126 daviT merkvilaZe

amirani XXXIV. 2021

daviT merkvilaZe

1783 wlis georgievskis traqtatis Sedegebi

qarTl-kaxeTis samefosaTvis (1783-1787 wlebi)

Davit Merkviladze
The Outcome of Signing the Georgiyevsk Treaty by the Kingdom of
Kartli and Kakheti (1783-1787)
Abstract: On July 24, 1783, the treaty signed in Georgiyevsk between the
Kingdom of Kartli and Kakheti and the Russian Empire, radically changed
political situation in the region. The Ottoman Empire was outraged as
Erekle II came under Russian subordination and Russian troops arrived
in his kingdom.
Encouraged by the Ottomans, Dagestan’s leaders permanently raided East
Georgia. The Dagestani raiders used to find their shelter in the territory of
Akhaltsikhe (Ahiska) eyalet, from where they attacked the Georgian kingdom.
1783 wlis 24 ivliss qarTl-kaxeTis samefosa da ruseTis
imperias Soris CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi mdebare georgievskis
cixe-simagreSi gaformda e. w. mfarvelobiTi xelSekruleba.
es movlena istoriografiaSi SemTxveviT araa miCneuli
erTgvar gardamtex mijnad rusul-qarTul politikur
urTierTobebSi. daaxloebiT sami saukunis istoriis mqone
aRniSnulma urTierTobebma ukve Camoyalibebuli samarT-
lebrivi saxe miiRo. rac kidev ufro mniSvnelovania, or
araTanabarzomier saxelmwifos Soris dadebulma traqtat-
ma mTlianad Secvala politikuri viTareba mTels kavkasiaSi
da mis farglebs gareTac. es viTareba, upirveles yovlisa,
Zalian male ukiduresad uaryofiTad aisaxa qarTl-kaxeTis
samefos politikur da ekonomikur mdgomareobaze, rac
sabolood aRmosavlur-qarTul gaerTianebul samefos
arsebobis Sewyvetis fasad daujda. arsobrivad Secvlilma
politikurma viTarebam mogvianebiT gansazRvra danarCeni
qarTuli samefo-samTavroebis Semdgomi bedic _ erTi-meo-
ris miyolebiT maTac ukidegano rusuli imperiis Soreuli
provinciebis xvedris gaziareba mouwiaT.
georgievskis traqtati da misi arsi
sanam uSualod georgievskis xelSekrulebis Sedegebis
ganxilvaze gadavidodeT, vfiqrob, upriani iqneba, mokled
SevCerdeT aRniSnuli traqtatis Sinaarsisa da raobis sa-
kiTxze. am xelSekrulebis mixedviT orive mxare garkveul
 1783 wlis georgievskis traqtatis Sedegebi 127
valdebulebebs iRebda Tavis Tavze. kerZod, qarTl-kaxeTis
mefe pirobas debda, rom: 1. ar cnobda arc erTi sxva sa-
xelmwifosadmi raime damokidebulebas da aRiarebda mxo-
lod ruseTis imperatoris uzenaes xelisuflebas da fics
debda mis samudamo erTgulebaze; 2. ar awarmoebda sagareo
politikas ruseTis warmomadgenlobasTan SeuTanxmeblad;
3. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi emsaxureboda ruseTis imperias
Tavisi samxedro SesaZleblobebiT; 4. ar Seaviwroebda
imperatoris qveSevrdomebs Tavis samefoSi; 5. samefoSi
romelime piris dawinaurebisas gaiTvaliswinebda am ukanas-
knelis damsaxurebebs ruseTis imperiis winaSe. Tavis mxriv,
ruseTis imperatori (ekaterine II) valdebulebas iRebda,
rom: 1. uzrunvelyofda qarTl-kaxeTis samefos mfarvelo-
basa da mTlianobas; 2. samefo taxti samudamod iqneboda
SenarCunebuli erekle II-isa da misi STamomavlobis xelSi;
3. qarTl-kaxeTis samefos mtrebs miiCnevda sakuTar mtre-
bad; 4. osmaleTTan da iranTan xelSekrulebebis dadebisas
gaiTvaliswinebda qarTuli samefos interesebsac; 5. ar
Caereoda samefos Sida saqmeebSi.
amasTanave xelSekrulebas darTuli saidumlo muxle-
bis Tanaxmad, samefoSi igzavneboda 2 rusuli batalioni
4 zarbazniT, xolo omis SemTxvevaSi ruseTidan unda Se-
mosuliyo damatebiTi samxedro Zalebic. mtrebis mier
mitacebuli qarTuli miwebis (igulisxmeba osmaleTis mier
dapyrobili samcxe-saaTabago da lekebis mier mitacebuli
War-belaqani) iaraRiT ganTavisuflebis SemTxvevaSi, es
miwa-wyali qarTl-kaxeTis mefis daqvemdebarebaSi gadavi-
doda. aseve qarTl-kaxeTis taxtze asul yovel axal mefes
samefo niSnebi unda mieRo ruseTis imperatorisagan da am
ukanasknelis erTgulebaze unda daeficebina.
mokled rom SevajamoT, georgievskis xelSekruleba
sinamdvileSi warmoadgenda proteqtoratisa da vasali-
tetis erTgvar nazavs [Sdr. 21:2-3; 13:140-142]1: erekle II

