TAAL RULES AND TIPS

General tips on how to use this booklet bl. 2

1. Indirekte & Direkte Rede bl. 3
2. Tye (tenses) bl. 4
3. Ontkenning / Negatief bl. 5
4. Lydende vorm (passive voice) bl. 6
5. Voegwoorde (conjunctions) bl. 7- 8
6. Vraagsinne (changing statements into questions) bl. 9
7. Voornaamwoorde (pronouns) bl. 10
8. Trappe van vergelyking (degrees of comparison) bl. 11
9. Deelwoorde (participles) bl. 12
10. Infinitief bl. 13
11. Woordorde - STOMPI bl. 14
12. Words easily confused bl. 15
13. Afkortings (abbreviations) bl. 16
14. Meervoude & verkleining (plurals & diminutives) bl. 17
15. Sinonieme (words with a similar meaning) bl. 18
16. Antonieme (words opposite in meaning) bl. 19
17. Intensiewe vorm bl. 20
18. Samestellings (compound words) bl. 21 - 22
19. Homofone; Homonieme bl. 23
20. Advertensies en strokiesprente (cartoons) bl. 24 - 28
21. Woordeskat vir begripstoets (comprehension) bl. 29 - 30

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General tips on how to use this booklet:

These are examples of different aspects in Afrikaans.

It consists of basic steps to follow if you don’t understand something.

When you get an exercise to do, look it up in the booklet and learn from it.

Add as you learn new examples.

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1. Direkte en Indirekte Rede:

1. Stelsin (statement)

Underline your pronouns.

If you don’t have to use “dat” → don’t!
If you have to use “dat” → underline the verb and move it to the end of the sentence.

Die seun sê: “Ek lees elke dag my boek.”

Die seun sê hy lees elke dag sy boek.

Die seun sê dat hy elke dag sy boek lees.

2. Vraagsin (question)

Underline the pronouns.

Underline the verb → it always moves to the end of the sentence.
Is there a question word? (hoekom/waarom/wie/waar/wanneer/etc) → underline it → you
are going to use it.
If there is NOT a question word → you will use of.
Whether you use a question word or of → the verb always moves to the end of the
sentence.
No question mark in the indirekte rede.

Die seun vra: “Moet ek elke dag my boek lees?” (No question word - use of)

Die seun vra of hy elke dag sy boek moet lees.

Die seun vra: “Hoekom moet ek elke dag my boek lees?” (use the question word)

Die seun vra hoekom hy elke dag sy boek moet lees.

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2. Tye: (Tense)

1. Teenwoordige tyd → present tense

Die seun lees elke dag sy boek.

2. Verlede tyd → past tense

Die seun het elke dag sy boek gelees.

Die seun se pa laai hom by die skool op. → Die seun se pa het hom by die
skool opgelaai.

Die seun hersien sy werk voor die toets. → Die seun het sy werk voor die toets
hersien. (no ge- in front of a prefix → mis; her; ont; be; er; ver; etc.)

Die seun het baie werk om te doen. → Die seun het baie werk gehad om te
doen. (look out for the infinitief - the verb goes in front of “om”)

kan → kon is → was het → het . . . gehad

sal → sou wil → wou moet → moes

If there is a verb + preposition → it becomes ONE WORD in past and future tense!

Ek tel die boek en papiere op. → Ek het die boek en die papiere opgetel.

Ek skakel die lig aan. → Ek het die lig aangeskakel.

3. Toekomende tyd → future tense

Die seun sal elke dag sy boek lees.

Die seun moet sy boek lees. → Die seun sal sy boek moet lees.

Ek slaap en werk in my kamer. → Ek sal in my kamer slaap en werk.

Ek gooi die papiere weg om my kamer op te ruim. → Ek sal die papiere weggooi
om my kamer op te ruim.

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 is → sal . . . wees.

het → sal . . . hê.

3. Ontkenning / negatief: (negative)

Remember Afrikaans negative always have a DOUBLE negative!

Die seun lees elke dag sy boek → Die seun lees nie elke dag sy boek nie.

