Name: Ramirez, Christine Marie T.

February 4, 2021
Course and Section: BS Accountancy 2201

Science, Technology and Society (GED 109)

Activity 1
1. List down the scientific discoveries and technological breakthroughs in each
period.
a. Ancient Times to 600 BC
➢ Practical Arts like healing practices and metal tradition.
➢ Egyptians medical practices
➢ Papyrus: ancient form of paper, made from the papyrus plant, a reed which
grows in the marshy areas around the Nile river.
➢ Mesopotamians were making pottery using the first known potter’s wheel.
➢ Horse-drawn chariots
➢ Compasses: to aid Chinese in their travel.
b. Advent of Science (600 BC to 500 AD)
➢ Ancient Greeks were the first true scientist, they collected facts and observations
and then used those observations to explain the natural world.
➢ Scientific thought in Classical Antiquity becomes tangible in pre-Socratic
philosophy.
➢ Produced substantial advances in scientific knowledge especially in anatomy,
zoology, botany, mineralogy, geography, mathematics and astronomy.
➢ Application of mathematics and deliberate empirical research.
c. Islamic Golden Age
➢ Period of cultural, economic and scientific flourishing in the history of Islam.
➢ Wide range of subject areas, especially astronomy, mathematics, and medicine.
➢ Science Inquiry was practiced in other subjects like alchemy and chemistry,
botany and agronomy, geography and cartography, ophthalmology,
pharmacology, physics and zoology.
➢ Astronomy- useful in determining the Qibla, which is the direction in which to
pray.
➢ Botany- applied I agriculture and geography enabled scientists to make accurate
maps.
➢ Mathematics- flourished during the Islamic Golden Age with the works of Al-
Khwarizmi, Avicenna and Jamshid al Kashi that led to advance in algebra,
trigonometry, geometry, and Arabic numerals.
➢ Al-Biruni, and Avicenna produced books that contain descriptions of the
preparation of hundreds of drugs made from medicinal plants and chemical
compounds.
➢ Islamic physicists studied optics and mechanics as well as astronomy, and
criticized Aristotle’s view of motion.
d. Ancient China and the Far East
➢ Significant scientific innovations, findings and technological advances across
various scientific disciplines including natural sciences, engineering, medicine,
military technology, mathematics, geology and astronomy.
➢ Compass- discovered the world market and found colonies.
➢ Gunpowder- blew up the knightly class.
➢ Papermaking
➢ Printing- instrument of Protestantism and the regeneration of science.
e. Renaissance
➢ Great advances occurred in geography, astronomy, chemistry, physics
mathematics, anatomy, manufacturing, and engineering.
➢ Rediscovery of ancient scientific texts was accelerated after the Fall of the
Constantinople on 1453, and the invention of printing democratized learning and
allowed a faster propagation of new ideas.
 ➢ Marie Boas Hall coined the term Scientific Renaissance to designate the early
phase of the Scientific Revolution.
➢ Peter Dear has argued for a two-phase model of early modern science: A
Scientific Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centuries, focused on the restoration
of the natural knowledge of the ancients
➢ Scientific Revolution of the 17th century, when scientists shifted from recovery to
innovation.
➢ Seen as one of scientific backwardness.
➢ Development of printing, with movable metal type
➢ Block printing on wood came to the West from China
➢ Papermaking came from China by way of the Arabs
f. Enlightenment Period
➢ Radical reorientation in science, which emphasized reason over superstition and
science over blind faith
➢ Produced numerous books, essays, inventions, scientific discoveries, laws, wars
and revolutions
➢ Isaac Newton published his “Principia Mathematica”
➢ John Locke his “Essay Concerning Human Understanding”
g. Industrial Revolution
➢ Tailoring of alloy steels
➢ Creation of new substances, like aniline dyes, of fundamental industrial
importance, and that electricity and magnetism were harnessed in the electric
dynamo and motor
➢ Theory of steam power, to creation of thermodynamics
➢ The use of new basic materials, chiefly iron and steel
➢ The use of new energy sources, including both fuels and motive power, such as
coal, the steam engine, electricity, petroleum, and the internal-combustion engine
➢ The invention of new machines, such as the spinning jenny and the power loom
that permitted increased production with a smaller expenditure of human energy
➢ A new organization of work known as the factory system, which entailed
increased division of labor and specialization of function
➢ Important developments in transportation and communication, including the
steam locomotive, steamship, automobile, airplane, telegraph, and radio
➢ The increasing application of science to industry.
h. 20th century
➢ Einstein’s formulation of the Theory of Relativity
➢ several branches of science continued to make great progress and we
here list physics, chemistry, biology, geology and astronomy.
➢ Semi-conductor (transistor)
➢ Nanotechnology
➢ Nuclear Physics
➢ Important landmark for biology with the description by Crick and Watson of the
structure of DNA, the carrier of genetic information.
➢ Medicine finds a cure for many life-threatening diseases and the beginning of
organ transplants.
i. Fourth Industrial Revolution
➢ A way of describing the blurring of boundaries between the physical, digital, and
biological worlds.
➢ Fusion of advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI)
➢ New computational technologies are making computers smarter
➢ Virtual reality (VR) offers immersive digital experiences (using a VR headset) that
simulate the real world, while augmented reality merges the digital and physical
worlds.
➢ Biotechnology harnesses cellular and biomolecular processes to develop new
technologies and products for a range of uses, including developing new
pharmaceuticals and materials, more efficient industrial manufacturing
processes, and cleaner, more efficient energy sources.
 ➢ Robotics- design, manufacture, and use of robots for personal and commercial
use.
➢ 3D printing allows manufacturing businesses to print their own parts, with less
tooling, at a lower cost, and faster than via traditional processes.
➢ The Internet of things (IoT) describes the network of physical objects—“things”—
that are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies for the
purpose of connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems over
the Internet
➢ GPS systems that suggest the fastest route to a destination
➢ Apple’s Siri - voice--activated virtual assistants, personalized Netflix
recommendations
➢ Facebook’s ability to recognize your face and tag you in a friend’s photo.
➢ Innovative materials, including plastics, metal alloys, and biomaterials, promise to
shake up sectors including manufacturing, renewable energy, construction, and
healthcare.

2. If given a chance to live back in time and considering the influence of science and
technology in the society and the environment, which period would you choose
and why? Would you prefer a less technologically driven society or you wouldn’t trade
the comforts of modern life?
The period that I would choose considering the influence of science and
technology would be Science and Technology in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. For
the reason that the innovations are beneficial for the society especially in making the job
or work easier. Technology helps people in day-to-day activities which makes their lives
comfortable. With the period I chose, communication is easier and information are a lot
more accessible. For all the reasons stated, we can be globally competitive and the
inventions and innovations during this time will be helpful to the society and
environment.
I would not trade the comfort of our modern life because technology is vital in the
society. We cannot deny the fact that we are surrounded by the technology and it helps
us to live easier and be more productive. Moreover, with the situation we have right
now, technology is clearly a necessity especially for us students in order to accomplish
the tasks given and also to be capable in participating and continuing our studies. Since
pandemic is a serious case, technologies are useful in order to survive in getting the
necessities such groceries, education, work and communicating with our love ones.
Therefore, the modern life gives a big impact for the society to survive and have a better
environment through development of science and technology.