1
iv. javaxiSvils miaCnda, rom georgievskis xelSekruleba iyo „mfarv-
elobiTi mokavSireobis“ traqtati, vinaidan xelSekrulebis teqstSi
mefe da qarTveli moqalaqeebi arsad qveSevrdomebad naxsenebi ar arian;
ekaterine II-is sagangebo miTiTebaSic qarTveli mefeebi mxolod mokav-
Sireebad iwodebian da a. S. [12:92-93]. am Sexedulebas iziarebda mecnierTa
mniSvnelovani nawilic.
128 daviT merkvilaZe
aRiarebda imperatoris uzenaesobas, ificebda mis erTgu-
lebaze, pirobas debda, samxedro samsaxuri gaewia misTvis
sakuTari SesaZleblobebis farglebSi da amasTanave erT-
meoda damoukidebeli sagareo politikis warmoebis ufleba
(aRniSnuli bolo punqtiT arsebuli SezRudva metismetad
mZime aRmoCnda ereklesaTvis da sabediswero _ mTeli misi
samefosaTvis 1795 wels). taxtze asuli yoveli axali mefe
ki, faqtobrivad, ruseTis imperatoris mier unda damtki-
cebuliyo (es ukanaskneli punqti ruseTis xelisuflebam
moxerxebulad gamoiyena xelSekrulebis sxva puqtebis,
kerZod, samefo taxtis erekles STamomavalTaTvis danarCu-
nebis pirobis dasarRvevad, roca giorgi XII-is memkvidres,
mamis sikvdilis Semdeg samefos gamgebel daviTs samefo
niSnebi aRar gamougzavna da qarTl-kaxeTis samefos aneqsia
moaxdina. daviT giorgis Ze ki amaod eloda imperatorisagan
mefed cnobas [10:223]).
samagierod, siuzereni (ruseTis imperatori) yvela sa-
SualebiT uzrunvelyofda Tavisi vasalis (qarTveli mefis)
samefos usafrTxoebas nebismieri gareSe mtrisagan da
mudmivad eyoleboda Tavisi jaris nawili mis teritoriaze.
ekaterine II-is `umaRles miTiTebaSi~, romelic safuZv-
lad unda dadeboda `rusul-qarTul~ traqtats, sagangebo-
daa aRniSnuli, rom qarTvel mefeebTan unda dadebuliyo
`samokavSireo traqtati~, ise rom mefeebi unda wodebuli-
yvnen ara qveSevrdomebad maTi `mfarveli sruliad ruseTis
imperiisa~, aramed mokavSireebad da isini xarkis gadaxdis
valdebulebisaganac Tavisufldebodnen (yovelwliuri
`mosakiTxis~ saxiT ruseTSi unda gaegzavnaT mxolod abre-
Sumi, Rvino da cxenebi) [15:30]. magram es mxolod erTgvari
fandi iyo. TviTon gaformebuli xelSekrulebis Sinaarsi
da leqsika aRar iZleva safuZvels, rom traqtati or Ta-
nasworuflebian saxelmwifos Soris dadebul SeTanxmebad
miviCnioT [10:223]. amitom vfiqrob, ufro marTebulia misi
ganxilva rogorc `mfarveloba-daqvemdebarebis~ xelSe-
krulebisa [1:36].
Sesabamisad, msgavsi tipis xelSekrulebis gaformebiT,
miT ufro amierkavkasiis uZlieres politikur erTeulTan,
swored rusuli mxare unda yofiliyo dainteresebuli. aR-
niSnuli traqtatis wyalobiT, ruseTma uomrad gadmolaxa
kavkasionis qedi da kavkasiis yvelaze Zlieri xelisufali
Tavis ymad gaixada, rac kavkasiaSi gabatonebisaTvis brZo-
laSi misi didi warmatebis niSani iyo [6:693]. saerTodac,
 1783 wlis georgievskis traqtatis Sedegebi 129
unda iTqvas, rom mocemul epoqaSi ruseTis saimperatoro
kari xSirad mimarTavda msgavs `mfarvelobiT~ xelSekru-
lebebs, rogorc sakuTari politikuri gavlenis gafar-
Toebisa da mcire politikuri erTeulebis ubrZolvelad
(an ukidures SemTxvevaSi, naklebi sisxlisRvris fasad)
damorCileba-daqvemdebarebis erT-erT ukve kargad mosin-
jul saSualebas, rac SemdgomSi, Cveulebriv, aRniSnuli
miwa-wylis uSualo dapyroba-SeerTebis erTgvar safuZvlad
iqceoda xolme [10:224, 227]. amgvari xelSekrulebebis gasa-
formeblad ki iyenebda sxvadasxva samxedro-diplomatiur
da avantiuristul meTodebs, riTac axorcielebda kidec
zewolas mizanSi amoRebul mcire saxelmwifoebsa da mis
mmarTvelebze.

