Identifying the Waste Management Issue and Providing Alternative

Solutions for Barangay Basak, Mandaue City

____________________________________________________________

A Concept Paper
Presented to the
Undergraduate Faculty of Department of
Business Administration, University of San Carlos
Cebu City, Philippines

In Partial Fulfilment
Of the Requirement for the Course
Introduction to Social Entrepreneurship (SOEN 1)

____________________________________________________________

Garsain, John Lynwel

Manalili, Rhyan
Polhen, Earvin
Siao, Kristan Mario
Tabel, Lance Ranier
Vega, Alexane Avrielle
 ENDORSEMENT SHEET

This Concept paper entitled “IDENTIFYING THE WASTE MANAGEMENT ISSUE AND
PROVIDING ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS FOR BARANGAY BASAK, MANDAUE
CITY” prepared and submitted by JOHN GARSAIN, RHYAN MANALILI, EARVIN
POLHEN, KRISTAN SIAO, LANCE TABEL, AND ALEXANE VEGA of the Requirements
for the course on the INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP has been
accepted for ORAL PRESENTATION.

DR. ALICIA VILLAR

Adviser

ii
 STUDENTS’ DECLARATION OF
ORIGINALITY

We, JOHN GARSAIN, RHYAN MANALILI, EARVIN POLHEN, KRISTAN SIAO, LANCE
TABEL, AND ALEXANE VEGA, here submit our paper entitled “IDENTIFYING THE
WASTE MANAGEMENT ISSUE AND PROVIDING ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS FOR
BARANGAY BASAK, MANDAUE CITY” and truthfully declare that the paper is a
product of our original research investigation. To our best knowledge and belief, it
contains no material previously published or written by another person nor does it include
contents that are falsified or fabricated. We also sought permission from the
copyright owner to use text, illustrations and/or framework substantively used in the
paper. I understand that should the University of San Carlos, represented by its
Administrators and Faculty, eventually discover that my attestations herein are not so, I
accept the right of the University to impose the appropriate sanctions including the non-
granting of the degree, if so warranted.

Signed (input date) at the University of San Carlos, Cebu City,

Philippines.

Student’s Name Year/ Course Signature:

STUDENT’S NAME YEAR/ COURSE SIGNATURE

Garsain, John Lynwel 2nd Year/ BS Mechanical Engineering

Manalili, Rhyan 3rd Year/ BS Hospitality Management

Polhen, Earvin 3rd Year/ BS Hospitality Management

Siao, Kristan Mario 2nd Year/ BS Industrial Engineering

Tabel, Lance Ranier 2nd Year/ BS Industrial Engineering

Vega, Alexane Avrielle 2nd Year/ BS Industrial Engineering

iii
Attested
by:

Name of Faculty Adviser: _______________________________________________

Signature of Faculty Adviser:

_______________________________________________
Date Signed: _______________________________________________

iv
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This study was conducted by six students from the University of San Carlos with different
courses. The group agreed upon choosing Barangay Basak, Mandaue City as the
parameter for this study as there was an evident issue in waste management around the
area. Since the study ultimately tackles the social issue on improper waste management,
the researchers unanimously focused on (1) identifying the root causes of why the issue
exists, and (2) providing alternative solutions to solving the problem.

To be able to identify the recurrent issue on proper waste management in Barangay

Basak, Mandaue City was the main objective of this study. The researchers show the
current programs and practices being followed in the area, as well as the ineffectiveness
of these current methods. Through this report, the researchers were able to provide their
recommendations and alternative solutions that could ultimately promote sustainable
development in terms of waste collection, regulation, and disposal. Through these
solutions, the researchers aim to eradicate the side-effects brought about by the improper
waste management, as well.

Through this study, it could potentially provide a great opportunity for the researchers to
embrace the true essence of being a social entrepreneur -- solving societal problems and
creating a lasting impact on the community. Through this report, the researchers were
able to give several alternative solutions to the issue. The researchers hope that this study
could be made use of by the higher authorities and be taken into consideration for
implementation.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to acknowledge Dr. Alicia Villar for her help and guidance to
the researchers. The researchers also want to acknowledge the University of San Carlos
for giving them the opportunity to create this study. Lastly, the researchers would like to
thank God for showering them with the wisdom and strength to pursue this paper.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter Page no.

