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Ohsf< JH IFKB_WH, _.H., jb prbstÿ sbrvdodfs pfr uk tfthj gb X.??>,111.11, dkojuybkgf bj D^H, hj Ofjbedf
_HESHGF OFSH\ßK, qudbk efzh gb bxbkodÿk
bxbkodÿk gbj D^H. Bj Ofjbedf bk ofksboubkodh jb bktrbeÿ jh of
ofksthkodh
ksthkodh
rbspbotdvh.
Jh phrtdgh phrh rbedstrhr gdoih trhkshoodÿk bs jh sdeudbktb<
Ohsf< JH IFKB_WH, _.H., dksordth of`f pbqubøf ofktrdcuybktb, jb prbstÿ sbrvdodfs pfr uk tfthj gb
X.??,>11.11, hj Ofjbedf _HESHGF OFSH\ßK,
OFSH\ßK, qudbk efzh gb bxbkodÿk gbj D^H. Bj Ofjbedf ofk chsb bk bj
hrtàoujf 8? gbj Sbejh`bktf gb jh Jby gbj D^H, kf bxtbkgdÿ ofksthkodh gb bxbkodÿk, bk ofksboubkodh pheÿ bj
`fktf tfthj gb jh nhoturh.
Jh phrtdgh phrh rbedstrhr gdoih trhkshoodÿk bs jh sdeudbktb<
8
Qfr bj vhjfr gb jh ofksthkodh gb bxbkodÿk. Qubgb utdjdzhr th th`cdäk
`cdäk ouhjqudbr ftrf ofkobpt
ofkobptff of`f D^H Ofksthkodh
Ofksthkodhss gb
Bxbkodÿk, bto., gb tfgfs `fgfs bj bnbotf
b nbotf hj jdqudghr bj D^H, bs bj `ds`f.
3 Chsb jbehj< Hrtàoujf 82 gbj Sbejh`bktf gb jh Jby gbj D^H.
Gbrboifs Sbsbrvhgfs Obktrf Rkdvbrsdthrdf gb Frdbktb gb jh Rkdvbrsdghg gb _hk Ohrjfs gb Euhtb`hjh= Ndkoh Bj \hpftdjjf, \fkh 2,
odughg gb Oidqud`ujh, Oidqud`ujh, Euhtb`hjh, O.H.
• Of`prh bk bnbotdvf ukh of`puthgfrh phrh jh pjhkth gfkgb rbhjdzh su prfobsf prfguotdvf pfr jh
su`h gb X.81,191.11. _u prfvbbgfr qub
qub jb vbkgb gdoif cdbk jb dknfr`h qub gbcb
gbcb bnbotuhr jh
rbtbkodÿk gbj D_S.
• Qheÿ jfs sbrvdodfs pfr njbtbs y hohrrbfs gb
gb `brohgbràh pfr X.3,371.11. _u prfvbbgfr jb dknfr`ÿ qub
qub
rbhjdzh phefs trd`bstrhjbs gbj D_S.
• Khodfkhjdzÿ d`pfrthodfkbs gb `htbrdh prd`h, qub rbhjdzÿ hj orägdtf, pfr uk vhjfr ODN gb X.>1,111.11,
pheÿ GHD pfr X.?,111.11, ofk uk rbohref bk jh pÿjdzh pfr `ujths gb X.8,311.11, b D^H pfr X.5,517.11.
Bj hsdbktf ofkthcjb sbràh bj sdeudbktb<
Ohsf< JH IFKB_WH, _.H., bs prfpdbthrdh gb uk vbiàoujf `fgbjf 311Y-?, ouyfs rbedstrfs ofkthcjbs rbnjblhk uk
ofstf gb hgqudsdodÿk gb X.352,111.11 y ukh gbprbodhodÿk
gbprbodhodÿk hou`ujhgh gb X.22,111.11. Bj gàh gb ify sb gbodgb
vbkgbrjf hj ofkthgf pfr jh su`h gb X.321,111.11, sdk dkojudr bj D^H.
Bj hsdbktf ofkthcjb sbràh bj sdeudbktb<
Kf sb rbedstrh bj D^H, pfrqub gb ofknfr`dghg ofk jf dkgdohgf hrrdch, bj d`pubstf sb phehrè sdb`prb bk bnbotdvf pfr
bj hgqudrdbktb.
?
Ehstf kf gbguodcjb.
EDJGHSGF ERHGHJRQB HSSDFJH @HDSÄK 3
Bk bj ohsf gb jhs KFWH_ GB GBCDWF, sd kf sb rbedstrhk gbktrf gb jfs gfs `bsbs yh dkgdohgfs, bj ofktrdcuybktb (BJ
OF@QSHGFS) kf tbkgrè gbrboif hj rbofkfod`dbktf gbj orägdtf ndsohj ofrrbspfkgdbktb.
Ouhkgf jh `fgdndohodÿk gb jh nhoturh sb ihob nubrh gb jfs gfs `bsbs, sbeük OSDWBSDF HG@DKD_WSHWD^F gb jh
_HW, gbcbrè sfjdodthrsb jh hutfrdzhodÿk gb Kfths gb Orägdtf (f hcfkf) bspbodhjbs, bk jhs ouhjbs kf sb ohrehrè D^H
7
hjeukf. Hotuhj`bktb, yh sb bkoubktrh rbeujhgf bstb hspbotf bk bj üjtd`f pèrrhnf gbj hrtàoujf ?8 gbj Sbejh`bktf gb
jh Jby gbj D^H, of`f KFWH GB HCFKF, qub th`cdäk sb utdjdzh phrh jfs bnbotfs gb jf qub bsthcjbob bj hrtàoujf 23 ‚H‐
gb jh Jby.
