vic m n quyt nh ngy kt thc d n.
Khi s dng phng php Critical Path Method, bc forward pass tnh ngy sm
(early dates) ca cng vic, bc backward pass tnh ngy tr (late dates) ca cng
vic.
L ngy c s dng nh im mc bt u cho vic tnh ton tin . c s
dng cho vic tnh ton tin cc cng vic cn phi lm.
Thi gian d tr (Total Float) l khong thi gian cng vic c th tr hon so vi
ngy bt u m khng lm nh hng n ngy kt thc d n.
Sau khi chy tnh nng to bng tin , kt qu c th c lu vo file Log.
31
Ch 9 :
Gn rng buc (Constraints)

nh ngha rng buc
Cc loi rng buc thng dng

32
Rng buc (Constraints)

L cc iu kin c p t ln cc cng vic nhm thay i gi tr ngy ca cng vic m
khng phi tc ng n mi quan h (relationship) hay thi gian (duration).
Ta s dng rng buc gip bng tin d n tr nn linh ng hn, ph hp vi hon cnh
thc t, d dng kim sot c gi tr ngy trong d n. Ta c th gn rng buc cp d
n hoc cp cng vic.
Rng buc c gn bi ngi dng.
Mt cng vic c th c gn ti a 2 rng buc.
Sau khi gn rng buc, ta phi chy li tnh nng to bng tin cp nht cc gi
tr ngy.
Cc loi rng buc thng dng

Phi hon thnh vo (Must Finish By)
c s dng khi cn tc ng n ton b d n.

p buc tt c cc cng vic phi hon thnh trc ngy ch nh.
Mc nh, thi gian c tnh l 12:00 am. Ngha l nu ta mun d n kt thc
vo cui ngy 1-11, ta gn gi tr Must Finish By l 02-11.
nh hng n thi gian d tr (total float) ca tt c cng vic trong d n.
c ci t th Dates trong phn Project Details.
Bt u vo hoc sau (Start On or After)
c s dng khi cn tc ng n ngy bt u sm (early start) ca cng vic.

p buc cng vic khng th bt u sm hn ngy ch nh
Lm cho ngy early start ging vi ngy constraint date
nh hng n ngy early dates ca cc cng vic ng sau (successors)
LS LF LS LF
Cng tc Cng tc
A B
ES * EF ES EF
33
LS LF LS LF
Cng tcCng tc Cng tcCng tc
A A B B
ES ES* EF EF ES ES EF EF
To ghi ch (Notebook Topic)
Khi gn rng buc cho cng vic, ta nn to ghi ch gii thch l do s dng rng
buc . Ta c th dng th Notebook trong ca s Activities to cc ghi ch
ny.
Hon thnh vo hoc trc (Finish On or Before)
c s dng khi cn tc ng n ngy hon thnh tr (late finish) ca cng vic

p buc cng vic khng th hon thnh tr hn ngy ch nh
Lm cho ngy late finish ging vi ngy constraint date
nh hng n ngy late dates ca cc cng vic ng trc (predecessors)
LS LF LS LF *
A B
ES EF ES EF
LS LS LF LF LS LS LF * LF
Cng tC
c ng tc Cng tcCng tc
A A B B
ES EF ES EF

34
Bt u vo... (Start On)
p buc cng vic phi bt u vo ngy ch nh. N di ngy Early Start v Late Start li
ng ngy constraint date.
Bt u vo... hoc trc (Start On or Before)
p buc cng vic bt u khng tr hn ngy ch nh.

Lm cho ngy Late Start ging vi ngy constraint date.
nh hng n ngy late dates ca cc cng vic ng trc (predecessors).
c s dng quy nh thi hn cui cng bt u mt cng vic.
Hon thnh vo... (Finish On)
p buc cng vic phi hon thnh vo ngy ch nh. N di ngy Early Finish v Late
Finish li ng ngy constraint date.
Hon thnh vo... hoc sau (Finish On or After)
p buc cng vic khng th kt thc sm hn ngy ch nh.

Lm cho ngy Early Finish ging vi ngy constraint date.
nh hng n ngy early dates ca cc cng vic ng sau (successors).
c s dng trnh tnh trng mt cng vic kt thc qu sm.
Cng tr cng tt (As Late As Possible)
Tr hon tin cng vic cng tr cng tt m khng lm tr hon cc cng vic ng sau
(successors).
Lm cho ngy early dates tr hon cng nhiu cng tt.
Cng c gi l rng buc zero free float.
T xc nh ngy bt u v ngy hon thnh (Mandatory Start and Finish)
Xc nh ngy bt u v ngy kt thc cng vic theo ngi dng.

Vi la chn ny s tc ng ti ngy tr ca cng vic ng trc v ngy sm ca
cng vic ng sau.
Network logic c th b can thip trong trng hp ny.
Tm lc
Gn cc rang buc cho cc cng vic v d n phn nh ng yu cu thc t.
Mt cng vic c th gn ti a hai rang buc
Rng buc Must Finish By ch c s dng khi ngy hon thnh ca d n c
xc nh.
S dng rng buc Start On or After xc nh ngy sm nht ca mt cng vic.
35
Ch 10 :
Hiu chnh giao din (layout)

Nhm d liu
Sp xp cng vic
Lc cng vic
To b lc
S dng cng lc nhiu b lc

36
Nhm d liu (Grouping Data)

L gom cc d liu c cng thuc tnh thnh mt loi.
Ta c th nhm d liu v lu li thnh nhng giao din (layout) khc nhau. S dng chc
nng nhm th hin d liu tng hp ca mt nhm cc cng vic trn Activity table, trn
biu Gantt Chart, v trn cc bo co.
Chc nng nhm c th c s dng hu ht cc ca s trong Primavera.
Mi ca s s c cc ty chn ring cho chc nng nhm.
Mt s ca s c cc tiu ch nhm do Primavera nh ngha.
Cng vic c th c nhm theo dng phn cp bng cc gi tr nh WBS, m cng
vic, v m d n.
Ngoi ra cng c th nhm cng vic theo cc gi tr nh ngy, chi ph, thi gian d
tr (Total Float)...
Ca s nhm v sp xp
c dng t chc nhm v sp xp cc cng vic.

Show Group Totals Chn hin th gi tr tng hp. Nu chn ch ny ta s c
thm 2 ty chn con.
Show Grand Totals Chn hin th gi tr tng hp cao nht trn cng.
Show Summaries Only Chn ch hin th gi tr tng hp (giu i cc cng
vic).
Shrink Vertical Grouping Bands Ti thiu ha rng cc thanh tng hp ng trn
ca s Activity Table.
Group By Danh sch cc tiu ch nhm d liu.
Indent c s dng khi tiu ch nhm c tnh phn cp.
To Level Ch ra s cp mun hin th khi tiu ch nhm c tnh phn cp.
Group Interval Ch ra n v ca tiu ch nhm.
Font & Color Chn font ch v mu cho cc thanh tng hp d liu (group title
band).
Hide if empty Chn Nn i cc nhm khng c d liu bn trong.
Sort Bands Alphabetically Chn bt buc cc nhm sp xp theo th t abc m
khng theo th t cu trc phn cp. Ty chn ny ch c cc tiu ch nhm c tnh
phn cp.
Show Title Chn hin th tn tiu ch nhm trn tiu cc nhm d liu.
Show ID/Code Chn hin th m ID trn tiu cc nhm d liu.
Show Name/Description Chn hin th tn.
Thu li / m rng (Collapsing/Expanding) cc nhm d liu
Thu li cc nhm d liu gip ta kim sot mc chi tit cn th hin. Chc nng ny rt
hu ch khi ta mun ch tp trung vo mt phn no ca bng tin .
Sp xp cng vic
Vic sp xp quyt nh th t cc cng vic c lit k trong mi nhm d liu. Ta c th
sp xp theo abc, theo s lng, hoc theo thi gian.
37
Lc cng vic (Filtering Activities)

B lc (filter) l tp hp cc iu kin quyt nh cng vic no c th hin trn mn hnh.
Chc nng ny gip ta to c cc giao din lm vic khc nhau, gip ta tp trung vo cc
cng vic then cht.
Phn mm c cung cp sn mt s b lc thng dng. Ngoi ra ta c th t to cc b lc mi

ph hp yu cu doanh nghip.
B lc c chia lm 3 cp:
Mc nh (Default)
Tng th (Global)
Ngi dng (User-defined)
C th s dng phi hp cng lc nhiu b lc.