Remember the following changes:

al → nog nie . . . nie.

nog → nie meer . . . nie.

ooit → nooit . . . nie.

êrens → nêrens . . . nie.

iemand → niemand . . . nie.

óf . . . óf → nóg . . . nóg (either . . . or / neither . . . nor)

alles → niks . . . nie.

alreeds → nog nie . . . nie.

al een → nog geen . . . nie.

nog alles → niks meer . . . nie.

nog iets → niks meer . . . nie.

Questions:
● Is dit koud vandag? → Is dit nie koud vandag nie?

● Is dit nog baie koud vandag? → Nee, dit is nie meer baie koud vandag
nie. (only when you are asked to answer the question!)

● Kry jy baie koud vandag? → Nee, ek kry nie baie koud vandag nie.

Command:

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 ● Staan op! → Moenie opstaan nie!

● Maak asseblief die deur toe! → Moet asseblief nie die deur toemaak
nie!

4. Lydende vorm:

Underline the verb (V).

Underline the subject (S = Who? Usually before the verb).
Underline the object (O= What? Usually after the verb).
Swop subject and object.
Add DEUR.
Change the verb according to the tense → the main verb always moves to the end of the
sentence and you add ge-.
Leave adverb of manner and place where they are.
Time goes between the new subject and “deur”.

1. Present Tense:

S V O

Die seun lees elke dag sy boek in sy kamer.

Sy boek word elke dag deur die seun in sy kamer gelees.

❖ Die seun tel sy boek by die skool op. → Sy boek word deur die seun by die skool
opgetel.

2. Past Tense:

S V1 O V2

Die seun het gister sy boek in sy kamer gelees.

Sy boek is gister deur die seun in sy kamer gelees.

3. Future Tense:

S V1 O V2

Die seun sal môre sy boek in sy kamer lees.

Sy boek sal môre deur die seun in sy kamer gelees word.

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 ❖ Die seun kan môre sy boek in sy kamer lees. → Sy boek kan môre deur die seun in
sy kamer gelees word.

Pronoun changes:

Ek → . . . deur my . . .
Hy → . . . deur hom . . .
Sy → . . . deur haar . . .
Ons → . . . deur hulle . . .
5. Voegwoorde: (conjunctions)
Groep 1 Groep 2 Groep 3

No changes in word conjuction and verb verb goes to the end

order of the second of the second
sentence next to sentence
each other

hint → meow hint → most d - words hint → all “dat” words

except “dat” and “question words”

maar (but) dat (that)

dan (then)
en (and) nadat (after)
daarna (thereafter)
of (or) omdat (because)
daarom (therefore)
want (because) sodat (so that)
derhalwe (therefore)
dog (but) totdat (until)
nogtans (nevertheless)
óf . . . óf (either . . . or) voordat (before)
nietemin (nevertheless)
nóg . . . nóg (neither. . nor) wat (who/what)
anders (otherwise)
sowel as . . (as well as) terwyl (while)
gevolglik (as a result)
tensy (unless)
al (although)
alhoewel (although)
toe (then)
sodra (as soon as)
tog (even so)
aangesien (seeing that)
buitendien (besides)

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 mits (on condition that)

indien (in case)

of (if)

as (if)

wanneer ; hoekom;
waarom; hoe; hoeveel; etc.

Examples:

Groep 1:

Die seun lees elke dag sy boek in sy kamer. Hy hou baie van lees. (want)

Die seun lees elke dag sy boek in sy kamer, want hy hou baie van lees.

Groep 2:

Die seun lees elke dag sy boek in sy kamer. Hy kan baie goed lees. (daarom)

Die seun lees elke dag sy boek in sy kamer daarom kan hy baie goed lees.

Groep 3:

Die seun lees elke dag sy boek in sy kamer. Hy wil sy lees verbeter. (omdat)

Die seun lees elke dag sy boek in sy kamer omdat hy sy lees wil verbeter.

❖ Die seun het sy boek in sy kamer gelees. Hy het sy lees baie verbeter. (totdat)

Die seun het sy boek in sy kamer gelees totdat sy lees baie verbeter het.