7.8 OFKWHCDJD\HODßK
OFKWHCDJD\HODßK GBKWSF GBJ QJH\F GB GF_ @B_B_
• ^bkth gb `brohgbràhs hj orägdtf pfr X.8,831.11, dkojuybkgf bj D^H, b`dtdbkgf jh nhoturh rbspbotdvh.
• Rk `bs gbspuäs b`dtb ukh Kfth gb Orägdtf pfr jh gbvfjuodÿk gb jh `brohgbràh.
Bj prd`br hsdbktf ofkthcjb sbràh bj sdeudbktb<
7
OSDWBSDF
gb HG@DKD_WSHWD^F<
fpbrhodfkbs Sbspbotf
nhoturhghs, ouhkgf h jh b`dsdÿk
jhs nhoturhs qub gb
jbs kfths gb hcfkf
gdf frdebk phrhgb
bxobghk gfou`bkthr
gfs `bsbsjhs
gb `fgdndohodfkbs f ohkobjhodfkbs
b`dtdghs. Ordtbrdf< Gbrdvhgf gb
jh rbnfr`h hj hrtàoujf 85 gb jh Jby gbj D`pubstf hj ^hjfr Herbehgf, pfr bj hrtàoujf 71 gbj Gborbtf kü`brf 31-311> gbj
Ofkerbsf gb jh Sbpücjdoh, kf pubgb b`dtdrsb Kfths gb Orägdtf gbspuäs gb gfs `bsbs, ofkthgfs h phrtdr gb jh nboih bk qub
nub b`dtdgh jh nhoturh qub sbrè `fgdndohgh f ohkobjhgh= pfr jf thktf, jfs ofktrdcuybktbs pfgrèk b`dtdr Kfths gb Hcfkf,
prbvdh hutfrdzhodÿk gb jh Hg`dkdstrhodÿk Wrdcuthrdh, bxojusdvh`bktb phrh gfou`bkthr jhs `fgdndohodfkbs f ohkobjhodfkbs gb
fpbrhodfkbs nhoturhghs, ouhkgf jhs nhoturhs qub jbs gdf frdebk bxobghk gb gfs `bsbs gb b`dtdghs. Bk gdoihs KFWH_ GB
HCFKF gbcbrè ofksdekhrsb bj kü`brf y jh nboih gb jh nhoturh pfr jh ouhj sb b`dtb y gbcbk ofktbkbr, of`f `àkd`f, jfs
rbqudsdtfs sdeudbktbs< h) Dgbktdndohodÿk
Dgbktdndohodÿk gbj gfou`bktf< KFWH GB HCFKF, c) Jfs rbqudsdtfs gbj ku`brhj 3 hj 4 dkgdohgfs bk bj
hrtàoujf ?3 gbj Houbrgf Eucbrkhtdvf kü`brf 737-311>, -hotuhj`bktb hrtàoujf ?8 gbj Sbejh`bktf- o) @ftdvf gb jh b`dsdÿk,
g) ^hjfr gbj hcfkf sdk dkojudr bj D^H, y b) Jh jbybkgh d`prbsh ‚KF DKOJRTB D@QRB_WF HJ ^HJFS HESBEHGF, QFS BYOBGBS
GB GF_ @B_B_ JH NHOWRSH XRB JB GDF FSDEBK‐.
Bstb ordtbrdf bs gdsoutdcjb, pubs ouhkgf sb b`dtb ukh KFWH GB OSÄGDWF, phrh bj vbkgbgfr, rbsujth bk ukh `fgdndohodÿk hj
GBCDWF ND_OHJ, `hs kf, gbj OSÄGDWF
OSÄGDWF ND_OHJ, qub bs jf qub kfr`h bj hrtàoujf 85 gb
gb jh JD^H. Bk tfgf ohsf, jh rbstrdoodÿk bs
h jh `fgdndohodÿk gbj OSÄGDWF ND_OHJ, bk bj ohsf gbj OF@QSHGFS, ouhkgf bj vbkgbgfr b`dtb ukh KFWH GB GÄCDWF, jubef
gb gfs `bsbs, bs gbodr, qub sbràh bk bsth odrouksthkodh qub kf prfobgbràh rbedstrhr bj OSÄGDWF ND_OHJ.
Kf fcsthktb, bk bj üjtd`f pèrrhnf gbj hrtàoujf 31 gbj Sbejh`bktf gb jh Jby gbj D^H, ih trhthgf gb supjdrsb jh gbndodbkodh bk
jh jby,
gb trhthkgf
jh Jby gb jd`dthr
sb rbndbrb f kbutrhjdzhr hj
h jh `fgdndohodÿk jh orägdtf
rbguoodÿk gbj GBCDWF
ndsohj, ND_OHJh qub
pbrf kukoh, pubgb ihobrgbj
jh `fgdndohodÿk bj vbkgbgfr, yh qub
gäcdtf ndsohj, bj hrtàoujf
oubstdÿk 85
qub uk
Sbejh`bktf KF pubgb ofrrbedr, pubs vdfjhràh bj prdkodpdf gb jbehjdghg gb prbnbrbkodh gb jby (Hrtàoujf 3?4 gb jh OQSE) y bj
hrtàoujf 2 gbj Oÿgdef Wrdcuthrdf.
7.3 OFKWHCDJD\HODßK
OFKWHCDJD\HODßK NRBSH GBJ QJH\F GB GF_ @B_B_
• ^bkth gb `brohgbràhs hj orägdtf pfr X.8,831.11, dkojuybkgf bj D^H, b`dtdbkgf jh nhoturh rbspbotdvh.
• Wrbs `bsbs gbspuäs b`dtb ukh Kfth gb Orägdtf Bspbodhj (KFWH GB HCFKF), pfr jh gbvfjuodÿk gb jh
`brohgbràh, bk ofksboubkodh kf sb ohreh bj D^H.
