:

(50)

(Bullying): , &

. : 13328

, 2010


1 1 - 2

1.1 (BULLYING) 2
1.2 2
1.3 2
1.4 2
1.5
2
1.6 2
1.7 2
1.8
2
1.9 . 2

2 2 - 2

2.1 - 2
2.2 2
2.2.1 2
2.2.2 2
2.2.3 2

3 3- 2

4 4- 2

5 2

6 2

2



.
.

. 51
118
.
,

.
,
.

.

Abstract
The aim of the present study was twofold: 1) to study teachers attitude towards
bullies in relation to their gender and 2) to examine the prevalence and forms of
bullying in realtion to gender. Teachers attitude towards bullying is worth examining
because it largely influences prevention and supression policies. 51 teachers and 118
students attending Primary School took part in the research. Data analysis revealed
significant differences in the way that teachers conceive and react to bullying.
Concerning gender differences in bullying, boys outweight girls while some
contradicting findings in relation to forms of bullying were revealed. Findings provide
useful implications concerning a more effective way of responding to bullying
irrelevant of the bullies gender.

3


(bullying)
. ,

,
,
. ,
,
(.. ) . ,

-
. ,
bullying
.

,

. ,
, .

. ,
bullying
,
,
.
, : ()

(, ); ()

(, );

4
 1
. ,

.
,
.
,

. ,

.
,
.
2

.
.

. .
3
.
SPSS.
.
,
.
4 .

.
,
.

5
1 1 -

1.1 (BULLYING)

bullying
.
bullying .
bullying
-
bullying
. , Dan
Olweus (1993),
, . bullying
, ,

(Olweus, 1993).
/
.
, ,
, ,
, .
Olweus (1993), bullying
.
A & Smith (2002),
(bullying)

.
(.. ,
) (.. ,
, ).
;
(A & Smith, 2002, . 11).

6
 ,

bullying, .
bullying
.
, bullying,
, (Andreou, 2000).

,
.
lweus (1978, 1984) (,
, )

.
,


(Smith & Sharp, 1994, Stevens ., 2000, Pepler
., 1993),

,

,
bullying,

( & , 2008).
.

,
, / .. ,
, , (, 2003).

. Coie, Dogde, Terry & Wright (1991)
,

7
/ .

,
, .
.

1.2

15 %
,
8 15 . -
.
1 7
(Olweus, 1991, 1993,1994). ...
40%.
personal and social education
bullying.
.
,
37% ,
11% . 13%
11%
(, 2007). (2007)

...
. 11%
,
, 20% , 65%

.
Andreou (2000), 181 3 6
.
, .

8
,
(Bullying Behavior Scale)
(Peer Victimization Scale).
,
.
,

() (). ,
,
. Andreou (2001)
/
,
. , 408
4 6 .
,

,
. , ,

.

Pateraki Houndoumadi (2001), 1312 8-12
.
Olweus (1993) .
, , .

/, .
14.7% , 6.25% ,
4.8% . ,
,
-,
. ,

, .

9
 Sapouna
(2008), 1758 10-14
.
Olweus,
/ (, , &
). ,
, .
,
,
, & .
, .
,
( ),
(
).

1.3
:
,

, ,
(Olweus, 1993, 2003). ,
. ,
, ,
. ,

,
(Crick & Grotpeter, 1995).
,
,
(Crick & Grotpeter, 1995 Crozier & Skliopidou, 2002 Newman, Holden, &
Delville, 2005).
, , , . ,

10

, (Crozier
& Skliopidou, 2002).

(
).

(2007)


/ .


.
(Cyber bulling)
, (.. e-mail)
(.. ) (Kowalski & Limber, 2007).
,
,
bullying,
.


.

(.
Woods & White, 2005). (bullies)
,
.
,
-
.

bullying

11
 (Gini, 2006, 2007 Nesdale & Scarlett, 2004).
,
, .
, ,

. , Salmivalli, Lagerspetz, Bjorkqvist, Osterman, (1996)

:
-
- ,
- ,
,
- ,

- ,

- .