Cover Page I
Endorsement Sheet II
Student’s Declaration of Originality III
Executive Summary V
Acknowledgement VI
Table of Contents VII
List of Tables VIII

1 Introduction 1
Rationale of the Study 1
Significance of the Study 2
Profile of the Community 2
2 Need and Opportunity Analysis n/a
Overview of the Problem n/a
Current Trends n/a
Root Causes of the Problem n/a
Environment Landscape n/a
Project Statement n/a
3 Social Entrepreneurial Opportunity n/a
The Solution n/a
Impact Indicators n/a
Concept Map n/a
Bibliography n/a
Appendices
A Maps of the Barangay/ Locality n/a
B Other Supporting Documents n/a

vii
 LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1 Population Census Data (Barangay Basak, Mandaue City)

Census date Population Growth rate

1990 May 1 4,503 –

1995 Sep 1 5,273 3.00%

2000 May 1 7,631 8.25%

2007 Aug 1 9,383 2.89%

2010 May 1 7,858 -6.25%

2015 Aug 1 10,606 5.88%

Table 2.1 PESTEL Analysis

Political Economic Social Technology Environment Legal

● Engr. ● The ● Irresponsible ● The ● Conducted ● 2

Doncoy barangay waste barangay Ecobricks establishme
urged the does not disposal of does not Training nts violated
barangay have the residents have a Workshop the City
officials to functional ● Lack of functional ● Conducted Ordinance
lead by Material knowledge Material SWMP NO. 10-
example Recovery regarding Recovery School 2006-372
● Barangay Facilities proper waste Facility Awareness
captain management ● Have 4 eco-
himself does warden
not practice
segregation
in his home.

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 Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION

Rationale of the Study

Lack of proper waste management has been a recurrent and constant problem faced in
all aspects of society. From the collection, to the regulation, and ultimately to the disposal of
different types of wastes, a clear lack of management has been evident globally, and especially
within the country. Littering is a common habit among Filipinos as if it is inculcated within the
culture. In the country, garbage of any sort can be found all around -- on streets, vacant lots, seas,
rivers, parks, etc. To further solidify this claim, a 2015 study from the Ocean Conservancy charity
has shown that the Philippines is the world’s third largest waste polluter. Furthermore, a report
from the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) claims that the amount of
waste in the country [Philippines] is said to have significantly increased annually from 2008 to
2020.

As stated in the 12th goal of the United Nations’ ‘Sustainable Development Goals’ (SDGs),
the organization emphasizes on the importance of responsible consumption and production. More
specifically, the non-profit organization aims to “substantially reduce waste generation through
prevention, reduction, recycling, and reusing by 2030”. From a global perspective, there are many
different factors that contribute to the improper management of wastes. Some of the major root
causes of such lack of proper management include (1) lack of financial management and logistics,
(2) deficient municipal infrastructures, (3) lopsided planning pastures, and (4) sociocultural
practices (Mamady, 2016). It is also important to acknowledge the fact that community civilians
also play a role in this problem -- their attitude, waste-handling practices, and their interactions
with others in the system all have an influence.

On a more local scale, the province of Cebu faces the same challenge when it comes to
garbage disposal. Issues regarding the overflowing of landfills, closure of landfills, complaints on
foul smell, and lack of trash segregation are experienced by the different cities in the area (Stinus-
Cabugon, 2019). Through this concept paper, the researchers aim to provide insightful ideas and
suggestions that can address the waste management problem specifically in Barangay Basak,
Mandaue City, Cebu. This paper seeks to delve into the different factors attributing to the

1
barangay’s garbage disposal issue, as well as possible alternatives/solutions to combat them as
well.

Significance of the Study

This study will be undertaken to determine the various social issues currently taking place
in Barangay Basak, Mandaue City. Through this study, the residents of the said barangay would
be made aware regarding the gravity of the pollution in their area due to irresponsible waste
disposal. The results of this study will give knowledge and benefit the following:

Residents of Barangay Basak. This study is beneficial to the current residents of the
barangay in order for them to change their habits to improve their living conditions. The
results of this study will encourage them to dispose of their waste responsibly to maintain
a cleaner environment.

Barangay Officials of Barangay Basak. This study is beneficial to the higher-ups of the
area for them to appropriately implement policies and projects to address the issues. This
way, they can properly enforce rules and regulations that the citizens must adhere to.

School Administration. This study will provide the school administration additional
information regarding the living conditions of the said area.

Future Researchers. This study will serve as a guide or basis for future researchers that
seek to delve deeper into social issues of the community.