How to START with the conjunction:

Underline the verb in the first sentence → it moves to the END of the first sentence.
Put a comma and START with the verb of the second sentence.

V V1 V2

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Die seun lees elke dag in sy kamer. Sy leeswerk het baie verbeter. (Aangesien . . .)

Aangesien die seun elke dag in sy kamer lees, het sy leeswerk baie verbeter.

V1 V2 V1

Die seun het elke dag gelees. Sy familie gaan strand toe. (Terwyl . . .)

Terwyl die seun elke dag gelees het, gaan sy familie strand toe.

6. Vraagsinne: (Question sentences)

If you must formulate a question from a statement → always start with the VERB if
nothing is underlined in the sentence: (You DON’T use a question word!)

Die seun lees elke dag sy boek in sy kamer.

Lees die seun elke dag sy boek in sy kamer? (don’t forget the question mark)

If something is underlined, it means you must use what is underlined as your ANSWER
→ now you choose an appropriate QUESTION WORD:

Wat? Wie? Waar? Waarom? Wanneer? Hoekom? Hoe?

The verb always follows the question word!

● Die seun lees elke dag sy boek in sy kamer.

Waar lees die seun elke dag sy boek?

● Ek gaan môre om nege uur na die supermark toe om melk te koop.

Wanneer gaan ek om nege uur na die supermark toe om melk te koop?

● Ek gaan môre om nege uur na die supermark toe om melk te koop.

Hoe laat gaan ek môre na die supermark toe om melk te koop?

● Ek gaan môre om nege uur na die supermark toe om melk te koop.

Waarom/Hoekom gaan ek môre na die supermark toe?

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7. Voornaamwoorde: (pronouns)

As a subject (at the start of the sentence) → Ek; Hy; Sy; Jy; Ons; Hulle; Julle

As an object (after the verb) → my; hom (him); haar (her); jou (your); ons (our); hulle
(their); julle (their)

As a possessive pronoun → myne (mine); syne (his); hare (hers); ons s’n (ours);
hulle s’n (theirs); julle s’n (theirs)

● Ek het ‘n fiets. Dit is my fiets. Die fiets is myne. Ek het dit vir my gekoop.

● Hy het ‘n fiets. Dit is sy fiets. Die fiets is syne. Hy het dit vir hom gekoop.

● Sy het ‘n fiets. Dit is haar fiets. Die fiets is hare. Sy het dit vir haar gekoop.

● Jy het ‘n fiets. Dit is jou fiets. Die fiets is joune. Jy het dit vir jou gekoop.

● Ons het fietse. Dit is ons fietse. Die fietse is ons s’n. Ons het dit vir ons
gekoop.

● Hulle het fietse. Dit is hulle fietse. Die fietse is hulle s’n. Hulle het dit vir
hulle gekoop.

● Julle het fietse. Dit is julle fietse. Die fietse is julle s’n. Julle het dit vir julle
gekoop.

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REMEMBER → ‘n Mens always takes jy/jou!!

‘n Mens moet altyd jou werk doen as jy goed wil doen.

8. Trappe van vergelyking: (degrees of comparison)

Stellende trap Vergrotende trap Oortreffende trap

no comparison two people/things indicated with a “die”

compared

Some exceptions:

goed beter beste

baie meer meeste
nuut nuwer nuutste
laag laer laagste
duur duurder duurste
moeg moeër moegste
droog droër droogste
breed breër breedste
snaaks snaakser snaaksste
min minder minste
volwasse meer volwasse mees volwasse
jonk jonger jonkste
lank langer lankste
selde minder minste
ru ruwer ruuste
styf stywer styfste
grof (short vowel) growwer grofste
koud kouer koudste

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 ❖ Add your own!

9. Deelwoorde: (participles)

Teenwoordige deelwoorde (present participles “-ing”) → the action is occurring

NOW. (In Afr. “-ende”)
● Die (loop) water is yskoud. (The running water is ice cold)

Die lopende water is yskoud.

