TYPES OF VOID

AGREEMENT
PRESENTATION में इंगित सभी EXAMPLE सच्ची घटनाओं पर
आधारित हैं

PRESENTATION बोरिंग ना लगे इसके लिए किसी भी किरदार के

नाम या घटना के स्थान को नहीं बदला गया है

धन्यवाद
 AGREEMENT BY PERSON WHO ARE NOT
COMPETENT TO CONTRACT
(SECTION 11)
Section 11 defines the competent parties as:
a) Both the parties are at the age of majority.
b) Both parties are of sound mind.
c) Both parties must not be disqualified by law.
d)
 AGREEMENT BY PERSON WHO ARE NOT
COMPETENT TO CONTRACT
(SECTION 11)
Section 11 defines the competent parties as:
a) Both the parties are at the age of majority.
b) Both parties are of sound mind.
c) Both parties must not be disqualified by law.
तो बालक एवं बालिका क्या सीखे
18 से कम उम्र के व्यक्ति से कॉन्ट्रै क्ट नहीं करने का
सही गलत का समझ होना चाहिए बन्दा को, कोई पागल यानी की मेरे जैसे घिस्केले के साथ मत करना
किसी कैदी या क्रिमिनल के साथ कांट्रेक्ट मत कीजियेगा
AGREEMENT UNDER A MUTUAL MISTAKE OF FACT
(SECTION 20)
when both the parties misunderstand each other leaving them at a crossroads. Such a mistake
can be because of an error in understanding, or ignorance or omission etc.

तो ऐसा मान लीजिये मैडम और समीर भाई में कांट्रेक्ट हुआ

मैडम बोली तम
ु कुछ नहीं बोलेगा
समीर समझा परमानेंट मौन
समीर बोला impossible
मैडम बोली ठीक
AGREEMENT UNDER A MUTUAL MISTAKE OF FACT
(SECTION 20)

तो ऐसा मान लीजिये मैडम और समीर भाई में कांट्रेक्ट हुआ

मैडम बोली तुम कुछ नहीं बोलेगा
समीर समझा परमानेंट मौन
समीर बोला impossible
मैडम बोली ठीक
तो यहाँ गलत क्या हुआ जिसके कारण ये agreement void हो गया
मैडम समीर को क्लास में चुप बैठने को बोलीं समीर क्या समझा? अरे बताओ ?
और समीर के impossible बोलने पर मैडम क्या समझी? “ओके मैम” !
 AGREEMENT WITH UNLAWFUL CONSIDERATION
OR OBJECT
(SECTION 23)
§

The consideration or object of an agreement is lawful, unless—

a) it is forbidden by law.
b) Or is of such a nature that, if permitted, it would defeat the provisions of any law; or
is fraudulent.
c) Or involves or implies, injury to the person or property of another
d) Or the Court regards it as immoral or opposed to public policy.
 AGREEMENT WITH UNLAWFUL CONSIDERATION
OR OBJECT
(SECTION 23)
§

In each of the cases presented in the previous slide, the consideration or object of an agreement
is said to be unlawful. Every agreement of which the object or consideration is unlawful is void.

अब जब explanation हो ही गया है तो एक example फेंक रहें हैं कैच कीजियेगा

मान लीजिये हम में और प्रशंसा में कांट्रेक्ट हुआ की हमलोग मिलके बैंक में डकैती करें गे जो
भी मिला अपना आधा आधा
डकैती unlawful activity है न तो बस हो गया agreement void.
 AGREEMENTS, THE CONSIDERATION OF OBJECT
OF WHICH IS UNLAWFUL IN PART
(SECTION–24)
If any part of a single consideration for one or more objects, or any one or any part of any one of
several considerations for a single object is unlawful, the agreement is void.
 AGREEMENTS, THE CONSIDERATION OF OBJECT
OF WHICH IS UNLAWFUL IN PART
(SECTION–24)
If any part of a single consideration for one or more objects, or any one or any part of any one of
several considerations for a single object is unlawful, the agreement is void.

तो अगर हम ये कहें कि दीपिका और रक्षा में agreement हुआ की दीपिका रक्षा को जॉब दे गी
एक आईटी कम्पनी में मासिक बीस हज़ार की सैलरी पर
Agreement तो हो गया हालाँकि दीपिका रक्षा को ये नहीं बताई की उसको hacking करके पैसा
लूटना है
यहाँ agreement तो हुआ पर consideration एक पार्ट unlawful हुआ
तो बस हो गया agreement void.
 AGREEMENT WITHOUT CONSIDERATION
(SECTION-25)
Section 25 of the Contract Act reads- “Agreements without consideration, void unless it is
writing and registered or is a promise to compensate for something or is a promise to pay a debt
barred by limitation law”.

The exceptions are:

1. When the contract is in writing and registered
2. When it is for compensating someone for his voluntary services for the promisor in the past.
3. When it is a promise, signed or made in writing by the person or his agent to pay whole or part
of a debt which is barred by the law of limitation.
 AGREEMENT WITHOUT CONSIDERATION
(SECTION-25)
The exceptions are:
1. When the contract is in writing and registered
2. When it is for compensating someone for his voluntary services for the promisor in the past.
3. When it is a promise, signed or made in writing by the person or his agent to pay whole or part
of a debt which is barred by the law of limitation.
तो अगर सदा और ग़ज़ाला में agreement हुआ कि सदा ग़ज़ाला को पचास हज़ार रूपये दे गी
हालाँकि यहाँ सदा ने कुछ करने को या कुछ abstain करने को नही कहा
लो हो गया कांट्रेक्ट void.
 AGREEMENT IN RESTRAINT OF MARRIAGE
(SECTION-26)
Section 26 of Indian Contract Act provides that ”every agreement in restraint of the marriage of
any person, other than a minor, is void.”
 AGREEMENT IN RESTRAINT OF MARRIAGE
(SECTION-26)
Section 26 of Indian Contract Act provides that ”every agreement in restraint of the marriage of
any person, other than a minor, is void.”

