qarTuli samefo-samTavroebis urTierToba ruseTTan

XV_XVIII saukuneebSi

saqarTvelo-ruseTis urTierToba X-XI saukuneebidan iwyeba. Zveli rusuli saistorio wyaros cnobiT, 1154
wels rusma mTavarma iziaslav mstislavis Zem colad SeirTo saqarTvelos mefis, demetre I-is (1125-1156)
asuli. 1185 wels Tamar mefem (1184-1213) iqorwina rus ufliswulze _ iuri bogoliubskize. es dinastiuri
qorwinebebi cxadyofen, rom am dros saqarvelo maRali donis qveynad iTvleboda da masTan dakavSirebas rusi
mTavrebi pativad Tvlidnen.
ruseT-saqarTvelos politikurma urTierTobebma intensiuri xasiaTi XV saukunidan miiRo.
XV s-is II naxevarSi erTiani saqarTvelo daiSala. TiToeul politikur erTeuls Tavisi geografiuli
mdebareobis da saSinao viTarebis mixedviT, sagareo safrTxeebis Tavidan asacileblad, gansxvavebuli sagareo
politika hqonda SemuSavebuli.
kaxeTis mefeebma XV saukunis bolos daiwyes diplomatiuri urTierTobis damyareba ruseTis mefe-
mTavrebTan. maT dainaxes ruseTis mzardi interesebi kavkasiaSi da scades misi gamoyeneba lekTa
Tavdasxmebis asalagmavad. Aam dros ruseTi monRol-TaTarTa batonobisagan ganTavisuflda (1480w.), misi
diplomatebi da vaWrebi saqarTvelos mezobel SarvanSic gamoCndnen.
1555 wels sparseT-osmaleTs Soris dadebulma amasiis zavma samxreT kavkasiaSi viTareba gaarTula.
Aam zaviT sparseTma aRmosavleT saqarTvelo miiRo, osmaleTma ki dasavleT saqarTvelo daisakuTra.
Ggamwvavebul politikur situacias kaxeTis mefeebma ruseTTan diplomatiuri urTierTobis gaaqtiurebiT
upasuxes. maT am pozicias ganapirobebda geografiuli faqtoric: kaxeTis samefos sazRvrebi daRestnamde
gadadioda, ruseTi ki ivane IV-is dros gaxda volgispireTis mflobeli. astraxanis saxanos dakavebiT misi
sazRvrebi kaxeTis samefos mouaxlovda. garTulda ruseTis osmaleTTan urTierTobac. ivane IV-m diplomatiuri
kavSiri gaaba kaxeTis mefe levanTan (1520-1574). manve, 1564 wels, mdinare Tergisa da sunjas
SesarTavTan aago cixe-simagre da Sig jari Caayena. Tumca osmaleTma omis muqariT aiZula ruseTi, jari
gaeyvana Tergis cixidan.
osmaleTis winaaRmdeg samxreT kavkasiaSi mokavSiris maZiebelma ruseTis mefe Tevdore ivanes Zem
1585 wels kaxeTSi Tavisi elCi – rusin danilovi gamogzavna. ruseTis xelmwifem diplomati sagangebod
gaafrTxila, rom kaxeTTan daaxlovebis saqmeSi moskovis iniciativaze xma ar amoeRo. iniciativa kaxeTis
mefes unda gamoeCina, elCs unda daerwmunebina igi, rom rusTa xelmwifesTan politikuri kavSiri da
mfarveloba eTxova. winadadeba kaxeTis interesebsac exmianeboda. Aamitom, kaxeTis mefe aleqsandre II-m
(1574-1605) rus diplomatebTan daiwyo molaparakeba, rac 1587 wlis 28 seqtembers, `ficis wignis~
gaformebiT damTavrda. dokumentis teqsti moskovSi Seadgines. 1589 wels ruseTis mefem kaxeTis mefes
gamougzavna `wyalobis sigeli~, romelmac daadastura `ficis wigniT~ gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebi. amiT es
xelSekruleba orive mxridan damtkicda.
xelSekrulebiT ruseTs unda daecva kaxeTi daRestnelTa da sxva dampyroblebis Semosevebisagan. ruseTis
mefeebi 1593 wlidan TavianT titulaturaSi ukve moixseniebdnen Tavs `qarTvel mefeTa iveriis miwebis
mflobelad~. kaxeTis mefeTa ruseTisken swrafva ar moswonda sparseTs, romelmac daasrula omi osmaleTTan,
1590 wels zavi dado, daiwyo reformebis gatareba da regionSi kvlav Zlier qveynad gadaiqca. sparseTs am dros
Sah-abas I marTavda (1587-1629), romlis mizani amasiis zavis pirobebis aRdgena iyo.
sparseTis Sahi Tavidan QdadebiTad Sexvda kaxeT-ruseTis kavSirs, radgan ruseTic da kaxeTic saqmes
ise warmoadgendnen, TiTqos osmaleTis winaaRmdeg erTiandebodnen. sabolood sparseTi, ra Tqma unda, ar
apirebda kaxeTis samefos daTmobas da ruseTTan misi diplomatiuri urTierTobis atanas. Sah abas I-is
davalebiT, 1605 wels, rus elCebTan Sexvedrisas aleqsandre II, umcros vaJTan giorgisTan erTad, mokla
sakuTarma Svilma _ gamahmadianebulma konstantinem, romelmac Tavi kaxeTis mefed gamoacxada, magram
mxolod erTi weli imefa. kaxelebma ar igues Zmisa da mamis mkvleli mefe, qeTevan dedoflis