Bj prd`br hsdbktf ofkthcjb sbràh bj sdeudbktb<
2
Hukqub kf dkojuyh bj D^H jh Kfth gb Hcfkf. _d sb rbedstrh ükdoh`bktb bj vhjfr gb jh Kfth gb Hcfkf (_dk D^H), qubghràh uk
shjgf gb oubkths pfr Ofcrhr pfr X.831.11. Kf fcsthktb, ohcb hojhrhr qub bstb sbràh bj rbedstrf gb houbrgf ofk bj ordtbrdf gb
jh _HW. Bk kubstrh fpdkdÿk, bk juehr gb ofksdg
ofksdgbrhrsb
brhrsb bj D^H OF_WF, gbcbràh th`cdäk gbcdthrsb
gbcdthrsb jh oubkth gb D^H Gäcdtf
Ndsohj, ghgf qub ukh kfr`h rbejh`bkthrdh, kf pubgb oucrdr jh dksundodbkodh gb jh jby pfr hkhjfeàh (Hrt. 2 gbj Oÿgdef
Wrdcuthrdf). Gb houbrgf ofk bj üjtd`f pèrrhnf gbj hrtàoujf ?8 gbj Sbejh`bktf, jh KFWH GB HCFKF, pubgb ihobr jhs vbobs
gb ukh KFWH GB OSÄGDWF f ukh KFWH GB GÄCDWF, oubstdÿk gdsoutdcjb, pubs gbsgb bj puktf gb vdsth ofkthcjb, ukh kfth gb
hcfkf bs bqudvhjbktb h ukh kfth gb orägdtf, pbrf kf, gb ukh kfth gb gäcdtf.
gäcdtf.
• ^bkth gb `brohgbràhs hj orägdtf pfr X.8,831.11, dkojuybkgf bj D^H, b`dtdbkgf jh nhoturh rbspbotdvh.
> Bk kubstrh fpdkdÿk bj D^H Orägdtf Ndsohj gbj of`prhgfr gbcb sbr bxtfrkhgf, pubs kf pubgb hprfvboihr uk orägdtf gb ukh
of`prh, qub prèotdoh`bktb nub hkujhgh.
hkujhgh. _d bj D^H Orägdtf Ndsohj kf sb of`p
of`pbksh,
bksh, bktfkobs gbcbràh g
gb
b hcfkhrsb h ukh
oubkth gb FWSF_ DKESB_F_. _b rbof`dbkgh hkhjdzhr bj ohsf ohsf,, ofksdgbrhkgf qub jh bktdghg ükdoh`bktb rbhjdzÿ
rbhjdzÿ bsh
fpbrhodÿk.
Bs uk prdkodpdf cèsdof gb ofkthcdjdghg (BKWDGHG), hqubj qub pfstujh jh dgbktdndohodÿk gb jh bktdghg bofkÿ`doh (h jh
qub th`cdäk sb jb jjh`h b`prbsh) of`f bktb dkgbpbkgdbktb bk su ofkthcdjdghg, thktf gb sus hoodfkdsths f
prfpdbthrdfs, gb sus horbbgfrbs f gbugfrbs, of`f gb ftrhs bktdghgbs (f b`prbshs). Bstf d`pjdoh qub hj tbkbr jh
bktdghg sus prfpdfs rboursfs y sus prfpdhs fcjdehodfkbs, jfs rboursfs of`f dk`ubcjbs, vbiàoujfs y ftrhs dkvbrsdfkbs
gb jfs hoodfkdsths f prfpdbthrdfs, hsà of`f sus ehstfs pbrsfkhjbs, gbcbrèk `hktbkbrsb nubrh gb jfs rbedstrfs gb jh
bktdghg.
sbh Bk ofksboubkodh,
prfguodgf ouhkgf phrh
pfr ästh f hgqudrdgf uk prfpdbthrdf rbtdrh
su rbvbkth, uk cdbk gb
bk tär`dkfs jh bktdghg
ofkthcjbs, f ukdghg
th`cdäk bofkÿ`doh
rbsujth sbr ukhb`prbshrdhj, yh
fpbrhodÿk ofk
tbrobrfs, y hsà gbcb rbedstrhrsb.
Bk bsb sbktdgf, bj dkodsf >) gbj hrtàoujf ? gb jh JD^H, rbeujh qub< bj d`pubstf bs ebkbrhgf pfr<…..>) Jfs rbtdrfs gb
cdbkbs `ubcjbs bnbotuhgfs pfr uk ofktrdcuybktb f pfr bj prfpdbthrdf, sfodfs, gdrbotfrbs f b`pjbhgfs gb jh rbspbotdvh
b`prbsh phrh su usf f ofksu`f pbrsfkhj f gb su nh`djdh , yh sbhk gb su prfpdh prfguoodÿk f of`prhgfs phrh jh
rbvbkth, f jh hutfprbsthodÿk gb sbrvdodfs, ouhjqudbrh qub sbh jh khturhjbzh luràgdoh gb jh b`prbsh.
• _u usf pbrsfkhj< Bs gbodr, qub sd bj ofktrdcuybktb prfguob oh`dshs, tf`b ukh oh`dsh phrh su usf
pbrsfkhj=
• _u ofksu`f pbrsfkhj< Bs gbodr, qub sd prfguob phk, rbtdrb phrtb gb ästb phrh hjd`bkthrsb äj=
• Rsf f ofksu`f gb su nh`djdh .