Profile of the Community

A. History

The word “Basak'' simply means “a place that is full of mud or is marshy” -- where
water abounds even in a drought. Previously, the area used to have only several people
living in it and they used to describe the place as “Didto’s basakan nga dapit” (there by
the swampy place). A contraction from ‘Basakan’ to ‘Basak’ occurred as a way of eluding
long phrases -- believed to be a Cebuano cultural trait. A similar account acknowledges

2
the watery nature of the place, but adds that this quality made it ideal for wet cultivation,
a “basakan”. This is corroborated in the HDP in the 1950s: Basak comes from the
Cebuano word for “wet” as evident by the area’s floods during the rainy season. Basak
was planted with rice, tangkong or swamp cabbage (Ipomea aquatica Torsk), and grass
fodder for the carabaos and horses like zacate (Zacate amargo) and bungalong (Avicennia
marina)

B. Population

Basak is a barangay in the city of Mandaue. Its population as determined by the

2015 Census was 10,606. This represented 2.92% of the total population of Mandaue.
According to the 2015 Census, the age group with the highest population in Basak is 25
to 29, with 1,201 individuals. Conversely, the age group with the lowest population is 75
to 79, with 44 individualsBarangay Basak is a city of Mandaue. The barangay has an
approximate population of more than 10,000 individuals as of 2015 which represents
2.92% of the city’s total population. According to the 2015 Census, the age group with the
highest population in Basak is 25 to 29, with 1,201 individuals. Conversely, the age group
with the lowest population is 75 to 79, with 44 individuals. Two-thirds of Basak’s population
are economically active and potential members of the city’s workforce (PhilAtlas, 2015).

Brgy. Basak’s population grew from 4,503 in 1990 to 10,606 in 2015, an increase
of 6,103 people. The latest census figures in 2015 denote a positive growth rate of 5.88%,
or an increase of 2,748 people, from the previous population of 7,858 in 2010.

Table 1.1 Population Census Data

Census date Population Growth rate

1990 May 1 4,503 –

1995 Sep 1 5,273 3.00%

2000 May 1 7,631 8.25%

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 2007 Aug 1 9,383 2.89%

2010 May 1 7,858 -6.25%

2015 Aug 1 10,606 5.88%

C. Topography and Environment

The barangay is situated at approximately 0.3562, 123.9491, in the island of Cebu.

Elevation at these coordinates is estimated at 12.0 meters or 39.4 feet above mean sea
level. It shares a common border with the following barangays of Labogon, Jagobiao,
Pagsabungan, Tibok, and Tingub, Mandaue City. The barangay is composed of residential
areas and commercial establishments.

The environment officials in Mandaue City recently called on barangay captains in

the city to lead by example and encourage people to practice waste segregation.
According to the assistant chief of the EBM, they were observing 10 barangays in
Mandaue city and barangay Basak is one of the selected barangays to be monitored and
does not have the material recovery facilities.

A population of 10,606 in Barangay Basak, the chief spread to the reporters that
they will help guide the Barangay on implementing waste segregation it said he’s been
practicing waste segregation at home for the past 10 years and a year, It’s different when
people see you doing waste segregation yourself because it’s not just the problem of
government. It’s everyone’s problem, according to the chief.

4
References

Department of Environment and Natural Resources. (2018). National Solid Waste

Management Status Report. Retrieved March 04, 2021, from https://emb.gov.ph/wp-
content/uploads/2019/08/National-Solid-Waste-Management-Status-Report-2008-2018.pdf

Villa, A. (2018, October 14). Philippines plastic pollution: Why so much waste ends up in
oceans. Retrieved March 04, 2021, from
https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/health/article/2168819/philippines-plastic-pollution-why-so-
much-waste-ends-oceans

United Nations. (2016, July). Sustainable Development Goals. Retrieved March 04, 2021,
from https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-consumption-production/
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jeph/2016/9305768/

Stinus-Cabugon, M. (2019, June 09). Cebu’s garbage disposal challenge. Retrieved

March 04, 2021, from https://www.manilatimes.net/2019/06/10/opinion/columnists/cebus-
garbage-disposal-challenge/567075/

Mamady, K. (2016). Factors influencing attitude, Safety behavior, and knowledge

regarding household waste management IN GUINEA: A cross-sectional study [Abstract]. Journal
of Environmental and Public Health, 2016, 1-9. doi:10.1155/2016/9305768

Basak, Mandaue profile – PhilAtlas. (2015). PhilAtlas.

https://www.philatlas.com/visayas/r07/mandaue/basak.html