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xelmZRvanelobiT ajanydnen da konstantine mokles. Sah-abasi iZulebuli gaxda kaxeTis taxtze ajanyebuli
dedoflis vaJi, Teimuraz I (1606-1648) daemtkicebina. misi mefobis dros Sah-abasma udidesi erovnuli tragedia
daatexa Tavs rogorc qarTlisa da kaxeTis samefoebs, aseve piradad mefe Teimuraz I_is ojaxs: yizilbaSebma
uamravi qarTveli amoxoces, uamravi samSoblos mowyvites da sparseTSi gaasaxles, wamebiT aResrulen
mefis vaJiSvilebi da deda _ qeTevan dedofali...
urTulesi sagareo-politikuri viTarebis pirobebSi, sparseTis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi Teimuraz I-ma scada
ruseTTan diplomatiuri urTierTobis ganaxlebac. 1635 wels man elCebi gagzavna moskovSi da samxedro
daxmareba iTxova. ruseTidan mxolod umniSvnelo saCuqrebi da dapireba mouvida. mas ruseTis mefisadmi
erTgulebis ficis dadeba mosTxoves. Teimurazma ganaaxla aleqsandre II-is `ficis wigni~. 1653 wels man
moskovSi, aleqsi mixeilis Ze romanovis karze, aRsazrdelad SviliSvili erekle gagzavna (mas ruseTSi nikoloz
daviTis Zes uwodebdnen). ramdenime wlis Semdeg Tavadac Cavida moskovSi, Tumca realuri daxmareba
mefe aleqsisgan ver miiRo. Teimuraz I-is politikurma memkvidreebmac ver SeZles sparsul-osmaluri agresiis
winaaRmdeg ruseTis gamoyeneba. am dros ruseTis mTavar amocanad iTvleboda baltiispireTis, dasavleT
belorusiisa da poloneTis, Savi da azovis zRvis sanapiroebis, yirimis saxanos dapyroba. amiT is
upirispirdeboda ara marto osmaleTis imperias, aramed evropis did qveynebsac.
amrigad, kaxeTis mefeebis diplomatiuri nabijebi ruseTTan dasawyisSive warumatebeli gamodga.
pirveli seriozuli samarTlebrivi dokumenti kaxeTis samefosa da ruseTs Soris _ `wigni ficisa~, romelic
ruseTis mier saqarTvelos dapyrobamde TiTqmis ori saukuniT adre daido, ar yofila realurad moqmedi
xelSekruleba. ruseTi Sefarulad moqmedebda: kaxeTis samefos mfarvelobas da daxmarebas pirdeboda,
sinamdvileSi ki, misi dapyroba surda. ruseTis cbieri diplomatia Tavidanve agebuli iyo
erTmorwmuneobaze da qarTvelebis gamoyenebaze kavkasiis dapyrobaSi. Sah-abasis laSqrobebi da mis
mier datrialebuli tragedia qarTlisa da kaxeTis samefoebis rusuli orientaciis Sedegi iyo.

ruseTTan urTierTobaSi kidev ufro didi politikuri marcxi ganicada qarTlis samefom. XVI_XVII
saukuneebSi is Tavganwirulad ebrZoda sparseT-osmaleTis agresias. amis Sedegic iyo, rom sparseTma ver
SeZlo qarTlSi mefobis mospoba. marTalia, qarTvel mefeebs sarwmunoebas ucvlidnen, mefobasac Sahis
TanxmobiT aZlevdnen, magram bagrationTa samefo dinastiis uflebebi ar darRveula.
XVIII saukunis qarTlis gamoCenilma mefem, vaxtang VI-m, evropis qveynebis daxmarebiT scada
sparseTis agresiisgan Tavis daRweva. maSindel evropas saqarTvelos gamo sparseTTan dapirispireba ar surda.

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am mizeziT, vaxtangis maswavleblisa da didi qarTveli mwerlis _ sulxan-sabas diplomatiuri misia evropaSi
1713-1715 wlebSi uSedegod dasrulda.
1716 wels vaxtangi iZulebiT gamahmadianda, ris Semdegac sparseTis Sahma qarTlis mefis taxti misca.
Sahis amgvari Zaladoba autaneli iyo qarTveli patriotebisTvis. isini eZebdnen mokavSires
damoukideblobisaTvis brZolaSi. evropaSi marcxiani vizitis Semdeg vaxtang VI-m ruseTTan faruli
diplomatiuri urTierTobis damyareba daiwyo. 1712-1719 wlebSi sparseTSi myof vaxtangTan kavSiri ruseTis
elCma artem volinskim gaaba. es urTierToba elCs davalebuli hqonda ruseTis mefis petre I-isgan, romelic
warmatebiT ebrZoda Zlier evropul saxelmwifos _ SvedeTs. omSi gamarjvebam da imperiis sazRvrebis
CrdiloeTiT gafarToebam petres gauZliera rwmena, rom ruseTis sazRvrebs samxreTiTac gadaswevda.
amisTvis mas Wirdeboda osmaleTisa da sparseTis gandevna kaspiis da Savi zRvis sanapiroebidan.
artem volinskisagan sparseTidan miwodebuli cnobebiT, petrem gaigo, rom qarTvelebis samxedro Zala
sparseTSi mniSvnelovani iyo. yvela oms es qveyana qarTuli jariT igebs, Tu moisurveben da
gaerTiandebian, qarTvelebs ara marto Tavis ganTavisufleba SeuZliaT sparseTisgan, aramed misi
dapyrobaco, _ werda volinski. petre I-ma gadawyvita ocdaerTwlian omSi dasustebuli rusuli armia am jariT
gaemagrebina.
1721 wels damTavrda SvedeTTan omi, ruseTi imperiad gamocxadda, petre I ki misi pirveli imperatori
gaxda.
1722 wels ruseTma sparseTis winaaRmdeg samxedro kampania wamoiwyo, raSic vaxtang VI-is CarTvac
SeZlo. qarTlis mefesa da ruseTis imperators Tav-TavianTi interesebi amoZravebda, romelic nawilobriv
emTxveoda. orives mizani sparseTis ganadgureba iyo, magram gamarjvebis Semdeg vaxtangs, ruseTis
daxmarebiTa da mfarvelobiT, regionSi Zlieri qarTuli saxelmwifos Seqmna surda, petres ki kaspiispireTsa da
aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi gabatoneba. es ori interesi, saboloo jamSi, erTmaneTs gamoricxavda.
imdenad didi iyo petresadmi vaxtangis rwmena, rom man ar daujera samefo darbazs, qarTvel didebulebs,
_ gadaefiqrebina am laSqrobaSi monawileoba. mamis gadawyvetilebis winaaRmdegi iyo taxtis memkvidre
baqaric, romelic 1722 wlis martSi Sahis gvardiis sardlad dainiSna. vaxtangis imedi petres pirovnebasa da
erTmorwmuneobaze iyo agebuli. vaxtangs ver warmoedgina qristiani mefisgan Ralati.
1722 wlis ivlisSi petrem daiwyo laSqroba, xelT igdo kaspiis zRvis daRestnis sanapiro. masTan sakuTari
nebiT gamocxadebulma kaspiispireTis cixe-qalaqebis mmarTvelebma qveSevrdomoba aRuTqves. petre
mixvda, rom regionis damorCileba Zneli ar iyo, amas qarTuli jaris gareSec iolad moaxerxebda. Tumca isic
cxadi gaxda, rom ruseTi poziciebis ganmtkicebas jer ver SeZlebda: ar eyofoda sursaTi da furaJi, Tanac jarSi
epidemia gavrcelda. Ees ruseTis imperatorma laSqrobis Sewyvetis sababad gamoiyena (sinamdvileSi es
seriozuli epidemia ar yofila, ruseTis sardlobam gaiTvaliswina kaspiispireTis bunebrivi pirobebi,
medikamentebi winaswar moimaraga da laSqrobaSi mravalricxovani samedicino personalic wamoiyvana).
vaxtangis bedi mas ar anaRvlebda. qarTlis mefis marcxi da katastrofa ruseTisTvis xelsayrelic ki iyo,
radgan dasustebul qarTlis samefos ufro advilad daesakuTreboda.
vaxtang VI 30-aTasiani qarTuli da 10-aTasiani somxuri jariT ganjasTan idga da amaod eloda ruseTis
imperators. ori Tvis Semdeg qarTlis mefem gaigo, rom rusuli jari ukan gabrunda da erToblivi samxedro
kampania CaiSala. petres am gadawyvetilebam urTules viTarebaSi Caagdo igi: sparseTis Sahma ar apatia
ruseTTan dakavSireba da Ralati, waarTva mefoba da qarTlSi gamahmadianebuli kaxeTis mefe _ konstantine
dasva. Mmale osmalebic SemoiWrnen, 1724 wels maT konstantine taxtidan Camoagdes da qarTli arzrumis
faSas dauqvemdebares. Ddaxmarebis nacvlad, 1724 wels stambulSi dadebuli ruseT-osmaleTis zaviT ruseTis
imperatorma daadastura aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi osmalTa batonoba. am faqtmac aCvena ruseTis
dampyrobluri interesebi saqarTvelosadmi.