Jh hutfprbsthodÿk gb sbrvdodfs, sb gh ouhkgf uk ofktrdcuybktb, pfr blb`pjf, bs prfpdbthrdf gb uk thjjbr `boèkdof, y
su vbiàoujf pbrsfkhj bs rbphrhgf bk su prfpdf thjjbr, f bj ohsf gb uk fgfktÿjfef qub jb bxtrhb jfs gdbktbs h ukf gb
sus idlfs. Gb ghrsb bsths odrouksthkodhs, gdoihs fpbrhodfkbs
fpbrhodfkbs gbcbk rbedstrhrsb of`f ukh vbkth, phrh jfs prfpÿsdtfs
gbj D`pubstf hj ^hjfr Herbehgf.
5
Sboubrgb qub ofknfr`b bj hrtàoujf 85 gb jh JD^H, kf sb jb rbofkfob bj orägdtf ndsohj hj of`prhgfr.
9
Ouhkgf bxdstb bj phef gbj prbodf, sbràh ukh vbkth y kf uk rbtdrf. _dk b`chref, jh _HW, gb houbrgf ofk hjeukfs gfou`bktfs
b`dtdgfs phrh frdbkthr hj ofktrdcuybktb,
ofktrdcuybktb, pfr phrtb gb jh Dktbkgbkodh gb Hsuktfs Luràgdofs,
Luràgdofs, phrbodbrh qub ofknukgb jh ndeurh,
pubs gh jh d`prbsdÿk qub hukqub `bgdb phef pfr phrtb gbj ofktrdcuybktb, sdb`prb ofksdgbrh gdoih fpbrhodÿk of`f
hutfofksu`f.
4
Wujdf Sfsb`cul. Bj D^H T BJ QSFNB_DFKH
QSFNB_DFKHJ.J. (Chrobjfkh < OBHO, 8495), pp
pp.. ??.
81
Dcdg. pp. ?7.
88
@hràh Lujàh _èbkz Chohkhj. ^DD Lfrkhjhghs Khodfkhjbs
Khodfkhjbs gb Gbrboif Wrdcuthrdf< BJ OSÄGDWF ND_OHJ. (Jd`h < Dkstdtutf Qbruhkf
gb Gbrboif Wrdcuthrdf, s.n.), pp. ?28
EDJGHSGF ERHGHJRQB HSSDFJH @HDSÄK >
2.3 HRWFOFK_R@F
HRWFOFK_R@F DKWBSKF (HRWFOFK_R@F D@QSFQDF)
Bj hutfofksu`f dktbrkf f d`prfpdf, sb `hkdndbsth ouhkgf jfs cdbkbs ofkstrudgfs, bxtrhàgfs, trhksnfr`hgfs f
hgqudrdgfs bk bj blbrododf gb ukh hotdvdghg b`prbshrdhj f prfnbsdfkhj gbj sulbtf, sfk
sfk b`pjbhgfs f utdjdzhgfs bk jh
83
`ds`h hotdvdghg, yh of`f `htbrdhjbs f of`f cdbkbs gb dkvbrsdÿk. Qfr blb`pjf, bj nhcrdohktb gb `ubc
`ubcjbs
jbs `btèjdofs
qub rbtdrh gb sus bxdstbkodhs gb hr`hrdfs qub nhcrdoh ukf gb bjjfs phrh ojhsdndohr y hroidvhr sus nhoturhs= uk
of`brodhktb gb of`puthgfrhs qub rbtdrh phrh sus kbobsdghgbs gb fndodkh ukh gb jhs `èqudkhs qub of`prÿ phrh jh
rbvbkth.
_beük kfs dknfr`h jh gfotrdkh, bj hutfofksu`f dktbrkf KF qubgh sulbtf, sd bj b`prbshrdf efzh 8? gb pjbkf gbrboif hj
orägdtf ndsohj, deuhj qub bj qub iucdbrh sfpfrthgf pfr jh of`prh h tbrobrfs gb cdbkbs hkèjfefs.
_dk b`chref, bj hutfofksu`f dktbrkf _D qubgh sulbtf, sd sb prfguob bj oh`cdf gb hnbothodÿk (gbstdkf) gb cdbkbs gbj
phtrd`fkdf b`prbshrdhj gb uk erupf h ftrf gdnbrbkodhgf gb jh hotdvdghg bofkÿ`doh gbj ofktrdcuybktb , ouhkgf jfs
87
rbeà`bkbs gb prfobgbkodh gbj orägdtf ndsohj h gdoifs erupfs sfk gdstdktfs.
Qhrh djustrhr jf bxpubstf bk bj pèrrhnf hktbrdfr, sb pfkb bj blb`pjf gbj ofktrdcuybktb vbkgbgfr gb of`puthgfrhs, qub
bk prdkodpdf of`prh uk jftb gb äsths phrh su rbvbkth, pbrf jubef gbodgb rbtdrhr ukh gb bjjhs phrh utdjdzhrjh bk jhs
fndodkhs gb ofkthcdjdghg.
Gb ofknfr`dghg ofk bj hrtàoujf 8>, hj `f`bktf gb hgqudrdrjhs, sbeurh`bktb rbpfrtÿ bj D^H phehgf of`f orägdtf ndsohj,
pfr ouhktf sb trhthch gb uk dkvbkthrdf. Kf fcsthktb, bj `ds`f hrtàoujf odthgf, bxprbsh qub< bj d`pubstf phehgf pfr
jh hgqudsdodÿk, d`pfrthodÿk f ofkstruoodÿk gb hotdvfs ndlfs, sb rbofkfobrè of`f orägdtf ndsohj ouhkgf jfs `ds`fs
bstäk gdrboth`bktb vdkoujhgfs hj prfobsf gb prfguoodÿk f gb of`brodhjdzhodÿk gb jfs cdbkbs y sbrvdodfs gbj
ofktrdcuybktb. Gb thj subrtb, qub sdbkgf uk cdbk qub sb utdjdzhrè phrh rbhjdzhr thrbhs hg`dkdstrhtdvhs, kf prfobgb bj
orägdtf ndsohj, pfr jf thktf, ihy uk oh`cdf bk jh hnbothodÿk f oh`cdf gb gbstdkhodÿk, y ofksboubktb`bktb
gbcb qubghr sulbth gdoih fpbrhodÿk.