qarTl-kaxeTis samefos politikuri mdgomareoba georgi-

evskis traqtatis dadebis momdevno wlebSi
qarTl-kaxeTis politikuri mdgomareobis cvlilebas
samefos ruseTis mfarvelobaSi Sesvlis Semdeg, sainte-
resod aRwers ruseTis sagangebo warmomadgeneli erekle
II-is karze da amavdroulad zemoxsenebuli traqtatis
Sesabamisad, am samefoSi Semosuli rusuli jaris meTaurad
daniSnuli polkovniki stefane burnaSevi Tavis naSromSi
saqarTvelos Sesaxeb: `sruliad ruseTis imperatorobi-
Ti udidebulesobis mfarvelobaSi saqarTvelos miRebis
Sesaxeb traqtatis sazeimod dadebis Semdeg, rogorc ki
Cveni jari iq Sevida, mTeli adrebiJaneli xanebi da [sxve-
bi] ufro iqiT sparseTSic, Zlier SeSfoTdnen. miuxedavad
maTi keTildReobisa da sargeblisadmi ruseTis keTili
ganwyobis Sesaxeb daimedebisa, isini winaswar Seipyro Tavi-
anTi Zalauflebis dakargvis SiSma, da es azri kidev ufro
ganumtkicdaT otomanTa portas STagonebiT, romelic
ganuwyveteli misiebiTa da mfloblebisTvis arcTu mcire
saCuqrebis darigebiT cdilobda maT rac SeiZleba Zlierad
aRZvras mefis winaaRmdeg da amasac miaRwia: ibrahim-xan Su-
Selma dauwyo mavnebloba Tavidan yvela saidumlo xerxiT,
Tumca ki es SesamCnevi iyo. misi mecadineobiT gandga ganja
[mefis] morCilebidan.~ erevanSic suleiman-faSas `mudmivi
xrikebiT~ `sxvadasxva sababiT mefes xarks aRar uxdian da
erevanic mefis Zalauflebisagan Camocilebis ukanasknel
mijnaze dgas. samefo mflobelobaSi myofma TaTarma xalxebma
_ yazaxelebma, SamSadilelebma da Samqorelebma, saukeTeso
meomrebma da mdidarma adamianebma, miatoves TavianTi noyieri
130 daviT merkvilaZe
miwebi, wavidnen SuSis xanis mxareSi da axla mas emsaxure-
bian mefis winaaRmdeg.~ TurqeTis portam, _ ganagrZobs
burnaSevi _ saqarTvelodan Cveni jarebis gamosadevnad
`ganavrco Tavisi waqezebani mtaceblur da xarb angare-
bian daRestanze. fulisa da imis daimedebis meSveobiT,
rom imoqmedebda axalcixis mxridan kavSirSi, daarwmuna
avariis uma-xani (igulisxmeba omar-xani _ d.m.), mTielTa mTe-
li SesaZlo Zalebis Tavmoyris Semdeg aSkara omi daewyo
mefis winaaRmdeg.~ omar-xanmac `moagrova 11000-mde kaci
sxvadasxva mTiel xalxTagan, movida mdinare alazanze da
aq Warelebsa da belaqnelebTan, saqarTvelos Seurigebel
mtrebTan gaerTianebis Semdeg gaZlierda 20000-mde~ da
saqarTveloSi SemoiWra [3:44-46].
saqarTveloSi myofi rusuli jarebis meTauris mier
saimperatoro karisaTvis gakeTebuli es mokle daxasiaTeba
mTeli sisruliT asaxavs qarTl-kaxeTis ruseTis mfarve-
lobaSi Sesvlis Sedegad samefoSi Seqmnil mZime politikur
viTarebas, rac gansakuTrebiT damZimda aq rusuli jaris
Semosvlis Semdeg. am gancxadebas pirdapir exmianeba bur-
naSevis Tanamedrove da aRwerili ambebis TviTmxilveli
qarTveli istorikosi, oman xerxeuliZec: `kvalad iZia Suri
suleiman faSam da iwyo saqmoba SuSis xanTan da daRistanSi
omar-xanTan. da egreTve astexna lekni marbevelad qarTli-
sa dafarviT,~ xolo rodesac `imperatrica ekaterineman...
warmoavlina mefes iraklisTan ministrad polkovniki 2
da ori batalioni mxedroba... umetes ganZvinda suleiman
faSa da Seqmnes sxvaTa adribeJanis xanebTaca SiSneuleba
mxedrobisa gamo ruseTisa, vinaiTgan aqvndaT maradis ridi
mefis iraklisagan da umetesad ganigulves maSin dapyroba
Tvisi ZaliTa rosiis mxedrobisaTa da amis gamo SeeqmnaT
urTierTisadmi dinTaslibisa Tamxmoba.3 xolo mas Jamsa
epyra saymod ganja da yoveli mamuli misi mefesa iraklis
da aqvnda friadi megobroba SuSis xanTa Tanaca... garna