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 motyuebul vaxtangs osmalo-yizilbaSebis mier dakavebul da aoxrebul samefoSi aRar daedgomeboda da
1724 wels, didi amaliT (1200-1500 kaci) ruseTSi wavida. am amalaSi Sedioda TiTqmis yvela ganaTlebuli da
moazrovne qarTveli, ramac saqarTvelos kulturas, ganaTlebas da mecnierebas umZimesi dartyma miayena..
petre I-ma tragikul mdgomareobaSi myof vaxtang VI_s moskovSi cxovrebis uflebac ar misca. vaxtangma
mainc CaaRwia moskovs, Tumca imperatori gardacvlili daxvda, misma memkvidreebma ki araviTari
daxmareba ar gauwies. imedgacruebuli da damarcxebuli vaxtang VI astraxanSi dasaxlda, sadac gardaicvala
1737 wels.
ruseTis daxmarebas eZiebda qarTlis mefe Teimuraz II-c. 1753 wels man peterburgSi elCoba miavlina,
ruseTisgan mudmivi jaris ganaxlebaSi daxmareba da osmaleTisgan waqezebuli lekebis agresiis aRkveTa
iTxova. ruseTis samefo karze qarTvelebs dapirebebi misces, xolo konstantinopolSi ruseTis elCs _ aleqsei
obreskovs daavales, osmaleTi daerwmunebina, rom ruseTi saqarTvelos araviTar daxmarebas ar aRmouCenda.
daxmarebis xelaxali Txovnis mizniT, Teimuraz II 1760 wels Tavad Cavida moskovSi, magram misi elCobac
uSedegod dasrulda. gawbilebuli mefe ruseTSi gardaicvala, misma amalam astraxanSi gadaasvena Teimuraz II-
is neSti da vaxtang VI-is gverdiT, RvTismSoblis miZinebis taZarSi dakrZala. ruseTis `mfarvelobisa~ da
daxmarebis es gamocdileba hqonda vaxtangis SviliSvilsa da Teimuraz II-is vaJs, qarTl-kaxeTis mefes _ erekle
II-s. samwuxarod, ruseTTan urTierTobis es uaryofiTi gamocdileba gaTvaliswinebuli ar yofila misi drois rusul-
qarTul urTierTobebSi.
amrigad, petre I-is mier vaxtang VI-is Cabmam `baqo-darubandis~ laSqrobaSi, vaxtang VI-is
gadametebulma ndobam ruseTisadmi, romelTanac warmatebuli diplomatiuri urTierTobebis
gamocdileba manamde saqarTvelos ar hqonia, ruseTis Ralatma qveynisTvis damRupveli Sedegebi
moitana.
XVIII saukunis 20-30-ian wlebSi momxdarma `yizilbaSobam~ da `osmalobam~ qarTvel xalxs
Temur-lengis Semosevebze naklebi tragedia rodi daatexa Tavs. es Sedegi ki petre I-is mier
kaspiispireTSi dawyebuli laSqrobis Sewyvetas mohyva. ruseTis imperatorma arafrad CaTvala is
dapirebebi, romelsac qarTlis mefes Tavisi diplomatebis saSualebiT aZlevda, gamoCenil qarTvel mefesa
da sardals gadaadgmevina iseTi nabiji, rac saxelmwifoebriobis mospobis da erovnuli tragediis tolfasi
iyo. petre I_isTvis yvelaferze maRla rusuli imperiuli miznebi da ambiciebi dadga.
ruseTis mfarvelobis mosapoveblad osmaluri agresiisagan Sewuxebuli imereTis samefoc miiswrafvoda.
1649 wels imereTis mefem aleqsandre III-m da masTan TavSefarebulma kaxeTis mefe Teimuraz I-ma elCebi
gagzavnes ruseTSi. aleqsandre ruseTis mefes aRuwerda imereTs, morCilebas aRuTqvamda da mfarvelobas
iTxovda: Tqveni brwyinvalebis mefobis qveS yofna gvirCevnia uwmindurebis (osmalebis) xelSi yofnas,
elCebi gamogzavne Cveni adgilebis dasaTvaliereblado. aseT guluxv SeTavazebaze ruseTis mefe uars ar
ambobda, Tumca araviTar daxmarebaze ar fiqrobda.
ruseTis samefo karma sapasuxo elCoba mainc gamogzavna. elCebs _ aleqsi ievlievsa da nikifore
toloCanovs specialuri davaleba misces: aReweraT da SeeswavlaT imereTi. maT sazeimod daxvdnen quTaisSi.
ukan gabrunebulebs kvlav gaayoles imereli despanebi. am molaparakebebs imereTis samefosTvis realuri
Sedegi ar moutania.
1682 wels imereTis mefe arCil II moskovs Cavida. mefesa da poets _ arCils Tan mravali warCinebuli piri
axlda, romlebic misi saqarTveloSi dabrunebis Semdegac ruseTSi darCnen. SemdegSi maTma
STamomavlobam didi roli iTamaSa ruseTis istoriaSi, Tumca, imTaviTve iCina Tavi qarTuli gvar-saxelebis
rusificirebam da, xSirad, isini im zomamde damaxinjda, rom amocnobac ki Wirda (mag. zandukeli
`sandunovad~ iqca).
imereTis mefem aleqsandre V-m vaxtang VI-is elCs ruseTis mTavrobasTan Tavisi saxeliTac daavala
molaparakeba. 1724 wels imerTa mefem ruseTis mTavrobas weriliT mimarTa kapitan-poruCik giorgi dadianis

