I HC QUC GIA TP.

HCM
TRNG I HC BCH KHOA
KHOA K THUT GIAO THNG
B MN K THUT HNG KHNG

BO CO
TH NGHIM HNG KHNG
KHO ST C TNH CA QUT LY
TM 1
GVHD: TS NG KHNH HIU

NHM
PHM TH THANH HUYN 1511323
NG THANH TN 1512952
TRN AN KHANG 1511490

Thnh ph H Ch Minh, ngy 6 thng 11 nm 2017

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 MC LC

MC LC ............................................................................................................................................ 1
DANH MC HNH NH ....................................................................................................................... 4
KHO ST C TNH CA QUT LY TM 1 ........................................................................................ 5
1. My thy kh .......................................................................................................................... 5
2. Cc i lng cn lu .......................................................................................................... 7
3. Bi 1: Kho st ng c tnh qut ly tm........................................................................... 9
3.1. Mc ch v yu cu th nghim .................................................................................... 9
3.2. Nguyn l ....................................................................................................................... 9
3.3. X l s liu: ................................................................................................................... 9
4. Bi 2: Kho st ng dng ng lc hc ca qut ly tm .................................................... 12
4.1. Mc ch v yu cu th nghim .................................................................................. 12
4.2. Nguyn l ..................................................................................................................... 13
4.3. Chng minh cng thc: ............................................................................................... 13
4.4. X l s liu: ................................................................................................................. 14
4.5. Ni suy d on cc ng c tnh ca qut ly tm ti FS=90% .............................. 15

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 DANH MC HNH NH
Figure 1 Phn b ct p theo lu lng mt s loi my cnh dn ................................................... 5
Figure 2 M hnh my cnh dn ly tm ............................................................................................. 6
Figure 3 Hnh mt ct dc theo ng c tip in vng chn ......................................................... 6
Figure 4 th chnh lnh p sut tnh ca trc v sau bnh cng tc theo lu lng gi (vi Fs=
70% & 100%) .................................................................................................................................... 9
Figure 5 th ct p ca bm theo lu lng (vi Fs= 70% & 100%) ........................................ 10
Figure 6 th cng sut bnh cng tc theo lu lng (vi Fs= 70% & 100%) .......................... 11
Figure 7 th cng sut ng c theo lu lng .......................................................................... 11
Figure 8 th hiu sut bm theo lu lng (vi Fs= 70% & 100%) .......................................... 12
Figure 9 th h s ct p theo h s p sut................................................................................ 14
Figure 10 th h s cng sut theo h s lu lng.................................................................... 15
Figure 11 Th Cng Sut hu ch theo lu lng ca Fs(70%-90%-100%) .............................. 16
Figure 12 th ct p ton phn theo lu lng ........................................................................... 16
Figure 13 th hiu sut theo lu lng ....................................................................................... 17
Figure 14 th cng sut ng c theo lu lng ........................................................................ 18

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 KHO ST C TNH CA QUT LY TM 1

1. My thy kh
My thy kh l thit b lm vic bng cch trao i nng lng vi dng cht
lng i qua my, v d: bm, turbine, qut, my nnTrong bi ny chng ta
tp trung vo qut my thy kh c lu cht tng tc l khng kh.
C th phn loi my thy kh theo nhiu cch khc nhau:
Theo tnh cht trao i nng lng vi cht lu:
Nhn nng lng ca lu cht, bin i thnh c nng (turbine nc,
turbine gi)
Cung cp nng lng cho lu cht (bm, qut, my nn)
Theo nguyn l tc dng vi cht lu trong qu trnh trao i nng lng:
My cnh dn dng chuyn ng quay ca bnh cng tc (gm cc l
cnh) trao i ng nng v th nng vi lu cht. Vn tc lu cht, p
sut li ra v li vo l cc thng s c trng trong vic xc nh trng
thi hot ng. c chia lm 2 phn loi nh: my ly tm v my hng
trc.
My th tch trao i nng lng vi cht lu theo nguyn l nn cht
lng trong mt th tch kn di tc dng ca p sut thy tnh, vi dng
trao i nng lng l p nng. My th tch c kh nng lm vic vi o
sut cao nhng lu lng nh. Vn tc my l thng s quyt nh hot
ng my.
Ty vo mc ch s dng ( cao ct p, lu lng) m ngi ta la chn
cc loi my thy kh thch hp. Hnh 1 th hin vng phn b ct p theo lu
lng ca 3 loi my thy kh ph bin (my th tch, my cnh dn ly tm,
my cnh dn hng trc) dng trong bm nc.