Verlede deelwoorde (past participles) → the action is in the past tense.

❖ Swak verlede deelwoorde → used literally and describes a completed action

→ add ge- in front of the word and a -te/-de at the end
→ word ending on s;k;p;g;f usually get -te (there are
exceptions however)

● Die (streep) hemp lyk baie mooi. (The striped shirt look very nice.)

Die gestreepte hemp lyk baie mooi.

● Die (skei) ouers woon nie saam nie. (The divorced parents don’t live
together.)

Die geskeide ouers woon nie saam nie.

There are execptions, but these are the basics!

❖ Sterk verlede deelwoorde → used figuratively and changes completely.

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 ● Die (bederf) kind is baie stout. (The spoilt child is very naugthy)

Die bedorwe kind is baie stout.

● Die (wen) kinders sien uit na die vakansie. (The excited children look
forward to the holiday)

Die opgewonde kinders sien uit na die vakansie.

There is a long list → not listing it now.

Note that all the deelwoorde end on an -e → they are adjectives!

10. Infinitief:

There are THREE infinitives in Afrikaans: om . . . te . (verb).

behoort . . . te . (verb) .
hoef nie . . . te . (verb) . nie.

They can NEVER be in the same sentence!

“te” is always at the end of the sentence in front of the verb.

❖ . . . om . . . te . . .

● My broer is besig om te skryf.

My broer is besig om ‘n boek te skryf.

❖ . . . behoort . . . te . . . (ought to)

v
● My broer skryf ‘n boek.

My broer behoort ‘n boek te skryf. (verb moves to the end)

● My broer moet ‘n boek skryf.

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 My broer behoort ‘n boek te skryf. (“moet” falls away - replaced with

“behoort”)

❖ . . . hoef nie . . . te . . . nie. (negative infinitive)

● My broer skryf ‘n boek.

My broer hoef nie ‘n boek te skryf nie.

11. Woordorde : (the correct word order in Afrikaans)

S v1 T O M P v2 I

S → Subject (Onderwerp) → wie/wat → die doener (the doer) →

usually before the verb.

v1 → the first verb in the sentence → main verb / het / sal / moet / wil / etc.

T → Time (tyd) → when

O → object (voorwerp) → usually after the verb 1.

M → manner (manier/wyse) → how something is done.

P → place (plek) → where the action is taking place.

v2 → main verb if the sentence has a helping verb (het/sal/moet/wil/etc) →

always in front of the infinitive if there is an infinitive.

I → infinitive (infinitief) → indicate with “om . . . te . . .”

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 Remember → whatever you start with, the verb ALWAYS comes next!!

12. Words easily confused:

blomme (flowers) / bomme (bombs) / bome (trees)

deesdae (these days) / destyds (in the past)

ken (to know someone/something) / weet (to know something about

someone or something)

lei (to lead) / ly (to suffer) / lui (to ring/lazy)

opwindend (exciting - an occasion, never a person) / opgewonde (excited

- always used for people)

volgende (next) / vorige (previous)

verlede (in the past) / gelede (ago)

belowe (to promise) / glo (to believe)

verkeerd (wrong/incorrect) / vergeet (to forget)

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 golf (wave) / gholf (golf - the sport)

verhoog (stage) / gehoor (audience)

skou (exhibition) / wys (to show/ wise)

bewys (to prove) / verwys (refer to)

erken (to admit) / herken (to recognize)

help (to help - verb) / hulp (help - noun)

verrassing (a surprise) / verassing (a cremation)

aanvaar (to accept) / ervaar (to experience)

vra (to ask) / vraag (a question) / vrag (a load)

weier (to refuse) / wyer (wider)

13. Afkortings: (abbreviations)

All abbreviations get full stops except:

❖ Acronyms → SA / VSA / DBV / HIV / ESKOM / CV / ABSA

❖ Measurements & weights → kg / ml / km / mg

as gevolg van (as a result of) a.g.v.

antwoord (answer) antw.
asseblief (please) asb.
bladsy (page) bl.
blaai om asseblief (turn the page -PTO) b.o.a.
byvoorbeeld (for example) bv.
dit is (it is) d.i.
deur middel van (by means of) d.m.v.

