Job No 16560

Doc No 16560-ETCE-P4001-000-04
Title: CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL
GENERAL SPECIFICATION

GAS PROCESSING UNIT

POINT LISAS – TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL GENERAL SPECIFICATION

Job Number : 16560

Client : DeNovo Energy Block 1A Ltd.
Project : Gas Processing Unit
Location : Point Lisas (Trinidad and Tobago)

EUROTECNICA CONTRACTORS AND ENGINEERS S.p.A. IS THE EXCLUSIVE OWNER OF THIS DOCUMENT WHICH CAN NOT BE COPIED, MODIFIED, DISTRIBUTED OR
SHOWN TO OTHERS EITHER IN ORIGINAL OR IN COPY WITHOUT OWNER EXPRESS WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION.

IL PRESENTE DOCUMENTO E' DI ESCLUSIVA PROPRIETA' DI "EUROTECNICA CONTRACTORS AND ENGINEERS S.p.A.". E' ESPRESSAMENTE VIETATO ESIBIRE,
COPIARE, MODIFICARE E DISTRIBUIRE IL SUO CONTENUTO, ANCHE PARZIALMENTE, SENZA AUTORIZZAZIONE SCRITTA DEL PROPRIETARIO.

04 I 2017-07-03 MODIFIED WHERE INDICATED EPO EPO AVI

03 I 2017-06-26 MODIFIED WHERE INDICATED EPO EPO AVI

02 I 2017-02-14 MODIFIED WHERE INDICATED EPO EPO AVI

01 I 2017-01-26 MODIFIED 7.2 - 7.3 ACCORDING TO CLIENT COMMENTS EPO EPO AVI

00 I 2016-11-21 FIRST ISSUE EPO EPO AVI

REV RFI DATE DESCRIPTION PREP CKD APPD

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 Job No 16560
Doc No 16560-ETCE-P4001-000-04
Title: CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL
GENERAL SPECIFICATION

GAS PROCESSING UNIT

POINT LISAS – TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

INDEX
1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................ 4
Scope ........................................................................................................................................ 4
Units .......................................................................................................................................... 4
Codes and Standards ............................................................................................................... 4
Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................ 6
2 EARTHWORKS........................................................................................................................ 7
Vegetative Cover and Top Soil Removal ................................................................................. 7
Site Preparation ........................................................................................................................ 7
Excavation ................................................................................................................................ 7
Return Fill and Ram .................................................................................................................. 7
Disposal of Surplus ................................................................................................................... 7
3 STRUCTURAL DESIGN .......................................................................................................... 8
General ..................................................................................................................................... 8
Design ....................................................................................................................................... 8
Loads ........................................................................................................................................ 8
3.3.1 Dead Loads .............................................................................................................................. 8
3.3.2 Operating Loads ....................................................................................................................... 8
3.3.3 Live Loads ................................................................................................................................ 8
3.3.4 Wind Loads ............................................................................................................................... 9
3.3.5 Seismic Loads .......................................................................................................................... 9
3.3.6 Blast Loads ............................................................................................................................. 10
3.3.7 Piping Loads ........................................................................................................................... 10
3.3.8 Thermal Loads ........................................................................................................................ 10
3.3.9 Other Loads ............................................................................................................................ 10
3.3.10 Load Combinations ................................................................................................................. 11
Deflections .............................................................................................................................. 11
4 CONCRETE WORKS ............................................................................................................. 12
Cement ................................................................................................................................... 12
4.1.1 Types of Cement .................................................................................................................... 12
4.1.2 Cement Storage ..................................................................................................................... 12
Aggregates ............................................................................................................................. 12
4.2.1 Fine and Coarse Aggregates.................................................................................................. 12
4.2.2 Aggregate Storage ................................................................................................................. 12
Water Supply .......................................................................................................................... 13
Reinforcement ........................................................................................................................ 13
4.4.1 Standards ............................................................................................................................... 13
Joints ...................................................................................................................................... 14
4.5.1 Construction Joints ................................................................................................................. 14
4.5.2 Expansion and Contraction Joints .......................................................................................... 15
Concrete Batching and Mixing................................................................................................ 15
Ready Mixed Concrete ........................................................................................................... 15
Concrete Classification / Strength .......................................................................................... 16
Testing .................................................................................................................................... 16
Cement Content ..................................................................................................................... 16
Workability .............................................................................................................................. 16
Water/Cement ratio ................................................................................................................ 17
Air content of fresh concrete................................................................................................... 17
Transporting and Placing........................................................................................................ 17
Shuttering and Concrete Finish .............................................................................................. 18
Concreting in high ambient Temperature ............................................................................... 20
Protection from the Elements ................................................................................................. 20
Hardening and Weather Proofers ........................................................................................... 20

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 Job No 16560
Doc No 16560-ETCE-P4001-000-04
Title: CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL
GENERAL SPECIFICATION