Figure 1 Phn b ct p theo lu lng mt s loi my cnh dn

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i vi my cnh dn ly tm (Hnh 2), lu cht i vo tm cc rotor c cnh
xoay, y ly tm ra bn ngoi v c mt bung gp gom li, dn ra li ra.
Vn tc quay cao, lu cht nhn ng nng ln. Chnh lch p sut gia li ra
v li vo c sinh ra do chuyn ng ng nng ny thnh p nng. My
cnh dn ly tm c dng nhiu trong cc lnh vc khc nhau. Tuy nhin c
mt s hn ch v p sut tnh sau my thp, ting n

Figure 2 M hnh my cnh dn ly tm

Cc i lng c trng ca my cnh dn ly tm bao gm:

Figure 3 Hnh mt ct dc theo ng c tip in vng chn

y ta ang xt ti v tr 1 v 2 nh hnh trn:

Vn tc lu cht
QV
V (1)
A
Chng minh:
Phng trnh lin tc cho dng khng nn:
= =

=

Lu lng th tch o bng vng chn

Cd d 2 2 Po
QV (2)
4
Chng mnh: t phng trnh bernoulli cho dng khng nn
1 1
+ 2 = + 2
2 2
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 2
Vi: = =
4
1 1
(16 )2 (16 )2
Th vo ta c +
2
4 = + 2
4
2 2
2 2( ) 2

= . (2.1)
4 4 4

2

Ta t : = v = v th vo (2.1)
4 4

th ta c phng trnh (2)

p sut ton phn

V2 2 V1 2
PtF
P P (3)
2 1
2
Chng minh: t phng trnh nng lng ca lu cht khng nn qua my
bm b qua ma st
1 12 2 22
+ 1 + + = 2 + +
2 2
(22 12 )
= = (2 1 ) +
2
Trong : (n v h SI)
Hb : l chiu cao ct p ca my bm (m)
: ng tnh vng chn lu lng
Po : chnh lch p sut khi qua vng chn lu lng
: khi lng ring khng kh
Cd : h s lu lng
: din tch tit din ct ngang
P1 , P2 : p sut pha trc v pha sau bnh cng tc
V1 ,V2 : vn tc lu cht li vo v li ra ca qut

2. Cc i lng cn lu
Cc hng s:
ng knh bnh cng tc D = 180 mm
H s lu lng Cd = 0.596
p sut kh quyn Pa = 101 kPa
Gia tc trng trng g = 9.81 m/s2
ng knh ng ht d1 = 95 mm
ng knh ng y d2 = 75 mm

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Phn tch bng s liu:
Cc thng s c o trc tip/thit lp mc nh:
Thng s n v K hiu
Atmospheric pressure kPa
Fan setting % Ct E
Motor torque Nm t
0
Inlet teperature C T
Orifice differential pressure kPa Ct J
Zero value kPa Ct K
Fan differential pressure kPa Ct M
Zero value kPa Ct N
Discharge coefficient
Cc thng s c tnh ton
Thng s n v Cng thc tnh K hiu
Fan speed rpm Ct E *35.4 n
Density of air Kg/m3 (T*0.0045)+1.278
Orifice differential kPa Ct J Ct K 0
pressure
Fan differential pressure kPa Ct M Ct N 2 1
Fan discharge / 2 20
4
Mechanical power W 2
60
Inlet velocity m/s 1 1
Outlet velocity m/s 2 2
Total pressure kPa 1
(2 1 ) + (22 12 )
2
Power output W
Fan efficiency %
100%