Mt b lc c th cha bn trong nhiu iu kin.
Sau khi c nh ngha, b lc s c lu li v s dng cho cc ln sau.
B lc c th c lu theo layout.
Ca s b lc (Filter dialog)
All Activities Chn hin th tt c cng vic.

Show activities that match Khi mun phi hp nhiu b lc ta phi chn thm:
All selected filters Chn hin th cc cng vic p ng tt c b lc.
Any selected filter Chn hin th cc cng vic p ng bt c b lc no.
Replace activities shown in current layout Chn hin th cc cng vic p ng
b lc (Nn tt c cc cng vic cn li).
Highlight activities in current layout which match criteria Chn t sng cc cng
vic p ng b lc (cc cng vic cn li khng c t sng).
To b lc
Ta c th to b lc da trn mt iu kin hay nhiu iu kin.
Phn mm cung cp mt b lc thng dng l Look ahead. N s lc ra cc cng vic c

hoch nh thc hin vo thi gian sp ti, v d nh thng ti.
Tm lc
S dng chc nng nhm v sp xp t chc d liu cho hp l.

Chc nng nhm c th c s dng hu ht cc ca s trong Primavera.
Ca s Group and Sort cho php th hin gi tr tng hp, chnh sa font v mu
sc. Ta c th sp xp cc nhm theo abc, theo s lng, hoc theo thi gian.
B lc (filter) l tp hp cc iu kin quyt nh cng vic no c th hin trn
mn hnh. C th s dng phi hp cng lc nhiu b lc.

38
Ch 11:
Vai tr v ngun lc
Khi nim Vai tr, Ngun lc
To vai tr
To ngun lc
Ca s chi tit ngun lc

39
Khi nim Vai tr, Ngun lc

Vai tr - L mt k nng hay chc v trong doanh nghip. VD: K s phn mm, Nh
qun l d n, k s cng trng...
Ngun lc L mt c nhn (hoc thit b, vt liu) c s dng hon tt cng
vic.
T in vai tr (Role dictionary) v t in ngun lc (Resource dictionary) l loi d liu

cp tng th - c th c s dng tt c cc d n. Sau khi to vai tr v ngun lc, vai tr
c th c gn vo ngun lc, ch ra k nng ca ngun lc. Mi ngun lc s c gn
mt vai tr chnh (primary role), cho thy k nng chnh ca ngun lc.
Cc doanh nghip thng s dng vai tr nh mt ngun lc o, tm thi gn vo cng vic

tnh ton chi ph, n khi c ngun lc tht th s thay th vo.
Relationship Between Roles and Resources

Roles Dictionary
Civil Cost Database Mechanical Project System
Engineer Engineer Administrator Engineer Manager Analyst
Ben Diamond
Bob Patterson
Charles North
Resource Pool
Oliver Rock
Paul Kim
Sue White
Tim Harris
Wendy Resner
Resources primary role in the organization Resources role in the organization
To vai tr
T in vai tr (Roles dictionary) bao gm bn th:
Th tng qut (General tab) Lit k m vai tr, tn vai tr. Phn Responsibilities
lit k cc k nng vi tr ny ang c.
Th ngun lc (Resources tab) Lit k cc ngun lc c kh nng m nhim vai tr
ny, n cng th hin mc thnh tho (proficiency).
Th gi (Prices tab) Ta c th nh ngha 5 loi gi. Tn cc loi gi c nh
ngha trong Admin Preferences.
Th gii hn (Limits tab) Xc nh gii hn kh nng lao ng ca vai tr. Nhiu
mc gii hn c th c to da theo ngy.

40
Th gii hn (Limits Tab)

S dng th limit xc nh s gi lao ng ti a m vai tr c th m nhim.
Xc nh gii hn s gip ta thy c phn vic qu ti m vai tr phi gnh chu. Ta
c th nh ngha nhiu mc gii hn cho mt vai tr tuy nhin ngy c tc dng ca
cc mc gii hn khng c trng nhau.
Mc nh, gi tr gii hn ca vai tr bng vi gi tr gii hn ca ngun lc chnh
(primary resource) ca vai tr y. Trong nhiu trng hp n khng phn nh ng
gii hn ca vai tr. Trong User Preferences -> Resource Analysis, ta c th chn
th hin gii hn vai tr da trn gi tr ta nh ngha hoc da trn gii hn ngun
lc chnh.
To ngun lc
Ngun lc l mi th c s dng hon thnh cng vic. Ca s ngun lc cung cp
thng tin v tt c ngun lc trong doanh nghip. Ngun lc c chia lm 3 loi:
Con ngi (Labor) c o lng bng thi gian.
c ti s dng cc cng vic hoc d n.
c tnh ton theo gi/n v thi gian (price/unit) - VD, $50.00/gi.
My mc/thit b (Nonlabor) - c o lng bng thi gian.
c tnh ton theo gi/n v thi gian (price/unit) - VD, $465.00/gi.
Nguyn vt liu (Material) c o lng bng n v, ch khng phi thi gian -
VD, $4.50/m3. Cc n v o lng c nh ngha trong Admin Categories. n
v o lng s c gn cho vt liu trong cc bc to vt liu.
Ca s chi tit ngun lc

S dng ca s ny to mi, xem, chnh sa cc thng tin chi tit v ngun lc.
Th tng qut (General Tab)
Th tng qut cho php ta nhp cc thng tin nh m ngun lc (resource's ID), tn, m s
nhn vin, chc v, a ch e-mail...
Th m (Codes Tab)
Cho php ta gn m cho ngun lc. B m s phc v cho nhu cu nhm v sp xp ngun
lc sau ny.
Th chi tit (Details Tab)
Cho php ta nhp cc thng tin chi tit v ngun lc.

Resource Type Xc nh loi ngun lc (Labor, Nonlabor hoc Material).
Unit of Measure Xc nh n v o lng nu ta chn loi ngun lc l vt liu.
Currency Xc nh loi tin t ngun lc s dng.
Overtime Allowed Chn cho php ngun lc lm ngoi gi.
Overtime Factor Xc nh ch s nhn cho gi lm ngoi gi.
Calendar Xc nh lch lm vic ca ngun lc.
Default Units/Time Xc nh ch s units/time mc nh s c p dng khi gn
ngun lc cho cng vic.
41
Auto Compute Actuals Chn phn mm t ng cp nht d liu thc t ca

ngun lc theo tin cng vic.
Calculate costs from units Chn phn mm t ng cp nht gi khi n v thi
gian unit thay i.
Th n v & gi (Units & Prices Tab)
Cho php ta xc nh gi v gii hn ngun lc.

Effective Date Ngy c hiu lc.
Max Units/Time Xc nh s lng n v (gi) ti a ngun lc c th m nhim
trn mt n v thi gian (ngy). VD: 8 gi/ngy. Xc nh mc gii hn ngun lc
ny gip ta d dng thy c cc ngun lc b qu ti khi phn tch ngun lc.
Price/Unit Xc nh gi cho ngun lc.
Tm lc
Vai tr - L mt k nng hay chc v trong doanh nghip. VD: K s phn mm, Nh
qun l d n, k s cng trng...
Ngun lc L mt c nhn (hoc thit b, vt liu) c s dng hon tt cng
vic.
Vai tr c th c gn vo ngun lc, ch ra k nng ca ngun lc.
Ngun lc c chia lm 3 loi: Labor; Nonlabor; Material.

42
Ch 12:
Gn Vai tr (Role)
Gn Role cho cng vic
Gn gi cho Role
43
Gn Role cho cng vic

Khi cng vic i hi mt k nng lm vic c th no nhng bn cha bit chnh xc tn
ngi s thc hin cng vic ,ta c th gn role cho cng vic . N ng vai tr nh mt
ngun lc tm, sau ny ta c th gn ngun lc thc t vo.
gn role cho cng vic, bm Add Role th Resources trong phn Activity Details.
Gn cng lc nhiu Role cho cng vic
Gi phm Control v chn nhiu Role mt lc gn.
Gn Role cho nhiu cng vic cng lc
Chn nhiu cng vic v bm Roles trong thanh Command bn phi mn hnh.
chn nhiu cng vic cng lc:

Nu cc cng vic lin tc: chn cng vic u, gi nt Shift sau chn cng vic
cui.
Nu cc cng vic khng lin tc: gi nt Ctrl v chn cc cng vic ring r.
Gn gi cho Role
Loi gi c gn cho Role trong th Resource phn Activity Details.
Loi gi s quyt nh (gi tin) / (n v thi gian) c dng tnh chi ph. Tn ca loi
gi c nh ngha bi ngi qun tr h thng trong th Rate Types, thuc Admin
Preferences. Khi chn loi gi, gi tr tin s c cp nht trong ct (gi tin) / (n v thi
gian).
Tm lc
Vi gn role ng vai tr nh mt ngun lc tm, sau ny ta c th gn ngun lc

thc t vo..
Ta c th gn mt role vo mt cng vic; nhiu role vo mt cng vic; hoc mt
role vo nhiu cng vic.
Ta c th gn gi cho role. Loi gi s quyt nh (gi tin) / (n v thi gian) c
dng tnh chi ph.