2
igulisxmeba zemonaxsenebi s. burnaSevi. ruseTis oficialur warmomad-
genels imxanad rusulive gavleniT saqarTveloSic xSirad „ministrad“
moisxeniebdnen.
3
e. i. gaerTiandnen sarwmunoebriv niadagze. „dinTaslibis“ mniSvnelobas
Teimuraz bagrationi oman xexeuliZis Txzulebis sakuTar versiaSi ase
ganmartavs: „ese igi Tavisis sjulisa, gina memsjuleTa sarCvla“. iqve
ki mkiTxvelisaTvis suraTis kidev ufro naTlad warmoCenis mizniT ba-
toniSvili dasZens: „Seqmnes xanebma saidumlod erTmaneTTan laparaki da
erToba da egreTve osmalis mxares faSebma“ [11:98].
 1783 wlis georgievskis traqtatis Sedegebi 131
zemoxsenebulisa fiqrisa da Suris gamo gamoaZes mun myofi
kaci igi mefis iraklisa Tavadi andronikaSvili mdivanbegi
qaixosro. Seiyvanes igive memkvidre javaT-xan da dasves
xanad. masve drosa suleiman faSam mouwoda daRistnis omar-
xans, xunZaxis batons. man Semoiyara daRistnis jarebi da
egreTve Warelni, v(id)re oci aTasamde movida urdozed,
romel ars alaznis piri~ [11:72-73].
bunebrivia, georgievskis traqtatis gaformebam mTlia-
nad Secvala politikuri mdgomareoba regionSi. magram, sam-
wuxarod, es cvlileba qarTl-kaxeTis samefos sasargeblod
namdvilad ar momxdara. erekle II-sa da ekaterine II-s Soris
dadebuli xelSekrulebiT isedac SeSfoTebuli sulTnis
kari rusuli jaris nawilis (Tundac mcirericxovanis)
qarTl-kaxeTis sazRvrebSi gamoCenam saerTod sagonebelSi
Caagdo. iq kargad esmodaT, rom am or rusul batalions
momavalSi sxvac bevri mohyveboda, romelTa saSualebiTac
ruseTis imperia adre Tu gvian mTels samxreT kavkasiaSi
damkvidrdeboda da aucileblad miitanda saxifaTo ie-
riSs TviT osmaleTis Crdilo-aRmosavleTis sazRvrebzec.
osmaleTi ruseTTan formalurad sazavo mdgomareobaSi
imyofeboda (quCuk-kainarjis zavi, yirimis saxanos sakiTxSi
mogvianebiT ruseTis sasargeblod Setanili garkveuli
Sesworebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, kvlav ZalaSi rCeboda) da
masTan mSvidobis Riad dasarRvevad mzad ar iyo. amitom
portam erekle II-is winaaRmdeg saswrafod daiwyo mis
xelT arsebuli yvelaze efeqturi iaraRis _ daRestnis
faqtoris sruli ZaliT amoqmedeba. kars momdgari rusuli
safrTxisagan Tavdasacavad, sulTnis davalebiT, axal-
cixis faSis, suleiman jayelis elCebi uxvi dapirebebis,
Zvirfasi saCuqrebisa da fuliT savse qisebis gamoyenebiT
daRestnel beladebs qarTl-kaxeTis samefoze mudmivi
Tavdasxmebisaken mouwodebdnen. osmaleTis imperiaSi Sema-
vali axalcixis safaSo yaCaRTa brboebis TavSesafrad iqca.
qarTuli soflebis moTareSebis Semdeg naZarcviT datvir-
Tuli lekebi axalcixis safaSos teritoriaze hpovebdnen
TavSesafars, sadac sakuTar nadavls mSvidad da sarfianad
hyiddnen [ix. aseve 2:232]. amis gamo erekles mier gamoTqmul
sayvedurebze axalcixis faSa Tavs imiT imarTlebda, rom
avazaki lekebis Sekaveba TiTqos mis Zalebs aRemateboda,
vinaidan isini mis morCilebaSi ar iyvnen [16:214].
132 daviT merkvilaZe
amgvar viTarebaSi pavle potiomkini, ruseTis jarebis
sardali CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi, osmaleTis mier `lekuri~
faqtoris saTavisod gamoyenebas osmaleTis sisustis
maCveneblad aRqvamda: `orive saxelmwifos Soris zavi nar-
Cundeba, magram Tuki moxdeba misi moSla, maTi (osmalTa)
Tavdacva sustia, roca mxolod lekebze amyareben imeds~
_ kmayofilebiT werda kavkasiis xazis sardali s. burna-
Sevs 1783 wlis 20 ivliss [18:7-8], im dros, roca ruseTSi
am ukanasknelis mier yirimis dauflebis gamo osmaleTis
mxridan omis gamocxadebas ar gamoricxavdnen. Tumca rac
ruseTisaTvis misi mowinaaRmdegis sisustis gamoxatuleba
iyo (lekebiT ruseTs, cxadia, marTlac verafers daaklebd-
nen), qarTl-kaxeTisaTvis namdvil ubedurebad iqca.
saCuqrebiTa da fuliT datvirTuli osmalo elCebi
xSir-xSirad mimodiodnen aseve azerbaijaneli xanebis karze
da maT mudmivad aqezebdnen erekle II-is winaaRmdeg. xanebis
umetesoba isedac qeds idrekda erekles Zlevamosilebis
winaSe. rusuli jaris qarTl-kaxeTSi Semosvlis Semdeg ki
maTSi imZlavra SiSma, rom SeiZleboda mTlianad daekargaT
Zalaufleba da safrTxe SeqmnodaT sarwmunoebis mxrivac:
`egonaT mefe erekle ZalaT dagvipyrobs rusebis ZaliTa da
wagvaxdenso da Cvens rjulsac mogviSliano, radgan rusebi
da mefe erekle erTi rjulisa ariano~ [11:98]. osmalTa Za-
lisxmevis wyalobiT, es gancda azerbaijanel xanebSi kidev
ufro Rvivdeboda da sabolood aman ereklesaTvis Zalze
cudi Sedegebi gamoiRo: ganjis xanma qarTveli mefis morCi-
lebaze saerTod uari Tqva, erevnis saxanoze ki mefis bato-
noba ukve bewvze ekida. xolo erT dros erekle II-is erTgu-
li da saimedo politikuri mokavSire _ yarabaRis xani mefis
mowinaaRmdegeTa banakSi gadabargda. erekle faqtobrivad
Tavisi muslimi mokavSireebis gareSe darCa. qarTl-kaxeTis
yvela Soriaxlo mezobeli muslimi mmarTveli osmaleTis
waqezebiT ukve erTad ilesavda xmals ereklesa da misi
samefos samtrod _ mefem xom yvela maTganis umetesad
saSiSi mtris, ruseTis jars gauxsna gza kavkasiis mTebs
gadmoRma. rusuli batalionebis qarTl-kaxeTSi CadgomiT,
met-naklebad damoukidebel muslim mmarTvelebs osmalo
sulTnis garSemo gaerTianebis myari safuZveli SeeqmnaT.
arada swored am mmarTvel xanTa Soris winaaRmdegobebsa
da aqedan gamomdinare, maTTan gonivrulad SerCeul xel-
 1783 wlis georgievskis traqtatis Sedegebi 133
sayrel politikur kavSirebze agebda erekle II aqamde Tavis
warmatebul regionalur politikas, ramac qarTl-kaxeTi
uZlieres politikur erTeulad aqcia kavkasiaSi. axla ki
Tavis mokavSireebis dakargvisa da samefoze Tavdamsxmel
lekTa gaaqtiurebis Sesabamisad, swrafad ecemoda erekles
politikuri gavlena da avtoriteti.