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dit wil sê (see also) d.w.s.
ensovoorts (etcetera) ens.
in plaas van (instead of) i.p.v.
in verband met (in connection with) i.v.m.
Let Wel (NB) L.W.
met ander woorde (in other words) m.a.w.
mevrou (mrs) mev.
meneer (mr) mnr.
na aanleiding van (as a result of) n.a.v.
ten opsigte van (with regards to) t.o.v.
voormiddag (am) vm.
namiddag (pm) nm.
kaptein kapt.
paragraaf par.
Verenigde State van Amerika VSA
voornaamwoord vnw.
werkwoord ww.
infinitief inf.
kilogram kg
meter m
volgende vlg.

Days of the week → always the first two letters → Ma. / Di. / Wo. / Do. / Vr. /Sa./So.
Months of the year → usually the first three letters → Jan. / Feb. / Apr.
→ look out for Mrt. / Sept.

14. Meervoude & verkleining: (plurals & diminutives)

These are examples of different types of words

Meervoud Verkleining
pan panne pannetjie
maan mane (drop of of the vowels) maantjie
gesig gesigte (words ending with -ig) gesiggie
oog oë (words ending with -og) ogie
oorlog oorloë oorloggie
vraag vrae (words ending with -ag) vragie
vlag (flag) vlae vlaggie
vlieg (a fly) vlieë (words ending with double vlieggie
vowel)
knie (knee) knieë kniegie
stof stowwe (words ending with -f and a stoffie
short sound)

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stoof (a stove) stowe (words ending with -f and has stofie
a double vowel)
duif (a dove) duiwe duifie
koning konings koninkie (words ending with -
ng)
piesang piesangs piesankie
ma ma’s ma’tjie
pa pa’s pa’tjie
hoera hoera’s hoera’tjie
baba babas (no apostrophe s) babatjie
oupa oupas oupatjie
mini mini’s (all words ending with -i) mini’tjie
foto foro’s (all words ending with -o) foro’tjie
besigheid besighede (all words ending with - besigheidjie
heid)
kind kinders kindjie
stad stede stadjie
pad paaie paadjie
hemp (shirt) hemde hempie
boom bome boompie (all words ending
with -m)
skip skepe skippie
vliegtuig vliegtuie vliegtuigie
blad blaaie bladjie
potlood potlode potloodjie

15. Sinonieme: (words with a similar meaning)

verniet (for free) gratis
treurig (sad) ongelukkig / hartseer / droewig
present (gift) geskenk
praat gesels
opdaag (arrive) aankom / arriveer
koerant (newspaper) nuusblad / dagblad
hoflik (polite) beleef
grappig (funny) snaaks / koddig / komies
gou (quickly) vinnig / rats
dom (dumb) dwaas / simpel / onnosel
dadelik (immediately) onmiddellik / nou
bly (happy) gelukkig
bang bevrees
altemit (perhaps) miskien / dalk
tydperk periode
opgewonde bly / geesdriftig / entoesiasties

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joernalis verslaggewer
kwaad woedend
beslis definitief
gehalte (quality) kwaliteit
konflik stryd
brandstof petrol
tydens (during) gedurende

Add your own!

16. Antonieme: (words opposite in meaning)

aankoms (arrival) vertrek (departure)
begin (start) einde (end)
brandmaer (very thin) spekvet (very fat)
dapper (brave) bang (scared)
dikwels (often) selde (rare)
gevaarlik (dangerous) veilig (safe)
hartseer (sad) vrolik (happy)
lawaai (noise) stilte (silence)
liefde (love) haat (hatred)
lui (lazy) fluks (diligent)
mak (tame) wild
maklik (easy) moeilik (difficult)
slaag (to pass) druip (to fail)
mooi (pretty) lelik (ugly)
nader (closer) verder (further)