GAS PROCESSING UNIT

POINT LISAS – TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

5 PILING .................................................................................................................................... 20
Type of Piles ........................................................................................................................... 20
Preliminary Piles and Loading Test on Piles .......................................................................... 21
6 ROADS, CONCRETE SLABS, FENCING ............................................................................. 21
Materials, Components ........................................................................................................... 21
6.1.1 Mineral Aggregates and Materials .......................................................................................... 21
6.1.2 Unsorted Stone ....................................................................................................................... 21
6.1.3 Reinforced Concrete ............................................................................................................... 22
6.1.4 Bitumen Mixtures .................................................................................................................... 22
6.1.5 Joint Fillings ............................................................................................................................ 22
6.1.6 Additives ................................................................................................................................. 22
6.1.7 Colouring Matter ..................................................................................................................... 22
6.1.8 Waterproofing Membrane ....................................................................................................... 23
Material Testing ...................................................................................................................... 23
Roads ..................................................................................................................................... 23
6.3.1 General ................................................................................................................................... 23
6.3.2 Construction Requirements .................................................................................................... 23
6.3.2.1 Placing .................................................................................................................................... 23
6.3.2.2 Compaction............................................................................................................................. 23
6.3.2.3 Surface ................................................................................................................................... 23
6.3.2.4 Trueness of Profile ................................................................................................................. 24
6.3.2.5 Surface Flatness ..................................................................................................................... 24
6.3.2.6 Thickness................................................................................................................................ 24
Concrete Slabs ....................................................................................................................... 24
6.4.1 General ................................................................................................................................... 24
6.4.2 Base for Concrete Slabs......................................................................................................... 24
6.4.3 Concrete Finish ...................................................................................................................... 24
Fencing ................................................................................................................................... 25
6.5.1 Security Fence ........................................................................................................................ 25
6.5.2 Fence inside the Plant ............................................................................................................ 25
6.5.3 Access to Fenced Areas......................................................................................................... 25
7 UNDERGROUND WORKS .................................................................................................... 26
General ................................................................................................................................... 26
7.1.1 Excavation .............................................................................................................................. 26
7.1.2 Bedding and Backfilling .......................................................................................................... 26
Underground Piping ................................................................................................................ 27
Underground Cabling ............................................................................................................. 28
8 STEEL STRUCTURES .......................................................................................................... 29
Design ..................................................................................................................................... 29
Material requirements ............................................................................................................. 29
Structural details ..................................................................................................................... 29
Connections and anchor bolts ................................................................................................ 29
Stairs, ladders and walkways ................................................................................................. 30
Handrails ................................................................................................................................. 30
Metal decking.......................................................................................................................... 30
Grouting under structural steelworks ...................................................................................... 31
Surface protection .................................................................................................................. 31
Fire protection ......................................................................................................................... 31
Earthing .................................................................................................................................. 31

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 Job No 16560
Doc No 16560-ETCE-P4001-000-04
Title: CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL
GENERAL SPECIFICATION

GAS PROCESSING UNIT

POINT LISAS – TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

1 GENERAL

Scope

This specification covers the requirements for civil works and steel structures for the
new Gas Processing Unit (GPU) at the Point Lisas Industrial Estate in The Republic
of Trinidad and Tobago.

Units

Units are according to the SI standard.

Codes and Standards

The following international standards shall be applicable:

AASHTO GDPS-4-M Guide for design of pavement structures
AASHTO M82 Standard specification for cut-back asphalt (medium-curing
type)
AASHTO M140 Standard specification for asphalt, emulsified
AASHTO M20 Standard specification for penetration-graded asphalt cement
ACI 301 99 Specifications for Structural Concrete
ACI 305-82 Recommended practice for hot weather concreting
ACI 305R 99 Hot Weather Concreting
ACI 308R 01 Guide to Curing Concrete
ACI 315 99 Details and Detailing of Concrete Reinforcement
ACI 318 Building code requirements for reinforced concrete
AISC 360-05 Specification for Structural Steel Buildings
AISC 341-05 Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings
ASCE 7-05 Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures
ASCE 28 Hydrology handbook
ASCE 72 Design of steel transmission pole structures
ASCE 95 Urban subsurface drainage
ASCE 120 Trenchless renewal of culverts and storm sewers

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 Job No 16560
Doc No 16560-ETCE-P4001-000-04
Title: CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL
GENERAL SPECIFICATION

GAS PROCESSING UNIT

POINT LISAS – TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

ASTM A82-02 Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Plain, for Concrete
Reinforcement
ASTM A123/A123M Standard Specification for Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coatings
on Iron and Steel Products
ASTM A153/A153M Standard Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and
Steel Hardware
ASTM A193-04 High Strength Anchor Bolts
ASTM A194 03 b Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for
Bolts for High Pressure or High Temperature Service, or Both
ASTM A416 02 Standard Specification for Steel Strand, Uncoated Seven-Wire
for Prestressed Concrete
ASTM A615-04 Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Billet-Steel
Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
ASTM C31 03A Standard Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
Specimens in the Field
ASTM C33 03 Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates
ASTM C39-03 Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical
Concrete Specimens
ASTM C62 04 Standard Specification for Building Brick (Solid Masonry
Units Made From Clay or Shale)
ASTM C94 04 Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete
ASTM C136 Sieve or screen analysis of fine & course aggregates
ASTM C143 03 Standard Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic Cement
Concrete
ASTM C150 02 AE1 Standard Specification for Portland Cement
ASTM C172 99 Standard Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete
ASTM C173 01E1 Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed
Concrete by the Volumetric Method
ASTM C231 03 Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed
Concrete by the Pressure Method
ASTM C260 01 Standard Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for
Concrete
ASTM C413 Standard test method for absorption of chemical resistant
mortars, grouts, monolithic surfacing and polymer concretes
ASTM C494 04 Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete

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 Job No 16560
Doc No 16560-ETCE-P4001-000-04
Title: CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL
GENERAL SPECIFICATION