,
.

1.4

.
bullying.

. ,
(.. Smokowski & Kopasz, 2005),
(.. Seals & Young, 2003)
(.. DeVoe . 2004). ,
,

12
 .
, .

,

bullying.

bullying ,
(Bowers, Smith & Binney, 1994. Haynie,
Nansel, Eitel et al., 2001). ,
.


.


(Bauer & Hervenkoht, 2006).
,
(Hodges, Boivin, Vitaro & Bukowski, 1999).

.
, .
- .
.
, bullying
.
.
,
. ,
,
.
bullying .
.
Olweus (1993)

13
 -
. , ,
, , ,
. Olweus

,
.
, ,


() (Deckelbaum & Williams, 2002).

,


.

() ()
.

(
& , 2000).

1.5

,
, , , ,
.

. Perry Kennedy
(1993),
.
, ,

14
 , , . ,

, , .. (
)
(Hodges & Perry, 1999).
,
,
. , ,

. ,
. Olweus
14%
( & , 2000). Dodge & Feldman (1990)


,
.

(Dodge & Pery, 1999).

, ,


(Egan & Pery,1998).



.
Olweus (1996), ,
, ,
, , . T
:
,
,

15
 (Lowenstein, 1994) (Trinder,
2000).
,
.
,
, (Hazler,
1996 Lowenstein, 1994 Olweus, 1996).
,
,
, , , ,
(Olweus, 1996 Trinder, 2000).

/, , ,
,
(Pepler, Craig, & Connolly, 2003),
(Rigby & Slee,
1990), ,
(Olweus,1993).
, ,
( ).
,

. ,
,
.
,
,
.
Olweus (1996)
. Rigby & Slee (1990)

,
.

16
 -
.

,
,
,
( & , 2000).
x


(Troy & Sroufe, 1987), ,

(Olweus, 1984)
, ,
, .. (Stephenson & Smith, 1989).
, , ,
/
. ,

.

.
/,
, , ,
,
(Rigby & Slee, 1991),
,
(Olweus,1993). H ,



(Andreou, 2000).
(2003)
, :

17

.
, ,
.

.
.
/
.
.
- , .
,
,
, .
,
status
.
,

1.6
(.. Smokowski & Kopasz, 2005)
/
,

(.. Andreou,
2000). ,
.
,
. ,

18
, , /
(Andreou, 2001, 2000).
Crick & Grotpeter (1995)

(relational aggression),
. H

, (Crick &
Grotpeter, 1995). ,
( ), ,
. ,
,
,
(Crick & Grotpeter, 1995). ,
,

,
(Crick & Grotpeter, 1995).
Crick & Grotpeter (1995)
. ,

,
.
:
.

, .
,
.
, Crick & Grotpeter (1995)

(relational aggression),
. H

19

, (Crick &
Grotpeter, 1995).

(Raskauskas & Stoltz, 2004),
(Bjrkqvist, Lagerspetz, &
Kaukiainen, 1992).
. ,

() . Crozier and Skliopidou (2002)


.
,
.

,
.
,
(Li, 2006).


, , .
, ,

.

.

bullying
bullying.


(Besag, 2006).

20
 /

,
.
.

1.7

,
, (Hazler, 1996). ,
Rigby (2003)
: () , ()
, () ()

, (Hazler, 1996),
(rinder, 2000),
(Hazler, 1996),
,
, .
- ,
,
. (2008)

, ,
(Lowenstein,
1994), (Hazler, 1996).

. ,
Olweus 60 %
15- 16
24
.
35 40 %

21
 . 24
, (
) 10%.

.


,
(Raskauskas & Stoltz, 2007).

-.

1.8



.
/
/

, (, 2000).
, ,
,
,
(Andreou,
1999). ,

,
bullying (Rigby & Slee, 1990 Smith, 1991
Tattum, 1988).
.
,

22



/
.
, , ,
, -

-
bullying lweus (1978, 1984)
.
, ,


(-, 2010).

.

(-
, 2004).
. :
.
,
.
. , .