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netjies (neat) slordig (untidy)
oorlog (war) vrede (peace)
oorsaak (cause) gevolg (result)
praat (to talk) stilbly (to remain silent)
rykdom (wealth) armoede (poverty)
seldsaam (rare) alledaags (common)
siek (ill) gesond (healthy)
skriftelik (written) mondeling (orally)
skuldig (guilty) onskuldig (innocent)
styg (to rise) daal (to fall)
tevrede (satisfied) ontevrede (dissatisfied)
toelaat (to allow) verbied (to forbid)
vergeet (to forget) onthou (to remember)
vertrou (to trust) wantrou (to distrust)
vinnig (quickly) stadig (slowly)
voordeel (advantage) nadeel (disadvantage)
voorspoed (prosperity) teenspoed (adversity)
vra (to ask) antwoord (to answer)
vreugde (joy) verdriet (sorrow)
vriend vyand (enemy)
waarheid (truth) leuen (lie)
wen (to win) verloor (to lose)

Add your own!

17. Intensiewe vorme:

alleen stok(siel)alleen
blind stokblind
doof (deaf) stokdoof
oud stokoud
styf (stiff) stokstyf
bang doodbang
eerlik (honest) doodeerlik
gaar (cooked) doodgaar
gelukkig doodgelukkig / dolgelukkig
gewoon (ordinary) doodgewoon
moeg doodmoeg
skaam (shy) doodskaam

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seker (certain) doodseker
siek doodsiek
stil doodstil
swak (weak) doodswak
tevrede (satisfied) doodtevrede
arm (poor) brandarm
maer (thin) brandmaer
dronk (drunk) smoordronk
kwaad (angry) smoorkwaad
verlief (in love) smoorverlief
jonk bloedjonk
beroemd wêreldberoemd
bitter galbitter
droog kurkdroog
duur peperduur
fris (healthy) perdfris
glad (smooth) seepglad
goedkoop (cheap) spotgoedkoop
graag (keen) dolgraag
hoog hemelhoog
klein piepklein
leeg (empty) dolleeg
lelik (ugly) skreeulelik
lewendig (lively) springlewendig
lig (light) veerlig
lui (lazy) vreklui
mak (tame) hondmak
soet (sweet) stroopsoet
vas (firm) rotsvas
vet (fat) spekvet
swaar (heavy) loodswaar
ryp (ripe) papryp
18. Samestellings: (compound words)

The second word never changes.

Some words are just joined together:

● meisie + skool = meisieskool

● slaap + kamer = slaapkamer
● seun + skool = seunskool
● boek + rak = boekrak

Some words get an -e between the words:

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 ● boek + kennis = boekekennis (one usually gets knowledge from more than
one book)
● dier + tuin = dieretuin (usually a lot of animals in a zoo)
● held + daad = heldedaad
● oos + wind = oostewind
● perd + stal = perdestal

These are just SOME examples.

Some words get a -s between the words:

● hemp + mou = hempsmou

● land + taal = landstaal
● man + hemp = hempsmou
● stad + kind = stadskind (all words with stad)
● stad + lewe = stadslewe
● veiligheid + hek = veiligheidshek (all words with heid)
● toegang + kaartjie = toegangskaartjie (most words with more than one
syllable)

These are just SOME examples.

Some words get a -er between the words:

● kind + kamer = kinderkamer (all words with kind)

● suid + kruis = suiderkruis

These are just SOME examples.

Some words get a -ns between the words:

● lewe + lank = lewenslank (all words with lewe)

● eet + tyd = etenstyd (all words with eet)

Words ending with -f → -we:

● brief + bus = briewebus

● druif + sap = druiwesap

Words with a double -s only when the first word ends with -s and the second
word begins with -s:

● baas + speler = baasspeler

● dans + skool = dansskool

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 ● jas + sak = jassak
● plaas + seun = plaasseun

19. HOMOFONE; HOMONIEME:

Homofone → words that sound the same, but the spelling is different.