GAS PROCESSING UNIT

POINT LISAS – TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

ASTM C531 Standard test method for linear shrinkage and coefficient of
thermal expansion of chemical -Resistant mortars, grouts,
monolithic surfacing and polymer concretes
ASTM C579 Standard test methods for compressive strength of chemical-
resistant mortars, grouts, monolithic surfacing, and polymer
concretes
ASTM C827 Standard test method for change in height at early ages of
cylindrical specimens of cementitious mixtures
ASTM C1107 Standard specification for packaged dry, hydraulics
cement grout (non shrink)
ASTM D422 Particle size analysis of soil
ASTM D1143 81 Standard Test Methods for Deep Foundations Under Static
Axial Compressive Load
ASTM D3689-90 Standard Test Methods for Deep Foundations Under Static
Axial Tensile Load
ASTM D3966 90 Standard Test Method for Piles Under Lateral Loads
IBC 2009 International Building Code
Hazard Maps of TT Hazard Maps of Trinidad and Tobago - 2475 year Return
Period - Issued by Seismic Research Centre of the University
of The West Indies – June 2011

The Standards and Codes of Practice shall be the latest editions. All the conditions and
particulars as to the standard of materials, workmanship and tests contained in such
documents shall be complied with for the various items.

Abbreviations

AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation

Officials
ACI American Concrete Institute
AISC American Institute of Steel Construction
ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers
ASTM American Society of Testing and Materials
IBC International Building Code

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 Job No 16560
Doc No 16560-ETCE-P4001-000-04
Title: CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL
GENERAL SPECIFICATION

GAS PROCESSING UNIT

POINT LISAS – TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

2 EARTHWORKS

Vegetative Cover and Top Soil Removal

Vegetative cover and top soil shall be removed completely according to the
Geotechnical report for the gas processing units (GPU Plant) Point Lisas dated
October 14 2016 made by TRINTOPLAN CONSULTANTS LIMITED and the
specification 16560-ETCE-P4002-000-00 LEVELLING AND GRADING GENERAL
SPECIFICATION.
Top soil shall be retained in storage for site finishing but not for structural backfilling.

Site Preparation

The whole area of GPU plant shall be backfilled according to the specification 16560-
ETCE-P4002-000-00 LEVELLING AND GRADING GENERAL SPECIFICATION.

Excavation

All excavation shall be carried out to the lengths, widths and depths shown on the
drawings.
Unsuitable material at the bottom of excavations shall be removed.
The bottom 75 mm of all excavations shall be trimmed and levelled by hand.
All timbering, sheet piling and other types of shoring as necessary for securing the
sides of trenches and excavation will be provided.
Pumps and appliances to keep the excavations clear of water will be provided.

Return Fill and Ram

Fill is to be carried out with selected material around foundations etc., up to design
ground level, or as required, carefully rammed and consolidated in layers not
exceeding 250 mm thick.
Backfilling pipe trenches, the space around and up to 300 mm above the crown of the
pipe is to be carefully filled with selected fine material.

Disposal of Surplus

All surplus excavation arising from the works shall be loaded up and carted away to an
approved disposal site.

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 Job No 16560
Doc No 16560-ETCE-P4001-000-04
Title: CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL
GENERAL SPECIFICATION

GAS PROCESSING UNIT

POINT LISAS – TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

3 STRUCTURAL DESIGN

General

All design calculation shall be carried out in the SI system.

All levels quoted on the drawings shall be in meters (m).
All dimensions stated on the drawings shall be in millimeters (mm).

Design

The design of structures shall comply with ACI 301, ACI 305, ACI 315, ACI 318,
AISC 360-05, AISC 341-05, ASCE 7-05 and IBC 2009.

Loads

Specific loads for particular structures and equipments are defined in the one line
drawings of the structures.

3.3.1 Dead Loads

Dead loads shall be calculated and accounted for the design of foundations and
structures.

3.3.2 Operating Loads

The following loads shall be considered as permanent loads:

- weight of liquid contained in equipment and piping during normal operation
- loads (horizontal and vertical) caused by expansion and anchor of pipes

3.3.3 Live Loads

The following loads shall be considered as live loads:

- loads produced by persons
- temporary loads such as bundle pulling loads
- loads produced by movable equipment, including dynamic effect
If load requirements in the relevant Code are less than the following live loads, the
below listed loads shall be used:

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 Job No 16560
Doc No 16560-ETCE-P4001-000-04
Title: CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL
GENERAL SPECIFICATION

GAS PROCESSING UNIT

POINT LISAS – TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

- roofs generally 2.0 kN/m2

- inclined metal roofs 1.0 kN/m2
- floors and platforms for maintenance purposes,
the maximum effect of 5.0 kN/m2
and a single point load of 2.0 kN
located at any point on the member being considered
- floors in workshops and stores, depending of their
use, but not less than 5.0 kN/m2
- platforms and walkways used for access purposes,
the maximum effect of 2.5 kN/m2
and a single point load of 1.0 kN
located at any point on the member being considered
- staircases,
the maximum effect of 2.5 kN/m2
or a concentrated load at the centre of treads 1.5 kN
- horizontal load on handrails 0.5 kN/m
Specific live loads associated with maintenance or operation requirements that are in
excess of the above loads shall be checked on an individual basis and they are
indicated in the one line drawings of the structures or in the drawings of buildings.

