Republic of the Philippines

CENTRAL BICOL STATE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE

Impig, Sipocot, Camarines Sur 4408
Website: www.cbsua.edu.ph
Email Address:
Trunkline: (054) 881-6681

DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN EDUC 10D – Science 10

School CBSUA - Sipocot Year Level 4th year, 4A

Teacher Jerico A. Prado Learning Area Chemistry – G10

Teaching Dates and Time February 13, 2023 Quarter 3rd Quarter

I. CONTENT STANDARD
The learners demonstrate an understanding of:
1. The information stored in DNA as being used to make proteins

II. LEARNING COMPETNENCY

1. Explain how protein is made using information from DNA (S10LT-IIId-37)

III. LEARNING OBJECTIVES

At the end of the 40 minutes lesson, at least 85% of the grade 10 students should be able
to:
a. Explain protein synthesis;
b. Illustrate the procedures of protein synthesis through a concept map; and
c. Cite the importance of protein in the human body.

IV.SUBJECT MATTER
A. Topic: Protein Synthesis
B. References:
a. Baguio, S. et al., (2015) Breaking through science 10. C & E Publishing, Inc. 839
EDSA, South Triangle, Quezon city
b. Khan Academy. RNA and protein synthesis review (Article). Retrieved From:
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-biology/hs-molecular-genetics/hs-
rna-and-protein-synthesis/a/hs-rna-and-protein-synthesis-review
C. Instructional Materials:
a. Paper and pen
b. Protein synthesis video material; https://youtu.be/gG7uCskUOrA
c. Power point presentation and Laptop
D. Learning Activities:
a. “Classify It”
b. “Translate Me!”
E. Skills to Develop: Listening, Observing, Communication, Brainstorming, Critical
Thinking, and Reasoning
F. Values Integration: Participation, Communication, Awareness and Appreciation
G. Methodology: 7E’s (Elicit – Engage – Explore – Explain – Elaborate – Evaluation –
Extend)
H. Strategy Applied: Discussion-question approach
III. PROCEDURE

Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

Preliminary Activities (2 min)

1. Greetings
Good morning Class! Good morning Sir!

2. Opening prayer
Everyone! Let us all stand and feel the
presence of our almighty God.

In the name of the Father, and of the Son and In the name of the Father, and of the Son
of the Holy Spirit. Amen and of the Holy Spirit.

Praise be thy name of our lord Jesus Christ Now and forever. Amen
In the name of the Father, and of the Son and In the name of the Father, and of the Son
of the Holy Spirit and of the Holy Spirit

3. Securing of Orderliness
Before taking your seats, please pick up all
the pieces of dirt and arrange your chairs
properly

4. Checking of Attendance
Class beadle is there any absent for today?
Very good! Thank you We don’t have absentees for today Sir.

5. Setting of the Class rules

Before we start our lesson, let us first recall
our class rules.
If someone speaks everybody listen
Okay, Very good!

A. LESSON PROPER

ELICIT (4 min)

Anyone who can give a recap of our previous

discussion? Last meeting Sir we have discussed
about the Nervous system
Correct! Last meeting we have discuss the
nervous system which is an integral part of
our body. And we know that nervous system
are compose of billions of nerve cells
.

To dig in more about it, I have here an

illustration and I want you to describe or tell
something about it.

What have you noticed class to the image

projected?
It involves the nervous system sir,
wherein Proteins are presented.
Exactly! Each billions of nerve cells in the
nervous system are also compose of billions
of proteins. So, does it meant that proteins
serves a significant role to our brain?
Yes Sir, it serves as the foundation for the
growth of our muscles.
Very good! Class you have a good retentions.
Protein is needed by our body not just our
brain but all of its systems enable to replace
and maintain tissues to functions and grow.

ENGAGE (4 min)

To supplement your curiosity I have put

several words, images and phrases under
your chair. And I want you to look whether
you have any under your chair.

What you are going to do is to read and study

the thing that you have got and stick it to the
two classification (For Protein production and
Protein as nutrient from foods) on the board.

Do you get it class?

Yes Sir.