dokter ( medical docter) doktor (refers to an academic)

bleik (to bleach) blyk (it appears that)
vier (four) fier (refers to posture - proud and straight)
raad (council/ advice) raat (advice on how to cure something)
nood (emergency) noot (a musical note)
vel (skin) fel (very severe)
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end (the end) ent (a little distance / innoculation)
eis (to demand) ys (ice)
lei (to lead) ly (to suffer)
haal (to fetch) hael (hail)
steil (steep) styl (style)
lid (a member) lit (a joint in your finger)
rys (rice) reis (to travel)
ryk (rich) reik (to reach)
maar (but) maer (skinny/thin)

Homonieme → words that sound the same, are spelt the same, but have different

meanings.

leer (to learn) leer (ladder)

ken (to know) ken (chin)
steel (to steal) steel (the handle of an axe)
arm (poor) arm (an arm)
by (at) by (bee)
wag (to wait) wag (a guard)
was (to wash) was (wax)
vertrek (to leave) vertrek (a room)
lewer (to deliver) lewer (liver)
noot (musical note) noot (money note)
vee (farm animals) vee (to sweep)

20. Woordeskat (vocab) vir advertensies en strokiesprente (cartoons):

Advertensies:

What do you SEE in the advert?

● Are they advertising a PRODUCT / SERVICE?

● Who is the TARGET MARKET?

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 ● Are they using a spesific animal/person/object/image?
● Why will you/other people buy the product?

What do you FIRST notice about the advert?

● the basic layout of the advert → background/ image/ message

● font size and placing of the words
● persuasion techniques
● slogan

✔ Look carefully at all the visual aspects of the advert.

✔ Read all the written text in the advert.
✔ Ensure you know what is being advertised.
✔ The message is usually in the slogan.
✔ Decide who will be interested in the advertisement (target market).
✔ Look at the language used - is it usually very persuasive.
✔ Read the questions carefully and find the answers in the advertisement.

Useful vocabulary:

advertensie advertisement
skakel / bel call/ telephone
kontak to contact
stuur ‘n boodskap send a message
laat ‘n boodskap leave a message
stemboodskap voice mail /message
E-posadres E-mail address
webwerf / webbladsy web page
kontakbesonderhede contact details
teikengroep / teikenmark target market
handelsmerk brand name
advertensieveldtog advertising campaign
snuffelgids / snuffelkolom smalls / small ads
koerant newspaper
tydskrif magazine
aanbod geldig tot . . . offer vald until . . .
bestel aanlyn order online
aanbod verval . . . offer expires . . .
lettergrootte font size
lettertipe font type
koper buyer
verkoper seller

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afslag discount
uitverkoping sale
gratis free
bestel order
kontant cash
betaalopsie payment option
kredietkaart credit card
borge sponsors
oortuig persuade

Typical question examples (aside from usual taal questions):

● Hoe word die leser gemanipuleer? (How is the reader manupulated?)

● Wie is die teikenmark? (Who is the target market?)
● Wat gebruik die adverteerder om die leser se aandag te trek? (What does the
advertiser use to attract the reader’s attention?)
● Gee twee redes waarom mense in die produk sal belangstel? (Give two reasons
why people will be interested in the product?)
● Hoe kan jy die adverteerder kontak? (How can you contact the advertiser?)
● Wie is die adverteerder? (Who is the advertiser?)
● Wat is die slagspreuk? (What is the slogan?)

Strokiesprente/spotprente:

● Study the cartoon carefully → look at the characters, identify them and read all the
words.
● The purpose of a cartoon → to convey a (life) lesson in a funny/ comical / ironical way.
● The message is conveyed in various ways → words in speech bubbles, facial
expressions, body language, punctuation marks, font size and font type.

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Useful vocabulary:

strokie/strokiesprent cartoon
raampie frame
spraakborrel/praatborrel speech bubble
lyftaal/liggaamstaal body language
gesigsuitdrukking facial expression
verbaas astonished
emosies/gemoedstoestand emotions/ state of mind
gelukkig happy
hartseer sad
vriendelik friendly
geskok shocked
woedend / kwaad furious
ironies ironic
houding attitude
snaaks/komies funny
vreemd strange
opgewonde excited
opwindend exciting
uitgeput / moeg tired
aflei / lei . . . af to derive
bekommerd / bekommerde worried
Sy / Hy glimlag She / He is smiling
tevrede happy/content
skaam shy
verleë embarrassed
vetgedrukte woorde/ letters bold words / letters
hoofletters capital letters
uitroeptekens exclamation marks

Some useful responses to general questions:

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Hoe weet jy dat die man kwaad is? (How do you know the man is angry?)