3.3.4 Wind Loads

Wind loads shall be calculated in accordance with the specification

16560-ETCE-P4020-000 SPECIFICATION FOR WIND LOADS

3.3.5 Seismic Loads

Seismic loads shall be calculated in accordance with the specification

16560-ETCE-P4021-000 SPECIFICATION FOR SEISMIC LOADS

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 Job No 16560
Doc No 16560-ETCE-P4001-000-04
Title: CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL
GENERAL SPECIFICATION

GAS PROCESSING UNIT

POINT LISAS – TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

3.3.6 Blast Loads

No blast loads are foreseen for steel structure in this plant.

For concrete structures and buildings blast loads shall be evaluated according to
requirement in relevant specifications and drawings.

3.3.7 Piping Loads

Piping loads on structures shall be based on calculated actual loads for large diameter
of piping and include all thrusts or moments due to all phases of construction and
operation and they are indicated in the one line drawings of the structures.
The following minimum loads shall be considered for pipe racks:
- vertical load, minimum 1.5 kN/m2 pr. level
- horizontal load at every main supporting girder 5 kN in the direction of the pipes at
the most unfavourable position
Allowances shall also be made for the required electrical and instrument cables when
establishing the widths of the pipe racks and loads.

3.3.8 Thermal Loads

Thermal expansion shall be considered for steel structures.

Solar/climatic mechanical design temperature for structural steel:
Maximum 50 °C
Minimum 5 °C

3.3.9 Other Loads

Erection loads shall be considered on structures during the installation of the

equipment.
Loads for testing of cranes shall be considered.
Contractor shall evaluate specific loads from equipment used in the operation of the
Plant.
They are indicated in the one line drawings of the structures.

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 Job No 16560
Doc No 16560-ETCE-P4001-000-04
Title: CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL
GENERAL SPECIFICATION

GAS PROCESSING UNIT

POINT LISAS – TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

3.3.10 Load Combinations

Load combination shall comply with ASCE 7-05.

Relevant load combinations shall be considered to identify the critical combinations.
For test loads minimum 30% of design wind loads shall be considered.
Earthquake and wind may not be considered to occur simultaneously.

Deflections

Deformations due to service loads shall not impair the serviceability of the structure.
The following maximum deflections shall be considered:

- Vertical deflection v ≤ L / 300 for beams

v ≤ L / 200 for cantilevers

- Lateral deflection h ≤ H / 200

Where H is the maximum height of the structure and L is the span of the beam or the
length of the cantilever.

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 Job No 16560
Doc No 16560-ETCE-P4001-000-04
Title: CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL
GENERAL SPECIFICATION

GAS PROCESSING UNIT

POINT LISAS – TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

4 CONCRETE WORKS

Cement

4.1.1 Types of Cement

Cement will comply in all respects with the requirements of ASTM C150.

4.1.2 Cement Storage

Cement in bags will be stored in a perfectly weathertight and well ventilated shed and
the floor shall be at such a height that the cement is kept dry at all times.
Separate consignments of cement shall be used in the order in which they were
delivered.
The various types of cement shall be stacked separately and any types which become
mixed must be removed from the site.
Any cement containing hard lumps will be condemned and must be removed from the
site.
Alternatively, cement in bulk supply could be utilised and stored in an approved
cement silo.

Aggregates

4.2.1 Fine and Coarse Aggregates

The fine and coarse aggregates will comply in all respects with the requirements of
ASTM C33 03 or equivalent.
Test certificates in respect to the grading, clay, silt and fine dust content are required
and shall be made available to the Company.
No materials are to be delivered until the results of tests have been approved.

4.2.2 Aggregate Storage

The fine and coarse aggregates will be stored separately in such a manner that they
cannot become intermingled.
Aggregates are to be stored on drained timber or concrete platforms, so as to prevent
contamination with soil or any other foreign matter.

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 Job No 16560
Doc No 16560-ETCE-P4001-000-04
Title: CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL
GENERAL SPECIFICATION

GAS PROCESSING UNIT

POINT LISAS – TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

Any aggregates which have become mixed or contaminated or are not as specified
above will be removed from the site.

Water Supply

The water will be clean and free from harmful matter.

Reinforcement

4.4.1 Standards

Reinforcement shall comply with the requirements of ASTM A615.

4.4.2 Surface Condition

Reinforcement shall be free from mud, oil, paint, retarders, loose rust, loose mill scale,
grease or any other substance which can be shown to affect adversely the steel or
concrete chemically, or reduce the bond, all or which shall be removed before use.

4.4.3 Reinforcement Storage

Reinforcement shall be stored under cover in racks or on timber sleepers so as to be

clear of the ground.

4.4.4 Cutting and Bending

Bar reinforcement required to be fabricated at the job site shall be made to conform to
the shape and dimensions specified on the drawings and the technical standards
referenced on the drawing.
Bending shall be done cold and around pins of the minimum diameter given in
technical standards referenced on the drawings.
Heat shall not be used to bend bars.

4.4.5 Fixing

Reinforcement will be secured against displacement outside the specified limits.

Unless specified otherwise
1. Nominal cover to reinforcement shall be as indicated on the drawings.