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meSveobiT. Mmefe ruseTs imereTis gaWirvebul mdgomareobas atyobinebda, misgan fulad daxmarebas da
petres Camosvlas iTxovda. A amave wels dadebulma ruseT-osmaleTis zavma da ruseTis mier osmaleTisTvis
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos gadacemam qarTvel mefeebs ruseTisken swrafvaze xeli ver aaRebina. dasavleT
evropa Sors iyo da misi daxmarebac ararealuri Canda, ruseTis politikuri interesebi amierkavkasiaSi ki naTlad
gamoikveTa. qarTvel mefeTa azriT, es interesebi qarTveli xalxis politikur miswrafebebs ar
ewinaaRmdegeboda.
1738 wels moskovSi Cavida imereTis mefis aleqsandre V-is elCi mitropoliti timoTe gabaSvili. is
cdilobda ara marto samxedro-strategiuli, aramed ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiTac daeinteresebina ruseTi,
ramdenime madnis nimuSic hqonda Catanili, magram es cdac uSedego aRmoCnda. ruseTi osmaleTTan oms,
imereTis gamo, ar apirebda.
ruseTTan urTierToba kidev ufro gaRrmavda solomon I-is mefobisas. 1768 wels man ruseTSi gagzavna
sagangebo uflebiT aRWurvili elCi maqsime quTaTeli. ruseTis imperatorma ekaterine II-m da misma
mrCevlebma osmaleTTan mimdinare omSi (1768-1774) saqarTvelos CarTva Tavis sasargeblod miiCnies da
jaric gamogzavnes general totlebenis meTaurobiT. qarTl-kaxeTisa da imereTis mefeebi _ erekle II da
solomon I didi imediT Sexvdnen rusuli jaris Semosvlas, maT TavianTi saxelmwifoebrivi interesebi
hqondaT, ruseTs ki Savi zRvis sanapiros dapyroba da iq Tavisufali naosnobis uflebis mopoveba surda.
`urwmunoebisagan qristianebis dacvis~ idea imperiuli farsi iyo, riTac ruseTi Tavis dapyrobiT omebs
amarTlebda.
XVII saukunidan ruseTTan urTierToba hqondaT da misgan mfarvelobas iTxovdnen qarTuli
samTavroebic. maT TxovnaSi xSirad Canda SinauTanxmoeba, samefo-samTavroebs Soris mtroba da qiSpi.
feodaluri separatizmiT ganmsWvaluli mTavrebi zogjer ruseTs ara marto mahmadianuri agresiis Tavidan
asacileblad, aramed erTmaneTTan angariSis gasasworebladac mimarTavdnen. aseTi viTareba Cveulebrivia
feodaluri xanis qveynebisTvis, magram saqarTvelosTvis gansakuTrebiT mZime iyo, radgan mezobeli
imperiebi qarTvelebs Soris uTanxmoebas kidev ufro aRvivebdnen, asustebdnen qveyanas da
SinauTanxmoebas mis dasapyrobad iyenebdnen.
Aamrigad, XVI_XVIII saukuneebSi, damoukideblobisaTvis mebrZolma qarTulma samefoebma
dasaxuli miznis misaRwevad sagareo Zalebis gamoyeneba scades. maT daxmarebisaTvis ramdenjerme
mimarTes dasavleT evropis qveynebs, romlebmac saqarTvelosadmi araviTari interesi ar gamoiCines.
sparseT-osmaleTis gavlenaSi moqceuli saqarTvelos mxardaWera am saxelmwifoebTan saomar
dapirispirebas niSnavda, rasac dasavluri samyaro erideboda. Aimavdroulad, sul ufro aqtiurdeboda
ruseTis kavkasiuri politika. cxadi gaxda, rom osmaleTisa da sparseTis batonobas Savsa da kaspiis
zRvebze ruseTi didxans ar Seurigdeboda, Mmas Semdeg, rac imperia CrdiloeTiT da dasavleTiT
gafarTovda, misi sazRvrebi samxreTiTac gadmoiwevda. aseT viTarebaSi qarTveli politikosebisaTvis
ruseTi sasurvel mokavSired, dasavlur samyarosTan damakavSirebel gzad Canda. isini Seecadnen
ruseTis gegmebi TavianT sasargeblod gamoeyenebinaT, masTan erTad ebrZolaT da sparseT-
osmaleTis batonobisagan Tavi misi daxmarebiT gaenTavisuflebinaT. rusi mefeebi qarTvelebs
daxmarebas pirdebodnen, magram pirobas arasodes asrulebdnen. bunebrivia, uTanasworo brZolebSi
dasustebuli saqarTvelos dapyroba ruseTs ufro gauadvildeboda.
Tavi II. erekle II-is sagareo-politikuri orientacia da ruseTi; georgievskis traqtati

XVIII s-is 60-70-ian wlebSi ruseTi cdilobs saqarTvelos samefoebis osmaleTis winaaRmdeg
gamoyenebas; amierkavkasiis frontze agzavnis general totlebens, romelsac erekle II-is winaaRmdeg
moqmedebis saidumlo instruqciasac aZlevs; ruseTi ar asrulebs qarTl-kaxeTis mefis Txovnas jaris qveyanaSi
datovebis Taobaze; XVIII s-is 80-iani wlebis dasawyisSi ruseTi aaqtiurebs aRmosavleTis politikas da
amierkavkasiis gadaudebel dapyrobas gegmavs; qarTl-kaxeTis samefosTan traqtatis gaformebis iniciativasac

5
ruseTi iCens; formdeba saerTaSoriso samarTalze dayrdnobiT gamarTuli dokumenti; qarTl-kaxeTis samefo
Sedis erTmorwmune ruseTis mfarvelobaSi; dokumenti ar asaxavs ori Tanasworuflebiani qveynis
urTierTobas; saqarTvelo sagareo politikaSi kargavs suverenitets, magram saSinao politikaSi
damoukideblobas inarCunebs; rusuli orientaciis qarTveli politikosebi zeimoben; maTi oponentebi Riad
gamoxataven ukmayofilebas qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis dakninebis gamo; male ruseTi traqtatsac iviwyebs,
xelSekrulebis mixedviT saqarTvelos dasacavad Semoyvanili rusuli jari gahyavs da mfarvelobaSi ayvanil
samefos gareSe mtrebis pirispir marto tovebs; qarTl-kaxeTis ruseTTan politikuri kavSiriT gaRizianebuli
mahmadianuri qveynebi mravalgzis aoxreben qveyanas; ruseTi, daxmarebis nacvlad, maT `mfarvelobaSi~
ayvanili qveynis winaaRmdeg aqezebs; dasustebuli saqarTvelo ruseTisTvis gacilebiT advili dasapyrobi
gaxdeba.

1. ruseT-osmaleTis 1768-1774 wlebis omi da saqarTvelo.