● Sy gesigsuitdrukking wys dit. (His facial expression show it.) (raampie 1, 2 & 3)

● Sy liggaamstaal wys dit. (His body language shows it.)(raampie 1, 2 & 3)

● Hy wys met sy vinger. (He is pointing his finger.) (raampie 2)

● Hy frons. (He is frowning.) (raampie 1 , 2 & 3)

● Sy oë is groot oop. (His eyes are wide open.) (raampie 1)

● Sy mond is oop. (His mouth is wide open.) (raampie 1, 2 & 3)

● Hy skree. (He is shouting.) (raampie 2 & 3)

● Hy maak ‘n vuis. (He makes a fist.) (raampie 2)

● Sy oë is toe. (His eyes are closed.) (raampie 2 & 3)

● Sy hare staan orent. (His hair is standing on end.) (raampie 3)

● Daar is sweetdruppels by sy gesig. (There are drops of sweat next to his face.)
(raampie 3)

● Jy kan sy tande sien. (You can see his teeth.) (raampie 1, 2 & 3)

● Hy trek sy oë op skrefies. (He pulls his eyes into slits.) (raampie 2 & 3)

● Die uitroeptekens. (The exclamation marks.) (raampie 1, 2 & 3)

● Die hoofletters in raampie 3. (The capital letters in frame 3.)

● Die woorde in raampie 3 is vetgedruk. (The words in frame 3 is in bold.)

Hoe weet jy dat ‘n karakter gelukkig is? (How do you know that a character is happy?)

● Hy/ Sy lag. (laughs)

● Hy/ Sy glimlag. (smiles)

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 ● Sy/ Haar gesigsuitdrukking wys dit.

Hoe weet jy dat ‘n karakter ontspanne is? (how do you know that a character is
relaxed?)

● Hy staan met sy hande in sy broeksakke. (He is standing with his hands in his
pockets.)

● Sy liggaamstaal is positief. (His body language is positive.)

Hoe word die spreker se woorde beklemtoon? (How is the speaker’s words
emphasized?)

● Die uitroeptekens.

● Die woorde is in hoofletters.

● Die woorde is vetgedruk.

● Die lettertipe / font is anders.

21. Woordeskat vir begripstoets (comprehension):

aandui / dui . . . aan indicate
aanhaling quotation
agtereenvolgende / opeenvolgende woorde consecutive words
aparte woord separate word

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afdeling section
ander woord another word
beantwoord answer
beskryf describe
bewys prove
deur wie? by whom?
dadelik / onmiddellik immediately
een woord one word
eerste first
enige any
enigste only
gee ‘n aanduiding give an indication
gee ‘n rede give a reason
motiveer motivate
gevoelens feelings
gevolg / gevolge results
hoe weet ons . . .? how do we know?
hoekom? why?
hoeveel? how many?
hoeveelheid number / quantity
kenmerke / eienskappe characteristics
kies choose
keuse choice
lees / bestudeer read / study
aandagtig carefully
moontlikheid possibility
nadele disadvantages
voordele advantages
net only
onderstreepte woorde underlined words
ontbrekende woorde missing words
ooreenkoms similarity
verskil difference
oorsaak cause
oortuig convince
rangskik die sinne/woorde in die korrekte arrange the sentences/words in the
volgorde correct order
standpunt point of view
Stem jy saam? Do you agree?
mening → iemand anders se gevoel /siening. an opinion
Daar is geen bewyse nie.

feit → daar is bewyse, navorsing, getalle, a fact

statistieke, ens.
letterlike / denotatiewe betekenis literal meaning
figuurlike / konnotatiewe betekenis figurative meaning

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