44
Ch 13:
Gn ngun lc v chi ph trong Primavera

Cc bc qun l ngun lc
Gn thng qua Role
Gn ngun lc
Hoch nh chi ph
45
Cc bc qun l ngun lc
C nhng bc c bn sau:
Xc nh kh nng cung ng ca ngun lc.

nh ngha tn ngun lc, ghi ch, chi ph, k nng (role), v cc c im khc s c
nh hng n bn tin .
Gn ngun lc v khi lng cng vic phi lm.
Chi ph s c tnh bng khi lng cng vic nhn vi (gi tin) / (n v thi
gian).
Dng Resource Usage Profile xem thng tin v khi lng cng vic / chi ph di
dng biu . Biu tm lc ny s cho ta thy thi gian cc ngun lc c phn
b.
Dng Resource Usage Spreadsheet xem thng tin v khi lng cng vic / chi ph
di dng bng tnh. Thng tin s c th hin chi tit hn.
Gn ngun lc thng qua Role

Vic gn ngun lc s c thc hin bng cch thay th role bng mt ngun lc c th.
s dng tnh nng ny th cng vic phi c t nht mt role c gn. Khi s dng tnh
nng ny ch c nhng ngun lc c role mi c hin th trong khung Assign
Resources.
Khi gn ngun lc thng qua role, mt bng xc nhn s hin ra nu ngun lc c chn
thay th cho role c cc thng s v khi lng cng vic v chi ph khc nhau. Cc thng s
bao gm Price/Time, Units/Time, v Overtime Factor.
C 2 cch chn la:
Bm No : s dng thng s ca role.
Bm Yes : s dng thng s ca ngun lc.
Gn ngun lc thng qua role ln nhiu cng vic cng lc
Ta c th chn cng lc nhiu cng vic thay th role. V cng c th gn nhiu ngun lc
cng lc ln nhng cng vic .
Gn ngun lc
Nu cng vic khng c gn role ta c th gn trc tip ngun lc vo cng vic. Ta c th
gn khng gii hn s lng ngun lc vo mt cng vic.
Tnh nng Search gip ta c th tm n mt ngun lc c th.
Ty vo loi cng vic hoc ngun lc, sau khi gn ta c th chnh thng s Budgeted Units
hoc Units/Time cho ph hp vi yu cu.
Budgeted Units : Lng thi gian tng cng ngun lc c gn cho cng vic. VD :
80 gi.
Units/Time : Lng n v thi gian (gi) ngun lc c phn cng lm trn mt
khong thi gian. VD : 8 gi/ngy.
Gn ngun lc cho loi cng vic Level of Effort

46
Khi gn ngun lc, cng thc sau s c p dng : Duration x Units/Time = Units. Thng
thng ngun lc khng dnh ton b thi gian cho cng vic loi ny. V th sau khi gn, ta
nn hiu chnh thng s Units/Time cho ph hp.
Quy nh ngun lc chnh (Primary Resource)
Ngun lc chnh l ngi c trch nhim iu phi cc hot ng ca cng vic. Mt cng
vic c th c mt hoc khng c ngun lc chnh.
Khi s dng Timesheet ch c ngun lc chnh c php gi feedback v cho nh
qun l d n, thng bo tnh trng cng vic.
Ngun lc chnh c th c gn cho loi cng vic milestone c th cp nht
thng tin qua Timesheet.
Ngun lc chnh c th cp nht tnh trng cc bc cng vic (Step) thng qua
Timesheet.
Nu nhiu ngun lc c gn cho cng vic th mc nh ngun lc u tin s l
ngun lc chnh.
Hoch nh chi ph
Ch ph c hoc nh v kim sot cp cng vic. C 2 loi chi ph:
Ngun lc : c tnh da trn vic gn ngun lc.
Chi ph khc (Expense) : khong chi ph c nhp th cng vo mt ln.
Chi ph cho Ngun lc
c tnh da trn Price/Unit (nh ngha khi to ngun lc) v Budgeted Units (nh ngha
khi gn ngun lc).
Budgeted Cost = Budgeted Units x Price/Unit
Chi ph khc
L chi ph khng thuc ngun lc nhng li lin quan n d n. Chng thng l nhng loi
chi ph mt ln, v khng c tnh s dng li. VD: chi ph i li, hun luyn
Chi ph khc c nhp th cng cp tng cng vic. Ta c th nhp mt s tng cng
(lump sum) hoc nhp s lng (units) v n gi (Price/Unit).
Ta c th gn loi chi ph d phn bit.
Chi ph c th c tnh vo ngy bt u hoc kt thc cng vic; hoc ri u sut
khong thi gian cng vic c thc hin.
Ct n v o (unit of measure) dng ghi ch n v o nu ta dng hnh thc units
x price/unit.
Th Tng hp (Summary)
Dng hin th cc thng tin nh khi lng cng vic (unit), chi ph (cost), ngy bt u,
kt thc cng vic.
Ta c th chn hin th chi ph cng vic. Chi ph cng vic c th c phn chia lm cc
loi:
Labor Cost (Nhn cng)
Nonlabor Cost (My mc)
Material Cost (Nguyn vt liu)
47
Expenses (chi ph chung)

Total Cost (Tng ph)
Tm lc
C 3 bc c bn trong qun l ngun lc : nh ngha ngun lc; gn ngun lc; v
phn tch ngun lc.
Ta c th gn ngun lc bng cch thay th mt role c sn. s dng tnh nng
ny, cng vic phi c t nht mt role c gn.
Nu khng s dng role nh mt ngun lc tm, ta c th gn trc tip ngun lc.
Khi gn ngun lc cho cng vic, cng thc sau s c p dng: Duration x
Units/Time = Units.
Sau khi gn ngun lc, ta c th hiu chnh thng s Units/Time hoc Budgeted
Units. V ta c th quy nh ngun lc chnh.

48
Ch 14:
Phn tch ngun lc

Hiu chnh tnh nng phn tch ngun lc
Biu s dng ngun lc
Th hin biu s dng ngun lc

49
Hiu chnh tnh nng phn tch ngun lc

Biu s dng ngun lc, c th hin trn ca s cng vic, cho ta thy c s phn b
ngun lc theo thi gian. Ta c th quy nh d liu c th hin th no bng cch hiu
chnh mc User Preferences -> Resource Analysis:
All Project:
All closed projects (except what-if projects) : th hin d liu tt c d n ngoi tr
d n tnh trng what-if
All closed projects with a leveling priority : th hin d liu tt c d n vi iu
kin l thng s priority.
Opened projects only : th hin d liu d n ang m.
Time-Distributed Data:
D liu phn b da theo ngy Remaining Early hoc Forecast dates
Chn n v thi gian th hin: hour, day, week, or month.
Biu s dng ngun lc

Biu s dng ngun lc th hin s phn b ngun lc theo thi gian. N cho thy lng
cng vic phi lm ca ngun lc trn mt khong thi gian xc nh trong d n.
Vi biu ta c th xc nh mi ngun lc c hoch nh lm bao nhiu gi; xc nh

c ngun lc b qu ti; theo di chi ph trong tng khong thi gian.
Th hin d liu t mt d n hoc tt c d n m ta c php truy cp.
Th hin d liu v ngun lc hoc role.
Ta c th th hin nhng gi tr sau trn biu :

Budgeted units/costs
Actual units/costs
Remaining Early units/costs
Remaining Late units/costs
Thanh thi gian ca biu s ging vi thanh thi gian ca Gantt Chart.
Ta c th nh dng ct, nhm, sp xp, v lc cc tn ngun lc.
Biu c th c lu cng layout.
Th hin biu s dng ngun lc

Biu s dng ngun lc gip ta thy c ngun lc no ang b qu ti hoc ngun lc
no ang s dng di mc cho php (ang lng ph ti nguyn).
Th hin d liu tt c d n hoc d n ang m

Nu trong phn User Preferences ta chn All closed projects (except what-if projects),
ta c th th hin:
Tt c d n ang m.
Tt c d n ngoi tr d n tnh trng what-if.
Ty chn ny nm khung bn phi, thanh Display.
Khi chn th hin d liu nhng d n ang m, ta c th lc ra ch th hin
nhng cng vic thuc mt ngun lc no , hoc lc theo khong thi gian (Time
Period).