Ohsf< JH IFKB_WH, _.H., bj 8 gb bkbrf gb 311Y, of`prÿ ukh of`puthgfrh phrh su rbvbkth pfr jh ohktdghg gb
X.88,311.11. Jubef, bj 82 gb hefstf gb 311Y, gbodgb rbtdrhr gdoih
gdoih of`puthgfrh, pphrh
hrh sbr utdjdzhgh bk bj
bj
gbphrth`bktf gb ofkthcdjdghg gb jh bktdghg.
Bj hsdbktf pfr jh of`prh gb jh of`puthgfrh nub bj sdeudbktb<
83
Dcdg. pp. ??.
8?
Dcdg. pp. ?7.
87
Dcdg. pp. ?7.
EDJGHSGF ERHGHJRQB HSSDFJH @HDSÄK 5
Bj HRWFOFK_R@F BYWBSKF, bs gbodr, jfs rbtdrfs qub bj prfpdbthrdf f hoodfkdsths ihobk phrh su ofksu`f
pbrsfkhj (pbrsfkhjàsd`f), sd bstè rbeujhgf bk kubstrh jbedsjhodÿk, sdk b`chref, bk kubstrh fpdkdÿk bj hutfofksu`f
dktbrkf, kf bsth jfs sundodbktb`bktb ojhrf of`f thj, of`f sd jf bstè bk ftrhs jbedsjhodfkbs, pfr blb`pjf jh bsphøfjh.
Kf fcsthktb, sd sb bstè gb houbrgf, qub bj oh`cdf gb hnbothodÿk f gbstdkf, gbcb ghr juehr hj rbofkfod`dbktf gbj
Bk kubstrf `bgdf, hjeukhs ndr`hs gb hugdtfrdh, bk jf tfohktb hj trhth`dbktf gbj HRWFOFK_R@F DKWBSKF, bs gbodr
ouhkgf uk ofktrdcuybktb utdjdzh sus prfpdfs cdbkbs bk su hotdvdghg, ofksdgbrhk gfs fpodfkbs f ordtbrdfs<
Bk kubstrh fpdkdÿk, bj prd`br ordtbrdf bs ofrrbotf, sdb`prb y ouhkgf kf ihyh oh`cdf bk jh hnbothodÿk gb uk erupf gb
cdbkbs ofk rbjhodÿk h ftrf. Bstb kf sbràh bj ohsf gb jh of`puthgfrh, qub dkdkdodhj`bktb
dodhj`bktb sb hgqudbrb phrh su rbvbkth
rbvbkth y
jubef sb rbtdrh phrh usf bk jhs fndodkhs hg`dkdstrhtdvhs.
Bk bstb üjtd`f ohsf, jf qub prfobgb, bs sbkodjjh`bktb ofrrbr jh sdeudbktb phrtdgh gb rbojhsdndohodÿk<
Bk ouhktf hj sbeukgf ordtbrdf, bs kubstrh fpdkdÿk, qub jh b`dsdÿk gb jh nhoturh bs dkgdspbkshcjb, sd ihy oh`cdf gb
hnbothodÿk, sfjf phrh rbofkfobr bj gäcdtf ndsohj. _d kf ihy oh`cdf gb hnbothodÿk, kf bxdstb rhzÿk phrh b`dtdr ukh
nhoturh, kd phrh rbofkfobr bj gäcdtf ndsohj y ohpdthjdzhr bj D^H, pubs sb bsthràh GRQJDOHKGF bj bnbotf (gbj D^H).
Hgb`ès sd sb hgqudbrb gb uk tbrobrf, bj orägdtf ndsohj bs prfobgbktb.
Ohsf< JH IFKB_WH, _.H., hutfofksu`b `brohgbràh (phpbjbràh) qub sb hgqudrdÿ phrh su rbvbkth bj 8 gb bkbrf
gb 311Y, ofk uk ofstf gb X.8,111.11 sdk dkojudr bj D^H. Bj 82 gb hefstf gbj gbj `ds`f høf, sb rbtdrh, phrh
utdjdzhrsb bk jhs jhcfrbs hg`dkdstrhtdvhs. Bj ordtbrdf qub utdjdzh bs qub sd sb nhoturh.
Bj hsdbktf ofkthcjb gb jh of`prh dkdodhj nub bj sdeudbktb<
_d gbsgb bj dkdodf, gbodgd`fs qub gdoih phpbjbràh sb utdjdzhrè bk jhs fndodkhs hg`dkdstrhtdvhs, bj hsdbktf iucdbsb sdgf bj
sdeudbktb<
8-18-1Y -x-
Qhpbjbràh y Ütdjbs gb Fndodkh GBCB
8,111.11 IHCBS
D^H Orägdt
Orägdtf
f Ndsohj
Ndsohj 831.11
831.11
Ohlh y Chkofs 8,831.11
v/Sbedstrf of`prh gb phpbjbràh p/usf fndodkhs
_beük Nhoturh Kf. YYYY 8,831.11 8,831.11
Bj ofstf f ehstf h `fstrhr bk bj Bsthgf gbj Sbsujthgf Dktberhj sbràh gb X.8,111.11 y kf gb X.8,831.11, sd sbeud`fs
bsb ordtbrdf. Ofk bj sbeukgf ordtbrdf, bj ofktrdcuybktb hcsfrcb bj D^H (X.831.11), ouhkgf phrh äj gbcbràh tbkbr uk
bnbotf kbutrhj. Qfr bjjf fpdkh`fs, qub jf ofrrbotf bk bstb ohsf, sbrdh sbeudr
sbeudr jh sdeudbktb fpbrhtfrdh.
