UNIT 8.

OUR WORLD HERITAGE SITES

A. Vocalubary.

Serial Vocabulary Type Pronounce Meaning

LESSON 1: GETTING STARTED
1. Recommend Verb rekəˈmend Giới thiệu.
2. Go sight seeing ɡəʊ saɪt siː-ing đi ngắm cảnh.
3. Heritage Noun ˈherɪt ɪd ʒ Di sản.
ˈmɒnjumənt
4. Monument Noun Đài tưởng niệm
ˈmɑːnjumənt
5. Structure Noun ˈstrʌktʃə (r) Kiến trúc.
6. Excavations Noun ˌekskəˈveɪʃn Khai quật.
7. Complex Adjective ˈkɒmpleks Quần thể.
8. Intact Adjective in'tækt Nguyên vẹn
'dinəsti
9. Dynasty Noun Triều đại.
'dainəsti
10. Relic Noun 'relik Cổ vật
Ruin 'ru:in
11. (v, n) tàn phá, phá hủy
= Demolish di'mɒli∫
12. Citadel Noun 'sitədəl Thành lũy
13. Royal Adjective 'rɔiəl Thuộc về hoàng gia
14. Nightlife Noun ˈnaɪt ˌlaɪf Cuộc sống về đêm
15. Associated Adjective əˈsəʊsieɪt ɪd Liên kết
16. Archaeological Adjective ˌɑːrkiəˈlɑːd ʒɪkl Khảo cổ học
17. Expand Verb ɪkˈspænd Mở rộng
LESSON 2: LANGUAGE
18. Preserve Verb prɪˈzɜːv Giữ gìn
19. Ancient Adjective ˈān(t)SHənt Cổ xưa
20. Pull Verb pʊl Kéo
21. Emperor Noun ˈEmpərər Hoàng đế
22. Empire Noun ˈEmpaɪə (r) Đế chế
23. Attract Verb əˈtrækt Thu hút
24. Residential Adjective ˌRezɪˈdenʃl Khu dân cư
25. Irresponsible Adjective ˌɪrɪˈspɒnsəbl Thiếu trách nhiệm
LESSON 3: READING
26. Scenery Noun ˈSiːnəri Phong cảnh
27. Hospitable Adjective hɒˈspɪt əbl Hiếu khách
Phù hợp với hương vị của một
28. Suit some one’s taste(s)
số người
29. Tobe of reasonable Hợp lí
30. Itinerary Noun riɪˈtɪn(ə)(rə)ri Hành trình
31. Superb Adjective suːˈpəːb Tuyệt vời
32. Elegance Noun ˈɛlɪɡ(ə)ns Sang trọng
33. Authentic Adjective ɔːˈθɛntɪk Xác thực
34. Emerging Adjective ɪˈməːdʒɪŋ Đang nổi lên
35. Magnificent Adjective mæɡˈnɪfɪsnt Đẹp đẽ, tráng lệ
36. Islets Noun ˈʌɪlɪt Đảo (rất nhỏ)

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 Serial Vocabulary Type Pronounce Meaning
37. Breathtaking Adjective ˈbrɛθteɪkɪŋ Ngoạn mục
38. Cuisine Noun kwɪˈziːn Làm bếp, nghề nấu ăn
39. Abundant Adjective əˈbʌnd(ə)nt Phong phú
LESSON 4: SPEAKING
40. Tomb Noun tuːm Lăng mộ
41. Poetic Adjective pəʊˈɛtɪk Nên thơ
42. Landmark Noun ˈlan(d)mɑːk Cột mốc, đánh dấu
43. Mix Noun mɪks Sự hòa trộn
44. Mosaic Adjective məʊˈzeɪɪk Khảm
45. Tiered Adjective tɪəd Tầng
LESSON 5: LISTENING
46. Cave Noun keɪv Hang
47. Stream Noun striːm Suối
48. Limestone Noun ˈLaɪmstəʊn Đá vôi
49. Mountain climbing ˈMaʊntən ˈKlaɪmɪŋ Leo núi
50. Underground river ˌɅndəˈɡraʊnd ˈRɪvə (r) Nước ngầm
51. Grotto Noun ˈɡrɒtəʊ Hang (Nhỏ hơn Cave)
LESSON 6: WRITING
52. Landscape Noun ˈLændskeɪp Phong cảnh
LESSON 7: COMMUNICATION & CULTURE
53. Sanctuary Noun ˈSæŋktʃuəri Thánh địa
54. Mausoleum Noun ˌMɔːzəˈliːəm Lăng mộ
55. Mosque Noun mɒsk Nhà thờ Hồi giáo
56. Dome Noun dəʊm Mái vòm
57. Masterpiece Noun ˈMɑːstəpiːs Kiệt tác
LESSON 8: LOOKING BACK
58. Well-preserved Adjectice ˌWel prɪˈzɜːvd Được bảo quản tốt
59. Eastern Adjectice ˈIːstən Phương Đông
60. Western Adjectice ˈWestən Phương Tây
61. Antiques Noun ænˈtiːk Đồ cổ
62. Snoozing Verb snuːz Giấc ngủ ngắn

B. Grammar: PARTICIPLE & TO – INFINITIVE CLAUSE

1. Participle Clause:
a. Present participle clause (V_ing)
Đại từ quan hệ : S
Mệnh đề V_ing
Động từ mệnh đề quan hệ : Chủ động

- Cách rút gọn:

+ Bỏ đại từ quan hệ và trợ động từ.
+ Đưa động từ chính trong mệnh đề quan hệ về nguyên mẫu và thêm đuôi -ing.
(nếu mệnh đề chia ở thì tiếp diễn thì bỏ đại từ quan hệ và động từ tobe, chỉ giữ lại V-ing).
E.g: The man who is standing there is my brother. (Người đàn ông đứng đằng kia là anh trai của tôi.)
 The man standing there is my brother.