yovelive amis Sedegad georgievskis traqtatis gaforme-

biT qarTvelTa Soris aRZruli imedebi, rom ruseTis mfar-
velobiT qveyanaSi bolos da bolos daisadgurebda nanatri
mSvidoba, maleve daimsxvra [17:173]. ar marTldeboda erekle
II-is imedic, rom `rusT xelmwifis~ SemweobiT igi Tavis sa-
xelmwifos Zlevamosilebas ganamtkicebda. cxadi xdeboda,
rom iseve, rogorc adre, ruseTis daxmarebiT mdgomareobis
gaumjobesebis imedi `naadrevi aRmoCnda, ise rom zogjer
am imedebma qarTvel politikosebs katastrofuli mdgo-
mareobac Seuqmnes~ [9:87]. traqtatis gamo qarTl-kaxeTis
samefo, gaZlierebisa da gare mterTagan dacvis nacvlad,
sami mxridan mtrebiT garemoculi aRmoCnda da saomari
mdgomareoba Seeqmna im mezobel mmarTvelebTanac ki,
romlebic manamde misi saimedo mokavSireebi iyvnen [12:95].
isini axla samxreT kavkasiaSi `rusebis Semomyvan~ erek-
les saxiT ruseTis imperias upirispirdebodnen [7:51]. am
savalalo Sedegebma aCvena, rom `1783 w. xelSekrulebas
saqarTvelosTvis sargebloba ara moutania ra, ziani ki
_ auarebeli. politikuri mdgomareoba gaumjobesebis
magier saSinlad gauaresda~ [12:93]. erekle II-s ki Tavisi
cxovrebisa da mmarTvelobis bolo 15 weliwadi (1783-1798
ww.) `katastrofisa da gacruebuli iluziebis~ wlebad eqca
[5:220]. ganuxrelma rusulma orientaciam qarTuli samefo
swrafi daqveiTebis gzaze daayena da dacemisaken miaqaneb-
da. igi ruseTis ormag politikasa da masTan gaformebul
politikur kavSirs ewireboda [7:52].
georgievskSi traqtatze xelmoweris ori wlis Tavze
viTarebis gauareseba ukve imdenad sagrZnobi gamxdara, rom
TviT traqtatze xelismomweri Tavadi garsevan WavWavaZe,
mefis despani ruseTSi, imperiis meore pirs, grigol po-
tiomkins Tavis moxsenebiT baraTSi punqtobrivad CamouTv-
lis (sul ki aseT 6 punqts asaxelebs) im politikur da
ekonomikur ganuzomel zaralTa rigs, rac qarTl-kaxeTis
134 daviT merkvilaZe
samefom naxa `im Jamis Semdgomad, odes safarvelsa qveSe
ruseTisasa Sevida~ [8:244-245].
1785 wlis seqtemberSi omar-xan avarielis mier daRest-
nelTa da WarelTa didi jariT aRmosavleT saqarTvelos
warmatebulma dalaSqvram ruseTis mfarvelobaSi myofi
samefos ususuroba gamoavlina. erekle II-m araTu dasja
ver moaxerxa Tavgasuli xanis (omarma mefis jarTan pi-
rispir Setakebas Tavi aarida, dedofliswyaroze gavliT
qvemo qarTlSi gadavida da rbeva-rbeviT axalcixis safaSos
Seafara Tavi), aramed iZulebuli gaxda, lekTa Tavgasuli
beladisaTvis didi jamagiris daniSvnis fasad eyida misgan
mSvidoba. traqtatis pirobebiT, mdgomareobis garTule-
bis SemTxvevaSi damatebiTi damxmare jaris Semosayvanad
ki `mfarveli~ imperia Tavs ar iwuxebda. omar-xanis laS-
qarma gaanadgura spilenZisa da vercxlis sarewebi. amiT
saxelmwifo xazinas sagrZnobi Semosavlis wyaro moaklda.
momdevno wlis gazafxulidan lekTa mcirericxovani ya-
CaRuri razmebis Tavdasxmebi kidev ufro didi sixSiriT
ganaxlda [16:206]. lekianobam ukiduresad saSiSi masStabebi
miiRo. leki abragebi xandaxan Tbilisis Semogarenamdec ki
aRwevdnen [16:207], itacebdnen yvelafers, rasac ki xelT
igdebdnen, maT Soris adamianebs. aseTi Tavdasxmebis mosa-
gerieblad saxelmwifo miT umetes ar iyo mzad. levan ba-
toniSvilis gardacvalebis Semdeg morige jari moSliliyo.
saWiro zomebis miRebisa da saTanado, Tundac arc ise didi
odenobis, jaris Seyramde mZarcvelebis daweva naklebad
xerxdeboda da xSir SemTxvevaSi nadavliT datvirTuli
momxvduri samSvidobos uvneblad aRwevda.
gamococxlebulma lekianobam mniSvnelovnad dasca sa-
xelmwifos ekonomikuri potenciali. lekTa TareSma vaWro-
bis swrafi daqveiTeba gamoiwvia [2:233]. gzebze qaravnebis
gadaadgileba erTob saxifaTo gaxda. saxelmwifo uZluri
iyo, uzrunveleyo vaWrebis usafrTxoeba. erekle mefis
qveSevrdom msxvil vaWarTagan bevri Tavisi kapitaliT
ruseTSi gadadioda da imperiis qveSevrdomaSi Sesvlis
Semdeg iq agrZelebda Tavis saqmianobas. igive usafrTxoe-
bis ararsebobis mizeziT ferxdeboda sasoflo-sameurneo
samuSaoebis warmoeba, zog adgilebSi ki es saerTod SeuZ-
lebeli gaxda. glexebi baR-venaxebSi Tavisuflad veRar ga-
diodnen, icleboda mTeli soflebi, mcirdeboda qveyanaSi
 1783 wlis georgievskis traqtatis Sedegebi 135
warmoebuli dovlaTi, raodenobrivad iklebda da Rarib-
deboda mosaxleoba. adamianuri da ekonomikuri resursic
Semcireba ki mTlianobaSi uSualod da savalalod aisaxe-
boda saxelmwifos Tavdacvisunarianobaze: Zneldeboda
laSqris mobilizacia da saWiro drois ganmavlobaSi misi
sakvebiT uzrunvelyofa; fuladi saxsrebis simciris gamo
xSirad veRar xerxdeboda Zveleburad mTielTagan jaris
daqiraveba da a. S.
arsebuli umZimes viTarebas cxadad asaxavs TbilisSi
myofi polk. s. burnaSevis mier p. potiomkinisaTvis miweri-
li erTi ambavi: 1786 wlis martSi lekTa erT razms Waridan
kaxeTi mouTareSebia da mTeli naxiri Tavisuflad gadau-
dena samSvidobos, alazans gaRma. meore nawili axalcixis
mxridan suramSi SeWrila da Zarcva da mosaxleobis dar-
yveveba dauwyia. ereklem rogorc ki amis Sesaxeb Seityo,
orasi meomari Seyara, 150 rusi egeri daimata da saswrafod
Tbilidan suramisken gaemarTa, magram 17 versis gavlis
Semdeg gaCerebula, vinaidan am mcire jaris gamosakvebi
sursaTic ki ver uSovia [16:206].
qarTuli samefo karisaTvis cxadi gaxda, rom aseT
viTarebaSi ori rusuli batalioni qveynis dasacavad sak-
marisi ar iyo (da es maSin, roca `lekur problemas~ mefe
erekle manamde, rusuli jaris aryofnis pirobebSic, ase
Tu ise Tavs mainc arTmevda). ar dakmayofilda erekle II-
is Txovnac, sesxi mieRo Tavisi `mfarvel-mokavSirisagan~
[2:233]4. erekles Tavidanve hqonda cnobebi axalcixis faSis
mier waqezebuli lekebis mosalodneli masobrivi yaCaRuri
Tavdasxmebis Sesaxeb da amas acnobebda kidec s. burnaSevs.
mZime mdgomareobaSi Cavardnili mefe gamosavals ruseTi-
dan damatebiT axali batalionebis gamogzavnaSi xedavda.5
erekle II kavkasiis xazis sardal general p. potiomkinisad-
mi miweril werilSi jarisa da fulis gamogzavnis Txovni-
sas aRniSnavda, rom `aseT saSiSroebaSi, romelSic amJamad
Cavardnilia saqarTvelo, arasdros yofila. Sah-abas didis
sikvdilis Semdegac ki amgvari aoxreba mas ar ganucdia~.