.
.
,
,
(- , 2004).

,
.

23


.
.


(-,
2004).
,
.
,
,
.
Brouton (1997)
bullying.
. , ,
: ) bullying, )
, , )
, )

, )
bullying.
bullying

..
.
bullying ,
,
.

bullying, 87% .

bullying .

24
 Craig, Henderson & Murphy (2000)

bullying.

.
, ,
.
. , ,
()
bullying, () ()
.
bullying,

.
Siann, Callaghan, Lockhart & Rawson
(1993)
bullying.
,
.
bullying.

bullying,
bullying,
.

.
bullying

.
,
bullying
.
,
( )

25
 .

bullying
( ).

bullying

.

, ,
,
bullying 16
.
:

bullying .

.
. ,
..

,
. :

,
, .

, .

26
 . ..
...

. .. .
,
, ...

,

... Siann, Callaghan, Lockhart & Rawson (1993, . 127-130)

1.9 .

,
, .

/
(, 2000). Olweus (1991 , ,
2000),
,
,
,


.

.
, ,

(Smith & Sharp, 1994. Pepler
., 1994). ,

, ,
.

27

,

. , ,
(Olweus, 1997, 2000):
) (, ,
, , ..),
) ,
) , -


)
,
.

.

(, 2000) :
1)H ,
. H

,

(, .., ,
,
).
2) H ,
. H



. ,

,

28
 , ,
...
3) H ,
. : ,
, ...,
. H
,

,
. ,


,
,
(, 1998).
4) H .
, ,
/

.

,
,
.
, ,
.

.

29
2 2 -

2.1 -
Andreou
& Smith (2002)
bullying .

.
,
,
,
.

. ,
,
. , .

. ,
.

.
,
.

. .

,
.
,
.
, , bullying
. ,

30



,


,
,

.
:
.
;
. ,
,
; ;

;
.
; ,

;
.
;
;

,
:

.
:

(1)
bullying.

31
 .
:

(2)
bullying.

.

:

(3) bullying
.

.
:

(4) bullying
.

(5)
.

2.2
.

.
,
, .

.
.
,
. ,

. ,

32
,
(, 2003).
, .

:
,
: 1. 2.
:
. ,
.
.
:
1.
2.
. .

:
. /
,
.
.
.
:
(..
).
.
, (..
),
, ,

.

33
2.2.1
-
.
(quota) (, 2005).
,


.

, .
118 51
.

, ,
,
.
, 60 (50.8%)
58 (49.2%). 17 (14.4%) 7
, 17 (14.4%) 8
, 20(16.9%) 9 , 20
(16.9%) 10 , 25 (21.2%)
11 19 (16.1%) 12
.
51 ,
23 (45.1%) 28 (54.9%).
35.9 (SD=6.78)
13.2 (SD=7.07).

2.2.2


Olweus Olweus Bully/Victim
Questionnaire (Olweus, 1996) ( ).

34

Dan Olweus.

bullying 1983, . 1996,
(Olweus, . 2005).

-.
39
Likert.


, bullying, ,
, ,
( , , ).
130,000
(Cronbachs alpha .80).


(Student Social
Behavior Questionnaire (SSBQ), Troop and Ladd, 2002) (. ).
13
13 .

1
, 2 , 3 4 .

: 1) :

(..
/ ) 2) :

(.. ,
3) :

35
 (..
).


(Classroom
Management Policies Questionnaire (CMPQ; Troop & Ladd, 2002, . ).


, (1=
, 2= - , 3=
, 4= ).

,
.
Troop and Ladd (2002): 1)
(..
, ;) 2)

(..
;) 3)
(..
,
; 4)

(.. ,
;) 5)
(..
, ; 6)
, (..
;).


. ,
(, 2005).

36


.

2.2.3
,
,
.
,
,
.
.

, .


bullying (Olweus,
1999).


.

.

(bullying),
(Rigby & Slee, 1990 Smith, 1991).

.
,
. ,
, .

,

37
 .
5 34 7-8 .

.
,

.

.
.

.

