CarbonanditsCompounds-cas@II 7sse.

a 'm

wg@ivEa.n
I
{
↳
valency 4
-
-

Itt -

mass =
124

coal
Eisen: '
Ianthe
carbide earth crust (002%6)
2nd most abundant element in
-

> Carbon is the

the human body after oxygen .

 occurrenuofcarbmcaybonfl.IE
xist

inT Occurs
v
at -
oxide
¥biyed
occurs
CO
compels
as

CO2
-

Trganic
>
etc.
- Coke ,
charcoal carbonates tacos , Mgb ,

Diamond Allotropes of
J
-

Graphite carbon .

-
Buckminsterfullerene
 Carbon
Allotropes of
-
-

existence
Allotropy
- Tt is a
phenomenon of
element in
two or more

of an

state
forms
in the same physical .

exist
EI . Elemental oxygen as0⑦
←
Allotropes of
oxygen
E Elemental carbon exist as -

Diummd,gmphi6g4fuHereu V
Carbon
Allotropes of .
 Diamond :

:muY¥iF¥¥•
-

network structure q•
z D
•q•-•
-

imminent Hey
•
t
other
by
surrounded 4

carbon alarms .

hard
→
→
Extremely
poor
earductw of -

electricity brilliance
high
jewellery instruments due
.

Uses s Making
-

glass
.

like
• Used
makingin
cutting hard
cutter Extremely I
 Graphite ota , traction -

-
der force
Graphite composed van
is
Waals → → Ist
layer
of D layer
2-

autfe ai a fo rc e
↳ :
'

: i i

containing hexagon
'

is . I

I t

carbon I
i

of
,

2nd
rings
i
held ÷i
atoms These
layers wager
are it i

Vander I
weak
together by
.
,
' '
i

/
,

attraction i
3rd
force
A : ;
Waals
' .

Each carbon atom is :# layer

w
bonded to 3 other C- atone f
its 4th e is free & de localised
-

ooo It conducts electricity .

Uses ① leads &
Used for
making pencil soft
-

leaves black mark on

paper .

(2) It is used as lubricant for machinery pasts

its nature
due to slippery electrical
③ Also act as electrodes due to
high
conductivity
high density
.

hard have
* Diamond is
extremely &

Graphite extremely
is soft & has bio
density .

(Coo )
:O Buckminsterfullerene
Fullerene
60 carbon atoms .
-

spherical in shape .

hexagonal rings
It has 20
pentagonal & 12

sings Used
-

Use -
preparation of super
in

conductors ,
electronic 4 optical
devices -

(2) Used in
drug delivery
 Carbon
Nature of
Bonding in
compounds
T
Gvaeentba#
share its
Groban has to
Carbon atom hey
4 valence e-

to be either cha
.

a-
Carbon can acquire
Nearest noble
gas config
either
following
of ways
-

by Cdt
he ( ch) -

1-
By losing
4 ) By gaining e.
-

A4
By sharing
e-
3.
.
Carbon can't lose 4 e- to
form C
"
because

amount
large of
energy
is
required .

to form E because
-

Carbon can't he -

it will be
gain for its nucleus to hold
difficult
-

four extra electrons .

As carbon can't form Cht or Ct ; carbon compounds

can't form ionic bonds .

which carbon can

in
The
only waynoble configuration is
by
acquire gas C forms
its valence i. e
sharing
covalent bond
4
.
e- .
Formation Covalent band → electron doe -

of
Str molecules
.

of .

circle around each atom

Tips ① make
.

intersect
-

atom's circle will

① central

other atoms circle .

there
its circle
③ For H - atom
,
in
the rest
be f for
should
-

2 e

circle
respective
.

8 e
-

in their
band .

② two
one
e
- shared

b/w two atoms

Ex Formation of water molecule ( -

e dot

TO stir .

'' '
FF
covalent
GI
: Formation of ammonia singlebond

vHz) it
. -
.
KI
"
Formation of methane @ Ha )

H
÷÷ .

ELI
:
Foomationof0zmol#
www.ubmoe.

o
Ext Formational
:

o=e=o

ExIFormationofNzmole

n: n¥iYEabI
 Two important properties of carbon

4 bards
forms
.

{ Carbon
-
Self king property
due to which
an Carbon has the strongest
element can form catenation property .