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 Job No 16560
Doc No 16560-ETCE-P4001-000-04
Title: CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL
GENERAL SPECIFICATION

GAS PROCESSING UNIT

POINT LISAS – TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

2. The actual concrete cover shall be not less than the nominal cover minus 5 mm.
3. Where reinforcement is located in relation to only one face of a member (e.g. a
straight bar in a slab) the actual concrete cover shall be not more than the required
nominal cover plus
5 mm on bars up to and including 12 mm size
10 mm on bars over 12 mm and up to and including 25 mm size
15 mm on bars over 25 mm size
Spacers, chairs or other supports detailed on drawings, together with such other
supports as may be necessary shall be used to maintain the reinforcement in its correct
position.
In a member where the nominal cover is dimensioned to the links, spacers between the
links and formwork shall be of the same dimensions as the nominal cover.
Spacers shall be of such material and design as will be durable, not leading to
corrosion of the reinforcement, and not cause spalling of the concrete cover.
Spacer blocks made from cement, sand and small aggregate shall match the mix
proportions of the surrounding concrete so far as practicable with a view to being
comparable in strength, durability and appearance.
Non-structural connections for the positioning of reinforcement should be made with
steel wire tying devices.
Care should be taken to ensure that projection ends of ties or clips do not encroach into
the concrete cover.
Welding of reinforcement will not be permitted, unless otherwise specified.
The position of reinforcement will be checked before and during concreting, particular
attention being paid to the position of top reinforcement in cantilever sections.

Joints

Details of the tests which may be required are given below. Contractor shall perform
all tests strictly in accordance with the appropriate testing standards.

4.5.1 Construction Joints

The number of construction joints should be kept as low as possible consistent with
reasonable precautions against shrinkage.
Concreting should be carried out continuously up to construction joints.
Where it is necessary to introduce construction joints, careful consideration should be
given to their exact location, which should be indicated on the drawings.

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 Job No 16560
Doc No 16560-ETCE-P4001-000-04
Title: CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL
GENERAL SPECIFICATION

GAS PROCESSING UNIT

POINT LISAS – TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

Alternatively, the location of joints shall be subject to approval.

Construction joints shall be at right angles to the general direction of the member and
shall take due account of shear and other stresses.

4.5.2 Expansion and Contraction Joints

Expansion and contraction joints shall be provided in positions shown on the drawings.
Joints shall be straight and vertical, except where specified otherwise.
Concrete surface on both sides of the joint shall be flush.
Where necessary, water stops of an approved type shall be embedded in the concrete.
The waterstops shall be made of high-quality material, which must obtain its resilience
through the service live of the structure for the double function of movement and
sealing.
The surface of waterstops shall be carefully rounded to ensure tightness of the joint
even under heavy water pressure.
To ensure a good tightness with or without movement of the joints the waterstop shall
be provided with anchor parts.
The cross section of the waterstop shall be determined in accordance with the
presumed maximum water pressure and joint movements.
The complete works of fixed and welded connections must be carried out strictly in
accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
All joints between structural steel and concrete parts shall be sealed by a suitable
permanent flexible compound.

Concrete Batching and Mixing

All concrete will be in accordance with ACI.

All concrete will be designed mixes unless otherwise specified.

Ready Mixed Concrete

The use of ready-mixed concrete from an approved source will be in accordance with
ASTM C94 04.
Batch Mixing at the Site
Batching and mixing of concrete shall be as recommended in ACI and ASTM or
equivalent.

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 Job No 16560
Doc No 16560-ETCE-P4001-000-04
Title: CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL
GENERAL SPECIFICATION

GAS PROCESSING UNIT

POINT LISAS – TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

Concrete Classification / Strength

The minimum ultimate compressive strength of concrete for foundations and structures
shall be as follows:

Concrete Cylindrical/(Cube) Max. nominal purpose

class strength at 28 days aggregate size
[N/mm2] [mm]

L 6/(7.5) 25 Plain concrete for lean

concrete, blinding, screeds,
back-fill

S1 20 /(25) 20 Reinforced concrete for

general use

S2 28/(35) 20 Reinforced concrete for

foundations and superstructure

Testing

Sampling of concrete shall be tested according to ASTM C31 03A and ASTM C39 03.

Cement Content

The cement of any batch of concrete should not be less than the specified minimum
value minus 5 % of that value, nor more than the specified maximum value plus 5 %
of that value.
The observation of batching in relation to the indicated batch weights is one way of
ensuring this. As an alternative the cement content may be determined from samples
representative of any batch of concrete provided that a suitable testing regime
(including errors due to sampling) is used to measure the cement content of fresh
concrete to an accuracy of ± 5 % of the actual value with a confidence of 95 %.

Workability

The workability of concrete should be within the following limits:

Slump ± 25 mm or ± 1/3 of the required value, whichever is greater.
Compacting factor ± 0.03, where the specified value is 0.90 or more
± 0.04, where the specified value is less than 0.90 but more

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POINT LISAS – TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

than 0.80;
± 0.05, where the specified value is 0.80 or less.
VB ± 3 seconds or ± 1/5 of the specified value, whichever is the
greater.

Water/Cement ratio

The water/cement ratio of a batch of concrete should not exceed the specified
maximum value by more than 5 % of that value.
If a maximum water/cement ratio has been specified the ability to comply with that
requirement, at a suitable level of workability, will have been determined by means of
trial mixes.
Provided that the constituent materials and mix proportions are not substantially
different from those used in the trial mixes, a maximum water/cement ratio may be
judged from workability tests.
As an alternative the water/cement ratio may be determined from samples
representative of any batch of concrete provided that a suitable testing regime
(including errors due to sampling) is used to measure the water/cement ratio of fresh
concrete to any accuracy of ± 5 % of the actual value with a confidence of 95 %.