50
nh dng biu
Biu c th c nh dng trong phn Resource Usage Profile Options.
Th Data:
Display : cho th hin chi ph hay Units.
Show Bars/Curves : Chn cc gi tr cn th hin v chn mu.
Show Remaining Bars As : Chn mu th hin thanh ngy early v
late.
Additional Data Options : chn th hin ng gii hn ngun lc;
phn qu ti ca ngun lc; kh nng ngun lc; thi gian tng ca.
Th Graph:
Vertical Lines : th hin cc ng phn cch thanh thi gian.
Horizontal Lines : chn kiu ng nm ngang v mu sc.
Additional display options:
Show Legend : th hin khung ch gii.
3D Bars : th hin hiu ng 3D.
Background Color : chn mu nn.
nh dng thanh thi gian

Ta c th nh dng thanh thi gian trn biu .
Timescale Start : ngy bt u.
Date Interval : chn n v cho thanh thi gian.
C th nh dng bng cch sau:
R chut ti thanh thi gian, bm v ko ni rng hay thu hp thanh
thi gian.
Tm lc
Biu s dng ngun lc cho ta thy c s phn b ngun lc theo thi gian. N
cho thy lng cng vic phi lm ca ngun lc trn mt khong thi gian xc nh
trong d n.
Vi biu ta c th xc nh mi ngun lc c hoch nh lm bao nhiu gi; xc
nh c ngun lc b qu ti; theo di chi ph trong tng khong thi gian.
Ta c th quy nh d liu c th hin th no bng cch hiu chnh mc User
Preferences -> Resource Analysis.
Ta c th nh dng biu trong thanh Display Option.
51
Ch 15:
Ti u ha k hoch d n
Phn tch d n
Phn tch ngy trn bng tin
Phn tch s phn b ngun lc
Phn tch ngn sch

52
Phn tch d n
Sau khi to k hoch cho d n, phi chc chn n p ng c cc yu cu ca ch u t
v ngy, ngun lc, v chi ph. Nu c s khc bit gia k hoch d n v cc yu cu ca
d n, ta phi xc nh nguyn nhn vn v tm hng gii quyt:
Phn tch v tin : xem xt bn tin m bo cc mc thi gian c p

ng.
Phn tch vic phn b ngun lc : m bo cc ngun lc khng b tnh trng qu ti.
Phn tch v ngn sch : nh gi ngn sch d n chnh xc.
Mi quan h gia Thi gian Ngun lc Chi ph
Phn tch v tin

Ngy quan trng nht trong bn tin l ngy kt thc d n. Nu ngy kt thc d n vt
qu ngy Must Finish by, d n phi c rt ngn. Hn na cc gi cng vic trong d n
phi c sp xp hon thnh theo thi hn t ra ca ch u t.
Cc bc phn tch:
So snh ngy hon thnh d n vi ngy Must Finish By.
Sao lu d n.
Tp trung vo cc cng vic then cht (critical).
Rt ngn d n.
So snh ngy hon thnh d n vi ngy Must Finish By

53
Ta c th thy c cc d liu ngy trong ca s Project -> Phn Project Detail ->
Th Date.
Tp trung vo cc cng vic then cht (critical)

Critical activities l tp hp cc cng vic quyt nh ngy kt thc ca d n. Nu
iu chnh critical activity, ngy kt thc d n chc chn s thay i.
Rt ngn d n
Nu qu trnh phn tch cho thy ngy Must Finish By khng c p ng, ta cn tp
trung rt ngn bn tin . Cc phng php gip ta t c mc tiu:
Tinh chnh li thi gian dnh cho cng vic:
Gim bt cc cng vic c thi gian di.
Gn thm ngun lc gim thi gian.
Cho cc cng vic thc hin song song nu c th.
Thm/chnh sa cc rng buc.
Thay i lch lm vic:
Gn lch lm vic di hn cho cc cng vic critical.
Thm ngy lm vic vo cc ngy ngh.
Kim tra
Kim tra xem d n kt thc ng ngy mong mun, phi m bo khng c gi tr
Total Float m tt c cc cng vic trong d n.
Phn tch s phn b ngun lc

K hoch d n c ci thin hon thnh ng yu cu. Trc khi bt u ta phi m
bo cc ngun lc c phn b hp l.
Ta c th dng biu s dng ngun lc xc nh ngun lc no qu ti hoc di mc

cho php. Sau gn li ngun lc cn bng lng cng vic.
Xc nh ngun lc qu ti
Biu s dng ngun lc cho php ta lc ra cc cng vic khin ngun lc b qu
ti.
Cn bng ngun lc
Mt vi phng php gip ta cn bng ngun lc:
Thay th ngun lc b qu ti bng ngun lc khc.
Tng ngy lm vic ca ngun lc.
Tng gi lm vic ca ngun lc.
Gn thm ngun lc cho cng vic.
Phn tch ngn sch

C nhiu cch thc phn tch ngn sch. Cho th hin ct chi ph trong ca s Activity, ta
c th phn tch ngn sch ca ton b d n hoc tng cng vic.

54
Tm lc
Ti u k hoch d n l bc cui cng trong tin trnh hoch nh d n. Phi m
bo d n tha mn c cc yu cu v tin , ngun lc, v chi ph.
Nu ngy kt thc d n vt qu ngy Must Finish by, d n phi c rt ngn.
Ta c th thy c cc d liu ngy trong ca s Project -> Phn Project Detail ->
Th Date.
Ta c nhiu phng php rt ngn d n nh l tinh chnh thi gian cng vic,
chnh sa cc mi quan h, s dng rng buc, tt c phi tp trung vo cc cng vic
critical.
S dng biu ngun lc m bo cc ngun lc khng b qu ti.
Xem xt chi ph m bo d n hon thnh ng ngn sch.
55
Ch 16:
To baseline cho d n
nh ngha Baselines
To Baseline
Hin th Baseline

56
Baselines
Baseline (ng c s) l mt bn sao ca d n c dng so snh vi d n hin ti
nh gi tin trin ca d n. Thng thng baseline c to ngay sau khi hon thnh bc
hoch nh, trc ln cp nht d liu u tin.
Baselines cung cp cho ta s liu chuNn ban u c th theo di chi ph, tin v ngun
lc ca d n khi d n bc vo thc thi.
Cc tnh nng v baseline trong Primavera:

To khng gii hn s lng baseline trong mi d n.
C th gn mt baseline d n v 3 baseline ngi dng.
Phn loi baseline tin trong vic qun l.
To baseline
C th to baseline bng 2 cch:
To baseline t chnh d n ang m.
Chuyn i mt d n khc thnh baseline.
Sau khi to baseline, ta phi chn d n n gn vo. Baselines ch c th c gn cho cc

d n ang trng thi m. Tt c d n ang m s c hin th trong khung Maintain
Baselines.
Phn loi Baseline
Phn loi baseline c da trn mc ch s dng ca baseline. VD, loi Initial Plan c
dng cho cc d n phc tho, loi Mid-Project Status c dng sau khi d n bt u. Vic
phn loi baseline rt hu ch khi ta cn qun l nhiu baseline trn cng mt d n.
Gn baseline
Trong khung Assign Baselines ta c th chn gn baseline d n hoc baseline ngi dng.
Nu khng c baseline no c gn th d n s dng chnh n lm baseline.
Baseline d n c gn bi nh qun l d n.
c dng so snh tin , chi ph v ngun lc.
c th gn loi baseline ny user phi c b quyn : Maintain Project
Baselines.
Baseline ngi dng c gn bi ngi dng.
c dng so snh tin .
Mi user c th chn nhng baseline khc nhau.
57
Hin th ng baseline trn Gantt chart