• Cdbkbs pbrbobgbrfs=
• Ohsf nfrtudtf (suobsf d`prbvdstf b dkbvdthcjb, ohushgfs pfr iboifs gb jh khturhjbzh< dkukghodfkbs,
tbrrb`ftfs, pbstbs, tb`pbsthgbs)=
• Gb nubrzh `hyfr (suobsf d`prbvdstf b dkbvdthcjb, frdedkhgf pfr iboif jàodtf f djàodtf gbj if`crb<
eubrrh, ofhoodÿk `htbrdhj, bto.)= y
• Gbjdtfs ofktrh bj phtrd`fkdf.
82
_deudbkgf bsb sbeukgf ordtbrdf,
ordtbrdf, kf prfobgbrè rbofkfod`dbktf
rbofkfod`dbktf gb orägdtf ndsohj bk jf
jfss ohsfs gb hutfofksu`f.
hutfofksu`f. Bk bsb
sbktdgf, sb dktbrprbth qub bj D^H gbcb ohpdthjdzhrsb. Hkhjdzhr jh `fgdndohodÿk hj prd`br pèrrhnf gbj hrtàoujf 8> gb jh Jby,
dktrfguodgh pfr bj hrtàoujf 823 gbj Gborbtf 81-3183, Jby gb Hotuhjdzhodÿk Wrdcuthrdh.
8>
_b hsu`b jh hpjdohodÿk gbj hrtàoujf 82 gb jh Jby y kf bj hrtàoujf 33 gbj Sbejh`bktf.
85 Bk bstb ohsf, bk bj Bsthgf gb Sbsujthgfs sfjf sb bxpfkb jh su`h gb X.8,111.11 y kf X.8,831.11.
X.8,831.11. Fcvdh`bktb kf ihcrè
hutfnhoturhodÿk.
89
Kf sb trhth gb ukh BYBKODßK, sdkf sbkodjjh`bktb, hj ghrsb jhs ofkgdodfkbs bsthcjbodghs bk jh Jby, qubghk nubrh gb su
è`cdtf, pfr jf thktf, bk bstb ohsf ofkourrb jh ndeurh luràgdoh trdcuthrdh jjh`hgh pfr jh gfotrdkh d`pbrhktb, of`f< KF
_RLBODßK.
EDJGHSGF ERHGHJRQB HSSDFJH @HDSÄK 4
>.8 OFKWHCDJD\HODßK
OFKWHCDJD\HODßK ORHKGF _B OHR_H D^H
Bj bxtrhvàf, rfturh, ghøf, gbsof`pfsdodÿk f gbstruoodÿk, ouhkgf kf sb gbk jhs ohushjbs hktbrdfrbs, sb gbcb rbedstrhr
of`f ukh pärgdgh gb fpbrhodÿk.
Ohsf<JH IFKB_WH, _.H., gurhktb jh vbrdndohodÿk gb su dkvbkthrdf nàsdof, gbtbotÿ uk nhjthktb pfr bxtrhvàf gb
`brohgbràh. Bj ofstf gb jh `brohgbràh bxtrhvdhgh
bxtrhvdhgh bs gb X.8,111.11, sdk dkojudr bj D^H, bk ofksb
ofksboubkodh
oubkodh
prfobgdÿ h b`dtdr jh nhoturh h su nhvfr. _b nhoodfkÿ hoth kfthrdhj.
Bj hsdbktf ofkthcjb sbràh bj sdeudbktb<
82-19-1Y -x-
Qärgdgh pfr Nhjthktb gb Dkvbkthrdfs GBCB
8,111.11 IHCBS
D^H Ofst
Ofstf
f 831.1
831.111
Dk
Dkvb
vbkt
kthr
hrdf
dfss 8,111.
8,111.11
11
D^H Gäcdtf Ndsohj 831.11
v/Sbedstrf nhjthktb gb dkvbkthrdfs ofknfr`b
Hoth Kfthrdhj YYYY y Nhot. YYYY 8,831.11 8,831.11
>.3 OFKWHCDJD\HODßK
OFKWHCDJD\HODßK ORHKGF KF _B OHR_H D^H
Bk jfs ohsfs gb gbjdtf ofktrh bj phtrd`fkdf, ohsfs nfrtudtfs f gb nubrzh `hyfr, sb pubgbk `hkdnbsthr gfs
pfsdcdjdghgbs, gbpbkgdbkgf gb sd jfs dkvbkthrdfs bstèk hsbeurhgfs f kf.