Air content of fresh concrete

The percentage air content determined from individual samples taken at the point of
placing the concrete and representative of any given batch of concrete should be within
± 1.5 % of the required value.
The average percentage content from any four consecutive determinations from
separate batches should be within ± 1.0 % of the required value.

Transporting and Placing

The concrete shall be transported and placed in the formwork as quickly as possible,
but in any case within a period of 30 minutes after mixing.
The use of chutes is permitted, but they must not be more than 3 m in length between
stagings and must be of a suitable slope to allow concrete to flow continuously in the
chutes without segregation or the use of excessive water.
The chutes must be thoroughly wetted before receiving concrete and properly cleaned
at the end of concreting.
Concrete must not be tipped from a height greater than a 1.25 m into formwork.

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POINT LISAS – TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

If it is desired to concrete continuously a depth of or column greater than 1.25 m deep

or high, provision shall be made for leaving out one side of the formwork and bringing
this up in 1.25 m lifts as the concreting proceeds.
The concrete shall be placed in the formwork in horizontal layers not greater than 300
mm deep, and thoroughly compacted by the use of approved type immersion vibrators.
The concrete must be thoroughly worked into all corners of the formwork and around
the reinforcement and any fixtures to be embedded in the concrete.
It must be ensured that no foreign matter enters the concrete during placing and
compacting.
Concreting must be carried out continuously between construction joints.
In the event of an emergency, requiring the premature cessation of concrete placing,
the concrete already placed is to be worked up to temporary vertical stop ends
introduced into the shuttering.
When further concrete is to be placed against earlier concrete which has already
hardened, the surface must be well hacked and all latency removed.
The prepared surface is then to be thoroughly wetted, for one hour prior to the new
concrete being placed.
The concrete is to be deposited as near as possible to its final location in the formwork.
Once the concrete has been consolidated in position precautions must be taken to
ensure that it is not subjected to disturbance or vibration from adjacent working and
any reinforcement projecting from the concrete must not be disturbed while the
concrete is hardening.

Shuttering and Concrete Finish

The shuttering must be constructed true to form and line and adequately supported and
braced against all pressure from wet concrete.
All shuttering must be constructed sufficiently tight to prevent leakage of liquid from
the concrete.
After shutters have been stripped no touching up whatsoever will be allowed until the
concrete surface has been inspected.
Immediately after inspection the surface of all fair faced concrete, which will not be
hidden by brickwork, rendering or other treatment, must be rubbed down with a
carborundum or similar stone to remove all surface blemishes and give a smooth and
even finish to the concrete.
Before use all shuttering must be thoroughly cleaned and oiled with an approved
shutter oil and it must be ensured that no oil is allowed to come into contact with
concrete already placed or with reinforcing steel.

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POINT LISAS – TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

Through bolts of approved types can be used, but on liquid retaining structures or
structures below ground level the use of approved bolts incorporating water bars will
be required.
Temporary openings are to be left at the bottom of shuttering to permit the cleaning
out of all accumulated dirt, wood chippings, etc., prior to concreting.
All exposed vertical or horizontal arises are to be chamfered to 25 mm width, or such
other width as may be required.
The top surface of concrete in walls, kerbs, floors, plinths, etc., must be finished true to
the exact level of grade.
Where sloping floors are laid these floors are to be compacted and the surfaces brought
to the correct grade in one concreting operation, without the use of any subsequent
grading screeds, unless these are specifically detailed on drawings.
Where raised plinths, pads or kerbs are required to be cast onto floors, it is preferably
that these should be cast simultaneously with the floors, but where this is not
practicable the areas concerned must be left rough screeded and provided with
reinforcement dowels to ensure adequate bonding between individual floors and
plinths, etc.
When concrete surfaces are to be subsequently rendered, plastered, tiled or otherwise
treated the surface must be left sufficiently rough to give an adequate key for the
rendering coatings. Untreated surfaces are to be trowelled smooth using a steel trowel.
Formwork must be struck in such a way that the concrete is not subjected to shock or
vibration.
It must be designed so that its removal can follow the order
1. beam sides,
2. slab soffits,
3. beam soffits.
The recommended minimum stripping times for normal structural concrete are, with a
surface temperature of concrete of 16° and above, as shown below:
• Vertical formwork to column, walls and large beams 1 day
• Soffit formwork to slabs 4 days
• Soffit formwork to beams and props to slabs 10 days
• Props to beams 14 days
In any case, before props are removed, the concrete should be exposed locally to
ensure that sufficient hardening has taken place.
It is possible to use shorter periods before striking formwork by determining the
strength of the concrete in the structural elements.

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Concreting in high ambient Temperature

Concreting in high ambient temperature shall be executed in accordance to ACI 305.

The temperature of the mixed concrete shall not exceed 30°C.
The Contractor shall take appropriate measures in the mixing, placing and curing of
concrete.
Suitable measures shall be taken to prevent premature setting of concrete placed in
contact with hot surfaces.

Protection from the Elements

Concrete shall be protected from rapid drying due to wind and sunshine during the first
7 days after concreting.
Flat surfaces must be covered by wet sand or hessian or an approved proprietary
membrane as soon as the surface has hardened sufficiently.

Hardening and Weather Proofers

Where the use of proprietary hardeners and weather proofers have been called for,
these must be of an approved type and are to be used strictly in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions.

5 PILING

The geotechnical report specify which structures will be founded on piles.

Type of Piles

Piles will be precast prestressed concrete piles.