Khung iu chnh Bar
Cho php hiu chnh loi, kch c, mu, v tr, v hnh dng ca cc bar trn Gantt Chart.
Trc thi gian - Bar c th hin theo trc thi gian c chn, VD: Actual Bar s
th hin t ngy Actual Start n ngy Actual Finish.
B lc - Bar s c th hin tt c cc cng vic tha mn iu kin ca b lc.
Th Bar Style cho php chn hnh dng, mu sc, v hoa vn bn trong cc bar.
Hnh dng chn hnh dng im bt u, im kt thc v hnh dng ca bar.
Mu sc chn mu sc cho im bt u, im kt thc v mu sc ca bar.
Hoa vn chn hoa vn th hin bn trong cc bar.
Hng Th hin v tr ca bar trn Gantt Chart.
Th hin Baseline Bars
Bng vic th hin baseline bars trn Gantt Chart, ta c th so snh thng s v ngy ca bn
k hoch baseline v bn k hoch hin ti.
Bn cnh cc bar mc nh ca Primavera, ta c th to thm nhiu loi bar khc da trn gi

tr ngy v b lc.
Chn gi tr trng Row s quyt nh v tr ca bar trn Gantt Chart.
Lu li Layout
Sau khi th hin baseline v hiu chnh nh , ta c th lu li Layout s dng v sau.
Th Bar Labels
Nhn tn c th c t sau cc bar trn Gantt Chart. VD: sau khi thm nhn ngy vo
bar, ta c th d dng thy c ngy bt u v kt thc cng vic trn Gantt Chart.
Tm lc
Baseline (ng c s) l mt bn sao ca d n c dng so snh vi d n hin

ti nh gi tin trin ca d n. Thng thng baseline c to ngay sau khi
hon thnh bc hoch nh, trc ln cp nht d liu u tin.
C th to baseline bng 2 cch: To baseline t chnh d n ang m; Chuyn i
mt d n khc thnh baseline.
Phn loi baseline c da trn mc ch s dng ca baseline.
Khung iu chn Bar cho php hiu chnh loi, kch c, mu, v tr, v hnh dng ca
cc bar trn Gantt Chart.

58
Ch 17:
Th vin ti liu ca d n
Ti liu d n
To mt ti liu
Gn ti liu cho cng vic
Xem ti liu
59
Ti liu d n
Ca s ti liu (Work Products and Documents window) cho php ta qun l cc thng tin
lin quan n ti liu ca d n, k c cc lin kt (link) ti file thc. Ti liu c t chc
lu tr theo cu trc phn cp hnh cy tin phn loi.
Ta c th to mt kho lu tr cc ti liu lin quan n d n, nhm cung cp cc hng dn

hoc nguyn tc trong vic thc hin cng vic.
Tt c ti liu c lu tr trn server.

Cp nht cc thng tin lin quan n ti liu nh: phin bn, ngy sa i, tc gi.
Cc ti liu trn Primavera s c link ti cc ti liu tht t trn server.
Ti liu c th c 2 dng l sn phNm (work product) hoc ti liu tham kho (reference
document):
Work product bao gm cc sn phNm s c giao cho khch hng hoc ngi chu
trch nhim. VD: file CAD, cc k hoch kim tra, v k hoch chi tit (blueprints).
Reference document bao gm cc ti liu s c tham kho bi cc thnh vin
tham gia d n h nm c cc hng dn, nguyn tc khi thc hin cng vic.
VD: cc vn bn hng dn, nguyn tc, quy trnh, mu thit k, mu kim tra, mu
chm cng.
To mu ti liu trong Primavera

Ti liu thc s khng c lu tr trong phn mm Primavera . truy cp ti liu thng
qua Primavera, ta phi to mt mu ti liu trong ca s Work Products and Documents v
lin kt n ti liu thc.
Th Files
Sau khi to mt mu ti liu, tao phi thit lp mt lin kt n ti liu thc bng cch cung
cp mt ng link. C 2 cch to ng link ny:
Private Location (Ring t) Ti liu s ch c truy cp bi cc user trn mng Lan
(cc nh qun l d n). VD: cc ti liu nh ha n, n mua hng, hoc hp ng.
Public Location (Cng cng) Ti liu s c truy cp bi tt c cc user tham gia
d n, bao gm cc user trn m hnh web v Timesheet. VD: cc ti liu nh vn bn
hng dn cc quy trnh thc hin cng vic.
Gn ti liu vo cng vic

Ti liu c th c gn vo WBS hoc activity. VD: trong qu trnh hoch nh tng qut, ta
gn ti liu cp WBS. Khi n bc pht trin d n chi tit hn, ta s gn ti liu
cho mt cng vic c th.
Xem thng tin ti liu

Dng ca s Work Product and Document Details xem chi tit thng tin v ti liu hoc
m ti liu thc. Cc thng tin th hin bao gm:
Title Tn ti liu.
Author Tc gi to nn ti liu.
Version S phin bn.

60
Date Ngy hiu chnh phin bn.

Private/Public Location ng link n ti liu thc.
Launch Private/Public Location M ti liu thc.
Description M t v ti liu.
Tm lc
Ti liu thc s khng c lu tr trong phn mm Primavera . truy cp ti liu
thng qua Primavera, ta phi to mt mu ti liu trong ca s Work Products and
Documents v lin kt n ti liu thc.
Sau khi to mt mu ti liu, tao phi thit lp mt lin kt n ti liu thc bng cch
cung cp mt ng link. Public Location (Cng cng) Ti liu s c truy cp
bi tt c cc user tham gia d n, bao gm cc user trn m hnh web v Timesheet.
Ti liu c th c 2 dng l sn phNm (work product) hoc ti liu tham kho
(reference document).
61
Ch 18:
Thc hin v kim sot d n

Cp nht d n
Ngy cht d liu
Nhp d liu thc t
Kim sot d n

62
Cp nht d n
Sau khi d n khi ng, ta cn cp nht d liu thc t v tin v ngun lc cc mc
thi gian c nh trc. Cng ty s phi chuNn ha mt quy trnh cp nht d liu, bao
gm vic d liu thc t s c thu thp nh th no v bao lu cp nht mt ln.
Mc cp nht d liu c th l hng ngy, hng tun, hoc hng thng, ph thuc vo
di ca d n v mc chnh xc ca cc thng s d bo tng lai (cp nht cng thng
xuyn th s liu d bo cng chnh xc).
D liu c thu thp nh th no

Nh qun l d n s nhp tay vo chng trnh cc thng tin v ngy, ngun lc, chi
ph.
Duyt v nhp vo chng trnh cc bng chm cng (timesheet).
Cc thnh vin dng timesheets cp nht d liu.
Nh qun l d n xem v duyt cc bng timesheets.
Sau nh qun l d n s cp nht n vo chng trnh.
Chng trnh t ng tnh ton d liu thc t.
Chng trnh s t ng cp nht d liu thc t theo nh ng k hoch ra.
63
Ngy cht d liu (Data date)

Khi cp nht d n, d liu thc t ca mi cng vic s c tnh n ngy data date. Data
date l ngy cc d liu trong qu kh s c bo co v l ngy hoch nh li cc cng
vic trong tng lai. Data date mc nh c coi l im bt u ca ngy (cng vic
trong ngy data date cha c thc hin).
Ngy Data Date
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Tin
Thi gian
Ngun lc
Resource
Quantity
(person -
days )
Thi gian
Chi ph
Thi gian

64
Quy trnh cp nht

To baseline.
Dng tnh nng Progress Spotlight thy c cc cng vic cn c cp nht.
Cp nht d liu cho cng vic.
To cc bo co v ngun lc v chi ph.
Phn tch tnh hnh d n.
So snh tnh hnh d n hin ti vi mc tiu t ra.
Chy chng trnh bit tin mi.
Theo di tin trin d n bng cc mu bo co.
Kim tra xem cc tiu ch c bn c c tha mn:
Liu d n c kt thc ng thi gian t ra?
D n c ng ngn sch cho php?
Ngun lc c c s dng hiu qu cha?
Cc gi trong vic cp nht

S dng ca s Activity Details hoc Activity Table.
S dng tnh nng Progress Spotlight thy c cc cng vic cn c cp nht.
S dng b lc v tnh nng nhm to cc layout chuyn dng cho cp nht.
C th nhm theo ngy thc hin cng vic.
Lc ra cc cng vic cn c cp nht.
T chc sp xp theo th t thun tin cho vic cp nht bng cch s dng
activity codes.
Xc nh giai on cp nht (statusing period)