4
erTxel, rodesac erekle iTxovda 30 000 aTas rubls, p. potiomkinisa-
gan miuRia 4000 Tumani, ekaterinesagan naCuqari artileriis gamogzavnis
pirobasTan erTad [16:205].
5
amis Taobaze s. burnaSevi moaxsenebda p. potiomkins 1786 wlis aprils [16:207].
136 daviT merkvilaZe
vinaidan dro ar iTmenda, mefe aqve sTxovda rus sardals,
rom peterburgidan nebarTvis miRebas ar dalodeboda da
traqtatis pirobebis Sesabamisad saswrafod gamoegzavna
jari Tundac imitom, rom `esodeni sulni qristianeTani
ar gaubedurebuliyvnen misi udidebulesobis (dedofal
ekaterines _ d. m.) erTgulebis gamo~ da `mieca maTTvis Sem-
weoba, rom ar gavardniliyo xma, rom didi ekaterines dros
ruseTTan dakavSirebuli saqarTvelo sruliad gahqra.~
`Tu Tqven iciT, rom qarTvelTa samefos dacemiT ruseTis
imperia raime sargebels naxavs, maSin moiqeciT ise, ro-
gorc geneboT~, _ iwereboda bolos aSkara sayvedurnarevi
toniT mZime dReSi Cavardnili erekle II da iqve gulgate-
xili dasZenda, rom Tu Semweoba ar gamoigzavneboda, esec
gulaxdilad eTqva, raTa misi samefos mcxovrebni mudmiv
ubedurebaSi ar yofiliyvnen. iqve ki rus generals am ube-
durebis mizezsac miuniSnebda: `isic sakmarisia, rac wina
da mesame wels~ (igulisxmeba 1784-1785 wlebi, anu me-2 da me-3 wlebi
georgievskis traqtatidan _ d. m.) iwvnia saqarTvelomo.6
damatebiTi rusis jaris gamogzavnis amaod momlodine
erekle II-is sruli imedgacrueba traqtatisadmi da mTels
samezoblosTan urTierTobis gafuWebis gamo wuxili kargad
ikiTxeba peterburgSi samefos warmomadgenel garsevan Wav-
WavaZisadmi gagzavnil mis werilSic: `nurc aTqmevineb visme
amasa, rom didis ekaterines Jamsa da xelmwifobaSi ruseTis
SeerTebis (igulisxmeba ruseTTan politikuri xelSekrulebiT
dakavSirebis _ d. m.) mizeziT, mouSveleblobiT daiqca saqarT-
velo. ra vqna, me bevris imedi mqonda Tqvenisgan da kidec
maqvs. ma visTan mivideT da vis gamovucxadoT Cveni tkivili,
_ osmaleTTan mivide, mimiSveben? yizilbaSebTan mivide, _
Semiwynareben? daRestnelebTan mivide. _ mimiReben? maS, visi
sasoeba mqondes, Tu ara ruseTis didebulis xelmwifisa...
vis unda mivmarTo da vis unda vawyino Tavi?~ [15:69].
Cans, mefe acnobierebda, raoden rTuli iyo mezobeli
muslimi mmarTvelebis winaSe Tavisi dakarguli ndobis

6
werili dawerilia 1786 wlis 6 agvistos. werili mogvyavs i. dubrovinis
naSromidan [16:209] (Targmani rusulidan Cvenia). p. butkovic saqarTvelos
mZime mdgomareobis daxasiaTebisas imowmebs erekle II-is sityvebs, rom
„saqarTvelo maSin iseT ubedurebaSi iyo, romelic mas Sah-abasis Semdeg
ar hqonia“ [14:188].
 1783 wlis georgievskis traqtatis Sedegebi 137
aRdgena da amitom Tavis diplomatiuri aqtiurobas isev
ekaterine II-is karisaken mimarTavda. sasurveli Sedegi ki
ara da ar Canda: didi mcdelobis miuxedavad, ruseTSi im-
periasTan gaformebuli kavSiris gamo gansacdelSi Cavard-
nili mefis mravalgzisi daJinebuli Txovnis Semsmeneli
aravin gamoCenila [4:699].
manamde, 1785 wlis 15 oqtombers garsevan WavWavaZe gr.
potiomkins moaxsenebda, rom `TurqTa TeTriT mosyidu-
li daRestnis xalxi~ daRestnidan da axalcixidan Zlier
awuxebdnen saqarTvelos da iTxovda finansur daxmare-
bas, risi wyalobiTac mefe SeZlebda lekebis `TurqTagan
ganSorebas~ da Tavisken gadabirebas, vinaidan `xaziniT
lekebs mefe Cemi umetes iSovnis da imsaxurebs, amiT rom
lekT Tavis saxlSi wasasvleli gza mSvidobiani eqmnebaT da
aRaravisgan eSinebaT~ da lekis garda am fuliT sxva jaris
daiqiravebasac SeZlebda [ix. 8:247]. daaxloebiT erTi Tvis
Semdeg erekle II-is elCi saimperatoro kars atyobinebda,
rom daRestnis didi jari wamosula saqarTveloze War-
belaqnidan da `mfarvelobis ZaliT~ mtris mosagerieblad
iTxovda jars an sesxs ramdenime wlis vadiT. iqve ismis
Tavad g. WavWavaZis sayveduric: `warsuls weliwads~ Wari
da belaqani rom `aRxociliyo~, axla amisTana gaWirveba ar
mogvadgebodao [8:249-250].7
`Tumca mamuli Cveni simgrguliv mtris pirSi yofila
da yovelTvis brZola ar daukliaT saqarTvelozed, _ ga-
nagrZobs qarTveli elCi, _ oRond amisTana gaWireba ara
dros ar miuRiaT, rom SeTqmulobiT umterosT, rogorc
axla oTxsav mxares mtroben~ (igulisxmeba sxvadasxva mtris
erToblivi SeTanxmebuli moqmedeba qarTl-kaxeTis winaaRmdeg
_ d. m.). rac mefe erekles mama, Teimurazs `saqarTvelos
mefoba miuRia, im Jamidam vidre am Jamomde amisTana gansac-
delSi saqarTvelo ar yofila~ [8:252] _ garsevan WavWavaZis
es sityvebi kargad gamoxatavs, rogor gauaresda qarTuli
samefos politikuri mdgomareoba ruseTTan dadebuli
xelSekrulebis Sedegad.