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3. Bi 1: Kho st ng c tnh qut ly tm
3.1. Mc ch v yu cu th nghim
Hiu phng php kho st v v ng c tnh ca qut ly tm khi hot
ng tc khng i.
Sinh vin thc hin th nghim ti tc quay ca ng c khng i (FS =
100%), thu thp s liu v v cc th:
- ng c tnh ca qut (cc loi p sut theo lu lng th tch)
- Cc loi cng sut theo lu lng th tch
- Hiu sut theo lu lng th tch
sau nhn xt xu hng bin thin, im cc tr ca cc i lng.

3.2. Nguyn l
Vic la chn qut ph hp cho mt h thng c sn c da vo ng c
tnh ca qut. ng c tnh thit lp mi quan h gia p sut to ra bi
qut v lu lng mt tc ng c nht nh, gip cho vic la chn
chnh xc v d dng hn.

3.3. X l s liu:
Cc ng c tnh ca qut theo lu lng ca lu cht (khng kh) (
FS=100% v 70%) :
p sut theo lu lng
Chnh p sut tnh gia u vo v ra ca bm theo lu lng gi

Figure 4 th chnh lnh p sut tnh ca trc v sau bnh cng tc theo lu lng gi (vi Fs= 70% & 100%)

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Nhn xt: Ti Fs=100% ta thy chnh lch p tnh lp nht ti[60 80]
(lit/s) v ti Fs=70% th chnh p tnh t gt ln nht [40 60](lt/s)
-Kt lun c chnh p tnh cao th cn phi la chn lu lng v Fs ph
hp
p sut ton phn trc v sau bnh cng tc theo lu lng

1.20
y = -6E-07x3 + 8E-05x2 + 0.001x + 0.8344
1.10 R = 0.9917

1.00
total pressure ptF

0.90

0.80 100% 70%

Poly. (100%) Poly. (70%)
0.70

0.60 y = -8E-07x3 + 7E-05x2 + 0.0006x + 0.4106

R = 0.9895
0.50

0.40
0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00

Fan Discharge Qv [l/s]

Figure 5 th ct p ca bm theo lu lng (vi Fs= 70% & 100%)

Nhn xt: Ct p ton phn cng ph thuc rt nhiu vo Fs v lu lng

Fs 100% th ct p t maxium khi lu lng Q t [80 100] lt/s
Fs 70% th ct p t maximum khi lu lng Q t [60 70] lt/s
Da vo hnh kt lun c c ct p cao nht cho bm ta cn cho ng
c chy Fs(100%) v lu lng cng nh ng ng khng b nghn

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Cng sut theo lu lng
Cng sut bnh cng tc (hu ch) theo lu lng
140.00
y = 1.1578x - 5.1931
120.00

Power Output Pu [W]

R = 0.9977
100.00
100%
80.00
70%
60.00 Linear (100%)

40.00 Linear (70%)

y = 0.56x - 1.5858
20.00 R = 0.9981

0.00
0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00
Fan Discharge Qv [l/s]

Figure 6 th cng sut bnh cng tc theo lu lng (vi Fs= 70% & 100%)

Nhn xt:
Ta thy cng sut bnh cng tc tuyn tnh vi lu lng
Cng sut ng c theo lu lng

300
Mechanical Power Pm (W)

y = 1.7534x + 53.351
250 R = 0.988

200

150

100

y = 0.8817x + 27.552
50 R = 0.9937
100% 70%
00 Linear (100%) Linear (70%)
0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 140.00
Qv (l/s)
Figure 7 th cng sut ng c theo lu lng

Nhn xt: Tng t cng sut hu ch ca bnh cng tc th cng sut

ng c cng tuyn tnh vi lu lng

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 Hiu sut theo lu lng

Figure 8 th hiu sut bm theo lu lng (vi Fs= 70% & 100%)

Nhn xt: hiu sut tng nhah khi lu lng duoies 60 lt/s v tng
chm hay ko thang khi qua 60 lt/s. v ch Fs(70% va 100%) th 2
ng ny gn nh trng nhau.