38
3 3-

SPSS
13.0 .

(1)
.

,
( ANOVA).

, .
Levene ,
( ).
F
. (F
1,116 = 7.41, p<0.005). ,
(M= 10.38, SD=2.83)
(=9.23, SD= 1.63), .

39
 12,00

10,00

8,00



..

6,00

4,00

2,00

0,00

.
,
Olweus,
.
( ),

.

( .. 10
) 33
(28%), 24 (72.7%) 9 (27.3%).
(F 1,116 = 9.31, p<0.05).

:

40
 - 7 : 1 (3%)

- 8 : 3 (9.1%)

- 9 : 4 (12.1%)

- 10 : 6 (18.2%)

- 11 : 9 (27.3%)

- 12 : 10 (30.3%)

7,00 8,00 9,00 10,00 11,00 12,00

41
 (2)
bullying.

,
( ANOVA).

, .

Olweus.
:

. ,

. , ,
..

.
.

. / .

Levene
,
( ).
F .

. ,

42
 ,
,
(F 1,31 = 3.13, p>0.05).

.
.

(=24) (=9)


, 2.75 0.67 2.22 0.97
,

(F =
1,34

11.27, p<0.005). ,
(M= 2.00, SD=0.78)
(=3.00, SD= 0.70),
.

.
.

43
 3,00

2,50

2,00

1,50
. .

1,00

0,50

0,00

. , ,
..

(F =
1,34

11.27, p<0.005). ,
- (M= 2.79,
SD=0.41)
(=1.33, SD= 0.70), .

.
.

44
 3,00

2,50

2,00
..

1,50

1,00

0,50

0,00

,
,
,
(F 1,31 = 3.18, p>0.05).

.
.

(=24) (=9)

45
 1.29 0.46 1.67 0.71

(F 1,31 = 0.11, p>0.05).
,

. ,
1,
.

.
.

(=24) (=9)


1.12 0.34 1.11 0.33
,

.
.

(F 1,31 = 0.66,
p>0.05). V

46
 ,
.
, ,
(
, -3 ).

V.
.

(=24) (=9)

/ 1.71 0.46 1.55 0.52

. / .

(F =
1,34

11.27, p<0.005). , /
(M= 1.87, SD=0.33)
(=1.00, SD= 0.00),
V.
, -
- .

V.
/
.

47

2-3
/

t,
. , t

.

.
(=6.51, SD=1.46)
(t=7.15, df=50, p<0.05) (=4.53, SD=1.33).

V.
.

48
 7,00

6,00
..

5,00

4,00

3,00

2,00

1,00

0,00

(=16.14, SD=3.11) (t=2.97,
df=50, p<0.05) (=14.24, SD=3.36).

VI.

.

49
 20,00

..

15,00

10,00

5,00

0,00

,
,
. ,
(=13.02, SD=2.29)
(t=5.74, df=50, p<0.05)
(=10.41, SD=1.85). ,
(
) (=6.22, SD=1.50)
(t=7.72, df=50, p<0.05)
(=3.90, SD=1.75).
.
,
.
(..
)

50
 (t=1.02, df=50, p=0.31).

(t=0.46, df=50,
p=0.65).
(=5.65, SD=1.37)
(=5.53, SD=1.08)
(t=0.46, df=50, p=0.65). ,

.
(=10.04, SD=2.36) (t=3.61, df=50,
p<0.05) (=8.57, SD=2.44).
(=10.04, SD=2.36)
(=4.61, SD=1.51) (t=3.21, df=50, p<0.05). ,
(t=2.29, df=50, p<0.05)
(=7.22, SD=2.39)
(=6.37, SD=1.1.94).

VII. ..
, .

51
 12,00

10,00
M.O.

8,00

6,00

4,00

2,00

0,00

VIII. H
.

52
 8,00

..

6,00

4,00

2,00

0,00

IX. H
.

6,00

5,00

..

4,00

3,00

2,00

1,00

0,00

53
4 4-


, .
bullying,

.
,

,
.
bullying
,


.