7
ufro adre erekle mefe arwmunebda ruseTis xelisuflebas, rom Zvel
qarTul miwa-wyalze damkvidrebuli Wareli lekebis damorCileba same-
foSi lekianobis aRsakveTad aucilebel RonisZiebas warmoadgenda. Tumca
maSin am umniSvnelovanes winadadebas ruseTisagan saTanado nabijebi ar
mohyolia.
138 daviT merkvilaZe
CrdiloeTidan ki saimedo cnobebi ar modioda, TiTqos
qars waeRo traqtatis dadebasTan dakavSirebiT p. potiom-
kinis gancxadeba, rom `amieridan ruseTi ise mWidrod aris
saqarTvelosTan dakavSirebuli, rom yoveli sargebeli
miiReba ormxrivad~.8 bolos TiTqos fulic gamoiyo `qarTu-
li jaris organizaciisaTvis~. magram aRmoCnda, rom sinam-
dvileSi es Tanxa arc qarTuli jarisaTvis yofila da arc
ereklesaTvis: `daiqiraveT isinic da sxvebic CemTvis, da
ara mefisaTvis, rom isini iyvnen saqarTvelos sasargeblod,
magram Cvens gankargulebaSi~ _ werda gr. potiomkini Tavis
umcros biZaSvils, p. potiomkins 1786 w. 19 oqtombers.9
samefoSi Seqmnili mZime viTarebis aRweris Semdeg s.
burnaSevi Tavis patakSi werda, rom qveynisaTvis saWiroa
fuladi mxardaWerac qarTvel xalxSi imedis gasaRviZe-
blad, romelsac mTebSi xidebisa da gzebis (igulisxmeba
ruseTidan saqarTveloSi darialis xeobiT Semomavali gza)
moSlis gamo daxmarebis miRebis imedi aRar aqvs da imdenad
sasowarkveTilia, rom Turquli jaris Semosvlis SemTx-
vevaSi pirdapir uZlieresis nebas damorCildeba, Tundac
mefis survilis sawinaaRmdegodac kio [16:212]. SeiZleba es
gancxadeba erTgvarad gadaWarbebulic iyos, magram mainc
uSualod miuTiTebs georgievskis traqtatiT gamowveuli
gansacdelis simZimesa da mosaxlebis uimedo mdgomareoba-
ze. Tu ramdenad Semcirda qarTl-kaxeTis samefos Zliereba
da daeca erekle II-is avtoriteti sul raRac 3-4 weliwadSi,
kargad asaxavs mezobeli xanebisagan axalcixis faSisadmi
mociqulTa piriT SenaTvali: `erekles hqonda oTxi fexi,
romelTagan sami waerTva da is axla mxolod erTze dgas~
[16:220].
cxadi Seiqmna, rom osmaleTTan `mSvidobianobis dros
ruseTis proteqtorati ver icavda saqarTvelos~ da ro-
gorc maleve gairkva, `omis dros igi saerTod zedmetic
aRmoCnda~ [13:166].
niSandoblivia, rusi diplomati da samxedro meTauri s.
burnaSevi, rogorc zemoT vnaxeT, rom ar asaxelebs arc erT