तो यहाँ अगर मान लेते हैं की हमारा गौरव शादी कर रहा है

पर गौरव के साले साहब यानी की मैं गौरव के साथ agreement करता हूँ की अगर गौरव मेरी
बहन से शादी नहीं करे गा तो उसको हम एक लाख रूपये दं गू ा
गौरव मान जाता है agreement हो गया और वो भी void.
 AGREEMENT TO RESTRAINT TRADE
(SECTION-27)
Every agreement by which any one is restrained from exercising a lawful profession, trade or
business of any kind, is to that extent void.
 AGREEMENT TO RESTRAINT TRADE
(SECTION-27)
Every agreement by which any one is restrained from exercising a lawful profession, trade or
business of any kind, is to that extent void.

मान लेते हैं कि एक गाँव है जहाँ एकमात्र मेडिकल स्टोर सूफियान का है

अब उसी गाँव में महिमा भी एक मेडिकल स्टोर शरू
ु कर दे तीं हैं
और सूफियान को loss होने लगता है
तो सूफियान अमन के साथ agreement करते हैं की अगर अमन महिमा का दक
ु ान बंद करवा
दे गा तो सफि
ू यान उनको पचास हज़ार रूपये दें गे
तो भक्त गण साथ में मिलकर कहें ये agreement हो गया void
कहिये स्वाहा!!!
 AGREEMENT IN RESTRAINT OF LEGAL
PROCEEDINGS
(SECTION-28)
Section 28 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872 states that an agreement in absolute restraint of legal proceedings is
void.

§ Section 28 (a) of the Indian Contract Act, 1872 states that:

1. No agreement can debar enforcement of rights through a court of law. 

2. No agreement can oust the jurisdiction of a court.

3. No agreement can stipulate a time limit below the time limit prescribed under the Indian Limitation Act,
1963.
§ The 97th Law Commission analyzed Section 28 and proposed an amendment. Section 28(b) of the Indian
Contract Act, 1872, inserted via the Indian Contract (Amendment) Act, 1997, states that:
1. No agreement can extinguish the rights of any party on the expiry of a specified period.

2. No agreement can discharge any party from any liability on the expiry of a specified period.
 AGREEMENT IN RESTRAINT OF LEGAL
PROCEEDINGS
(SECTION-28)
Section 28 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872 states that an agreement in absolute restraint of legal
proceedings is void.

आप में से कोई भी वकील मान लीजिये कालीन भैया के against केस लड़ रहा है
अरे वही मिर्ज़ापरु वाले!!
अब कालीन भैया गुड्डू पंडित से agreement कर लिए की तुम इस वकील को और इस matter
को निपटाओ
तो गरु
ु ये agreement भी void है
 THE AGREEMENT MEANING OF WHICH IS
UNCERTAIN
(SECTION-29)
An agreement under Section 29 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872 is void when its terms are
ambiguous and uncertain, thus it cannot be made clear.
 THE AGREEMENT MEANING OF WHICH IS
UNCERTAIN
(SECTION-29)
An agreement under Section 29 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872 is void when its terms are
ambiguous and uncertain, thus it cannot be made clear.

यहाँ मनमीत ने कश्फ़ी के संग agreement किया की मनमीत कश्फ़ी को अपनी लाल लिपस्टिक
तीन सौ और एक हज़ार में बेचेगी
यहाँ price clear हुआ?
नहीं, और आ गया uncertainity!

लो फाइनली void हो गया!!

 WAGERING AGREEMENT
(SECTION-30)
Section 30 of the Indian Contract Acts provides that the agreement by way of the wager is void.
The term wager is to stake something of utility upon the outcome of some coming future
uncertain event
 WAGERING AGREEMENT
(SECTION-30)
Section 30 of the Indian Contract Acts provides that the agreement by way of the wager is void.
The term wager is to stake something of utility upon the outcome of some coming future
uncertain event.

हम और अतल
ु एक agreement करते हैं की आने वाले मैच में अगर india जीत गया तो अतल
ु
हमको तीस हज़ार रूपये दे गा
तो ये agreement वोईस हो जाएगा

वैसे भी जुआ खेलना बुरी बात है मत खेलिएगा वरना क्या बोलेगा लोग वकील साहे ब को दे खिये
सट्टा लगा रहे हैं
 AGREEMENT TO DO IMPOSSIBLE ACTS
(SECTION-56)
§ Section 56. Agreement to do impossible act.—An agreement to do an act impossible in itself is
void.
§ Contract to do act afterwards becoming impossible or unlawful.—A contract to do an act
which, after the contract is made, becomes impossible, or, by reason of some event which
the promisor could not prevent, unlawful, becomes void when the act becomes impossible or
unlawful.
§
§
 AGREEMENT TO DO IMPOSSIBLE ACTS
(SECTION-56)
§ Section 56. Agreement to do impossible act.—An agreement to do an act impossible in itself is
void.
§ Contract to do act afterwards becoming impossible or unlawful.—A contract to do an act
which, after the contract is made, becomes impossible, or, by reason of some event which
the promisor could not prevent, unlawful, becomes void when the act becomes impossible or
unlawful.
§

अगर मैं और मेरे पार्टनर शादी करने का agreement करते है और शादी से पहले ही मेरे
पार्टनर की मौत हो जाती है तो एक तरह से ये impossible to do types task है
बस हो गया agreement void!!!!!
का टुकुर टुकुर दे खत हो!!