1768 wels ruseTisa da osmaleTis imperiebs Soris daiwyo omi. yirimisa da evropis frontze osmalebis
zewola rom Seemcirebina, ruseTma gadawyvita fronti kavkasiaSic gaexsna. ruseTma erekle II-sa da imereTis
mefe solomon I-s osmalebTan omisken mouwoda.
erekle II-is mizans warmoadgenda osmaleTis dapyrobili samxreT saqarTvelos istoriuli mxareebis
dabruneba, kaxeTis soflebze lekebis TareSis aRkveTa da centraluri xelisuflebis ganmtkicebiT urCi feodalebis
alagmva. imereTis mefe solomon I-ic ruseTis daxmarebiT gegmavda osmaluri agresiis Tavidan acilebas da
`tyveTa syidvis~ aRkveTas.
1769 wlis 21 maiss TbilisSi imereTis mefe solomon I Cavida. qarTveli mefeebi erTobliv moqmedebaze
SeTanxmdnen. maT egonaT, rom ruseTi kavkasiaSi sakmaod did Zalebs gamogzavnida. erekle mefe sul cota _
5-7 polks moiTxovda, magram aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi mxolod 400-mde rusi jariskaci Camovida.
mogvianebiT amas daemata askaciani avangardi totlebenis meTaurobiT. Ees Zala dasaxuli miznis
ganxorcielebas minimaluradac ver uzrunvelyofda. aqedan Canda, rom ruseTis xelisuflebis gegmiT, omi
kavkasiaSi mTlianad qarTul jars unda etvirTa.
1769 wlis 29 agvistos sofel xodasTan erekle II totlebens Sexvda. Mman rus generals imperatorisagan
xuTiaTasiani damxmare jaris, aseve saartilerio saqmisa da samTo specialistebis gamogzavna moTxova. 3
oqtombers totlebenma imereTis jarTan erTad Sorapnis cixeze miitana ieriSi. rusma generalma oTxi dRis
Semdeg miatova cixe da qarTlSi gadavida. 1769 wlis 22 oqtombers ekaterine II_m brZaneba gasca, rom
saqarTveloSi 3700 rusi meomari gaegzavnaT.
dainaxa ra ruseTis mier gadadgmuli realuri nabijebi, erekle II Caeba osmaleTTan omSi. 1770 wlis 17
aprils mefe erekles meTaurobiT qarTvelTa SvidiaTasiani da general totlebenis rusTa 1200-kaciani jari awyurs
miadga. gegmis mixedviT, mokavSireebs, awyuris aRebis Semdeg axalcixisTvis unda SeetiaT. 19 aprils
generalma totlebenma moulodnelad miatova qarTveli mokavSireebi da jarianad gaecala brZolis vels. 20 aprils
erekle II-m aspinZasTan marto Seutia osmalTa 8-aTaskacian korpuss da, Tavisi brwyinvale samxedro taqtikis
wyalobiT, mTlianad gaanadgura. samwuxarod, am gamarjvebiT qarTvelebma ver isargebles, maT kargad
aRWurvili osmalebis mier gamagrebuli axalcixis aReba ver gariskes, radgan ar icodnen rusi generlis gegmebi.
erekle totlebens daedevna, romelic qarTlis mosaxleobas mis winaaRmdeg amxedrebda da ruseTis imperatoris
erTgulebaze aficebda.
SemdegSi totlebeni ruseTidan Camosuli 4000 jariskaciT dasavleT saqarTveloSi gadavida da iqac qarTuli
interesebis sawinaaRmdegod moqmedebda. marTalia, ekaterine II-m is saqarTvelodan gaiwvia, magram ar
dausjia. piriqiT, mogvianebiT daajildova kidec. cxadi iyo, rom generali xelisuflebis instruqciiT moqmedebda.
imperatoris gareSe im zomis TviTnebobas, rac saqarTveloSi Caidina, totlebeni ver gabedavda. imperatorma

6
ukmayofileba mefe ereklesadmic gamoTqva, radgan man ruseTis saeqspedicio korpusis oficrebs sardlis Secvla
moTxova.
totlebenis nacvlad saqarTveloSi generali suxotini gamogzavnes. suxotins daevala qarTvel mefeTa
ZalebiT diversiebis mowyoba osmalebisaTvis da aekrZala regularuli samxedro operaciebi, mizezad dasaxelda
is, rom `osmaleTisgan mitacebuli qarTuli miwebis SemoerTeba am dros ruseTs saWirod ar miaCnda~.
suxotini 1771 wlis maisSi Camovida saqarTveloSi. Ejer erekle II_s Sexvda, Semdeg ki quTaisSi
gaemgzavra, sadac rusTa korpusi idga. suxotinma ar daujera erekle mefes, romelsac zafxulis pirobebSi foTis
WaobebSi brZola araxelsayrelad miaCnda da foTze laSqroba daiwyo. EruseTis jari mZime mdgomareobaSi
aRmoCnda. cieb-cxelebiT daavadda 2 aTasamde jariskaci da Tavad sardalic. amasTanave, suxotini, totlebenis
msgavsad, ganagrZobda intrigebs qarTvel mefeTa winaaRmdeg. suxotinma foTs alya moxsna da 1772 wlis
ivnisSi saqarTveloc datova.
Aamrigad, ruseT-osmaleTis omma erekle II, misi Canafiqris ganxorcielebis nacvlad, umZimes
mdgomareobaSi Caagdo. Ggeneral totlebenis saqcielma da xelisuflebisgan misma dausjelobam, aseve
suxotinis moqmedebam cxadyo ruseTis namdvili miznebi saqarTvelos mimarT. osmaleTTan saomar
mdgomareobaSi aRmoCenilma erekle II-m omis damTavrebamde ekaterine II-sa da ruseTis sagareo
saqmeTa kolegiis ufross graf nikita panins ramdenime nota gaugzavna, _ ar gaeyvana jari
saqarTvelodan. miuxedavad amisa, ruseTis samefo kari da kolegia gulgrilad moekida erekles Txovnebs.
1772 wels, imperatoris brZanebiT, jari saqarTvelodan gavida. qarTl-kaxeTica da dasavleT saqarTveloc
sakuTari Zalebis moimeded darCa. amiT ruseTma saqarTvelo osmalTa aSkara SurisZiebisa da
TareSisTvis gaswira. kidev erTxel dadasturda, rom ruseTs srulebiT ar aRelvebda kavkasiis xalxebisa
da qveynebis bedi.

2. 1783 wlis georgievskis traqtati

ruseT-osmaleTis omisa da 1772 wels rusuli jaris ukan gawvevis Semdeg, erekle II-m scada sakuTari
diplomatiuri svle-biT moegvarebina urTierTobebi saSiS mezoblebTan. 1776 wels qarTl-kaxeTis samefom
xelSekruleba dado osmaleTTan, mSvidobiani urTierToba daamyara kavkasiis musliman mTielebTan. am
droisTvis qarTl-kaxeTis saxelmwifo kvlavindeburad uZlieresi iyo samxreT kavkasiaSi. Tumca es
mdgomareoba droebiTi iyo da muslimi mezoblebisgan mudmiv mSvidobas saqarTveloSi aravin eloda.
XVIII saukunis 70-80-iani wlebis mijnaze kavkasiis aRmosavleT nawilSi erTmaneTs sami saxelmwifos:
sparseTis, osmaleTis da ruseTis imperiis interesebi daupirispirda. qarTl-kaxeTis samefos didi arCevani ar
hqonda: evropul civilizaciasTan axlos mdgom qristianul ruseTs TiTqos alternativa arc gaaCnda. erekle mefe
1781 wels Seecada daxmareba eZebna evropaSic. man italieli misionerebis xeliT werilebi gaugzavna avstriis
imperators_iozef II-s, veneciis respublikis doJs, safrangeTis, sardiniis, neapolis mefeebsa da romis paps. qarTl-
kaxeTis mefe jaris reorganizaciisTvis fulad daxmarebas iTxovda da sanacvlod, osmaleTTan konfliqtis
SemTxvevaSi, am qveynebs mokavSireobas hpirdeboda. 1782 wels, paralelurad, man daxmareba ekaterine II-
sac Txova. im dros evropas kavkasiaSi strategiuli interesebi naklebad hqonda, amitom ar dainteresebula
erekles notebiT, magram ruseTisaTvis es mainc mniSvnelovani gafrTxileba iyo.
80-iani wlebis dasawyisSi ruseTSi politikuri viTareba Seicvala. sagareo urTierTobebSi Zveli kursi
axalma Caanacvla. axali Taobis politikosebma gaaaqtiures `aRmosavleTis sakiTxi~ da am fonze kavkasiis
rolic win wamoswies. axali politikis sulisCamdgmeli iyo ekaterine meoris karze dawinaurebuli grigol
potiomkini, romelmac mniSvnelovan Tanamdebobebze Tavisi Tanamoazreni daniSna. mag.: aleqsandre
bezborodko _ sagareo saqmeTa kolegiis wevrad, sakuTari biZaSvili pavle potiomkini _ kavkasiis dacvis xazis
meTaurad. ruseTma Tvisebrivad Secvala politika kavkasiaSi, osmaleTTan dapirispirebis SemTxvevaSi da