8
„Россия, будучи связана ныне с Грузией столь тесно, всякую пользу приемлет обоюдно“
[19:217; 17:173].
9
„Нанимать и тех и других мне, а не царю, чтобы они были в пользу Грузии, но в
повелениях наших“ [20:32, 176; 17:219].
 1783 wlis georgievskis traqtatis Sedegebi 139
dadebiT Sedegs, rac traqtatis dadebasa da rusuli ja-
rebis Semosvlas moutania erekles samefosaTvis. amrigad,
burnaSevis mixedviT, samefos politikuri mdgomareobis
cvlileba uaresobisaken gamoxatula Semdeg sakiTxebSi:
1. qarTuli samefos yvela mezobelma xanma, SeSinebu-
lebma da SeSfoTebulebma erekle II-is mier ruseTTan
xelSekrulebis gaformebiTa da rusuli jaris gamoCeniT,
saerTo mtrobis piri Sekres erekles winaaRmdeg. mefes
zurgi aqcies aseve manamde misma mokavSire xanebmac. erT
dros misi Zveli megobari da erTguli SuSis xanic ki ere-
kles mtrad moekida.
2. erekle II-is xelisufleba mniSvnelovnad Sesustda
misami vasalur mdgomareobaSi myof saxanoebSi. mefis
morCilebaze uari ganacxada misma moxarke ganjis saxanom.
erekles Zalaufleba imdenad Seryeula erevanSic, rom igi
ukve bewvzec ki ekida.
3. erekle II-is qveSevrdomobaSi myofi muslimuri Temebi
(yazaxelebi, SamSadilelebi da Samqorelebi), romelTagan
qarTl-kaxeTis laSqari saimedo da arcTu umniSvnelo
Sevsebas iRebda, yarabaRSi gadaixvewnen da axla iqaur xans
daudgnen gverdSi erekles winaaRmdeg.
4. erekle II-s ukiduresad gaurTulda urTierToba os-
maleTTan (ruseT-osmaleTis 1768-74 wlebis omSi ruseTis
mxareze brZolis gamo masTan erTxel ukve gafuWebuli
urTierTobis mowesrigeba manamde erekles didi Zalisxme-
vis fasad moexerxebina), romlisTvisac ruseTi umTavresi
metoqe iyo regionSi. osmaleTma yvela saSualebiT daiwyo
qarTl-kaxeTis isedac SeSfoTebuli mahmadianuri samezob-
los amxedreba rusebis mokavSire qarTvelebis winaaRmdeg.
5. qarTl-kaxeTis winaaRmdeg muSavdeboda samxedro
gegma, romlis mixedviT, samefoze erTdroulad unda mie-
tanaT ieriSi axalcixis safaSodan da daRestnidan. sabolo-
od osmalTa waqezebiT, avariis xani daRestnelTa Zalebis
iSviaTi mobilizaciis Sedegad, 20 aTasiani jariT SemoiWra
saqarTveloSi, soflebisa da savargulebis garda, aaoxra
spilenZisa da vercxlis gadamamuSavebeli sawarmoebi (bur-
naSevi mxolod vercxlisas asaxelebs). daRestnelTa didi
laSqris mravalgzis dammarcxebelma erekle II-m ki amjerad
ver SeZlo omar-xanis SeCereba da SemdgomSi iZulebuli
gaxda, mas Zalze arasasurveli pirobebiT dazaveboda.
140 daviT merkvilaZe
sxvagan burnaSevi aRniSnavs, ra rom darejan dedofali,
romelic Tumca `imave saSiSroebis gamo (qarTlis taxtis
dakargvis SiSi _ d. m.) gadaixara ruseTTan traqtatis dade-
bisaken~, ris gamoc erekle II, igi `axla xelidan ar uSvebs
SemTxvevas, rom ar usayveduros mefes qveynis gaCanagebis
gamo~ [3:44-46]. aq rusi polkovniki dedoflis politikuri
orientaciis cvlilebis garda, misdauneburad iribad mi-
uTiTebs, rom ruseTis mfarvelobaSi Sesvlam samefos md-
gomareobaze yovelmxriv uaryofiTad imoqmeda da `qveynis
gaCanageba~ gamoiwvia.
p. potiomkini ki rusuli jaris saqarTvelodan gayvanis
Taobaze burnaSevisadmi mimarTul orderSi pirdapiri
daskvnis saxiT aRiarebs, rom rusuli batalionebis Sey-
vanam erekle II-s araTu raime politikuri sargebloba ar
moutana, metic, mxolod mtrebi moumravla qveyanas: `Cveni
batalionebis yofniT mefes meti mteri hyavda~ da maTi
gamoyvanis Semdeg ki `igi Svebas igrZnobs mtrebis Tavmoy-
risagan~ [18:29].
maSasadame, qarTl-kaxeTis samefos politikuri mdgoma-
reoba georgievskis traqtatis dadebis Semdeg mniSvnelov-
nad Seicvala da Seicvala mxolod ukiduresad uaryofiTi
mimarTulebiT. amas cxadad adasturebs: 1. samefoSi Seqmni-
li umZimesi viTareba; 2. movlenebis Tanadrouli qarTve-
li istorikosebis monacemebi; 3. erekle II-isa da ruseTSi
qarTveli elCis, g. WavWavaZis werilebi; 4. da bolos, amis
Taobaze erTmniSvnelovnad da gulaxdilad miuTiTeben
(cxadia, mxolod Sida moxmarebis dokumentebSi) Tavad
ruseTis imperiis imdroindeli mesveurebic, romlebic
uSualod monawileobdnen aRniSnuli xelSekrulebis momz-
adebis, gaformebisa da ganxorcielebis procesSi.
 1783 wlis georgievskis traqtatis Sedegebi 141
gamoyenebuli wyaroebi da literatura
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Davit Merkviladze
The Outcome of Signing the Georgiyevsk Treaty by the
Kingdom of Kartli and Kakheti (1783-1787)
Summary

On July 24, 1783, the treaty signed in Georgiyevsk between the King-
dom of Kartli and Kakheti and the Russian Empire, radically changed
political situation in the region. The Ottoman Empire was outraged as
Erekle II came under Russian subordination and Russian troops arrived
in his kingdom.
Encouraged by the Ottomans, Dagestan’s leaders permanently raided
East Georgia. The Dagestani raiders used to find their shelter in the terri-
tory of Akhaltsikhe (Ahiska) eyalet, from where they attacked the Georgian
kingdom.
After the arrival of Russian troops in Kartli-Kakheti, Azerbaijani khans
got afraid that they could lose their power and Islam also would be threat-
144 daviT merkvilaZe
ened in their khanates. The khans’ fear was exacerbated by the Ottoman
envoys. As a result, khan of Ganja refused to obey king Erekle II, and the
king‘s dominance over the Yerevan khanate was also extremely weakened.
Erekle‘s former loyal and reliable political ally - the khan of Karabakh
joined the enemies of Erekle II. King Erekle was left without his Muslim
allies. Erekle II‘s political influence and authority quickly decreased with
the loss of allies and increased frequency of raids of the Dagestanians.
In 1785, the intervention of Omar-Khan‘s troops in eastern Georgia
showed the weakness of the Kartli-Kakheti Kingdom being in Russia‘s
protection. Omar Khan‘s army destroyed silver and copper mining enter-
prises. As a result, the State Treasury lost its important source of income.
Increasing raids of Dagestanis significantly deteriorated economic potential
of the state. The rapid decline in trade began. Most of the merchants moved
their funds, and relocated business to Russia. Agricultural production de-
creased. The population of villages decreased; commodity production in
the country decreased, and the population of the kingdom got impoverished
and reduced in number. The reduction of human and economic resources
had badly affected the defense capabilities of the country.
The envoy of Erekle II to Russia, Garsevan Chavchavadze in his report
to Gr. Potemkin pointed out the political and economic losses that Kartli-
Kakheti Kingdom had experienced after entering protectorate of Russia.
No single request of Erekle II to get a loan for hiring troops or sending
additional military forces from Russia was satisfied. The letters of King
Erekle addressed to high Russian officials, as well as the ones written by
his envoy in St. Petersburg G. Chavchavadze are indicative of the difficult
situation in the Kingdom of Kartli and Kakheti. Disappointment of the
king and his reprimands against the „protectors“ is expressed in the letters.
Situation in the Kingdom of Kartli and Kakheti after signing the protec-
tion treaty with Russian empire was described in detail by the authorized
representative of Russia to Erekle II‘s court S. Burnashev. He could not
name a single positive benefit received by Georgia from Russia after
signing the Treaty with her, following the arrival of Russian troops to the
country, and listed a number of negative consequences.