{
long
chain
kings of
Reason :
C -
e band
different size is
due
property very strong eaten
is
called catenation .

to snail sing
-

I f f ¥e÷÷¥
- - -

t M I
 carbon
Due to these two properties,
can

form of carbon compounds

large no
.

nds Hydw--bons&
their derivatives

Hydrocarbons
=
# contain
which
Those
compounds
carbon &
hydrogen only
.

atoms
* Homs hC organic chemistry ,

& tf called hetero -

other than
are

-
atoms .
 Types of Hydrocarbons
=
=
Unsaturated H
saturated Hydrocarbon→
-
e

v de
alkane alkene alkyne
General .cn/tzn+zCnHzn
. CnH2n -2
formula
E CzHg ↳ HG 63114

18×2=36+2

¥m¥e 17×2--34-2
=
Nature of
Bondingcarbon
in -

① Alkanes : -> All forms C -

C
single
bond
e Draw
,gtneYYenA9"§wp@
re
-

f off
-

te
- n

H µ
dot
Electron
④
n
structure
← ÷ : .

H te
H
 double is
(2) Alkene Atleast one C c
-

present .

of GHG (propene)
EI
-
Draw
then structure
c' =D
'

g H
-
-

u -

dot te
Electron
stir
&
"

i : .
(3) Alkyne At least one c - c
triple bond
is
present
EI -

Draw the structure of C

, Ha ( prop ynej
H

H -

!
c - E c -
H

e
-

dots fr .

no
-

H
Q Wimp for
this Board exam .

Write the differences b/w ionic

compounds
& covalent compounds .

band ?
content
-

What is
D= I,
Bond formed by
mutual sharing of
molecule .

atoms in a

b/w
e-

of following
structure the
electron dot
:

I Draw Cr ) NH
Oz City
Nz Civ) etty ,
Ci) Hz
(vid (vid Cath (Viii) GHz
Cate 6
( ethane ) (ethene ) (Ethyne )
Homologousseriescf
What
homologous
is series in
chemistry?

Stale
any
fairytales of a

series
homologous
.

is the series

homologous
series
A
And which have
compounds
of organic
similarities & sane

funcgaipleaehsu-essi.ve
oueCHzun↳
mender differ by
 tho
Ha C3H84
C

¥ C2HGh
,

series
of homologous
:
characteristics
-

t.FR
members of
homologous
the series
all of
of alkane
are
represented by
formula CnHzn+z they
general .

have same functional group .

2 .
Successive members differ Utzmitfrluuass)
by
one

have similar chemical properties

3 .

They
show increase in
h .

They
a

gradual
the value of physical properties .

B. p OH
, ( Cate . Is @ Heo
 HomologousSerieeafalKa#nHz
homologous
µ#en¥raYfkme/
#
Name
Member of
series
of alkane

2hdmeniberthane.ie#f: :- :s-thmember5
than

→
 Series alkene :
Cathy
Homologous of

MembersofvahgofformulaNaw#

:¥:i
alkene
Homologous
series
of alkene

±
srdmuukr n=4
Cates butene
4th member n=5 (
gtfo penteue
← Number
/n=G 1GHz / hexeue
 HowwlogousSeriesofalkyne#nHzn
membersof.name#homgek.ggusVahn.YfoofaTEy'
an alkyne

'

n
-

y GHG butyne
Thwart
-

YITmtfn.co/c.#exyT.
4=5 G- Hg peutyrre

→
 Somewhat
01 .
Define catenation .

does carbon shew the property of

92
why
.

extent ?
catenation to a
large covalent
why
does carbon
always form
bonds ?
would be the e- dot structure of
Oh What
which has formula coz
.

the
carbon dioxide
.

dot Str of molecule

would be
-
.
a
what
e

OI 8 atoms
neliich made up of
of sulphur is

?
of sulphur
0cg what are
the two
properties of carboy
of carbon
which led to the
huge no .

?
compounds around
we see us
07 with the molecular
Ethane
.

→ ,

has
formula Cz H ,

② 6 covalent bonds 60/7 Covalent bonds

① 8 Content bands (d) 9 covalent bonds .

Cz H , → alkane
H H
t t
- -
ti
g ✓ fete-

H H
€8 Why is it difficult for carbon to lose

four e
-

to form cations ?
?
Oa .

why
is
±mg
small
due to
size of C-atom .