4. Bi 2: Kho st ng dng ng lc hc ca qut ly tm

4.1. Mc ch v yu cu th nghim
D on c hot ng ca qut ti mt vn tc t mt vn tc khc cho trc
da vo ng dng ng lc hc sinh vin thc hin th nghim ti 2 tc
quay ca ng c khng i (3000 rpm v 1950 rpm), thu thp s liu v v cc
th:
- Cc loi p sut, cng sut, hiu sut theo lu lng th tch ti 2 tc
khc nhau. V cc th h s ng dng chng minh s ng n
ca ng dng ng lc hc.
- Hoc tnh cc h s ng dng trc, sau d on cc gi tr ti tc
th 2 t tc th 1, sau v th so snh gi tr tnh c vi o
c.

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 4.2. Nguyn l
Vic kim nghim tt c cc loi qut ti cc tc khc nhau l rt kh
khn v khng thc t. ng dng ng lc hc c s dng d on
cc yu t v p sut, cng sut, lu lng ca mt loi qut khi bit
c tnh ca mt loi qut khc ng dng. Mt s cc i lng v th
nguyn dung trong ng dng ng lc hc nh:
P
H s cng sut: CP (4)
n 3 D 5
Q
H s lu lng: CQ (5)
nD 3
gH
H s ct p: CH (6)
n2 D2
ng dng ng lc hc gip ta kim sot c cc yu t nh hng
c kt qu vi chnh xc cao. chnh xc cng cao khi cng nhiu
yu t nh hng c xt trong mi trng ng dng nh ma st,
nhm,Hai qut c xem l ng dng hnh hc kh tha iu kin:
C cng s l cnh
Cc kch thc v gc ging nhau
Cc kch thc tuyn tnh t l vi nhau

4.3. Chng minh cng thc:

Dng phng php v thc nguyn ta c cc bin s lin quan ti qut ly tm
(bm) l : = (, , , , , , , , , )
Hay theo cng sut = (, , , , )
Trong :
Q l lu lng
P l cng sut hu ch (bnh cng tch)
l khi lng ring ca lu cht do qut tc dng
HB l chiu cao ct p bm c th t c
D l ng kch bnh cng tc
l tc quay ca bnh cng tc
, l c tnh lu cht
Mo l moment xon ca trc
Trong c 3 i lng th nguyn c bn (, , ) k=3
Vy qut ly tm s c n=6-3=3 bin v th nguyn m t qut ly tm (bm) :
1 a
P ML2T 3
1 a b c = 2 3a c c 5
n D ML T L 3 b b 3
3 a 1 b c

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= 1 =
3 5

0 a
Q L3T 1
2 a b c = 3 3a c c 3
n D ML T L 1 b b 1
3 a 1 b c

= 2 =
3
=0
2 2
3 = = (3 ) (1) () = { = 2 0 0 0

=2

= 3 =
2 2
4.4. X l s liu:

th cc h s ng dng
H s ct p theo h s lu lng
0.01
0.009
0.008
0.007
0.006 y = 1E-17x6 - 1E-14x5 + 3E-12x4 - 3E-10x3 + 2E-08x2 + 7E-06x + 0.0065
CH

0.005 R = 0.9904
0.004
0.003 100% 70%
Poly. (100%) Poly. (70%)
0.002
0.001
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
CQ

Figure 9 th h s ct p theo h s p sut

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 H s cng sut theo h s lu lng
he so cs- he so luu luong
3.5

3 y = 0.009x - 0.1063
R = 0.9981
2.5

2
Cp

1.5

0.5

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Cq
70% 100% Linear (70%)

