emcond uctossTIMANESFton Geamenium

Fo Condyetoa - Conducty *_
T
|Fos Semiconducto Cond vc4y a T
Valente Sand n hch es aae
PefPa
ConductioNand empy bend above
Valerte band.
fo btdden band o neay EP
Enesgy 8P Sl Valence band e
Cond vC+for bon
Tosulatnhasge enegY P
r domond eV
Condvcloh Valente band 4 onduc on
band oVelap. Peg ble enesgy
emConductos Modeaqte ee °P
0.ev
SIon 11 ev Cesmenom
 A vatany Ceattdin Te
Valence bnd ateaCh plce
&hee Gh electonwad phasen
bfore movin9 to the(onducdfon
band.TK? vcanty ls called ho le a

Tatstntc Semicondot fo
Pure emconducto
SPmSfml Con ductox e 4 hole
both cond494u +e CUAents
De hh= n? intaind Con
no. of
holf< Pntairstc (haage
e cAae dent
Ene Tem
boltzmann ons
ExtafnfcSemicordvetos

Tnpuae senicondue to(y dopir)

e) ntnkeSenYconductox-
Pentavalet Tmpusy f< adda
(.Gaoup 1S emen e
Nott -Sth ValenCe e
of imputy odom
aequies Pttle ere
enestM Doros

01 y in ie OoS ev irs?) ato

 ESTIMATTE /CoRds
Ho leove S atom a n d

1-tDor
e VaterCP
and

nen= n e Majosity
oleg mroft Casafeas
)P-+8pe emconducto-
Hvelet mpusity added.
C >oup 13 element) fee
hole

Conducton
bond

Vulence } AcceptoS
ACCepto
band o
ne
holes madoltu CasieaJ
elecdon minoatty Canafes
 P- juntton Di od Deple+on
a
Deple 4ton Layes
Ston dPEfvzfon ++
ofmajo»ty ckag P T A
Canie4
Fo
goscd ioing
4ve dernial of batfejP-Segi
-ve tesmiral connected to e f
ote Que toMoleatea electaon
aPpied teld hole
move to waads JUnctfon
alko e move$ VV
a dfaRoppo t e to elenafcf°e ld)

Tn fooad biasing idA

othe deple+ion egion decsPases
SoJundPon dfode of sess a Lo
fon h e cuaaent +o
hestta ne
flo afoauaad bla
CUanent w ) be in
Ttln m A
Lou Rectane
EfecYve valr
Knee VeHoeV ofPa1entfa
heshold Voltga V-Vg
 00
ESTIMATE
Revese ainq

P-egion -ve naegfon+Ue

DepletYon heye incsease

4fuson cuent OPil be n AA

Cfective Nalue of poten 1: V+Va
HP ResistantP
eakdown VolHecp
Vol Hoqp
V
p Avclance baklan

I ( HA
bde a a Rec4es
Y (onve u9hich
A ecHfea devce
nds
voHa9
an l4es nutYn9 Cuaent (oa
CUAPntloa Vek
a daec+ UAdPaecd¥orm)
I DAIDIT CEMENT PRIMER
 Ma lf Wave Rec4Re
dtode A
OU+p+
AC9npu+
voltage
A.
T+paodoce CUAPA oalh in hel
cle
ful Wave Rect¬fea,
TnAAA

Cusen+ 3odutedN frn Complete ycle

Zene ode-as peal dfole uskYed

beaKdou9A,
oth P-Sde 4nstde a heouy
doped
sed a a Voltage Reyulaton
o Volage Stoab?linea
VnTR+V2 A
T-I2t L
 ESTIMATE
T-V2
R=ViVz
T2
Opt oelecd>ork oites
ED (Yght entNhg dlode)
doped dex +o
On uad. biasir,
Meav
Dode P máde up fgal10 m
pho&phtde (GaP) 7 Iun Gsenic(aA
gaIn-ayaok hospkide (Ca As P)
Photodlode -

T A $pecia YPe o photo detecto

v6d fo dedecing o pttal signals
T Aee bfoeed
photodode
Conduc}utty_of p-n June4fon
fCafaea w fo te a 4e n fnteniy
O Jgr filhg or + (oaen
rWhen
o ne g t t o o n pn dPode ,ceta9n
ex Ccle CdKCua,sent.w

CMCNT DDIAACD
sed T a aeadîras of puncheand
4 tapee
b)Tn photodedecalon fon optBeal gnal
) Utd a 6Ungle, gla,Am, n
aenodule+fon ooptl
baced pinctprl
on paincip
SoSolan Cel
Photovoltafc atfe.
Vo V
TsSko+ CEruttcuaaent
VoOp Rn (acur+ Voltan
o-le T-V ChasattenigiN of qr
D ?
FoAWed biased

Cot V

JUnHTon dlo de
T a P-
Change fn te m pe duae doe+o
f e c t 1 the ovenG1
heatng
éAfc+ick ofp-n
yT ckasacd
Junctfon
TRANSISTOR

St2eC>E>B Efta Base tollectea

DopingE>CB
 ESTIMATE Co.
Commen-Emittea Contuaqt Pon

ce
Trpu Nee Oupt
AC
Seg Sin)
1TnmA)
( a) Knég Volag
Vlov
Vce1

Saturoon
Reg1en TSoAA
-Ta=25
Bose-tHe V8¬
voltag Callecta - e m l i Hea

vo 1tage
Acte Regioncut-osf a«gYon
sed fo
Cmpl94ca1fon VeeVec
Puapos
APAesr
Ta cu of e gto n both B(
- C eanînaS fFoh.s u4o3,S
Ae eveale biastd.
olotUAoAfOn Seionbo th E-
-C teaminals aae 0Naad

Tn ac+ue aegfon, E-6 4ex minol

o wand biased 4 -C
teairels am euese - bastd.

Ra

Vce-VIRL
ACVoltegGoin (A)
A-ATcxRout = AJ xKou
Rout
AT R
R? AB
A e( AY x 3esistarce gon)
B-Cuwt gein (Ac) *n (ommen-eni-tanenp
CUaent gin(AC) Yn Common- bode ampea
 ESTIMATE
AC Power Goin
AC (USsP} gein
AC Vol4oge goin
AG PoenP(A)Au
e(C) x (A)x sasiata
Poea8 (A)x Reisanee aain)
Taansconductante (9m) Ont+
AT

RR
ote-Tke out pu4 yoltoge sigro)
8 0 ov4+ 0t phase oth
the Prpu+ Voltag signo Tn
the Common-enmte ampliffe ,
V o Vo Itage Aafn of an amp19ffea
94 in4P4 ordtant+ and then
decaeasew} he fheque ry te
na FNAMFL PAINT CEMENT PRIMER
kogc Geles
A Y=
T Cete -

OR a q t e A
Y-A+B
AND Cae D
NoR Gatf A -
Y-A+B
e9A19DGate =AB
XOR Cote
Y AB)
Y Ar3+ A G)
opertter ) A+ )A-A=Fo
At A6 A+8