Okay you may now look if the chairs beneath

(The class will look under their chair and
you contain has something on it.
will find the certain word, images or
phrases)
Class you may now classify the thing that
you’ve got unto its corresponding
(The will classify the
classification.
word/images/phrases)

(The Teacher will check if all of the pasted

item are correct)
Class do you find it interesting or confusing? I find it interesting Sir.

Why? Because it allow us sir to classify those

words, images and phrases that are all
just rooted to protein.
Very good observation!
You have seen class that the two
classification are all about protein.

With this,
Why do you think class is the difference
between the two classifications? These two classification sir are different
because, the first classification sir that
contains the uracil, cytosine and etc. are
the one that is important in the production
of protein while the other one is all about
Excellent! the foods that are rich of protein.

These two classification tells and allow us to

identify what are the things that is needed for
the protein to be made, like the nitrogenous
bases cytosine, guanine, thymine and
adenine and the like and of course how our
body broke down those protein sources like
meat to fuel the ribosomes with the amino
acids coming from it.

That is exactly the purpose of this simple

activity. For you to distinguish how protein is
made and how it is broke down into
biomolecules.
Do you have any question class regarding the
simple activity? None, Sir!

Okay to understand more about how those

amino acids from the food that been broke
down by our digestive system towards the
production of protein.

Let’s have another activity regarding the

processes of the protein synthesis.

But before that can someone read the At the end of the lesson, at least 85% of
learning objectives. the students should be able to:
a. Describe what is Protein synthesis
 b. Draw the concept map relating to the
step by step process of how protein
made
c. Cite the importance of protein in the
Thank you! human body

Today, we are going to strengthen those

observation of yours. But before that let have
first an activity. Are you ready class?

EXPLORE (9 min)

So now that we have distinguish the

necessary nitrogenous bases and things to
synthesize protein as well as how our body
broke down the food to allow the amino acids
to be process by the ribosomes and made
protein.
Now, class let’s proceed with our main
activity. Our activity for today is entitled
“Translate Me!”

I have here a 3D illustration of the process of

producing protein. And through this table
(Teacher will paste on the board) involving
the proper pairing of the four nitrogenous
bases in DNA, in which the specific pairs is
[(A) adenine for T (thymine) and G (guanine)
for C (cytosine)].

I also have here the table for naming the

possible amino acids
(Teacher will give a sample for pairing and
naming)

Okay, class who can read the mechanics of 1. The class will be divided into 2 groups
game? 2. Students will pair the 3 nitrogenous
bases in DNA or what we called
codons with its corresponding pairs [(A)
adenine for T (thymine) and G
(guanine) for C (cytosine)].
3. Once it was all paired, the next step is
to name the possible amino acids
using the mRNA codons and the
corresponding amino acids chart which
will be provided by the teacher
 4. Lastly, each group will assign one
representative that will discuss their
output

(The teacher will provide a rubrics and (The teacher will provide a rubrics and
guidelines) please refer to the appendices A guidelines) please refer to the appendices
&B A&B

Thank you!
Okay class you have 5 minutes class to finish
the activity. Do you have any questions
regarding the activity? None Sir!

If there’s none. You may now start class. You

can create and circle and brainstorm with
your group mates, and refrain unnecessary
noise.

EXPLAIN (2 min)

Thank you everyone. How was the activity?
Any comments and Reactions?
Thank you.
How about the others?
Thank you! It was true that the process of
synthesizing protein was complex. And once
the DNA are transcript and splice into single
helix, which is known as?
I actually enjoyed it Sir. I have discovered
that the protein undergoes complex
processes.
It was a bit difficult Sir. But it was fun that
it has a trick of mystery will challenge us
to dig more and find the mystery word.
Ribonucleic acid, Sir.

Correct!
Once the DNA is transcript and splice into a
single helix RNA.
And this model that you class have crafted
involves the important process of translation.

With this activity class,

How can describe the Transcription process? It is the pairing of the nitrogenous bass sir
like, cytosine, guanine, adenine and
Correct! thymine.
These nitrogenous bases are from the DNA
information or code and transcribe to an RNA
type called mRNA to undergo translation to
create a series of amino acids.
ELABORATE (15 min)

Our topic for today class is all about protein

synthesis.