Prestressing strand for piles shall be 1/2“ diameter seven wire uncoated low relaxation
prestressed strand with ultimate strength of 270,000 psi (1860 MPa) and manufactured
in accordance with ASTM Specification A416.
Spiral wire shall be cold drawn wire with an ultimate strength of 85,000 psi(587 MPa)
and manufactured in accordance with ASTM Specification A82.
Reinforcing steel shall be high tensile steel with yield strength of 60,000 psi (420
MPa) and manufactured in accordance with ASTM Specification A615.
Concrete shall be a minimum of 5,000 psi at 28 days, in plant batching or ready

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mixed concrete.
According to design calculations piles could be:
• 12" (305 mm) Square Pile
• 16" (406 mm) Octagonal Pile
• 20" (508 mm) Octagonal Pile

Preliminary Piles and Loading Test on Piles

Preliminary test piles of ample length will be installed.

Full driving records will be plotted to show the variations of soil resistance with depth.
Loading tests on piles will be carried out to determine the settlement characteristics
and ultimate bearing capacity of preliminary piles.
The loading tests will be carried out in accordance with ASTM D1143, ASTM D3689
and ASTM D3966.

6 ROADS, CONCRETE SLABS, FENCING

Materials, Components

The most commonly used standardised materials and components are listed below:

6.1.1 Mineral Aggregates and Materials

Mineral materials must be weather resistant, sufficiently firm, tough and dense.
They must contain no components liable to swelling or which are weathered, loamy,
clayey or organic in sufficient quantities to be harmful.
Mineral aggregates must be a composition such as to be suitable for the intended
purpose of use. In particular, account should be taken of the climatic and local
conditions and volume and type of traffic.

6.1.2 Unsorted Stone

Gravely sands, broken rock, quarry overburden, hand-picked stones, concrete rubble,
slags.
The material must be free from harmful components and have a particle size
distribution suitable for the intended purpose of use.

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POINT LISAS – TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

6.1.3 Reinforced Concrete

Concrete and reinforcement shall comply with section 3 "Concrete Works".

6.1.4 Bitumen Mixtures

Classification, composition and properties of bitumen mixtures shall comply with

agreed standards.

6.1.5 Joint Fillings

Joint Fillers
Permanent joint fillers in expansion joint must permit expansion of the concrete slabs
and be sufficiently rigid to ensure that they are not deformed during compacting of the
concrete.
They must be resistant to water and alkali and must not absorb water from the freshly
mixed concrete.
In the case of dummy joints, permanent joint fillers in the lower part of the concrete
must not be compressible.
Sealing Compounds
Materials for sealing joints shall have a deformability appropriate to the length of the
concrete slab and adhere sufficiently to the concrete.
If sealing gaskets are used, the pressure exerted on them shall be sufficient to prevent
penetration of moisture even at low temperatures.

6.1.6 Additives

Additives for improving the workability of the concrete or its resistance to chemical
and mechanical influences shall bear an official test mark and shall only be used
according to the authorisation conditions and the working specifications of the
manufacturer.

6.1.7 Colouring Matter

Colouring matter for colouring concrete shall not be such as to harm the concrete.

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6.1.8 Waterproofing Membrane

Waterproofing membranes shall be of an approved type and chemically resistant.

Material Testing

It has to be ensured and proved that the materials and components are suitable for the
intended purpose or use.

Roads

6.3.1 General

Roads shall be designed with due consideration to traffic frequency and loading
expected in the various Plant areas.
Selection of road surface (asphalt or concrete) will be made with due consideration to
these criteria.
All asphalt roads shall be edged in concrete.

6.3.2 Construction Requirements

6.3.2.1 Placing

The mineral aggregate or slag / sand mix shall be spread evenly and in such a manner
as not to segregate.

6.3.2.2 Compaction

Each course shall be compacted evenly over its whole area, with suitable water content
and shall comply with the required modified proctor density.

6.3.2.3 Surface

The surfaces of the individual courses shall exhibit uniform finish and have a cross fall
adequate for drainage.

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6.3.2.4 Trueness of Profile

Courses shall be constructed true to final elevation and with the prescribed
longitudinal and transverse cross-section.
Surface variations from the required elevation shall not exceed 3 cm at any point.

6.3.2.5 Surface Flatness

Surface irregularities in the courses shall not be greater than 2 cm over a 4 m long test
length.

6.3.2.6 Thickness

Thickness of the various courses shall be according to the specification and within the
tolerances.

Concrete Slabs

6.4.1 General

Concrete slabs shall be designed with due consideration to expected traffic frequency
and loading in the various Plant areas.

6.4.2 Base for Concrete Slabs

Base for concrete slabs shall be a layer of lean concrete.

Concrete base shall be at least 50 mm thick and at least equivalent to Grade 7.5
according to the agreed standards.

6.4.3 Concrete Finish

In heavily loaded areas concrete finish shall be a minimum of 150 mm thick.

For lightly loaded areas (walkways etc.) such finish shall be 50 mm minimum.
Joints shall be produced in such a manner as not to impair the strength of the concrete
and the surface quality.
Joints shall be produced in such a manner as not to cause cracks.
If transverse load transfer and ensuring of correct elevation is necessary, dowel bars or
anchors shall be designed.

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Fencing

Fence type shall be according to the requirements.

6.5.1 Security Fence

Security Fence shall be of galvanised wire mesh and three barbed wire strands on top.
Posts shall be approximately 2.75 m high with cranked top and include the necessary
foundations.