7
aRmosavleTis qveynebTan vaWrobis ganviTarebisTvis saqarTvelos sasicocxlo mniSvneloba mieniWa. axali
politikuri da diplomatiuri xedva saqarTvelosa da kavkasiaSi sparseT-osmaleTis gavlenis aRkveTas da aq
ruseTis gabatonebas iTvaliswinebda. axali kavkasiuri politikis wyalobiT da imis SiSiT, rom evropeli
monarqebi ar Careuliyvnen kavkasiis saqmeebSi, ekaterine II-m aleqsandre bezborodkosa da grigol
potiomkins qarTl-kaxeTisa da imereTis samefoebTan xelSekrulebis gaformeba ubrZana. grigol potiomkinma
imereTTan amgvari kavSiri naadrevad miiCnia da pavle potiomkins mianiWa uflebamosileba qarTl-kaxeTTan
gaeformebina mfarvelobiTi traqtati.
peterburgi aRmosavleT saqarTvelos sTavazobda Tavad eTxova ruseTis mfarvelobaSi Sesvla. am
sakiTxis mosagvareblad pavle potiomkinma 1782 wlis Semodgomaze TavisTan gamoiZaxa erekles karze
myofi eqimi da ufliswulTa aRmzrdeli, warmoSobiT ungreli, iakob rainegsi, uboZa mas polkovnikis Cini da
misca saidumlo davaleba _ waeqezebina erekle II ruseTisTvis mfarveloba eTxova. ruseTis saimperatoro karis
davalebiT, amave sakiTxze, erekle mefis dasarwmuneblad didi muSaoba gaswia somexma arqiepiskoposma
ioseb arRuTinskimac. sinamdvileSi, ruseTi araTu exmareboda qarTl-kaxeTis samefos, aramed mxars uWerda
da aqezebda erekle mefis winaaRmdeg ganwyobil Zalebs. erekles yvelaze didi mowinaaRmdege da qarTlis
taxtis maZi-ebeli iyo vaxtang VI-is SviliSvili _ aleqsandre baqaris Ze, romelsac erekles rusuli politikiT
ukmayofilo faTali xanic SeuerTda. ruseTma akrZala qarTveli mefeebis mier CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi jaris
daqiraveba, riTac arsebiTi dartyma miayena qarTl-kaxeTis samefos samxedro Zlierebas. 1781 wels
moulodnelad gardaicvala erekle meoris vaJi levan batoniSvili, romelic saTaveSi edga qarTuli jaris
reorganizacias. es didi dartyma iyo ara marto samefo ojaxis, aramed mTeli samefosTvis. arsebulma viTarebam
mefe erekle, romelic ruseTis mimarT ukve imedgacruebuli iyo, aiZula savalalo nabiji gadaedga: 1782 wlis 21
dekembers man SeimuSava dokumenti, romelic mimarTuli iyo ruseTis imperatorisadmi, da aRmosavleT
saqarTvelos mfarvelobaSi miRebas iTvaliswinebda. Aam dokumentis mixedviT, ruseTis saimperatoro karma,
garkveuli cvlilebebiT, axali xelSekrulebis teqsti Seadgina.
1783 wlis 24 ivliss Crdilo kavkasiis cixe-simagre georgievskSi (cixe-simagre grigol potiomkinis mier
kavkasiis sasazRvro zolis gasamagreblad aigo 1770 wels) gaformda saerTaSoriso xelSekruleba _ traqtati.
ruseTis mxridan traqtats xeli moawera pavle potiomkinma, qarTl-kaxeTis samefos mxridan ki _ ioane
muxranbatonma da garsevan WavWavaZem.
traqtati 13 ZiriTadi da 4 saidumlo muxlisagan Sedgeboda. mas erTvoda ficis teqsti da damatebiTi muxli
qarTl-kaxeTis mefis kurTxevis wesis Sesaxeb.
georgievskis traqtatiT qarTl-kaxeTis mefe scnobda ruseTis imperatoris uzenaes uflebas. samefos
saTaveSi rCeboda mefe erekle II da misi STamomavloba. qarTl-kaxeTis mefes amtkicebda ruseTis
imperatori, romelic ugzavnida mas samefo niSnebs. amieridan qarTl-kaxeTis samefo sagareo politikas
ruseTisagan damoukideblad veRar awarmoebda. mefes ufleba ar hqonda, imperatoris nebarTvis
gareSe, urTierToba daemyarebina sxva saxelmwifoebTan. qarTl-kaxeTis mefe valdebuli iyo,
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, daxmareboda ruseTs.
rac Seexeba saSinao saqmeebs, qarTl-kaxeTi damoukidebeli rCeboda, ruseTi qarTl-kaxeTis
saSinao saqmeebSi ar Caereoda. Tavis mxriv, ruseTis imperia saqarTvelos saukuno mfarvelobas
kisrulobda, risTvisac qarTuli jaris gansamtkiceblad da saqarTvelos dasacavad aq mudmivad eyoleboda
ori batalioni qveiTi jari oTxi zarbazniT. omis SemTxvevaSi, ruseTi saWiro samxedro daxmarebas
gazrdida. imperatori pirobas debda, rom yovel Rones ixmarda, raTa saqarTvelos dabruneboda mtrebisgan
mitacebuli yvela kuTxe da mxare.
georgievskis traqtatSi imTaviTve iyo Cadebuli qarTuli saxelmwifos dapyrobis gegma. es Canda Semdegi
punqtebidan: taxtze asul qarTvel mefes qveyana mxolod imperatorisa da misi karis karnaxiT unda emarTa;
Tanamdebobebze daniSvnisas gaeTvaliswinebina pretendentis rusuli orientacia; faqtobrivad uqmdeboda