Figure 10 th h s cng sut theo h s lu lng

Nhn xt: T hnh 9 v 10 ta thy cc cc im h s ct p v cng sut

nhng nh l cng nm trn mt ng v khng thy i khi Fan setting ca
ng c thay i

4.5. Ni suy d on cc ng c tnh ca qut ly tm ti FS=90%

Fan setting = 100% c Fan speed n=3540 rpm
Fan setting = 70% c Fan speed n=2478 rpm
Ni suy ta c Fan setting = 90%
(35402479)(9070)
th Fan speed n = 2478 + = 3186 rpm
10070
Tm cc c tnh ca qut ly tm ti Fs=90%
T do h s lu lng ta tm c
= 3
Tng t ta ta c cng sut hu ch v ct p ton phn
= 3 5 = = 2 2
Vi D = 0.18m CQ, CH, CP, ta ly t kt qu tnh ca Fs(100% v 70%)

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Kt qu:

140.00
y = 1.1578x - 5.1931
120.00 R = 0.9977
100%

Power Output Pu [W]

100.00
70%
80.00 y = 0.9378x - 3.7858
R = 0.9977
90% t
60.00
100%

40.00 90% lay

t 70%
20.00 y = 0.56x - 1.5858
Linear
R = 0.9981
(100%)
0.00
0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00
Fan Discharge Qv [l/s]
Figure 11 Th Cng Sut hu ch theo lu lng ca Fs(70%-90%-100%)

total pressure ptF against Fan Discharge Qv

1.20
100%
y = -6E-07x3 + 8E-05x2 + 0.001x + 0.8344
1.10 R = 0.9917
70%
total pressure ptF (kPa)

1.00
90% tu
0.90 100%

90% tu
0.80 70%
y = -7E-07x3 + 8E-05x2 + 0.0009x + 0.6759
R = 0.9917 Poly.
0.70
(100%)

0.60 y = -8E-07x3 + 7E-05x2 + 0.0006x + 0.4106 Poly.

R = 0.9895 (70%)

0.50

0.40
0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00
Fan Discharge Qv [l/s]

Figure 12 th ct p ton phn theo lu lng

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+ Tm Cng sut ng c : da vo ng hiu sut hnh 8 ta thy
Fs=70% v 100% gn nh trng nhau nhng chnh xc hn th ta ly
ni suy tm c phng trnh hiu sut vi n l lu lng kk.
(f(100%)f(70%))(9070)
+f(90%) = f(70%) +
10070
+ vi f(100%) = 0.0043x 2 + 0.8822 + 3.4074
(70%) = 0.074 2 + 1.1194 + 0.5666
(90%) = 0.0053 2 + 0.9613 + 2.4605
Kt qu ni suy :

Figure 13 th hiu sut theo lu lng

Khi y ta cho x l lu lng QV thay tt c cc gi tr va tm c trn

100
th ta c hiu sut = =

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 Kt qu :
300
100%

y = 1.7534x + 53.351

Mechanical Power Pm (W)

250 R = 0.988
70%

200
90% data t
100%

150
y = 1.5137x + 41.574 90% tu 70%
R = 0.9963

100
Linear (100%)

y = 0.8817x + 27.552
50 R = 0.9937 Linear (70%)

00
0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 Linear
140.00(90%
data t 100%)
Qv (l/s)
Figure 14 th cng sut ng c theo lu lng

Nhn xt: vi cc gi tr CQ, CH, CP ly t Fs(70% v 100%) ta thy cc

im dng nh l bm st ng c tnh Fs(90%)
T ta c th kt lun ta c th tm ra c nhng Fs cn tm da vo
cc h s v th nguyn (CP, CH, CQ) hoc c th tnh ton c cho
nhng loi qut c cng t tnh nhng kch thc ln hn m khng cn
tn them chi ph th nghim.

Fs : Fan setting

Phn cng cng vic:

Ng Thanh Tn Chng minh cng thc, trnh by bo co
Trn An Khang Chnh sa bo co
Phm Th Thanh Huyn X l s liu, v th

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