6.5.2 Fence inside the Plant

If fencing is required inside the Plant, i.e. to surround selected areas, the fence shall be
of galvanised wire mesh and approximately 2.30 m high posts.

6.5.3 Access to Fenced Areas

Sufficient access (gates or doors) shall be provided in a width appropriate to the

intended use.

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7 UNDERGROUND WORKS

General

7.1.1 Excavation

The excavations shall be to straight lines and to the correct depths and gradients as
shown on the drawings.
The width of the trench shall be sufficient to allow adequate working space.
The excavations shall be kept free from water by pumping, bailing or otherwise, and
planing and strutting shall be used as necessary to support the sides of excavations to
ensure the safe and speedy progress of the work.

7.1.2 Bedding and Backfilling

Unless noted otherwise, all pipes shall be bedded in sand.

Sand to the sides and to the top shall be hand packed and well rammed.
The remainder of the backfilling shall be in 300 mm layers well rammed and
consolidated.
The disposal of surplus excavated material shall be carted away to an approved
disposal site.

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Underground Piping

Pipe laying, bedding and backfilling will be according to following drawing:

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Underground Cabling

Cables must be installed in PVC conduits which are incased with lean concrete and
manholes must placed in adequate distance, manhole outside of plant fence cover
should be lockable. Further outside plant areas a warning tape must be installed above
the lean concrete.
Conduits section leaving the underground must be steel hot dip galvanized.

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8 STEEL STRUCTURES

Design

Sections shall comply with British or European profiles. But the whole structures shall
comply with only one of British or European profiles.
Design of steel structures shall be such that potential corrosion points are avoided.
All parts of steel structures shall have access for inspection, cleaning and painting.
4 Back to back angles and channel sections are not acceptable except for hot dip
galvanized structures.
Angles and channels shall be orientated such that collection of dust and humidity is
avoided.
Sealed hollow sections are preferred where possible.
Connections shall be designed and detailed as bolted connections to minimize the field
welding (as far as practicable).
Proposals are to be submitted for Company review.
Bracings to steel structures shall be designed to achieve the best possible access for
personnel and vehicles in the Plant areas.
Bracings to steel structures for pipe racks shall generally be located to allow passage
of vehicles and personnel.

Material requirements

All structural steel shall be grade S275.

Structural details

The minimum thickness of gusset plates shall not be less than 10 mm and the
minimum thickness of base plates shall not be less than 10 mm.

Connections and anchor bolts

Field connections shall be bolted. No field welding shall be permitted for structural
steelworks unless accepted by Company.
Bolts for connections shall be class 8.8 or A325.
Anchor Bolts shall be S275.

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Minimum bolt diameter to be used:

- handrails, ladders and secondary platform 12 mm
- walkway structures, main platforms 16 mm
- other structures 20 mm
Bolted connections shall have a minimum of two bolts.
Bolts connecting members supporting vibrating equipment shall have lockwasher or
other equivalent system to prevent it becoming untightened. Two nuts shall be
provided for bolts securing all vibrating equipment and equipments with sliding side.
All bolts shall be hot dip galvanized.

Stairs, ladders and walkways

Floor gratings and tread gratings shall be hot dipped galvanised and the minimum size
of bearing member shall be 30 mm x 3 mm or necessary size to limit the deflection
with live loads. All walking surfaces shall have a non-slip finish.
Each grating part shall be minimum secured by four fasteners.
Removable floor plates shall be provided with two lifting keyholes at each end of the
plate.
Ladders and railings shall be hot dip galvanised.

Handrails

Handrails shall be provided to staircases and elevated platforms except where their
provision would obstruct mooring lines.
Handrail standard span shall be at maximum 1.5 m centres. Minimum 100 mm high
kick plates shall be provided.
Handrails and standards may be solid bar or hollow tube with minimum 2.90 mm wall
thickness.

Metal decking

Materials used in construction shall comply with relevant American Standard.

Generally steel decking shall be designed to support a uniformly distributed load of
5.00 kN/m2 with a maximum deflection not exceeding 1/200 of the span and to
withstand three times the design load without collapse.
Floor panels shall be clipped down to the supporting steelwork so that each individual
panel is held by a minimum of four clips.

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All panels shall be removable and fixing shall be such that where a panel is removed,
the remaining panels will remain firm and replaced panels are safe against
displacement and dropping through before the clips has been fastened.
Each panel shall have an edge bar on the bearing edges, which shall have a thickness
not less than the load bearing bars.

Grouting under structural steelworks

When each section of the structural steelworks has been erected, plumbed, lined and
levelled a non-shrink cementitious grout shall be poured into the holding down pockets
or sleeves and beneath the base plate. The space under the base plate shall be
completely filled and steel-packing pieces shall be removed unless they are located in
the middle of the base plate.

Surface protection

Surface protection shall generally be completed under shop conditions before erection.
All steel structures shall be hot dip galvanized according to ASTM A123/A123M.

Fire protection

As indicated in the one line drawings of the structures, generally the fireproofing shall
be applied to columns, main beams and beams supporting equipment up to 9.00 m.
For columns the fireproofing shall be box type concrete with 50 mm thickness
For beams the fireproofing shall be applied only to the bottom and the sides and shall
be lightweight (750 kg/m3):
- Box type with 50 mm thickness for sections up to 300 mm
- Following the contours with 50 mm thickness for sections 300 mm and larger

Earthing

Steel structures shall be connected to the earthing system with stainless steel earthing
bosses threaded M12.

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