84
Ehstf kf gbguodcjb. OSDWBSDF GBJ GDSBOWFSDF GB _HW< 2.84 Hlustb hj orägdtf ndsohj, pfr hutf-nhoturhodÿk, pfr ouhjqudbrh
gb jfs `ftdvfs qub sbøhjh bj hrtàoujf ?, ku`brhj 5 gb jh Jby gbj D^H. _b nfr`ujÿ, pfrqub jh ofktrdcuybktb, hutf-nhoturÿ bj
vhjfr gb jh rfturh gbj bkvhsb, sunrdgh bk bj prfobsf prfguotdvf. Jfs rbedstrfs ofkthcjbs bvdgbkodhk qub bj d`pubstf ebkbrhgf
pfr gdoih rfturh nub fpbrhgf y gbojhrhgf of`f orägdtf ndsohj y, h jh vbz, of`f gäcdtf ndsohj= jf ouhj nub ofkndr`hgf hj
bnbotuhr jh rbvdsdÿk h jfs jdcrfs gb Of`prhs y _brvdodfs Hgqudrdgfs y ^bkths y _brvdodfs Qrbsthgfs, ohushkgf uk bnbotf obrf
bk gdoih fpbrhodÿk. Chsb jbehj hrtàoujfs< 8= 3= ?, 5)= 7, >)= 81= 8?, 7)= 87 y 8> gbj Gborbtf 35-43 gbj Ofkerbsf gb jh
Sbpücjdoh y sus rbnfr`hs. Jh ofktrdcuybktb, ofksdgbrh of`f gäcdtf y orägdtf jh fpbrhodÿk pfr jh b`dsdÿk gb jh nhoturh= y,
qub bk kdkeük `f`bktf sb gupjdoh bj orägdtf, yh qub jh odthgh jby, bk sus hrtàoujfs 87 y 82, rbofkfob qub bj gäcdtf ndsohj bs
jh su`h gbj d`pubstf ohrehgf pfr bj ofktrdcuybktb bk jhs fpbrhodfkbs hnboths y bj orägdtf ndsohj bs jh su`h gbj d`pubstf
ohrehgf hj ofktrdcuybktb bk jhs fpbrhodfkbs hnboths rbhjdzhghs gurhktb bj `ds`f pbràfgf= y, qub kf bstè gb houbrgf ofk jh
Hg`dkdstrhodÿk Wrdcuthrdh, yh qub kf sb rbofkfob of`f orägdtf jh hutf-nhoturhodÿk qub rbhjdzh phrh ghr ou`pjd`dbktf hj
hrtàoujf ? ku`brhj 5 gb jh jby gbj D^H, sdk tbkbr bk oubkth jf qub sbøhjh bj hrtàoujf 8> gb jh `ds`h jby, phrh tbkbr gbrboif hj
orägdtf ndsohj. OSDWBSDF< _b ofkndr`ÿ bj hlustb, pfrqub jh fpbrhodÿk rbhjdzhgh, gb of`pbkshr bj orägdtf ofk bj gäcdtf ndsohj,
frdedkhgh pfr jh hutf-nhoturhodÿk bs d`prfobgbktb, yh qub ukh vbz gbojhrÿ y of`pbksÿ bj orägdtf ndsohj gb jh of`prh, bk bj
`bs prbtbkgb
qub qub hgqudrdÿ jfs jh
hkujhr cdbkbs, hj of`pbkshrjf
ofktrdcuybktb, pfr sbeukgh
hj rbedstrhr vbz, sbbjbvdgbkodh
y of`pbkshr gäcdtf h pbrludodf hj ndsof.
jh vbz of`f Bj iboif
orägdtf, ebkbrhgfr
sb tdpdndoh, gbj ohsf
bk bstb D^H,
phrtdoujhr, bk bj hrtàoujf ?, ku`brhj 5) gbj Gborbtf 35-43 gbj Ofkerbsf gb jh Sbpücjdoh, qub sb of`pjb`bkth ofk jf qub
prbobptüh bj hrtàoujf 7 gbj `ds`f oubrpf jbehj.
31
Kf bs vbkth.
38
Sboubrgb qub kf bs ukh vbkth.
EDJGHSGF ERHGHJRQB HSSDFJH @HDSÄK 81
Jhs `br`hs, bvhpfrhodfkbs f gbsidgrhthodfkbs y ftrhs ohushs khturhjbs, sb fpbrhk ofkthcjb`bktb of`f phrtb gbj
ofstf gb prfguoodÿk f ofstf gb vbkths, sd sb jjbvh uk _dstb`h gb Ofktrfj gb Dkvbkthrdfs Qbrpbtuf, ofkfodgf
th`cdäk of`f _D_WB@H HG@DKD_WSHWD^F bk ofktrhpfsdodÿk ofk bj _dstb`h gb Ofktrfj gb Dkvbkthrdfs Qbrdÿgdof f
_D_WB@H B_QBORJHWD^F.
Ohsf< JH IFKB_WH, _.H., gbtbotÿ ukh `br`h pfr ohushs khturhjbs gb `brohgbràhs (ohrkbs), qub rbprbsbkth
uk ofstf sdk D^H gb X.8,111.11. Qhrh thj prfpÿsdtf sb fctuvf bbjj gdoth`bk rbspbotdvf gb uk \fftbokdsth,
\fftbokdsth, qub
sb hof`phøhrh h jh Gbojhrhodÿk Lurhgh Hkuhj gbj D`pubstf _fcrb jh Sbkth. Hj rbspbotf th`cdäk sb b`dtdÿ jh
nhoturh ofrrbspfkgdbktb.
ofrrbspfkgdbktb.
Bj hsdbktf ofkthcjb sbràh bj sdeudbktb<
Ouhkgf bj _dstb`h gb Ofktrfj gb Dkvbkthrdfs sbh pbrdÿgdof (Qfr`bkfrdzhgf), bj rbedstrf sb ihob hj odbrrb gbj blbrododf,
khturhj`bktb pfr gdnbrbkodh.
33
3? Bs uk ehstfqub
gbguodcjb sbeük bj ku`brhj 85 gbj hrtàoujf 31 gb jh Jby gb Hotuhjdzhodÿk Wrdcuthrdh
Wrdcuthrdh..
Sboubrgb kf bs ukh vbkth.
37
Bs uk dkerbsf erhvhgf pfr bj D_S, sbeük bj ku`brhj 85 gbj hrtàoujf 31 gb
gb jh Jby gb Hotuhjdzhodÿk Wrdcuthrdh.
Wrdcuthrdh.
32
Sboubrgb qub kf bs ukh vbkth.
3>
Ehstf gbguodcjb gbj D_S.