Ta phi xc nh giai on cp nht trc khi tin hnh cp nht. Giai on cp nht l
khong thi gian t ngy data date n mt thi im trong tng lai. Khong thi gian ny
di hay ngn ph thuc vo mc thng xuyn m ta mun cp nht d n. VD: ta c th
to giai on cp nht l mt tun sau ngy data date. im kt thc giai on cp nht ny
s l ngy data date mi.
C 2 cch xc nh giai on cp nht trn ca s Gantt Chart:

Dng tnh nng Progress Spotlight.
Progress Spotlight s to mt on mu vng t ngy data date c n ngy data date
mi. N cng lm ni bt cc cng vic cn c cp nht bn ca s Activity table.
Ko ngy data date.
Ta c th ko ngy data date v pha tay phi n ngy data date mi lm ni bt
ln cc cng vic cn c cp nht.
Ch : Mc d xc nh c ngy data date mi bc ny, nhng ta vn phi chn li

ngy vo chng trnh khi chy tnh nng Schedule.
65
Nhp d liu thc t

Sau khi d n khi cng, ta phi nhp d liu v ngy thc t, thng tin s dng ngun lc,
chi ph cc giai on cp nht nh sn.
D liu thc t s khc d liu hoch nh d liu thc t l thi gian v chi ph thc t b
ra khi tin hnh cng vic.
Nhp d liu v tin , ngun lc, chi ph theo th t sau:
i vi cc cng vic hon thnh ton b

Ngy thc t bt u v kt thc
Thi gian / chi ph thc t ca ngun lc
Ph tn (Expense) thc t
i vi cc cng vic ang thi cng

Ngy thc t bt u
Phn trm hon thnh (Percent Complete) hoc thi gian cn li (Remaining
Duration)
Thi gian / chi ph thc t ca ngun lc v Thi gian / chi ph cn li ca ngun lc
Ph tn thc t v ph tn cn li
Nu cng vic b tm dng, dng chc nng Suspend/Resume.
Gin on mt cng vic

Nu cng vic c bt u nhng b gin on, ta c th dng chc nng Suspend.
Cng vic mun c gin on th phi c ngy Actual Start.
Dng th Status nhp ngy gin on (Suspend) v ngy tip tc (Resume).
Suspend date l ngy cui cng cng vic c thc hin.
Resume date l ngy u tin cng vic c tip tc.
Thi gian thc t thi cng (actual duration) s t ng tr ra thi gian gin on.
Dng th Notebook ghi ch l do gin on.
Cp nht mc thi gian (Milestones)

cp nht mc thi gian bt u (start milestone), nh du Started v nhp ngy
Actual Start. Ta khng cp nht Finish v y l cng vic loi Start Milestone, n
khng c ngy kt thc, v duration th bng 0.
Cp nht tin mi cho d n

Sau khi d liu thc t c cp nht, ta s chy chng trnh tnh ton bn tin
mi. Cc cng vic khng hon tt ng thi gian s lm tr cc cng vic ng sau.

66
Kim sot d n
Sau khi c c bn tin mi, ta s phn tch cc thng s v ngy, tnh trng phn phi
ngun lc, v ngn sch.
Phn tch ngy

Phn tch bn tin xem cc mc thi gian milestone hoc ngy kt thc d n c t c
mc tiu.
So snh ngy kt thc d n ca bn tin mi v ngy trn field Must Finish By
(c nhp t u d n) xem d n c kt thc ng tin khng.
Nu d n b tr tin , ta s tp trung phn tch cc cng vic trn ng Gng.
Chnh sa bng tin c th a d n v kp tin .
Phn tch tnh trng phn phi ngun lc

Sau khi chnh sa bng tin (v mt thi gian), ta kim tra xem cc ngun lc c c s
dng hiu qu cha, hoc c b qu ti.
Phn tch ngn sch

Sau khi phn tch ngun lc, ta kim tra gi tr At Completion Total Cost xem n c trong
ngn sch cho php khng.
Rt ngn bng tin

Nu bng tin mi kt thc tr hn ngy trong field Must Finish By, ta c th dng mt
s phng php sau rt ngn tin d n:
Gn cho cc cng vic thc hin song song cng lc.
Tng cng ngun lc gim thi gian thi cng.
Chia nh cc cng vic c thi gian di v cho thc hin song song.
i lch lm vic:
Gn cho cc cng vic nm trn ng Gng lch lm vic di hn.
Tng cng lch lm vic cho cc ngy ngh.
67
Ch 19:
Lp bo co
Cc phng php lp bo co
Cch chy mt bo co c sn
Cng c lp bo co Report Wizard

68
Cc phng php lp bo co
C nhiu cch gi bo co thng tin v tin , ngun lc, ch ph n cc thnh vin tham
gia d n, bao gm:
In ra cc layout
In ra cc bo co
Xem thng tin t website ca d n
Dng Timesheet
Dng module Primavera Web.
Cch chy mt bo co c sn
Ta c th bo co tin thc hin bng cch dng mt mu bo co c sn.
Ca s chy bo co
Dng tnh nng Run Report chy v in ra bo co.
Print Preview Xem bo co trc khi in ra.
Directly to Printer In trc tip.
HTML File Chy bo co v lu li di dng file HTML.
ASCII Text File Chy bo co v lu li di dng file ASCII (.txt).
Output file Nu chn dng file HTML hoc ASCII, chn ni ta mun lu bo co.
View file when done nh du chn mc ny nu ta mun xem bo co ngay sau
khi to file HTML hoc ASCII.
Notes Dng to ch thch cho bo co. N s xut hin ngay di tiu ca bo
co.
Cng c lp bo co Report Wizard

Cng c Report wizard gip ta to ra cc bo co c bit. Chng c chnh sa ngay khi
to hoc c th chnh sa thm sau ny.
Cc bc to bo co:
Chn cc loi gi tr cn c hin th.
T chc hnh thc d liu c th hin thng qua cc tnh nng nh nhm, sp xp,
v lc.
Sau khi to ta c th lu li v gn n vo mt nhm bo co d dng tm kim sau ny.
To bo co da trn Layout hin ti
Bo co c th c to da trn Layout ta ang lm vic. V c th c chnh sa, thm

hoc bt thng tin hin th trn bo co.
Tm lc
Ca s Report th hin cc bo co v tin , chi ph v ngun lc.
Ta c th bo co tin thc hin bng cch dng mt mu bo co c sn.
Cng c Report wizard gip ta to ra cc bo co c bit. Chng c chnh sa
ngay khi to hoc c th chnh sa thm sau ny.
Bo co c th c to da trn Layout ta ang lm vic.
69
Ch thch
Activity - the fundamental work element of a project. Contains all of the necessary
information to perform the required work. The lowest level of a work breakdown structure
(WBS).
Cng vic l yu t c bn ca mt d n. N cha tt c thng tin cn thit yu cu

thc hin cng vic. L mc thp nht trong cu trc phn chia cng vic (WBS)
Activity code A code that represents an attribute of the activity. Use activity codes to filter
group, sort, and report activity information. Activity codes can be global, project- specific, or
assigned to. an EPS level.
M cng vic l m cng vic i din thuc tnh ca cng vic . S dng m cng vic
lc ra, nhm, phn loi v to bo co cng vic. M cng vic c th dng chung cho
nhiu d n hoc cho tng d n theo c th.
Activity code values -The group of values, defined for each activity code, in which activities
will be organized.
Gi tr ca m cng vic Mt nhm gi tr c xc nh cho mi m cng vic, da vo