In your own, understanding class

How can you define protein synthesis? Protein synthesis sir is the process of
making protein.
Very good!
And this process nor procedure of creating
protein happens in the nucleus. And the
ribosomes which is responsible for creating
protein are outside the cytoplasm.

Why do you think class is the reason why the

DNA that stores the instructions for protein
synthesis are in the nucleus, but the
ribosomes who creates protein are can be It merely because of the nucleus control
seen outside the nucleus? center of the cell, and maybe the size of
the DNA can also be a factor.
Exactly! Is the size of the DNA, that is too
large to exit the pore of the nucleus which
elongates the process of the protein
synthesis.

To supplement your curiosity I have provided

an illustration concerning how this proteins
are made.

Who can try to explain what does the
illustration means?
Excellent!
This illustration, simplifies the idea on how
the protein was created by the ribosome in
the cytoplasm.
The illustration sir, shows the process of
protein synthesis, wherein the nucleus is
the place where the DNA is located which
is needed for the transcription and
translation of the instructions enable to
create a protein in the cytoplasm through
the ribosome.
Wherein the nucleus same as the library are
composes of a lot of books nor DNA
containing all of the information.

And when there are a lot of information of be

remember, we tend to….what? To take a note, Sir

Correct! And that is what we called

transcription, by copying the information from
DNA in a more smaller mRNA in able to exit
in the small pore of the nucleus.

Because as we all know that the RNA is only

single helix or strand, while the DNA is
composes of how many strand class? DNA Sir, was composes of two strand or
helix.
Exactly! That’s why it cannot penetrate the
nuclear pore due to its size and it needs a
mRNA to transfer the information to the
ribosome outside the nucleus which we called
as translation, enable to produce a
polypeptide or we called as what class? Polypeptide or what we called protein
Sir.
Correct!
Now, let’s take more depth about
transcription. We know that it is the process
of copying information from the DNA and
transmitted by a smaller mRNA.

The question class is. As we mention DNA

and RNA. How can you differentiate these
two class? DNA and RNA Sir, differs primary to their
helix or strand, wherein the DNA has two
Excellent! The main difference it the number strand while the RNA contains only one.
of its strand but, even the nitrogenous bases
such as the adenine, thymine, cytosine and
guanine indicates the sizes of this two,
wherein the absence of the thymine in the
RNA upon the translation, makes the RNA
more smaller than the DNA.

Let’s go now step in the Transcription. First is

the initiation. Who can read the first step (The Student will raise their hands and
class? will read the first step)

Thank you! Initiation is simply the beginning

of the process wherein the RNA polymerase
unzip the DNA as the beginning of the protein
synthesis process.

The second step is the elongation. Who can

read this step and try to explain what have (The students will raise their hands).
you understand. For me Sir, this step talks about the
addition of the RNA nucleotides to the
Correct! Elongation is just another word for strand.
extending or to make it longer through the
attachment of the RNA but the thymine was
replaced by the uracil as we are talking about
the RNA.

Can you read the last step for transcription? (The student will read the last step for the
transcription)
Thank you! Lastly, the termination is the step
were the mRNA detaches to the strand and
leaves the nucleus.

Do you have any questions class? None, Sir

Okay. Thank you! With that let’s proceed with
the translation.

In translation it is just all about the pairing of

the nitrogenous bases with the consideration
of its codon or a three nitrogenous bases.
Remember in the previous slides that the pair
of adenine is uracil, and the thymine is
adenine, while for the guanine is cytosine.

So, for example the DNA template A T A,

what must be its pair? It pair must be U A U, Sir

Correct! And that three is what we called

codon which is equal to a one amino acid

Next is the step in translating the attached I have noticed Sir, that the genetics needs
mRNA in the ribosome as the first step. the role of protein in DNA crafted protein
through the role of the ribosomes.

Who can read and explain the second step? (Student will read the second step) in this
step Sir, the mRNA assembles the amino
Correct! acids.
In the second step mRNA are bonded to
create a polypeptide or a chain of amino
acids which may lead to the last step which is
the creation of protein.
 VALUES INTEGRATION

Do you any questions and clarifications

class? None Sir.