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Note: Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở dạng phủ định thì thêm “not” trước động từ dạng V-ing
E.g: The student who didn't make a reservation in advance will not be eligible to attend this event.
(Học sinh không đặt chỗ trước sẽ không đủ điều kiện tham dự sự kiện này.)
The student not making a reservation in advance will not be eligible to attend this event.
b. Past participle phrase (V-ed phrase)

Đại từ quan hệ : S
Mệnh đề V_ed
Động từ mệnh đề quan hệ : Bị động
- Cách rút gọn: BỎ đại từ quan hệ và động từ tobe, chỉ giữ lại dạng quá khứ phân từ của động từ chính
trong mệnh đề quan hệ.
E.g:
a) The books which were written by Nam Cao are interesting.
(Những quyển sách do Nam Cao viết rất thú vị.)
 The books written by Nam Cao are interesting.
b) The students who were punished by teacher are lazy. (Những học sinh bị giáo viên phạt thì rất lười.)
The students punished by teacher are lazy.
c. To infinitive (to V)
Đại từ quan hệ : S
Mệnh đề
N trước đại từ quan hệ: - only, last, next,…
- Số thứ tự: first, second,…
- So sánh hơn nhất…
V mệnh đề quan hệ : Chủ động: to V
Bị động: tobe + PII
a) Tom is the last person who enters the room. (Tom là người cuối cùng bước vào phòng.)
Tom is the last person to enter the room.
b) John is the youngest person who takes part in the race. (John là người trẻ nhất tham gia vào cuộc đua.)
John is the youngest person to take part in the race.
c) He was the first man who reached the top of this mountain.
 He was the first man to reach the top of this mountain
- Dùng khi mệnh đề quan hệ diễn tả sự cần thiết/ nhiệm vụ phải thực hiện:
+ Nếu 2 mệnh đề cùng chủ từ (thường là khi động từ ở mệnh đề chính là HAVE/HAD):
E.g: a) I have a lot of homework that I mustdo.(Tôi có nhiều bài tập về nhà phải làm.)
 I have a lot of homework to do.
b) They need a large yard in which they can dry rice. (Họ cần cái sân rộng để phơi lúa ở đó.)
 They need a large yard to dry rice in.
+ Nếu 2 mệnh đề khác chủ từ (thường là khi đầu câu có HERE (BE), THERE (BE))
E.g: a) He finds a house with a yard which his children can play in.
(Anh ấy muốn tìm một ngôi nhà có sân để các con mình có thể chơi ở đó.)
 He finds a house with a yard for his children to play in.
b) There are six letters which have to be written (Hôm nay có 6 bức thư phải được viết hoàn thành.)
 There are six letters to be written today.
c) Here are some accounts that you must check. (Đây là một số tài khoản bạn phải kiểm tra.)
 Here are some accounts for you to check

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 PARTICIPLE & TO – INFINITIVE CLAUSE
Exercise 1. Change the adjective clauses to adjective phrases
1. Do you know the woman who is coming towards us?

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2. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country.
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3. The children who attend that school receive a good education.
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4. The fence which surrounds our house is made of wood.
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5. Be sure to follow the instructions that are given at the top of the page.
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6. They live in the house that was built in 1890.
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7. The papers that are on the table belong to Patrica.
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8. The man who is talking to the policeman is my uncle.
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9. The number of students who have been counted is quite high.
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10. George is the man who was chosen to represent the committee at the convention.
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Exercise 2. Replace the underlined clauses by an infinitive or infinitive phrase
1. I don’t like him playing in the street. I wish we had a garden that he could play in.

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2. He simply loves parties. He is always the first who comes and the last who leaves.
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3. The last person who leaves the room must turn off the lights.
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4. The first man who was interviewed was entirely unsuitable.
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5. I’ve got a bottle of wine but I haven’t got anything that I could open it with.
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Exercise 3. Use reduced relative clauses in place of the relative clauses
1. We had a river in which we could swim.
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2. Here are some accounts that you must check.

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3. The last student that was interviewed was Tom.
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4. We visited Hanoi, which is the capital of VN.
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5. My father, who is a pilot, often goes abroad.

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Exercise 4. Use reduced relative clauses in place of the relative clauses
1. I was the only one who realized him.
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2. I have some homework which I must do tonight.

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3. Our solar system is in a galaxy that is called the Milky Way.
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4. I was awakened by the sound of a laughter which came from the room which was next to mine at the
motel.
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5. There are six reports which have to be typed today.
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Exercise 5. Using the structure of a relative clauses to rewrite the following sentences
1. The man who is standing there is a clown.
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2. The envelop which lies on the table has no stamp on it.
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3. Benzene, which was discovered by Faraday, became the starting point in the manufacture of many dyes,
perfumes and explosives.
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4. My grandmother, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house.

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5. The student don't know how to do exercise which were given by the teacher yesterday.
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6. The diagrams which were made by young Faraday were sent to Sir Humphry Davy at the end of 1812.
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7. The gentleman who lives next door to me is a well-known orator.
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8. All the astronauts who are orbiting the earth in space capsules are weightless.

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9. All students don't hand in their papers will fail in the exam.
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10. I saw many houses that were destroyed by the storm.

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