cc gi tr ny, cc cng vic s c sp xp v phn loi.
Activity Details Located a the bottom the Activities window, it displays a set of tabs Each
tab contains specific detailed information for the selected activity.
Chi tit cng vic V tr ca s chi tit cng vic nm bn di Ca s cng vic, n bao
gm mt nhm cc ca s ph, mi ca s cha cc thng tin chi tit ca cng vic tng
cng vic.
Activity type Controls how an activitys duration and dates are calculated. The six activity
types are task dependent, resource dependent, level of effect, start milestone, finish
milestone, and WBS summary.
Loi cng vic Loi cng vic quyt nh cch tnh di v ngy ca cng vic. C su
loi cng vic nh: Ph thuc vo Cng vic, Ph thuc vo Ngun nhn lc, Ph thuc vo
mc n lc thc hin cng vic, Mc bt u, Mc kt thc v Loi tng hp WBS
Actual data - The real time/cost associated with an activity , such as actual start, remaining
duration, percent complete, finish dates, expenses, units and cost
D liu thc t - bao gm d liu thc t v thi gian/ chi ph ca mt cng vic, nh ngy
bt u thc t, thi gian cn li thc hin cng vic, % hon thnh, ngy hon thnh thc
t, chi ph
Bar Area - A time-scaled display of project data showing when the project element is
forecasted to occur. The project element displayed depends on the window the is open;
Activity, WBS, or Project window. The data element is place on the timescale where it is
scheduled to occur.
Vng biu L vng cc thng tin d n d tnh c th hin bng biu , ty thuc
vo tng ca s nh Cng vic, WBS hay d n th cc biu ny c th hin khc nhau.
70
Bar necking - The indentation on a bar that represents an activity nonwork time, based on
the activity calendar, out of sequence progress, or other gaps of time. Bar necking settings are
available in the Bar Settings tab in the Bars dialog box.
Nt tht S lm vo trn thanh biu th hin thi gian khng lm vic ti mt thi im
ca cng vic , da trn lch lm vic.
Baseline - A snapshot of a project plan as of a particular point in time. This snapshot

provides a target against which you can track a projects performance based on schedule,
resource or cost data.
ng c s - L mt bn sao k hoch ca d n ti mt thi im. Mi bn sao ny gip

to thnh mt ci mc xc nh cng vic hon thnh da trn d liu v thi gian,
ngun lc hoc chi ph.
Budgeted Cost - The estimated cost of projected work based on resource assignments and
expenses associated to the project.
Chi ph d tho L chi ph ca d n c hnh ton cho cng vic da trn nhng ngun
lc v cc ph tn hon thnh d n.
Calendars Define work and nonwork time for the activities. Nonwork time is defined as
holidays, weekends, resource vacation time and other nonwork time, Calendars may be
assigned to projects, resources, and activities.
Lch lm vic l thi gian lm vic hoc khng lm vic c xc nh thc hin cng
vic. Thi gian khng lm vic nh ngy ngh, ngy l Lch lm vic c th c gn cho
D n, Ngun lc v cng vic.
Constraint A restriction you impose on a project or activity. Up to two constraints can be

assigned to an activity.
S rng buc l nhng rng buc c gn cho d n hoc cng vic c thc hin
theo mt iu kin c th. Mi cng vic c th gn ti a l hai rng buc.
Costs The unit price or expense of an activity.
Chi ph L n v gi hoc ph tn ca mt cng vic.
Critical activity An activity with zero total float. If a critical activity is delayed it will delay
the project as a whole. Critical activities are defined by either the total float or the longest
path.
Cng vic lm trn ng gng l cng vic c tng gi tr thi gian d tr thc hin cng
vic bng khng. Nu mt cng vic lm trn ng gng b tr th ton b d n s b tr.
Nhng cng vic ny c xc nh bi tng gi tr d tr thc hin cng vic hoc
ng cng vic di nht.
Critical path The path of activities through a project that determine the projects finish date
ng Gng Cc cng vic c ni vi nhau to thnh ng quyt nh ngy hon thnh

d n.
71
Data date The date to use a the starting point for the schedule calculation, Any data to the
left of the data date is considered historical information. Any data to the right or the data
date is the forecast of remaining work.
Ngy cht d liu L ngy c s dng lm im bt u tnh tin . D liu pha

tri ca ngy d liu c coi nh l d liu qu kh, ngc li d liu bn phi c coi
nh phn cn li phi thc hin ca cng vic.
Driving relationship A relationship between two activities where the precede early finish
determines the successors early start. In the Activity Network, a shod relationships line
indicates a driving relationship.
Mi quan h iu khin Mt quan h gia hai cng vic m ngy hon thnh sm nht
ca cng vic ng trc quyt nh ngy bt u sm nht ca cng vic ng sau th mi
quan h ny c gi l mi quan h iu khin.
Duration type determines how duration, units and resource units times are our for activities
so that the following equation is always true.
Kiu thi gian thc hin cng vic l cch xc nh n v thi gian thc hin cng vic
nh n v thi gian hay n v ngun lc.
Early dates the earliest an activity can start and finish based on its relationships and
constrains. Called Early Start and Early Finish.
Ngy sm nht Ngy bt u v kt thc sm nht ca mt cng vic c xc nh da
trn mi quan h v cc rng buc c gi l ngy bt u sm nht v ngy kt thc
mun nht.
Enterprise data- Data defined at the enterprise level, usually by the system administrator,
This data is available to &l projects in the organization examples o enterprise data are EPS,
resources, cost accounts and roles.
D liu chung l nhng d liu c dng chung cho nhiu d n trong cng mt cng ty
nh m d n, m chi ph, ngun lc
EPS (Enterprise Project Structure ) - A hierarchical structure that identifies how the
projects will be organized within your company. May also use the EPS performing top-down
budgeting, managing multiple projects. and implementing coding standards.
Cu trc d n mt cu trc c sp xp theo cp bc quyt nh vic t chc cc d

n trong cng ty. Vi cu trc ny cho php cng ty qun l nhiu d n cng mt lc hoc
d rng nhm hoc sp xp d n, cng vic theo cc iu kin khc nhau.
EPS node - An element at any level above a project in the EPS hierarchy.
t cu trc EPS thnh phn c cp bc cao hn d n trong cu trc EPS. Tp hp cc

t cu trc ny hnh thnh cu trc EPS.
Expenses - Non-resource costs associated with a project and assigned to a projects activities.
They are typically one-time expenditures for non-reusable items. Examples of expenses
include conference/meeting room rental, travel, overhead, and training.

72
Ph tn - nhng chi ph khng phi t ngun lc to ra m c gn cho cng vic. Chng

thng c s dng mt ln v khng c tnh ti s dng. VD: chi ph thu mn phng
hp, du lch, ph d phng, ph hun luyn.
Filter - A limit on projects or activities that are displayed. Criteria you establish determine
which items appear. A filter, once created, can be assigned to layouts.
B lc dng sng lc cc cng vic hoc d n c th hin. Cc iu kin c thit

lp s quyt nh mc no c xut hin. B lc c th c gn v lu chung vi cc
layout.
Gantt Chart - A graphical display of a projects detailed information. It is made up of a table

and bar area.
Biu Gantt Cc thng tin d n c hin th di dng ha. N c to thnh bi

cc thanh ngang.
Grouping - A way of organizing project data by a common attribute. Each group may be
listed under a different colored band.
Nhm - Mt cch t chc d liu d n bi mt thuc tnh chung. Mi nhm c th c lit

k di cc thanh tiu c mu khc nhau.
Lag - An offset or delay between an activity and its successor used during the schedule
calculation. Lag can be positive or negative. A scheduling option allows the user to determine
the calendar used when calculating the effect of lag on the project plan.
Khong tr - khong thi gian tr hon gia cng vic hin ti v cng vic ng sau n, nh
hng n thng s ngy trn bng tin . Khong tr c th dng hay m. C th iu
chnh nh hng ca khong tr ln bng tin bng vic chn lch tnh khong tr trong
lc hiu chnh tnh nng chy tin .
Late dates - The latest an activity can start and finish without effecting the end date of the
project. Called Late Start and Late Finish.
Ngy tr - Ngy tr nht m cng vic phi bt u hoc kt thc khng nh hng n
ngy kt thc d n. C th c gi l Late Start v Late Finish
Longest path - A method used to define the critical path. It represents the longest continuous
path of activities through a project that determines the project finish date.
ng di nht - Mt phng php dng nh ngha ng ti hn. N i din cho mt
chui cc cng vic lin tc v di nht xuyn sut d n, v quyt nh ngy hon thnh d
n.
Milestone - A type of activity used to represent the beginning or the end of a major stage, or
an important event in a project. Start and finish milestones cannot have durations, time base
cost or resource assignments.
Mc thi gian - Mt loi cng vic dng th hin s bt u hay kt thc ca mt giai
on chnh, hay mt s kin quan trng trong d n. Mc thi gian bt u hay kt thc
khng th c thng s khong thi gian, chi ph, hoc ngun lc.
73
Notebook topics - Instructions or descriptions that further describe the activity according to
specific categories of information.
Ghi ch - Nhng ch dn hay nhng m t chi tit v cng vic, v c phn theo cc nhm
loi.
Organizational Breakdown Structure (OBS) - A hierarchical arrangement of a projects