Okay so before we proceed with our last

activity. What do you think class is the
importance of protein in our body or in the
living organism as a whole? For me Sir, protein is vital to the existence
of the organisms as it allow the replication
and growth of the tissues putting wide
Excellent! Every cell in the human body impact to our body.
contains protein. We as a living organism
needs protein to help our body to repair cells
and make new ones, for the growth and
development.

And in the activity you class, are the one who

crafted the process of making protein, you
can be considered as the part of a cell called
as? Ribosome, Sir.

Correct! That’s why thus activity teaches us,

that we have the control and the responsibility
to take care our body, just like the protein to
sustain and maintain our muscles nor life as a
whole.

EVALUATE (3 min)

For the evaluation please refer to the

Appendix C

EXTEND (1 min)

For the extend part please refer to the

Appendix D

Prepared by:

JERICO A. PRADO
BSED 4A – SCIENCE
 APPENDIX A

“Translate Me! Activity”

Guidelines:

1. The class will be divided into 2 groups

2. Students will pair the 3 nitrogenous bases in DNA or what we called codons with its
corresponding pairs [(A) adenine for T (thymine) and G (guanine) for C (cytosine)].
3. Once it was all paired, the next step is to name the possible amino acids using the
mRNA codons and the corresponding amino acids chart which will be provided by the
teacher
4. Lastly, each group will assign one representative that will discuss their output

Guide questions:

1. What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

2. Explain what does each ball-like that you lastly put, represents?
3. Why it is important to have protein in human body?
 APPENDIX B

Rubrics of the Activity

CATEGORY 3 points 2 points 1 points

Routinely provides Usually provides useful Sometimes provides

useful ideas when ideas when useful ideas when
Contributions participating in the participating in the participating in the
group discussion. group discussion. group discussion.

Consistently focused Focuses to the tasked Focuses to the tasked

Focus on the to the tasked and and what must be done and what must be
task what must be done. most of the time. done some of the
time.
Provides work of the Provides work of the Provides work that
highest quality. Work highest quality. Some needs to be checked
Quality of
is checked and small errors that do not by the other group
work
corrected for interfere with the mates to ensure
mistakes. meaning. quality.
Always listens to, Usually listens to, often listens to, share
Working with share with and share with and with and supports the
others supports the efforts of supports the efforts of efforts of the others.
the others. the others.
 APPENDIX C

EVALUATION ACTIVITY

Answer the following questions:

I. IDENTIFICATION
Directions: identify what is being asked in each item.
________ 1. Process in which individual cells construct proteins.
_________ 2. Polymer composed do amino acids linked by peptide bonds; folds into a
particular structure depending on bonds between amino acids.
_________ 3. Molecule that stores genetic information in all organisms
_________ 4. Form of RNA that carries genetic information from the nucleus to the
cytoplasm, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis.
_________ 5. Form of RNA that brings amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis.
_________ 6. Organelle that links amino acids together to form protein.
_________ 7. Sequence of three nucleotides that codes for one amino acids.
_________ 8. Process of copying a nucleotides sequence of DNA to form a complementary of
mRNA.
_________ 9. Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced.
_________ 10. Process by which DNA is copied.

II. SUPPLEMENTING
Directions: Complete the concept map on protein synthesis. Choose your answer from the
word/s below:

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) Transcription Translation

RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) Protein Replication

16. ________ 13. ________ 15. ________

_ _ _

11. ________ 12. ________

_ _

14. ________
_

III. ESSAY

17 – 20. Cite a scenario/situation where the process of the protein synthesis is shown or
can be seen. (A real life application or a process that been taking place into our system).
 APPENDIX D

ASSIGNMENT

Direction: Search and explain the following. Be precise and coherent in writing your
thoughts. 5pt each

General format: A4 size bond paper, 12 font size, Arial, 1.5 spacing, 1 inch margin all
Sides

A. Part I
1. What is exception to the Central Dogma. Explain its process?
2. What is the importance of replication in the process of protein synthesis according
to the central dogma of molecular biology?

B. Part II
Discuss the structural mutation and its four types.

(You can browse the “Breaking through Science 10” book for reference)

Reference: Baguio, S. et al., (2015) Breaking through science 10. C & E Publishing, Inc.
839 EDSA, South Triangle, Quezon City.