8
qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalia. yuradReba aravin miaqcia qarTuli mxaris moTxovnas kaTalikosis taxtis
SenarCunebaze. ruseTis SemoTavazebul proeqtSi qarTveli mRvdelmTavari ruseTis samRvdeloebis ierarqiaSi
meoTxe adgils ikavebda, Tumca, damtkicebul variantSi misi mdgomareoba kidev ufro daemcro da man merve
adgilze gadainacvla. qarTuli eklesiis amgvari damcroba qarTveli eris katastrofis tolfasi iyo, radgan,
saukuneebis manZilze swored qarTuli eklesia iyo eris sulierad da fizikurad SemduRabebeli da gadamrCeni.
qarTveli mefeebi eklesiis saSinao saqmeebSi ar ereodnen, eklesia ki saxelmwifos siZlieris burji iyo. amgvar
damoukideblobas moklebuli rusuli marTlmadidebeli eklesia, petre I_dan moyolebuli, saxelmwifos politikur
danamats warmoadgenda. qarTuli eklesiac amieridan rusuli eklesiis nawili xdeboda da sinodis mmarTvelobaSi
gadadioda. Tumca, mdgomareoba rom ar gamwvavebuliyo da erekles uari ar eTqva traqtatze, iqve iyo
ganmarteba, rom qarTl-kaxeTis saeklesio marTvisa da sinodTan urTierTobis Taobaze calke
SeTanxmeba unda momxdariyo. amgvari SeTanxmeba aRar momxdara, rac kidev erTxel mowmobs rusuli
diplomatiis TviTnebobasa da qarTl-kaxeTis samefos interesTa ignorirebas.
amrigad, georgievskis traqtatis Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos samefo ruseTis mfarvelobaSi Sedioda.
suverenitets igi nawilobriv _ sagareo politikaSi kargavda. traqtati, zogadad, ar warmoadgenda ori
Tanasworuflebiani qveynis urTierTobis amsaxvel dokuments. qarTl-kaxeTis samefosTvis es ukan
gadadgmuli nabiji iyo, magram am droindeli saerTaSoriso samarTlis mixedviT, is saxelmwifoebriv
statuss mainc inarCunebda. rusi istorikosebis mtkiceba, rom qarTvelma mefeebma Tavad gadasces
ruseTs qveyana, ar Seesabameba istoriul sinamdviles. arcerT qarTvel mefes uari ar uTqvams Tavis
samefoze da taxti ruseTisTvis ar gadaucia. SezRuduli suvereniteti saxelmwifoebriobis gauqmebas ar
niSnavs da mZime politikuri movlenebis fonze, maSindeli saerTaSoriso samarTlis normebiT, amgvari
xelSekrulebis gaformeba normaluri movlena iyo. Tumca ruseTma daiviwya es dokumentic, misi
samokavSireo valdebulebanic da 1801 wels saokupacio jariT Semosulma Zaladobrivad daipyro da
nawil-nawil miitaca saqarTvelo, gaauqma mravalsaukunovani bagrationebis samefo saxli, rac manamde
arcerT dampyrobels ar gaukeTebia.

3. qarTl-kaxeTi 1783 wlis traqtatis Semdeg

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 traqtatis gaformebis Semdeg qarTl-kaxeTis samefos sasikeTod bevri araferi Secvlila. marTalia,
ruseTma 2 batalioni gamogzavna, magram es Zala samefos dasacavad sakmarisi ar iyo. erekle mefis
rusulma orientaciam bevri qarTveli didebuli gaaRiziana. Camoyalibda sakmaod Zlieri politikuri dasi,
romelic qarTl-kaxeTis mefis sagareo-politikur orientacias kritikulad uyurebda. am dass erekle II-is
mdivanbegi solomon lioniZe da mefis siZe, sardal-saxlTuxucesi daviT orbeliani
xelmZRvanelobdnen.
maTi azriT, aseTi mkveTri gadawyvetileba da ruseTze orientaciis aReba QqarTl-kaxeTs
safrTxes uqmnida, gadarCenis nacvlad, 1783 wlis traqtatsa da rusuli jaris samefoSi yofnas axali
ubedureba mohqonda.
osmaleTis mier waqezebuli lekebis Tavdasxmebi ise masStaburi gaxda, rom maT asalagmavad
ori rusuli batalioni aRar kmaroda, amitom erekle II ruseTisgan kvlav damatebiT Zalebs iTxovda.
axalcixis faSam _ suleimanma ruseTTan erekles dakavSirebaSi samflobelos dakargvis safrTxe igrZno
da mtruli pozicia daiWira. amierkavkasiis xanebi ayvedridnen erekles samxreT kavkasiaSi rusTa
Semoyvanas, afrTxilebdnen da emuqrebodnen. mefes gadaudgnen da xarkis micema Seuwyvites
ganjisa da erevnis xanebma, aseve yazax-SamSadilis mflobelma. qveyanaSi imdenad daiZaba
mdgomareoba, mosaxleoba SiSma da safrTxem ise daaSina, rom adre Warbad dasaxlebulma soflebma
dacla daiwyo.
1785 wlis Semodgomaze qarTl-kaxeTSi 20-aTasiani jariT avariis xani omari SemoiWra.
lekebma aaoxres kaxeTi, qarTli da axalcixeSi gadavidnen. omari erideboda ereklesTan pirispir
Sexvedras da gzad yvelafers spobda. erekle iZulebuli gaxda avariis xanisTvis jamagiri daeniSna da
amiT SeeCerebina. ruseTis mxridan uyuradRebobis gamo erekle II-m 1786 wels sagarejoSi TaTbiri
moiwvia sagareo politikuri kursis gadasasinjad. TaTbiris monawileTagan bevri ruseTis
mowinaaRmdege iyo. ruseTis gulgrilobam mefes damoukidebeli politikis gatarebis survili gauCina.
amas isic daemata, rom 1787 wels, osmaleTTan axali omis dawyebis Semdeg, ruseTma is ori
batalionic gaiyvana, romlis gaZlierebas erekle II gamudmebiT iTxovda. raki ruseTi Tavs aridebda
qarTl-kaxeTis dacvas, ereklem Tavad ikisra es movaleoba, SeTanxmeba gaaforma axalcixis
faSasTan, 1789 wels erekle Sexvda azerbaijanis mmarTvels _ faTali-xans. Zveli mtrebi
mokavSireobaze SeTanxmdnen da amierkavkasiaSi gavlenis sferoebic gainawiles, magram faTali-
xani male gardaicvala da dasaxuli gegmebi ver ganxorcielda.
maSasadame, traqtatis dadebis Semdeg, sagareo politikasac erekle mefe mezoblebTan ise
agvarebda, rom ruseTi am saqmeSi ar ereoda. es imis mauwyebeli iyo, rom ruseTs traqtatis
pirobebis Sesruleba ar aRelvebda, saqarTvelos sruli dapyroba surda da saamiso dros eloda.
XVIII saukunis II naxevridan mowinave qarTul sazogadoebaSi momwifda azri saqarTvelos
gaerTianebis Sesaxeb. es sakiTxi wamoayena vaxuSti batoniSvilma, romelmac Tavis naSroms
saqarTvelos samefos aRwera daarqva. sxva istorikosebic saqarTvelos sxvadasxva nawilebs
`saqarTveloebad~, anu erTiani qveynis daSlis Sedegad warmoqmnil erTeulebad, saqarTvelos
nawilebad moixseniebdnen. gaCnda Zveli iberiis Sesatyvisi termini `iveria~, romliTac aRmosavleT-
dasavleTi saqarTvelo aRiniSneboda. imereTisa da qarTl-kaxeTis mefeebi _ solomon I da erekle II,
erTmaneTTan samxedro kavSiriT Sekrulni, mters SeerTebuli ZaliT ebrZodnen. Tumca gareSe mtrebi
da saqarTvelos dasapyrobad gaaqtiurebuli ruseTic, am process xels uSlida da saqarTvelos saSinao
viTarebas Zabavda.
1784 wels gardaicvala imereTis mefe solomon I; mas memkvidre ar hyavda. 1783 wels imereTis
mefem memkvidred daasaxela ZmisSvili_daviT arCilis Ze, romelic qaliSvilis mxridan erekle II-is
SviliSvili iyo. sanam is srulwlovani gaxdeboda, solomonis biZaSvili, daviT giorgis Ze gamefda.