management structure. User access and privileges to nodes and projects within the Enterprise
Projects Structure (EPS) hierarchy are implemented via a responsible manager defined in the
enterprise-wide OBS hierarchy.
Cu trc phn chia t chc (OBS) L cu trc qun l phn cp ca d n. Quyn truy
cp v thao tc trn d liu d n c thc hin thng qua vic nh ngha v trin khai cu
trc OBS.
Predecessor - An activity that must occur before another activity. A predecessor activity
controls the start or finish date of its successors. An activity can have multiple predecessors.
Cng vic trc Mt cng vic c hoch nh thc hin trc cng vic khc. Mt cng
vic trc quyt nh ngy bt u hoc kt thc cng vic ng sau n. Mt cng vic c
th c nhiu cng vic trc n.
Price/unit - The rate used to determine the cost of a resource or role.
Gi/n v - T l s dng xc nh chi ph ca ngun lc hoc vai tr.
Primary resource - The resource responsible for coordinating an activitys work. Using
Timesheets, the primary resource also updates the activitys start date, finish date, and
expected end date.
Ngun lc iu phi L ngun lc chu trch nhim iu phi, qun l tin ca cng
vic c gn. Khi s dng Timesheets, ngun lc chnh s c trch nhim cp nht ngy bt
u thc t, hon thnh thc t, v ngy hon thnh d kin
Project-specific data - The data mostly defined by project managers that is only available to
the project in which it is defined, such as activities, expenses, and WBS.
D liu d n l d liu c nh ngha bi nh qun l d n , v ch c s dng

trong d n . VD : cng vic, chi ph ph, cu trc WBS.
Rate type - Determines the price/unit used to calculate costs for a resource, role assignment.
Loi gi cho php quyt nh s dng loi gi no khi tnh chi ph ca ngun lc .
Relationship type - Defines how an activity relates to the start or finish of another activity.
The four types of relationships are finish-to-start, finish-to-finish, start-to-start, start-to-finish.
Loi quan h - gip xc nh mt cng vic s nh hng nh th no n ngy bt u v

hon thnh cng vic khc. C 4 loi quan h : hon thnh bt u; hon thnh hon
thnh; bt u bt u; bt u hon thnh.
Resource dictionary Contains information for all resource in the organization, such as the
resource name, description, cost, roles, and other attributes. View the resource dictionary via
the Resource window.
74
T in ngun lc Cha bn trong tt c thng tin ngun lc trong t chc. VD: tn

ngun lc, miu t chi tit, chi ph, vai tr, v nhng thuc tnh khc. T in ngun lc th
hin trong qua giao din ca s ngun lc.
Resource/Cost Usage profile - Graphically displays cost or quantity information for

resources or roles.
Biu s dng ngun lc/chi ph Th hin bng biu v chi ph, thi gian s dng
ngun lc hoc vai tr
Resources - The personnel and equipment that perform work on activities across all projects.
Ngun lc Con ngi v trang thit b thc hin cng vic trong d n.
Responsible manager - The individual, selected from the OBS, who is responsible for the
project.
Ngi chu trch nhim l c nhn (c chn t cu trc OBS) chu trch nhim cho d
n c gn.
Role - Project personnel, job titles, and skills. Roles represent a type of resource with a
certain level of proficiency, rather than a specific individual.
Vai tr biu hin cho k nng ni chung, hoc chc v, hoc phng ban trong doanh
nghip. Vai tr biu hin cho loi ngun lc (k s, cng nhn ) c s dng hn l c
th mt c nhn no .
Root - The highest-level element in an Enterprise Project Structure (EPS), Organizational

Breakdown Structure (OBS), or a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS).
Gc l cp cao nht trong cu trc EPS, Cu trc phn chia t chc (OBS), hoc cu
trc phn chia cng vic (WBS)
Sorting - Arranging activities chronologically, alphabetically, numerically, or hierarchically

depending on the data items selected.
Sp xp Sp sp cng vic theo thi gian, theo th bc abc, theo s hc, hoc cp bc.
Steps - A list of procedures required to complete an activity.

Bc cc bc chi tit ca mt cng vic.
Successor - An activity that must occur after another activity. An activity can have multiple
successors, each with a different relationship to it.
Cng vic sau l cng vic c thc hin sau hoc ng sau mt cng vic no . Mt
cng vic c th c nhiu cng vic sau.
Summary bars - Bars in the Gantt chart that represents summary information for a group of
activities.
Thanh tng hp l thanh trong biu Gantt m biu hin thng tin tng hp ca mt
nhm cc cng vic.
75
Timescale - Displays the date intervals for the Gantt chart, spreadsheets, and histograms.
Trc thi gian biu hin n v thi gian (ngy, tun, thng) trn biu Gantt, bng
tnh, v cc biu khc.
Total float - The amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the project
finish date.
Thi gian d tr - l khong thi gian cng vic c th tr hon m khng lm nh hng
n ngy hon thnh d n.
Work Breakdown Structure - A hierarchical arrangement of the products and services

produced during and by a project.
Cu trc phn chia cng vic H thng phn chia nh cc sn phNm v dch v c to
ra t d n.


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1

Tng qut v Primavera ........................................................................................ 2

KPMS copyright 2008 All rights reserved.

Tng qut v Primavera

Primavera l cng ty phn mm hng u trong lnh vc qun l d n, vi cc gii

Cc gii php ca Primavera

KPMS copyright 2008 All rights reserved.

D liu d n v tng th (Enterprise and Project-Specific Data)

D liu tng th - Enterprise Data

D liu tng th l d liu s dng c bi nhiu d n, n khng phn bit gia cc

Mt s d liu tng th:

D liu d n - Project-Specific Data

D liu d n l nhng d liu ch c th dng trong phm vi d n m n c xc

Cc d liu thuc c d n v tng th

Mt s d liu thuc c hai loi trn nh:

KPMS copyright 2008 All rights reserved.

KPMS copyright 2008 All rights reserved.

EPS c xy dng vi cc im gc (Root) v cc nt (Node).

Mi d n phi thuc v mt Node no .

Nhng u im khi t chc d n theo EPS

Thng tin chi tit ca d n

KPMS copyright 2008 All rights reserved.

S dng Create a New Project wizard:

S dng Project Architect:

Nhp (Import) 1 file

Thng tin chi tit ca d n

Thng tin chung (General)

Thng tin thi gian (Dates)

Thng tin ghi ch (Notebook)

Thng tin m (Codes)

Thng tin mc nh (Defaults)

Khi Increment Activity ID c chn th tin t hoc hu t ca m cng

Sau khi d n c to, ta c th xem cc thng tin chi tit ca d n ti ca s

Ngi dng cng c th to, chnh sa cc thng s v c im ca d n thng qua

KPMS copyright 2008 All rights reserved.

To cu trc phn vic (WBS)

Cu trc phn vic

Cu trc phn vic (WBS)

Khi to mt WBS mi n s c mc nh l cp con ca WBS ng trc n.

KPMS copyright 2008 All rights reserved.

Phn loi cng vic

Khi to cng vic

Cc bc (Step) ca cng vic

Lch thc hin cng vic

L n v chi tit nht trong bng tin d n.

Cc thnh phn thuc cng vic

Cc thnh phn thuc cng vic

KPMS copyright 2008 All rights reserved.

Khi to cng vic trong Primavera

S dng cng c tr gip Activity Wizard khi to cng vic

Cng c Activity ch xut hin khi ta bm nt Add trn thanh Command.

Loi cng vic (Activity Type)

Start Milestone Loi ny dng nh du mc thi gian bt u ca 1 hng mc

Finish Milestone - Loi ny dng nh du mc thi gian kt thc ca 1 hng mc

Resource Dependent Loi ny c s dng khi nhiu ngun lc c gn cho 1

WBS Summary Loi ny c s dng tng hp thng tin cc cng vic nm

Thng tin chi tit cng vic Activity Details

Tnh trng cng vic (Status Tab)

Ghi ch cng vic (Notebook Tab)

Bc cng vic (Activity Step)

KPMS copyright 2008 All rights reserved.

Mu bc cng vic (Step template)

Step templates l 1 nhm cc bc cng vic thng xuyn c s dng, n gip