.
,
Olweus. 28% (=33)
. 1 4
. , (1999)
.
8
1312 , 14,7%
, 6,24% 4,8%
. 42,5% ().
, 34% 22,83%
25,3% 38% ,
.

(, 2001).
,

54
 , .
. ,
. (1999).
,
,
. , .
,
, .
.
,
. ,

Olweus (1993)
. ,
Boulton, , , (2001)
, 75%
48% .

.

/
(. Austin & Joseph, 1996,
& Smith 2002, 14),
(..
2000, & Smith, 2002).
33 (28%),
24 (72.7%) 9 (27.3%),
.


, . Boulton, , ,
(2001) 664 / 8-11

55
 (, ,
.
. Olweus (1999) 60
% ,
15-20 % .
(80%)
.
Olweus (direct)
.
(indirect)
.
,
,
, .

:

. ,

. , ,
..

.
.

. / .

56
 ,
.
,

,
. ,
.
,
,

.

,
,

.

.
,

1,

.
,
.

,
-3 .

/
, -
- .

( ).

57

(2007)


/ . , .
,

.
,

,
.


,
. ,
/
. Crick & Grotpeter
(1995)
(relational aggression),

. ,
,
. ,
,
,
(Crick & Grotpeter, 1995). ,
,

,
(Crick & Grotpeter, 1995). Crick & Grotpeter (1995)

. ,
,

58

,
.

(t=7.15,
df=50, p<0.05).
.
,
. ,
, ,
/ (Andreou, 2001, 2000. Siann, Callaghan, Lockhart & Rawson, 1993).

.

(Besag, 2006).
,
,
.

(t=2.97, df=50, p<0.05)
(t=2.97, df=50, p<0.05). Kochenderfer-Ladd &
Pelletier (2007)
. ,
bullying
.

,

.


.

.

59
 (.. )

.
,
.
,

, .

.

,

,
(
).
,
,

. ,

.


,
.
,
.
-
( ) ,
,
,
. , Craig, Henderson & Murphy
(2000)

60
 bullying,

.



.
,

.
, ,
,
,

,
. bullying

.


.

. ,
,
.

. (quota), ,
,
,
.
,

.
,

61

. ,

. ,

.
.
(, 1999).
,
.
,
.

.
,
.

. a
Cronbach, .

,
.
.
,

(, 2005).

. ,

(, 2005). ,

.
,
,

62
 .
,
.
,


, .
,
,
,
.

. ,
(
)
,
.


.
,
- .

63


, . & Smith, .. (2002). bullyng

.
, 34, 9-24.

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in conflictual peer interactions among school-age children. Educational
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56.

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Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence. American academy of pediatrics, 118,
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Besag E. Valerie (2006). Understanding girls friendships, fights and feuds, Practical
approach to girls bullying. Open university Press, England: Berkshire.

Bjrkqvist, K., Lagerspetz, K. M. J., & Kaukiainen, A. (1992). Do girls manipulate and
boys fight? Developmental trends in regard to direct and indirect aggression.
Aggressive Behavior, 18, 117127.

Boulton, M.J. (1997). Teachers' views on bullying: Definitions, attitudes and ability to
cope, British Journal of Educational Psychology, 67, 223-233.

Boulton, M.J., , ., , ., , ., & , . (2001).

. , 8, 12-29.

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oulton M.J., Trueman M. & Flemington I.(2002). Associations between secondary
school pupils definitions of bullying attitudes towards bullying and tendencies
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victims and bully/victims in middle childhood. Journal of Social & Personal
Relationships,11, 21532.

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toward bullying and victimization. School Psychology International Special, 21,
5-21.

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psychological adjustment. Child Development, 66, 710722.

Crick, N. R., Bigbee, M. A. & Howes, C.(1996). Gender differences in childrens

normative beliefs about aggression: How do I hurt thee? Let me count the ways.
Child development, V.67,(3), 1003-1014.

Crozier,W. R., & Skliopidou, E. (2002). Adult recollections o name-calling at school.

Educational Psychology, 22, 113124.

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