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ruseTi ereoda imereTis saSinao saqmeebSi da erTmaneTs upirispirebda axal mefesa da taxtis
kanonieri memkvidris momxreebs.
1789 wels imereTis didebulebma gadawyvites erekle II-isTvis mierTmiaT Txovna iveriis, anu
dasavleT-aRmosavleT samefo-samTavroebis gaerTianebis Sesaxeb. gaimarTa qarTl-kaxeTis samefos
darbazis sxdoma. umetesoba gaerTianebis momxre iyo. osmaleTic marcxdeboda ruseTTan omSi da
SesaZlo iyo am faqtze reaqciac aRar hqonoda, magram mefe mainc moerida mis gaRizianebas,
amitom, imereTis SemoerTebas iq Tavisi SviliSvilis gamefeba amjobina. 1789 wels imereTSi daviT
arCilis Ze gamefda da man saxelad solomon II dairqva.
1790 wels miRebuli iqna iverielTa erTobis traqtati, rac iTvaliswinebda gareSe mtrebis
winaaRmdeg qarTuli samefo-samTavroebis erTobliv moqmedebas.
amdenad, mtkiceba imisa, rom ruseTma, marTalia, daipyro saqarTvelo, magram
samagierod gaaerTiana qveyana, _ sruliad ar Seesabameba sinamdviles. es procesi dawyebuli
iyo. qarTveli politikosebi, sagareo da saSinao viTarebis gaTvaliswinebiT, frTxilobdnen da
Sesaferis dros elodnen. ruseTis dampyroblur gegmebs es procesi ewinaaRmdegeboda da
saqarTvelos sagareo safrTxeebs aRvivebda. misTvis daSlil-danawevrebuli da dasustebuli
qveynis mitaceba ufro advili iyo, vidre gaerTianebuli da Zlieri saxelmwifos dapyroba. rodesac
Seisrula dasaxuli mizani, saqarTvelo ki ar gaaerTiana, aramed, okupirebuli qveynis samefo-
samTavroebi ruseTis imperiul saxelmwifoSi rusuli guberniebis subieqtebad Seiyvana.
1795 wlis 10 seqtembers qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi sparseTis axali mmarTveli, yajarTa dinastiis
warmomadgeneli _ aRa mahmad-xani SemoiWra. ereklem mxolod 5 aTasi meomris Sekreba SesZlo.
ruseTs ar gaxsenebia georgievskis traqtatiT aRebuli valdebuleba, ar daxmarebia mxcovan mefes,
piriqiT, sparseTs saidumlo miwer-moweriT aqezebda kidec saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg. ruseTSi myofi
mirian batoniSvilis mravalgzis Txovnis Semdeg, kavkasiis xazis sardalma gudoviCma mxolod erTxel
gaafrTxila aRa-mahmad-xani, rom saqarTveloze Tavdasxma ar gaebeda, magram TviT rusi
istorikosis _ p. butkovis sityviT, es gafrTxileba iseTi toniT iyo gakeTebuli, rom man Tavdasxmis
aRkveTa ki ara, provocireba gamoiwvia.
wlebis manZilze ganuwyveteli Txovnis miuxedavad, qarTl-kaxeTis samefom, ara Tu
mxardaWera, aramed ekaterine II-sagan dapirebuli zarbaznebic ki ver miiRo. omis win qarTvelebma
sul mcire raodenobis denTi iTxoves da isic ver gamoimeta rusma generalma. ereklem ver moaxerxa,
agreTve, jarebis daqiraveba daRestanSi, raSic rusebis xeli eria.
1795 wlis 10 seqtembers, TbilisTan axlos, krwanisis velze moxda erekle II-is ukanaskneli
brZola. aRa mahmad-xani 35 aTasiani jariT SemoiWra TbilisSi. Ppirvel dRes Seteva qarTvelTa
gamarjvebiT dasrulda. 75 wlis mefe ereklem Tavganwirulad Seutia mters da ukuagdo, magram
moRalateebma amcnes sparselebs, rom qarTvelebs meti jaris gamoyvana ar SeeZloT, arc
mezarbazneebi hyavdaT... sparselebma qarTvelTa jars zurgidan Semouares. mterma Tbilisi mTlianad
gaanadgura. qalaqis dacvisas uamravi qarTveli daiRupa, romelTa Soris samasi aragveli patriotic iyo.
gamarjveba arc sparseTisTvis gamodga ioli; sparselebma brZolaSi 13 aTasi meomari dakarges.
mmarTvelobis ukanasknel or wels erekle aoxrebul TbilisSi aRar dabrunebula: Telavis sasaxleSi
dabinavda. Tbilisi man sakuTari saxsrebiT aRadgina, daabruna qalaqidan gaxiznuli mosaxleoba,
kvlav ganavrco xelisufleba mezobel saxanoebze.
1796 wels ekaterine II-m 30 aTasiani jari gamogzavna kavkasiaSi, magram male gardaicvala.
ruseTis axalma imperatorma pavle I-ma (1796-1801) mTlianad Secvala kavkasiuri politika da rusuli
jari ukan gaiwvia. 1797 wlis seqtemberSi saqarTvelodan ruseTis jaris gayvana, saerTaSoriso
samarTlis mixedviT, ruseTis mxridan georgievskis traqtatze saboloo uaris Tqmas niSnavda.

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amave wels, saqarTveloze axali gamolaSqrebisTvis samzadisSi myofi aRa mahmad-xani mokles. sul
male, 1798 wlis 11 ianvars erekle II-c gardaicvala, taxti misma ufrosma vaJma _ giorgi XII-m
daikava.

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