35
Kf bs vbkth.
EDJGHSGF ERHGHJRQB HSSDFJH @HDSÄK 88
Ohsf< JH IFKB_WH, _.H., of`f phrtb gb su prf`fodÿk ih gdstrdcudgf `ubstrhs h sus pftbkodhjbs ojdbktbs,
qub tdbkbk uk ofstf gb X.8,111.11, sdk dkojudr bj D^H.
Bj hsdbktf ofkthcjb sbràh bj sdeudbktb<
Ohsf< JH IFKB_WH, _.H., vbkgb hj ofkthgf hj @dkdstbrdf gb Bguohodÿk, `htbrdhjbs y su`dkdstrfs pfr jh
ohktdghg gb X.?21,111.11, vhjfr qub dkojuyb bj D^H. Bk gdoih of`prh bj @dkdstbrdf gb
gb Bguohodÿk, jb b`dtb jh
ofrrbspfkgdbktb ofksthkodh gb rbtbkodÿk, hgdodfkhj`bktb JH IFKB_WH, _.H., ofksdekh bk jh nhoturh qub
ihob phefs trd`bstrhjbs gbj D_S. Bk ofksboubkodh<
Bj prbodf kbtf gb fpbrhodÿk bs X.?83,211.11=
•
39
Kf bs gbguodcjb gbj D_S.
34
_b fpbrh of`f vbkth, pfrqub ihy trhksnbrbkodh h uk tbrobrf.
?1
Kf kbobshrdh`bktb sb utdjdzhk jhs oubkths gbj _dstb`h Dktberhgf gb Ofkthcdjdghg.
EDJGHSGF ERHGHJRQB HSSDFJH @HDSÄK 83
Ohsf< JH IFKB_WH, _.H., (bxpfrthgfrh gb prfguotfs heràofjhs), bstè hotdvhgh of`f hebktb gb rbtbkodÿk gbj
D^H. Hgqudbrb bj gàh gb ify jfs sdeudbktbs cdbkbs y sbrvdodfs<
• Of`prh bk bnbotdvf gb prfguotfs heràofjhs pfr X.81,191.11, su prfvbbgfr jb of`prubch qub bstè
dksordtf of`f QSF^BBGFS HRWFSD\HGF ofknfr`b bj hrtàoujf 23 ‚H‐ gb jh Jby, pbrf jb dknfr`h qub
gbcb bnbotuhrjb jh rbtbkodÿk gbj D_S.
• Of`prh ukh `hqudkh gbspujphgfrh phrh bj prfobsf prfguotdvf pfr vhjfr gb X.33,711.11, bj
prfvbbgfr jb dknfr`h qub ihob phefs gdrbotfs gbj D_S.
D _S.
• Qheÿ jfs sbrvdodfs gb njbtbs y hohrrbfs gb `brohgbràh pfr X.3,371.11, su prfvbbgfr gbj sbrvdodf jb
dknfr`h qub ihob phefs trd`bstrhjbs gbj D_S.
Ohjoujf gb jhs rbtbkodfkbs gbj D^H<
h) Qrfguotfs heràofjhs<
Qrbodf kbtf gb fpbrhodÿk gbj cdbk X. 4,111.11
D`pubstf hj ^hjfr Herbehgf X. 8,191.11
^hjfr h rbtbkbr (X.8,191.11*1.>2) X. 513.11
c) Ftrfs prfguotfs y sbrvdodfs<
Qrbodf kbtf gb fpbrhodÿk (@hqudkh) X.31,111.11
D`pubstf hj ^hjfr Herbehgf X. 3,711.11
^hjfr h rbtbkbr (X.3,711.11*1.82) X. ?>1.11
Qrbodf kbtf gb fpbrhodÿk (_brvdodf) X. 3,111.11
D`pubstf hj ^hjfr Herbehgf X. 371.11
^hjfr h rbtbkbr (X.371.11*1.82) X. ?>.11
9.? OFKWSDCRTBKWB_
OFKWSDCRTBKWB_ B_QBODHJB_
Ohsf< JH IFKB_WH, _.H., bs uk ofktrdcuybktb bspbodhj y rbhjdzÿ of`prhs gb `htbrdhjbs gb ofkstruoodÿk, jfs
ouhjbs sbrèk utdjdzhgfs phrh rbphrhr jhs dksthjhodfkbs gb jh pjhkth prfguotdvh pfr uk vhjfr gb X.381,111.11
dkojuybkgf bj D^H. Gdoih of`prh jh rbhjdzÿ hj orägdtf, pbrf hgb`ès, bj prfvbbgfr jb dknfr`h qub jb rbhjdobk
rbtbkodfkbs gbj D_S sbeük jf dkgdohgf bk
bk bj hrtàoujf 74 gb jh Jby gb
gb Hotuhjdzhodÿk Wrdcuthrdh.
Oèjoujf gb jh rbtbkodÿk gbj D^H<
Bj hsdbktf hj ou`pjdr jh fcjdehodÿk trdcuthrdh supfkdbkgf qub hgb`ès gurhktb bj `bs ebkbrÿ uk D^H Gäcdtf Ndsohj pfr
jh su`h gb X.31,111.11, sbràh bj sdeudbktb<
_upfkdbkgf qub bk juehr gb phehr hj prfvbbgfr sb ihob jh gbvfjuodÿk gb jf of`prhgf, gbspuäs gb ihcbr gbojhrhgf
bj orägdtf ndsohj gb jh of`prh, pfr blb`pjf qub jh kfth gb orägdtf sb iucdbsb b`dtdgf bj 8> gb sbptdb`crb gb 311Y, bj
hsdbktf qub ofrrbspfkgbràh sbràh bj sdeudbktb<